WO2014010620A1 - タッチパネルセンサ、タッチパネル装置および表示装置 - Google Patents
タッチパネルセンサ、タッチパネル装置および表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010620A1 WO2014010620A1 PCT/JP2013/068836 JP2013068836W WO2014010620A1 WO 2014010620 A1 WO2014010620 A1 WO 2014010620A1 JP 2013068836 W JP2013068836 W JP 2013068836W WO 2014010620 A1 WO2014010620 A1 WO 2014010620A1
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- touch panel
- electrode
- panel sensor
- mesh
- end surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/13338—Input devices, e.g. touch panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0445—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a touch panel sensor having an electrode, and more particularly, to a touch panel sensor in which an electrode has a low resistance and a conductive wire forming the electrode is thinned.
- the present invention also relates to a touch panel device including a touch panel sensor and a display device including a touch panel sensor or a touch panel device.
- the touch panel device includes a touch panel sensor, a control circuit that detects a contact position on the touch panel sensor, wiring, and an FPC (flexible printed circuit board).
- the touch panel device is used as an input means for various devices including an image display mechanism such as a liquid crystal display or a plasma display (for example, a ticket vending machine, an ATM device, a mobile phone, a game machine) and the image display mechanism. It is used.
- the touch panel sensor is disposed on the display surface of the image display mechanism, and thus the touch panel device enables a very direct input to the display device.
- An area of the touch panel sensor that faces the display area of the image display mechanism is transparent, and this area of the touch panel sensor constitutes an active area that can detect a contact position (approach position).
- the touch panel device can be classified into various types based on the principle of detecting the contact position (approach position) on the touch panel sensor.
- capacitive touch panel devices have attracted attention because they are optically bright, have good design properties, have a simple structure, and are superior in function.
- a strange capacitance is newly generated when an external conductor (typically a finger) whose position is to be detected contacts (approaches) the touch panel sensor via a dielectric. The position of the external conductor on the touch panel sensor is detected using the change in capacitance.
- the touch panel sensor usually has a base material and electrodes provided on the base material.
- the electrode has a detection electrode located in the active area and a take-out electrode located in the inactive area.
- the detection electrode is disposed at a position facing the display area of the image display mechanism, and thus is formed using a transparent conductive material such as ITO. ing.
- the refractive index of the transparent conductive material is relatively large. Therefore, the transmittance and reflectance of light between the area where the detection electrode is arranged and the area where the detection electrode is not arranged in the touch panel sensor. May vary greatly.
- a touch panel sensor in which detection electrodes are formed using a metal material is also known.
- the detection electrode is formed as a narrow conducting wire. For this reason, the transmittance in the active area can be sufficiently increased.
- the electrical conductivity of the metal material is high, the surface resistivity (unit: ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the touch panel sensor can be sufficiently reduced even if the width of the metal conductor is reduced.
- a metal foil is first laminated on a transparent substrate via an adhesive, and then this metal foil is patterned by etching using a photolithography technique to form an electrode. It is made by doing.
- the conventional touch panel sensor in which the electrode is made of a metal conductive wire is manufactured by etching a metal foil using a patterned resist as a mask.
- the thickness of the industrially manufactured metal foil is 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the width of the metal conductor that can be stably produced by etching the metal foil having such a thickness is at least 10 ⁇ m or more. The reason is that, as shown in FIG. 21, adjacent erosion sites are connected under the resist due to lateral erosion (side etching) that inevitably occurs during etching. If the erosion site is connected below the resist, the resist portion can no longer be stably supported. As a result, the metal conductive wire to be formed below the resist portion lacks linearity, and the height (thickness) varies.
