CN104244750B - 改良的电子烟以及方法 - Google Patents

改良的电子烟以及方法 Download PDF

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CN104244750B
CN104244750B CN201380018495.4A CN201380018495A CN104244750B CN 104244750 B CN104244750 B CN 104244750B CN 201380018495 A CN201380018495 A CN 201380018495A CN 104244750 B CN104244750 B CN 104244750B
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electrical smoking
air inlet
heater
utensil according
smoking utensil
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CN104244750A (zh
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克里斯托弗·S·塔克
杰弗里·布兰登·乔丹
巴里·S·史密斯
阿里·A·罗斯塔米
迈克尔·J·穆林斯
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Altria Client Services LLC
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    • H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
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Abstract

一种电子烟，其包括含有液体材料的液体供应部，能被操作用于加热所述材料至足以蒸发所述液体材料并形成烟雾的温度的加热器，与所述液体材料连通并且与所述加热器连通的芯子，由此所述芯子能向所述加热器传送所述液体材料，以及在所述吸烟器具的规定的检测中能被操作用于建立预定的吸气阻力的至少一个进气口。

Description

改良的电子烟以及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请依据美国法典第35卷第119条(e)要求享有于2012年1月31日提交的美国临时申请No.61/593,004和于2013年1月14日提交的美国专利申请No.13/741,267的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
所选特征的概要
本发明提供了一种电子烟或雪茄(统称为“吸烟器具”)，其包括可蒸发液态材料以产生喷雾或者“蒸气”的加热元件。该加热元件优选地包括电阻加热器，其带有从中延伸穿过的芯子。该加热器由某种材料以某种方式构造，以避免在喷烟过程中产生过热点和过高的温度。
电子吸烟器具优选地包括吸嘴端插入件，其包括至少两个分散的出口，以便使蒸气输出物的口感更饱满。优选地把上述多出口的吸嘴端插入件与垫圈配合使用。在穿过垫圈而被吸入时，蒸气输出物进入到正好处于吸嘴上游的空间，此空间允许气流在进入吸嘴插入件的通道之前能够膨胀和减速，从而充分地避免“吸烟者”的嘴唇上或嘴唇周围的烫热感。
电子吸烟器具优选地包括金属管部，以及位于沿着该金属管部、优选地沿着器具的金属侧壁部分的某一位置处的精密成型的主要的空气进入端口。空气进入端口以较小的公差精密成型，并且其尺寸构造成使其成为沿着气体进口和蒸气源(加热器)之间的气体连通通道的压力降的主要来源。加热器的这种设置确保了对于每一口喷烟以及每一个电子吸烟器具而言，吸气阻力(RTD)都基本保持一致。为了进一步提高稳定性，可以在制造过程中检测器具的吸气阻碍压强，并且有必要的话采取纠正措施。
附图说明
图1是根据第一实施例的电子烟的俯视图。
图2是图1中所示电子烟的侧剖图。
图3A是图1中所示电子烟的构成元件(包括烟弹部分)的分解透视图。
图3B是图1所示电子烟的烟弹部分的空气进入端口的详细视图。
图4是图1所示电子烟的吸嘴端插入件的透视图。
图5是图4所示吸嘴端插入件沿线A-A的剖面图。
图6是图1所示电子烟的吸嘴端插入件的另一实施例的透视图。
图7是图6所示吸嘴端插入件沿线B-B的剖面图。
图8是图1所示电子烟的加热组件的放大细节图。
图9A是在设置闭合环之前带有放置好的加热器和芯子组件的内管的放大图。
图9B是在设置闭合环之后带有放置好的加热器和芯子组件的内管的放大图。
图10是用于图1所示电子烟的吸嘴端插入件的第三实施例的剖视图。
图11是图10所示吸嘴端插入件的分解图。
图12是用于图1所示电子烟的备选连接设置组件的详细视图。
图13是带有缺口的连接阴极的第二实施例的示意图。
图14A、14B、14C显示了包括斜孔的连接阴极的第三实施例。
图15是连接阴极和阳极的插图，其中阳极缩短以便与进气口连通。
图16是在其外表面上包括有香味带的电子烟的俯视图。
图17是用于电子烟的吸嘴端插入件的第四实施例的透视图。
图18是根据第一实施例的还包括套筒组件的电子烟的剖视图。
图19是根据另一实施例的电子烟的侧视图。
具体实施方式
电子烟的布置
如图1和图2所示，一种新型的电子烟(器具)60设有和包括可替换的烟弹(或第一部分)70、可重复使用的夹持件(或第二部分)72，在该优选实施例中，这两部分在螺纹连接部205处连接在一起，或通过例如紧配合、棘爪、夹钳和/或钩子等其他方便的手段连接。通常，第二部分72包含喷烟传感器16、电池1和控制电路，其中喷烟传感器16感应从相邻于电子烟60的自由端或末端的空 气进入端口45而吸入第二部分72中的空气。一次性的第一部分70包括装有液体的液体供应部区22和加热器14，该加热器把通过芯子28从液体供应部区22中抽出的液体雾化。当连接好螺纹连接部205时，电池1可以在喷气传感器的促动下与第一部分70的电加热器14连接。空气主要通过一个或多个进气口44而被吸入到第一部分70中。
在该优选实施例中，当烟弹中的液体用光时，仅需替换第一部分70。一个备选实施例包括这样的布置，其中当液体供应部耗尽时弃用整个器具60。在这种情况下，电池类型和其他特征可以简单且成本高效的方式来设计，但其通常具有和该优选实施例相同的理念，即第二部分是可重复使用的和/或可充电的。
在一个优选实施例中，电子烟60和普通香烟的尺寸大致相同。在某些实施例中，电子烟60的长度约为80mm至110mm，优选地长度约为80mm至100mm，而直径约为7mm至8mm。例如，在一个优选实施例中，电子烟的长度是约84mm，直径是约7.8mm。
优选地，在外管6上贴有至少一个粘贴标签。该标签完全地包围电子烟60，且可以通过上色或者制造纹理来提供普通香烟的外表和/或触感。在该标签中可包括孔洞，其大小和位置设置成能防止进气口44的阻塞。
外管6和/或内管62可以由任何适用的材料或其组合构成。适用材料的例子包括金属、合金、塑料，或者含有一种或多种上述材料的复合材料，或者可用于食物或医药应用的塑料，例如聚丙烯、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、陶瓷和聚乙烯。优选地，材料轻且不易碎。
烟弹结构
如图1、2、3所示，第一部分70包括沿纵向延伸的外管(或套管)6和同轴地设置在外管6内的内管(或烟筒)62。优选地，上游垫圈(或密封圈)15的鼻部61(如图3所示)配合到内管62的上游端部分65中，与此同时，垫圈15的外沿67提供了和外管6的内表面之间的液密密封。该上游垫圈15还包含中心的纵向空气通道20，其通向限定了中心通道21的内管62的内部。位于垫圈15后侧部的横向通道33和垫圈15的中心通道20贯穿且连通。该通道33确保了中心通道20和限定在垫圈15与阴极连接件37之间的空隙35(如图2所示)之间的连通。在这个优选实施例中，阴极连接件37包括用于与螺纹连接部作用的螺 纹部分。
阴极连接件37包括围绕其外沿39的相对的槽口38、38’，当阴极连接件37插入到外套管6中时，槽口38、38’分别和外套管6中的两个控制RTD的进气口44、44’的位置对准。在一个实施例中，此种对准可呈现为如图3’(细节图)所示。这种设置使得进气口44、44’可以布置成靠近螺纹连接部205而不会因阴极连接件37的存在被阻塞。这种设置也加强了进气口44、44’的面积，以促进进气口44、44’的精密钻削。
进气口和吸气阻力的控制
在该优选实施例中，在外管6上形成有至少一个进气口44，其优选地与螺纹连接部205相邻，以减少吸烟者的手指挡住其中一个进气口的可能性以及控制吸烟时的吸气阻力(RTD)。优选地，每一个控制RTD的进气口44、44’都是通过精密模制在外管6上加工成型，使得在其制造过程中每一个电子烟60的直径可精确地控制且可重复。优选地，用硬质合金钻头或者其他高精度工具和/或技术来钻削进气口44、44’。还优选地，用金属或金属合金来加工形成外管6，以便在生产操作、包装和吸烟过程中进气口44、44’的尺寸和形状都不会改变。因此，进气口44、44’提供了稳定的RTD。在该优选实施例中，进气口44、44’的尺寸和成形设置成能使电子烟60的RTD的范围为约60mm水柱至约150mm水柱，更优选地为约90mm水柱至约110mm水柱，最优选地为约100mm水柱至约130mm水柱。
控制RTD的进气口44、44’是临界孔(即，在沿着从进气口44、44’到内管62(加热器14在此蒸发液体)的内通道21的通道上是最小的孔)。因此，进气口44、44’控制电子烟60的RTD水平，其可以设置成能够提供与吸传统的点燃香烟相似的吸烟体验的水平。
具体参照图1，维持精确的和可重复的RTD的另一方面是在外管6上使用有利于精密模制和技术的金属材料。若需要在外管6上使用另一种材料(如使用塑料来呈现柔和的触感)，进气口44、44’可替代地形成在设置于进气口44、44’的位置处的金属嵌片(或嵌片)43上，以维持进气口44、44’的精度。
可以预想，金属嵌片43甚至可以包括在外管6是金属的实施例中，这种布局可以在允许一批金属嵌片坯料43上单独地(脱线地)生产和检测进气口44、 44’。有利的是，如果有任何已完成的金属嵌片43未符合进气口直径(和RTD)的标准或规格，则可丢弃不合格的金属嵌片43而不是整个烟弹组件(第一部分)70。
回到图1，金属嵌片43可包括贴在外管6的外表面上或完全包含在外管6内的单独片体，其中在外管6上优选地设置有一个过大尺寸的孔，其可以叠加在进气口44的区域上。还可以预期，该嵌片可以通过在嵌片和外管6之间或者完全在(外管6的内部)之中使用卡扣配合和/或粘合剂而成形和安装成与外管6的轮廓平齐。优选地，嵌片43上的进气口44、44’的形状和位置具有对称性，以便无论嵌片43如图1所示地设置或是翻转180度，进气口44都能保持充分运作。而且，金属嵌片43可以设置在外管6的内表面或者外表面上。金属嵌片43可以在电子烟60的圆周上部分地或完全地延伸。当金属嵌片43在电子烟的圆周上部分地延伸时，可以使用多个金属嵌片43，每一个金属嵌片43对应于一个进气口44、44’。
在该优选实施例中，第二部分72包括电子烟60的上游端5处的空气进入端口45，其大小可以设置成刚好足以确保位于附近的喷烟传感器16的正确运作。在吸嘴端插入件8处的吸烟动作通过位于第一部分70的阳极杆件47c和第二部分72的阳极连接杆件47b中的中心通道以及沿着电池1和第二部分71的壳体之间的空间13而传递给空气进入端口45。这些通道和空气进入端口45自身的尺寸设置成使得通过其中的气流速率远小于通过进气口44、44’的气流速率，以减小RTD受到的影响以及维持RTD的稳定。例如，每个进气口的宽度可以小于约2.0mm，深度可以小于约1.5mm。例如，每个进气口的宽度可以为约0.7mm至约0.8mm，深度可以为约0.7mm至约0.8mm。在一个优选实施例中，95％的引入到电子烟60中的空气通过进气口44，而只有5％的总空气流通过电子烟60的上游端5处的空气进入端口45流入。优选地，通过让第二部分72的阳极杆件47b的中心通道34足够小以得到一个远大于进气口44、44’处的压力降来决定这个比例。例如，阳极杆件47b的中心通道34的大小可以设置成能得到约为2000mm水柱的压力降(与进气口44、44’处的100mm水柱的公称压力降相比)。