- the cross-sectional shape of the obtained metal conducting wire is a triangular shape protruding from the base material. Since such a metal conducting wire is narrow and low in height, it does not exhibit sufficient electrical conductivity. Therefore, the surface resistivity of the touch panel sensor is increased, and the sensing sensitivity for position detection is reduced. In addition, when such a touch panel sensor is incorporated in a touch panel device or a display device so that the protruding metal conductor faces the viewer, the metal conductor having the required surface resistivity is easily visually recognized. As a result, the shading unevenness caused by the metal conductors of the touch panel sensor and the moire caused by the interference with the pixel arrangement of the image display mechanism, the metal conductors of other touch panel sensors, and the like are easily recognized.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a touch panel sensor in which an electrode has a low resistance and a conductive wire forming the electrode is thinned.
- the first touch panel sensor includes: A substrate; An electrode provided on the base material, the electrode including a detection electrode used for position detection, and an extraction electrode connected to the detection electrode;
- the electrode includes a metal layer that occupies at least a portion of any thickness cross-section; In the connection portion between the detection electrode and the extraction electrode, the metal layer of the detection electrode and the metal layer of the extraction electrode are integrally formed,
- the detection electrode includes a conductor mesh arranged in a mesh pattern in which a conductor defines a large number of opening regions, and the height of the conductor of the conductor mesh is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, The width of the conducting wire of the conductor mesh is 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less,
- the conductive wire of the conductive mesh has a base end face located on the base material side, a flat front end face disposed opposite to the base end face, and a pair connecting the base end face and the front end face. And side surfaces.
- the second touch panel sensor includes: A substrate; An electrode provided on the base material, the electrode including a detection electrode used for position detection, and an extraction electrode connected to the detection electrode;
- the electrode includes a metal layer that occupies at least a portion of any thickness cross-section;
- the detection electrode includes a conductor mesh arranged in a mesh pattern in which a conductive wire defines a number of opening regions;
- the conductive wire of the conductive mesh has a base end face located on the base material side, a flat front end face disposed opposite to the base end face, and a pair connecting the base end face and the front end face.
- a side of The width of the conducting wire of the conductor mesh changes so as to decrease from the distal end surface toward the proximal end surface.
- the third touch panel sensor 30 includes: A substrate; An electrode provided on the base material, the electrode including a detection electrode used for position detection, and an extraction electrode connected to the detection electrode;
- the electrode includes a metal layer that occupies at least a portion of any thickness cross-section;
- the detection electrode includes a conductor mesh arranged in a mesh pattern in which a conductive wire defines a number of opening regions;
- the conductive wire of the conductive mesh has a base end face located on the base material side, a flat front end face disposed opposite to the base end face, and a pair connecting the base end face and the front end face.
- a side of The width of the conducting wire of the conductor mesh is narrower on the base end face than on the tip end face.
- the conductive wire of the conductive mesh further includes a blackening layer provided on the opposite side of the metal layer from the base material to form the tip surface. You may make it.
- the conductive wire of the conductive mesh may further include a blackening layer provided on the base material side of the metal layer to form the base end surface.
- the width of the conductive wire of the conductor mesh is reduced from the distal end surface to the proximal end surface and from the distal end surface to the proximal end surface. May only change.
- the width of the conductive wire of the conductor mesh changes only so as to decrease from the distal end surface toward the proximal end surface, and thereafter, You may change only so that it may become large from the side to the said base end surface.
- the mesh pattern is formed from a plurality of boundary lines extending between two branch points to define the opening region, and one branch is formed in the mesh pattern.
- the average number of boundary line segments extending from the points may be 3.0 or more and less than 4.0, and there may be no direction in which the opening regions are arranged at a constant pitch.
- the mesh pattern is formed from a number of boundary lines extending between two branch points to define the opening region, and the mesh pattern is included in the mesh pattern.
- the largest number of opening regions may be surrounded by six boundary lines.
- the average of the number of boundary line segments connected at one branch point may be larger than 3.0.
- the average of the number of boundary line segments connected at one branch point may be 3.0.
- the touch panel device includes any of the first to third touch panel sensors according to the present invention described above.
- the display device includes any one of the first to third touch panel sensors according to the present invention described above, or any of the touch panel devices according to the present invention described above.