如图19所示，为了在产品中维持始终如一的RTD，可以在进气口44、44’上设置可移动的保护罩601，以便防止在生产、包装运输和零售处理以及其他过程中因灰尘和弯折导致的劣化。为了维持始终如一的RTD直到耗尽，可在外管6 上进气口44、44’的位置周围包裹环形的包装材料或者包装带601。作为替换或附加，电子烟60可以配有可重复使用的保护罩，以提供同样的或者附加的保护。
此外，可以改进现有的电子烟生产技术，以便将RTD稳定性的检测包含在内。换言之，有必要把如何得到产品中的稳定RTD的认知(如上所述)与如何在生产加工产品过程中检测RTD的认知(如下所述)相结合。从一个电子烟到下一个电子烟实现始终如一的RTD促进了稳定的性能和输送水平，以及通过满足吸烟者吸电子烟会类似于吸点燃的香烟或雪茄的期望从而提高了吸烟体验。后者可能包括在照上述安装之前检测金属嵌片43；或者作为替换或附加，通过在刚生产出来的第一部分70上连接一个标准的但未激活的第二部分72来形成可以准确复制气流事件的良性的、未激活的检测配置来检测所完成的第一部分70，而在测量压力降的过程中没有激活加热器以及在该检测配置上施加一个预定的吸烟动作的风险。作为非限制性的例子，可以通过该检测配置来吸一根完全装配好的电子烟，此时压力降利用美国弗吉尼亚州切斯特菲尔德的Borgwaldt KC公司制造的PV10压降仪器来测定。可从名为“烟草以及烟草制品中香烟的RTD以及过滤棒的压力降的标准条件与测量”的标准方法ISO6565:2011中的选取对于电子烟来说合适的检测压力降的方法，且使用工作范围为50mmWG(mm水柱)至1900mmWG且直径范围为5.0mm至9.0mm的能够测量压力降的仪器。检测可以在几秒钟完成，而且仪器可以校准到50mmWG至300mmWG的范围。
可以预期，在良性的(未激活)检测配置中可以使用可拆卸的检测体代替未激活的第二部分72来达到同样的目的。这个检测体可以配置成能复制真实可重复使用的第二部分72对RTD的名义上的影响，但其可以被最优化以便用于机械操作以及与正在进行检测的新生产的第一部分70高速、自动地装配以及脱离。
包含有螺纹连接部205不能促进RTD检测的自动、高速的机械操作以及执行。现在参照图12，替换性的连接部205’可以包括这样的连接件，其具有销501和可释放棘爪503，和/或带有可释放棘爪、旋转式锁定装置等的电气轴承表面505。在图示的实施例中，棘爪503与一个凸起的环部509配合。可替换地，可使用一个或多个偏置球作为凸起的环部509的替代或附加。这种配置促进了自动的机械操作，可提供更高速但同时精确测量RTD的能力，并且促进了RTD检测的机械、自动的执行。可以预期，钻孔过程中的质量控制可以包含有反馈回路，以便可以监控RTD的测试结果来检测远离规格标准的趋势，从而可以采取纠正 措施，比如替换掉磨损的钻头。
现在参考图3a和3b，优选地，阴极连接件37包括在其外沿39上的相对的槽口38、38’，其中，当阴极连接件37插入到外管6中时，两个槽口与外管6上的两个或者更多控制RTD的进气口44、44’中的各个进气口的位置对准。在某些实施例中，可以包含有超过两个进气口44、44’(例如三个、四个、五个、六个、七个、八个、九个、十个或者更多)。可替换地，可以包括单独一个进气口44。在一个实施例中，这种对准可以按照如图3b所示地出现。这种布局允许进气口44、44’可以靠近螺纹连接部205布置且不会因为阴极连接件37的存在而被堵塞。这种布局同时也加强了进气口44、44’的面积，其可用于促进这些进气口44、44’的精密钻削。还可以使用以下讨论中的布局。
在另一实施例中，如图13所示，阴极连接件37可以包括形成在阴极连接件37的外沿39中的一个或多个缝隙300。烟弹部分70的外管6可在阴极连接件37的无螺纹端上滑动，直至接触障碍部(或边缘)307为止，从而留下缝隙300的一个预定部分通向烟弹部分70的外部以便空气进入。所进入的空气可以沿着缝隙300行进并进入烟弹部分70的内部。缝隙300可被用做临界孔，且可用于代替进气口44、44’。在另一个实施例中，除进气口44、44’外还会使用缝隙300。
在另一实施例中，如图14A、14B和14C所示，阴极连接件37可以包括在其内形成的一个或多个斜孔301，其与阴极连接夹持件49b上的一个或多个槽302连通。优选地，阴极连接夹持件49b可以包括位于其内部的空的环形空隙303，其与所述一个或多个槽302相连通。空气通过槽302被吸入，且传递入环形空隙303并从此处进入斜孔307。因此，没有必要使槽302和斜孔301对齐，这是因为空气会围绕着环形空隙303传递且然后进入斜孔301，即使斜孔301和槽302没有对齐也是如此。这种布局在生产制造过程中提供了优势，因为斜孔301不必和槽302对齐。
如图15所示，在另一实施例中，相对比于图2中的阳极杆件47c可以缩短阳极杆件47c，以便在阴极连接件37之后提供一个更大的空气间隙。空气经由槽302’(在图15中仅示出它的相对位置)进入，且通过环形空隙303被吸入穿过内部的进气口44，然后直接进入该空气间隙，穿过阳极杆件47c的中心通道34，进入通向加热器14的中心通道20。
液体供应部区域、加热器和芯子
优选地，下游垫圈10的鼻部93配合到内管62的下游端部分81的内部。垫圈10的外沿82提供了与外管6的内表面97的充分的液密密封。下游端垫圈10包括位于内管62的中心通道21与吸嘴端插入件8的内部之间的中心通道84，且其将烟雾从中心通道21传递到吸嘴端插入件8。
限定在垫圈10和垫圈15以及外管6和内管62之间的空间确立了液体供应部区域22的界限。液体供应部区域22包括液体材料，以及可选地包括能被操作用于在其中存储液体材料的液体存储介质210。液体存储介质210可包括围绕着内管62的棉纱布或其他纤维材料的缠绕圈。
在该优选实例中，液体供应部区域22包含在处于位于内管62和外管6之间以及垫圈10和垫圈15之间的外环620中。因此，液体供应部区域22至少部分地包围着中心通道21。加热器14在液体供应部区域22的相对部分之间横向地穿过中心通道21延伸。
优选地，液体存储介质210是包括棉、聚乙烯、聚酯、人造丝及其组合的纤维材料。优选地，纤维的直径的尺寸范围是为约6微米至约15微米(例如，约8微米至约12微米，或约9微米至约11微米)。液体存储介质210可以是烧结材料、多孔材料或泡沫材料。还优选地，纤维的大小设置成不透气，且可以有Y形、十字形、三角草形或者其他合适的形状的横截面。可替换地，液体供应部区域22可以包括不包含纤维状液体存储介质21而只包含液体材料的填充罐。
还优选地，液体材料的沸点适宜用于电子烟60。如果沸点过高，则加热器14不能够蒸发芯子28中的液体。然而如果沸点太低，液体甚至会在加热器14未激活之前就会蒸发。
优选地，液体材料包括有含烟草的材料，其中含有在加热时可以从液体中释放的可挥发烟草香料混合物。液体也可以是含有烟草香料的材料或者含有尼古丁的材料。作为替代或附加，液体可以包括非烟草材料。例如，液体可以包括水、溶剂、乙醇、植物提取物以及天然或人造香料。优选地，液体材料还包括烟雾形成剂。合适的烟雾形成剂例如有丙二醇和丙三醇。
现在还参见图8，在使用中，液体材料通过芯子28的毛细作用从加热器14附近的液体供应部区域22和/或液体存储介质210被抽出。在一个实施例中，如图8所示，芯子具有第一端部29和第二端部31。第一端部29和第二端部31分 别伸入到液体存储介质21的相对两侧，以便和包含于其中的液体材料相接触。还优选地，加热器14至少部分地包围住芯子28的中心区域113，以便当激活加热器14时可以蒸发芯子28的中心区域113中的液体以形成烟雾。芯子28优选地包括能够抽取液体的丝，更优选地包括一束玻璃(或陶瓷)丝，最优选地包括含有一组玻璃丝线圈的束，优选地有三个这样的线圈，其中所有这些设置都可以通过毛细作用经由这些丝的间隔空隙来抽取液体材料。优选地，芯子28是有柔性的且包括三束，每一束都包括大量的丝。而且，值得注意的是，芯子28的第一端部29和第二端部31是柔性的，且可在液体供应部区域22内的范围折叠。
有利地，液体供应部区域22中的液体材料可被保护以防止氧气(因为氧气通常不会通过芯子28进入液体供应部区域22)。在一些实施例中，液体材料被保护以防止光照，从而大大降低了液体材料降解的风险。因此，可以维持高水平的存储寿命以及清洁度。
在该优选实施例中，液体供应部区域22的尺寸和构造设置成可以保持足够的液体材料，以便可以操作电子烟60吸烟至少约200秒，优选地至少约250秒，更优选地至少300秒，且最优选至少约350秒。因此，液体供应部区域22相当于一包传统香烟。而且，可以把电子烟60设置成允许每一口喷烟最长持续约为5秒。
吸嘴端插入件
如图2、3a、4、5、6、7和17所示，第一部分70包括至少有两个分散的出口通道24(例如3、4、5个或更多，优选地为2至10个出口通道或更多，更优选地6至8个出口通道，再更优选地2至6个出口通道24或4个出口通道24)的吸嘴端插入件8。优选地，出口通道24偏离轴线设置，且相对于内管62的中心通道21向外倾斜(即分散开地)。还优选地，吸嘴端插入件8(或引流件)包括沿着吸嘴端插入件8的外沿均匀分布的出口通道24，以便在使用过程中充分地、均匀地分散吸烟者嘴内的烟雾，以及在口腔内制造饱满的口感。因此，当烟雾传递入吸烟者的嘴内时，烟雾进入口腔且沿着不同的方向移动以提供饱满的口感。与此相反，具有一个单一轴向孔的电子烟倾向于引导其烟雾以速率较高的单一喷束朝向吸烟者的嘴内的较有限的位置。
此外，设置分散的出口通道24并且使之包括内表面83，以便使可以夹带在 烟雾中的液体材料的未雾化液滴(如果有的话)撞击吸嘴端插入件8的内表面83，和/或撞击限定了分散的出口通道24的壁305。结果，这些液滴能够大体上去除或者分解，从而增强了烟雾。
在这个优选实施例中，分散的出口通道24相对于外管6的纵向轴线倾斜约5°至60°，以便在使用中更加充分地分散通过吸烟者口腔的喷烟以及去除液滴。在一个优选实施例中，设有四个分散的出口通道24，其中每个相对外管6的纵轴倾斜约40°至约50°，更优选地为约40°至约45°，最优选地为约42°。
优选地，每个分散的出口通道24的直径范围为约0.015英寸至约0.090英寸(例如，约0.020英寸至约0.040英寸，或约0.028英寸至约0.038英寸)。若需要，可以选择分散的出口通道24的尺寸和数量，以便调整电子烟60的RTD。
在如图17所示的一个实施例中，吸嘴端插入件8可以包括分散的出口通道24和轴向的出口通道26。
如图2所示，吸嘴端插入件8的内表面83可以包含大致半球形的内表面83。可替换地，如图7所示，吸嘴端插入件8的环形的内表面83'可以是大致圆柱形或者截头圆锥形，带有平面的末端表面。优选地，内表面83在其表面上是大体均匀的。而且，内表面83可沿着吸嘴端插入件8的纵向轴线对称。但是，在另一些实施例中，内表面83可以是不规则的和/或具有其他形状。
在一个优选实施例中，在吸嘴端插入件8内的分散的出口通道24的汇流处设有空洞911。
吸嘴端插入件8可以整体附着于烟弹70内的外管6内部。而且，嘴端插件8可以由选自含有低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)以及它们的组合物的组中的聚合物构成。如果需要，可以给吸嘴端插入件8上色。
如上所述，多出口的吸嘴端插入件8在烟雾从电子烟60中抽出时分散且改变了烟雾的方向以提供更饱满的口感。当喷雾形成后，其穿过内管62的中心通道21以及穿过下游垫圈10中的中心通道84。在早期原型的小组测试中，一些组员报道了在抽构造成包含了多个分散的出口通道24和一个直径约为1.3mm的中心通道84的吸嘴端插入件的电子烟的过程中在嘴唇上有“烫”的感觉。然而，在其中心通道84的内径增加到约2.6mm的电子烟60中，关于“烫”的感觉的报道基本上停止了。
下游垫圈10及其周围空间以及吸嘴端插入件8的动态模型表明，垫圈10中宽度为1mm的小的中心通道84倾向于形成速率最大约为12米每秒(m/s)的烟雾从吸嘴端插入件处离开。与此相比，包含有宽度为5mm的中心通道84的系统的模型显示，在吸嘴端插入件8的分散出口通道24的出口处得到的最高速率只有2.5m/s，其气流速率减小了将近5倍。从上述测试以及建模中可以认为，通过增大中央通道84的直径来防止喷雾被抽过多出口的吸嘴端插入件8的分散的出口通道24的出口之前气流加速，可以得到电子烟的感官感受的进一步提高。
因此，给电子烟提供具有其直径足以在烟雾流到达吸嘴端插入件8之前阻止烟雾流加速的中心通道84的下游垫圈10是有利的。优选地，中心通道84的直径为约2.0mm至约3.0mm，更优选地为约2.4mm至约2.8mm。随后，吸嘴端插入件8将来自中心通道84的输出物分成多个分散的减速气流，以提供更饱满的口感以及避免“烫”感。
在垫圈10上的尺寸设置适当的中心通道84用来充分地防止烟雾加速的情况中，通过在其出口平面上给出口孔提供倾斜的边缘(未图示)来在烟雾到达吸嘴端插入件8之前进一步降低烟雾的速度能够进一步提高这种功效。
在一个备选实施例中，吸嘴端插入件8和下游垫圈10可以集成为一体，以提高一致的性能且促进生产制造。
如图10和11所示，在一个备选实施例中，图1所示的电子烟60可以包括具有固定件27以及可旋转件25的吸嘴端插入件8。出口通道24、24’分别位于固定件27和可旋转件25上。该出口通道24、24’如图所示地配置，以允许喷雾进入吸烟者嘴内。但是，可旋转件25可以在吸嘴端插入件8内部旋转，以便能够至少部分地堵住固定的吸嘴端插入件8上的一个或者多个出口通道24。因此，消费者可以调节每一次喷烟的烟雾量。出口通道24、24’可以形成在吸嘴端插入件8内，以便在吸入烟雾的过程中出口通道24、24’分别提供更饱满的口感。
电路，提高加热器的性能的合金，过热点和减少排碳
在该优选实施例中，电源1包括设置在电子烟60内的电池，以便阳极47a处在阴极49a的下游。第二部分72上的电池阳极杆47b优选地包含有电池阳极47a。
更具体地，电池1的阳极47a和第一部分70中的加热器14之间的电连接是 通过电子烟60的第二部分72中的电池阳极连接杆件47b、烟弹70的阳极杆件47c和将加热件14的电引线109和阳极杆件47c的边缘部分相连的电引线47d来建立的(如图8所示)。同样地，电池1的阴极49b和加热器14的另一引线109’之间的电连接是通过第二部分72的阴极连接夹持件49b和第一部分70的阴极连接件37之间的螺纹连接部205以及从那里通过将阴极连接件37与加热器14上的相对的引线109’电连接的电引线49c建立的。
优选地，电引线47d、49c和加热器引线109、109’具有高导电性且耐高温，而加热器14的绕线部分110具有高电阻，以使热量基本上沿着加热器14的线圈产生。同样优选地，电引线47d通过压接和加热器引线109相连。同样地，电引线49c通过压接和加热器引线109’相连。在一个备选实施例中，电引线47d、49c可以通过焊接和加热器引线109、109’相连接。由于能加快生产，压接是优选的。
电池可以是锂离子电池或者其变体中的一种，例如是锂离子聚合物电池。可替换地，电池可以是镍基金属氢化物电池、镍镉电池、锂锰电池、锂钴电池或燃料电池。在这种情况下，优选地，电子烟60可被吸烟者使用直到电源中的能量耗尽，或者对于锂聚合物电池来说达到最小电压截止电平为止。
可替换地，电源1可重复充电，且包括允许通过外接充电设备来给电池充电的电路系统。在这种情况下，此电路系统优选地在充好电时可以给预定次数的喷烟提供能量，之后此电路系统必须再次连接到外接充电设备上。为了给电子烟60再次充电，可以使用USB充电器或者其他合适的充电组件。
优选地，电子烟60还包括具有喷烟传感器16的控制电路。喷烟传感器16能被操作用于感应空气压力降，且激活电压从电源1施加到加热器14上。如图2所示，控制电路还可以包括在加热器14被激活时能被操作用于发光的加热器激活灯48。优选地，这个加热器激活灯48包括LED且处在电子烟60的上游端，以便加热器激活灯48在喷烟过程出现燃煤一样的外观。而且，可以将加热器激活灯48设置成使得吸烟者能够看见。另外，加热器激活灯48可用于电子烟系统诊断，或指示正在进行再次充电。灯48还可以设置成使得吸烟者可以激活和/或熄灭该灯48以保护隐私，以便有必要时可以在吸烟过程中不激活该灯48。
优选地，该至少一个空气进入端口45(图1)位于临近喷烟传感器16的位置，以便喷烟传感器16可感受到表征吸烟者吸了一口的空气流并激活电源1和加热器激活灯48来表明加热器14正在工作。
控制电路优选地与喷烟传感器16集成在一起，并且响应于喷烟传感器16而给加热器14供电，其优选地具有一个最大的时间周期限值。
可替换地，控制电路包括可用于吸烟者开始吸烟的手动操作开关。供给加热器的电流的时间周期可以根据预计要蒸发的液体的量来预先设置。可替换地，只要喷烟传感器16检测到压力下降，电路系统就给加热器14供电。
优选地，当激活后，加热器14加热芯子28中的被加热器14所包围住的那一部分少于约10秒，更优选地少于约7秒。因此，供电循环(或最大喷烟时长)的周期范围可以为约2秒至约10秒(例如，约3秒至约9秒，约4秒至约8秒，或者约5秒至约7秒)。
优选地，加热器14是包围着芯子28的导线绕圈。合适的电阻材料的例子包括钛、锆、钽和铂系金属。合适的金属合金的例子包括不锈钢，含镍、钴、铬、铝、钛、锆、铪、铌、钼、钽、钨、锡、镓、锰和铁的合金，以及基于镍、铁、钴、不锈钢的超级合金。例如，加热器可以由铝镍化合物、在表面上有氧化铝层的材料、铝铁化合物以及其他复合材料形成，并且依据能量传递动力学及所需外部的物理化学性质，可选择地将电阻性材料嵌入、封装或涂覆在绝缘性材料上或反之。优选地，加热器14包括至少一种选自包括不锈钢、铜、铜合金、镍铬合金、超级合金和其组合的群组内的材料。在一个优选实施例中，加热器14由镍铬合金或铁铬合金形成，然而后者由于下述原因并不是优选的。在另一个实施例中，加热器14是外表面上覆盖有电阻材料的陶瓷。
在另一实施例中，加热器14可以由铁铝化合物(如FeAl或Fe3Al)构成，比如那些在1994年12月29日提交的由Sikka等人共同拥有的美国专利No.5,595,706中所描述的，或者由镍铝化合物(如Ni3Al)构成。由于铁铝化合物有较高的电阻，因此使用铁铝化合物是有利的。FeAl的电阻率约为180微欧姆，然而不锈钢的电阻率约为50至91微欧姆。较高的电阻率降低了抽取于电源(电池)1中或加载于其上的电流。
在该优选实施例中，加热器14由基本上由没有铁成分的镍铬合金形成。经验表明，如果在生产制造操作、保存期间和/或使用装置的过程中合金接触了水，则由铁铬合金构成的加热器中的铁成分会被氧化。
众所周知，加热甘油和/或丙二醇超过一定温度会产生的羰基化合物(其中包括甲醛)。氧化铁倾向于催化这些反应，使得羰基化合物在较低温度下产生。 通过使用不含铁成分的合金，可以避免这种催化，并且减小产生羰基化合物和其他成分的可能性。
而且，在该优选实施例的生产和设计中，采用了一定的方面和措施来避免在其加热周期中加热器14上出现不希望有的“过热点”。过热点会导致过高的峰值温度，这会产生在没有过热点时可以避免的不希望有的物质。
虽然不希望被理论所束缚，但普遍认为，如果改变加热器14的绕组以使得线圈14的环之间的间距局部地减小，则该减小的间距将导致被认为使峰值温度超出预定等级的过热点的产生。还认为沿着加热器14的线圈形成均匀的间隔并采取措施以保持加热器14的绕组之间的原始的均匀间隔，可以避免的“过热点”的后果。
特别地如图8所示，可以预期，通过包括使用自动卷绕机来围着芯子28缠绕线圈以及将芯子28作为缠绕步骤中的轴的方式，可以实现贯穿给定加热器14的绕线区域110的一致的线圈间隔111的制造。在该优选实施里中优选有3至8个绕组，更优选的是3至5个。
一旦建立，线圈间隔111的均匀性就被保留在制造过程中和在该优选实施例的设计中。
且如图9A所示，特别地，在内管62中提供相对的槽63有利于将加热器14和芯子28放置到内管62内而不会在槽63的边缘与加热器14的绕线区域110(如图8所示)之间产生撞击。因此，不允许槽63的边缘撞击或改变加热器14的线圈间隔111，否者将会产生过热点的潜在来源。
如图9B所示，小心地定位的闭合环69，使得其靠近或接触但不推压芯子28。这样的定位避免了在加热器14上施加弯矩并避免了加热器14的弯曲，否则可能在线圈14的其中线圈间隔111被压缩和减小的一侧上产生过热点。因此，闭合环69的上游边缘114被带到芯子28的附近，但并不定位于芯子28之上，以避免上述弯曲效应的可能。当闭合环69如图9B所示地放置时，它会封闭位于加热器组件和槽63之间的剩余的开放空间。
在该优选实施例中，内管62和封闭环69由玻璃纤维织物构成。
在该优选实施例中，内管62的直径约为4mm，且每个相对的槽63的最小和最大尺寸为约2mm和约4mm。
在一个实施例中，加热器14包括至少部分地围绕芯子28的线缆线圈。在此 实施例中，该线缆优选地是可以完全或部分地沿着芯子28的长度延伸的金属丝和/或加热器。加热器14可以完全或部分地围绕芯子28的周围伸展。在另一个实施例中，加热器不与芯子28接触。
优选地，加热器14通过热传导来加热芯子28中的液体。可替换地，可以通过传热元件将热量从加热器14传导给液体，或者加热器14可以将热量传递给在使用过程中被抽入电子烟60的进入的环境空气，其随后通过对流给液体加热。
在一个实施例中，芯子28包括由具有可以抽取液体的能力的陶瓷丝形成的陶瓷芯。如上所述，芯子28至少部分地被加热器14包围。而且，在该优选实施例中，芯子28延伸穿过内管62内的相对的槽63，以便芯子28的每个末端和液体供应部区域22接触(如图2所示)。
在该优选实施例中，芯子28包括丝以及一束玻璃丝。例如，芯子28可以包括多条丝。丝或线可以大致排列在和电子烟的纵轴方向垂直(或横向)的方向上。优选地，芯子28包括1至8根丝，更优选地2至6根丝。在该优选实施例中，芯子28包括3束，每一束包含多根缠扭在一起的玻璃丝。
在该优选实施例中，芯子28的结构是由通过其能经由毛细作用将液体传递到加热器14的丝所形成。芯子28可包括横截面是大致十字形、三叶草形、Y形或任何其他合适形状的丝。
优选地，芯子28包括任何合适的材料或材料的组合。合适材料的例子有玻璃、陶瓷基材料或石墨基材料。而且，芯子28可以有任何合适的毛细吸引作用，以适应液体物理性能比如密度、粘度、表面张力和蒸气压力不同的可产生喷烟的液体。芯子28的毛细作用和液体的性质相结合，确保了芯子28在加热器14的区域中总是润湿的，从而避免加热器14的过热。
作为使用芯子28的替代，加热器14可以是结合有由能够快速发热的高电阻率材料形成的电阻发热器的多孔材料。
优选地，芯子28和液体供应部区域22中的纤维状介质由玻璃纤维构成。
套筒组件
如图18所示，电子烟60还可以包括可移除和/或可旋转地位于电子烟60的第一部分70周围的套筒组件87。而且，该套筒组件87将第一部分70的至少一部分隔热，以便在传递给吸烟者之前保持喷烟的温度。在该优选实施例中，套筒 组件87可以围绕电子烟60旋转，且包括在套筒组件87上横向分布的隔开的槽88，从而使槽88和第一部分70上的进气口44、44’对齐，以便当吸烟者吸入喷烟时允许空气进入电子烟60。如果需要的话，在吸烟之前，吸烟者可以旋转套筒组件87以使进气口44、44’至少部分地被套筒组件87挡住，从而调整电子烟60的RTD和/或通气性能。
优选地，套筒组件87由硅胶或其他柔软的材料制成，以给吸烟者提供柔软的口感。但是，套筒组件87可由一个或多个部分构成，并可以由多种材料包括塑料、金属和它们的组合构成。在一个优选实施例中，套筒组件87是硅胶制成的单件体。套筒组件87可以被拆掉且再次用于其他的电子香烟，或者和第一部分70一同丢弃。套筒组件87可以是任意颜色，和/或包括图形或其他标记。
香味的传递
如图11所示，电子烟60还可以包括位于第一部分70和第二部分72中的至少一个的外表面91上的香味带89。可替换地，香味带89可以位于套筒组件87的一部分上。优选地，香味带89位于装置的电池和加热器14之间，以便在吸烟过程中香味带临近于吸烟者的鼻子。香味带89可包括含有在吸烟之前和/或期间释放出的香味料的芳香凝胶、薄膜或溶液。在一个实施例中，当放置在第一部分70中时，芳香凝胶、薄膜或溶液中的香味料可以通过喷烟的动作(其打开香味带上的一个孔)而释放出。可替换地，加热器14产生的热量可以引起香味料释放。
在一个实施例中，香味带可以包括烟草香味提取物。这样的提取物可通过将烟草材料研磨成小片并用有机溶剂提取且振动混合物几个小时得到。然后该提取物可被过滤、干燥(例如用硫酸钠)，并在可控的温度和压力下浓缩。可替换地，该提取物可以用在香料化学领域中已知的技术得到，如溶剂辅助萃取香料(SAFE)蒸馏技术(恩格尔等人，1999)，其允许挥发性组分从非挥发性组分中分离。此外，pH值分馏和层析方法可用于进一步分离和/或隔离特定的化合物。该提取物的浓度可以通过用有机溶剂或水进行稀释来调整。
香味带89可以是能够通过例如使用刷子或浸渍的方式来施加提取物的聚合物或纸带。可替换地，提取物可以被封装在纸环和/或纸带中，并且由吸烟者手动地释放，例如通过在吸烟过程中挤压香味带的方式。
在一个实施例中，如图2、5、7和图9所示的电子香烟60还可以包括位于 加热器14上游且能被操作用于限制通过电子烟60的空气流的过滤部分。增加过滤部分也可以帮助调节RTD。
在本文中，当用语“约”与一个数值连用时，其意指相关的数值包括有在该既定数值的周围的±10％的公差。而且，当在本说明书中提及到百分比时，其意指这些百分数是基于重量的，即重量百分比。
而且，当用语“大致”和“基本上”和几何形状连用时，其意指并不要求几何形状的精密度，但其形状的界限是在所披露的范围之内。当使用几何术语时，“大致”和“基本上”意欲不仅包括符合严格规定的特征，还包括相当地接近此严格规定的特征。
现在可以清楚，在本说明书中描述了一种新的、改进的、非显而易见的电子烟，其中披露了足够的细节以能够被本领域的普通技术人员所理解。而且，对于本领域的技术人员来说显然的是，对于电子烟的特征来说存在有未实质性偏离本发明的精神和范围的许多修改、变化、替代物和等效物。因此，可以明确地表示，所有这些落入所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围内的修改、变化、替代物和等效物都包含在所附权利要求书内。

Claims (23)

1.一种电子吸烟器具，包括：
在纵向方向上延伸的套管；
吸嘴端插入件；
与所述吸嘴端插入件连通的至少一个进气口，所述至少一个进气口构造成用于在所述电子吸烟器具的规定检测中建立吸气阻力，所述吸气阻力在60毫米水柱到150毫米水柱的范围内；以及
位于所述套管的内表面上的嵌片，在所述嵌片上限定有孔，所述孔与所述至少一个进气口叠置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述套管由金属或金属合金形成，并且所述至少一个进气口形成在所述套管中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述嵌片为金属嵌片。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述至少一个进气口的宽度小于2.0mm，而且长度小于1.5mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，还包括：
能移除的保护罩，所述保护罩在所述至少一个进气口形成后放置在所述至少一个进气口上，并且在吸烟之前被移除。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，在吸烟过程中，所述吸气阻力为90mm水柱至110mm水柱。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述至少一个进气口设置在连接固定件的附近，所述连接固定件包括与所述至少一个进气口的位置相对应的至少一个槽口。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述至少一个进气口设置在连接固定件的附近，所述连接固定件包括斜孔和与所述至少一个进气口连通的相应的槽口。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，还包括：
位于所述套管内的内管，所述内管包括一对相对的槽；
含有液体材料的液体供应部，所述液体供应部处在所述套管和所述内管之间的外环区域中；
位于所述内管内的线圈加热器；
与所述液体供应部连通并且被所述线圈加热器包围的芯子，由此所述芯子能向所述线圈加热器传送所述液体材料，所述线圈加热器加热所述液体材料至足以蒸发所述液体材料并在所述内管内形成蒸气的温度；以及
能和所述线圈加热器连接且构造成用于在所述线圈加热器上施加电压的电源。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述内管的直径为4mm，并且所述相对的槽中的每一个的尺寸为2mm至4mm。
11.根据权利要求9所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述电子吸烟器具包括能与第二部分连接的第一部分，并且所述芯子、所述液体供应部和所述吸嘴端插入件处在所述第一部分内，所述电源处于所述第二部分内。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述芯子、所述液体供应部、所述吸嘴端插入件以及所述电源处于所述套管内。
13.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述内管由编织的玻璃纤维材料形成。
14.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述线圈加热器由至少一种选自由不锈钢、铜、铜合金、镍铬合金、铁铝合金、铁铬合金、超级合金、铁铝化合物、镍铝化合物及其组合所构成的群组内的材料构成。
15.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述线圈加热器包括4匝至8匝，所述4匝至8匝均匀地间隔开。
16.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述电源包括电池。
17.根据权利要求16所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述线圈加热器通过电引线和所述电池连接。
18.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述第一部分和所述第二部分的外径相同，并且其中所述第一部分是一次性的下游部分，所述第二部分是可重复使用的上游部分。
19.根据权利要求10所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，还包括：
包含喷烟传感器的控制电路，所述喷烟传感器构造成用于感应空气流，以及激活电压从所述电源施加到所述线圈加热器上。
20.根据权利要求19所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，还包括：
临近所述喷烟传感器设置的至少一个第二进气口。
21.根据权利要求19所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述控制电路还包括位于所述电子吸烟器具的上游端的加热器激活灯，所述加热器激活灯构造成用以在所述线圈加热器被激活时发光。
22.根据权利要求11所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述液体供应部还包括构造成用于存储所述液体材料的多孔液体存储介质，所述液体存储介质是纤维状的，并且包括选自由人造纤维、聚酯、聚乙烯、棉、陶瓷、聚醚醚酮及其组合所构成的群组内的材料。
23.根据权利要求1所述的电子吸烟器具，其特征在于，所述至少一个进气口在所述套管的内部形成，所述套管包括比所述至少一个进气口更大的孔。
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US11511058B2 (en) 2022-11-29
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WO2013116558A1 (en) 2013-08-08
AU2013214997B2 (en) 2017-02-23
CN104661544A (zh) 2015-05-27
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AU2013214993B2 (en) 2017-02-23
US20170042249A1 (en) 2017-02-16
CA2862105A1 (en) 2013-08-08
BR112014018882A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
US8997754B2 (en) 2015-04-07
JP2015508641A (ja) 2015-03-23
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US9668523B2 (en) 2017-06-06
US20230041459A1 (en) 2023-02-09
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US10881814B2 (en) 2021-01-05
MX2014009394A (es) 2015-05-12
MA37294B1 (fr) 2016-02-29
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US10780236B2 (en) 2020-09-22
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EP2809184B1 (en) 2022-08-03
BR112014018882A2 (zh) 2017-06-20
JP2023126792A (ja) 2023-09-12
PL2809186T3 (pl) 2017-12-29
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US20160183598A1 (en) 2016-06-30
US20160360795A1 (en) 2016-12-15
US8997753B2 (en) 2015-04-07
RU2014135386A (ru) 2016-03-20
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IL233653A0 (en) 2014-08-31
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KR20140125829A (ko) 2014-10-29
EP2809186B1 (en) 2017-04-05
UA112786C2 (uk) 2016-10-25
UA115778C2 (uk) 2017-12-26
CA2868313A1 (en) 2013-08-08
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IL233894A0 (en) 2014-09-30
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BR112014018766A2 (zh) 2017-06-20
CA2867624A1 (en) 2013-08-08
US20130192622A1 (en) 2013-08-01
JP2015505475A (ja) 2015-02-23
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AU2013214998B2 (en) 2017-02-23

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