- the present invention it is possible to make the conductive wire forming the electrode thin while maintaining the electrode of the touch panel sensor at a low resistance.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and schematically shows a touch panel device together with an image display mechanism.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the touch panel device of FIG. 1 together with an image display mechanism.
- the cross section shown in FIG. 2 generally corresponds to the cross section taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a top view showing a touch panel sensor of the touch panel device.
- 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of a mesh pattern in a plan view of the conductive mesh 55 included in the touch panel sensor of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the conductive mesh and is a diagram for explaining a mesh pattern of the conductive mesh.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and schematically shows a touch panel device together with an image display mechanism.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the touch panel device of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another example of the conductive mesh shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the number of open regions surrounded by each boundary line segment in the conductive mesh of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a method of designing the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh shown in FIG. 5 and is a diagram showing a method for determining a generating point.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method for designing the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh shown in FIG. 5 and a method for determining a generating point.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method for designing the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh shown in FIG. 5, and is a diagram showing a method for determining a generating point.
- FIGS. 14A to 14E are diagrams for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a touch panel sensor.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 for explaining a modification of the touch panel device.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 and illustrating a modified example of the touch panel sensor.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another modified example of the touch panel sensor.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 and is a diagram for explaining still another modification of the touch panel sensor.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 and is a diagram for explaining still another modification of the touch panel sensor.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 and is a diagram for explaining still another modification of the touch panel sensor.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a problem during etching.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional photograph of an electrode observed with a reflection electron microscope.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the touch panel sensor of the touch panel device.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view for explaining an example of a mesh pattern in the conductive mesh of the touch panel sensor.
- the touch panel device 20 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is configured as a projection-type capacitive coupling method, and is configured to be able to detect a contact position of an external conductor (for example, a human finger) to the touch panel device. .
- an external conductor for example, a human finger
- the detection sensitivity of the capacitively coupled touch panel device 20 is excellent, it is possible to detect which region of the touch panel device the external conductor is approaching just by approaching the external conductor. Can do.
- the “contact position” used here is a concept including an approach position that is not actually in contact but can be detected.
- the touch panel device 20 is used in combination with an image display mechanism (for example, a liquid crystal display device) 12, and constitutes a display device 10.
- the illustrated image display mechanism 12 is configured as a flat panel display as an example, more specifically as a liquid crystal display device.
- the image display mechanism 12 includes a liquid crystal display panel 15 that forms the display surface 12a, a backlight 14 that illuminates the liquid crystal display panel 15 from the back, and a display control unit 13 that is connected to the liquid crystal display panel 15. Yes.
- the liquid crystal display panel 15 includes a display area A1 that can display an image, and a non-display area (also referred to as a frame area) A2 that is disposed outside the display area A1 so as to surround the display area A1. Yes.
- the display control unit 13 processes information related to the video to be displayed and drives the liquid crystal display panel 15 based on the video information.
- the liquid crystal display panel 15 displays a predetermined image on the display surface 12a according to a control signal from the display control unit 13. That is, the image display mechanism 12 plays a role as an output device that outputs information such as characters and drawings as video.
- the liquid crystal display panel 15 has a pair of polarizing plates 16 and 18 and a liquid crystal cell 17 disposed between the pair of polarizing plates 16 and 18.
- a functional layer 19 is provided on the light output side of the polarizing plate 18 disposed on the light output side.
- the functional layer 19 is a layer expected to exhibit a specific function, and forms the most light emitting side surface of the image display mechanism 12, that is, the display surface 12a.
- the functional layer 19 can be a low refractive index layer that functions as an antireflection layer (AR layer).
- AR layer antireflection layer
- Other examples of the functional layer 19 include an antiglare layer (AG layer) having an antiglare function, and a hard coat layer (HC layer) having scratch resistance instead of or in addition to the antireflection layer. ), One or more antistatic layers (AS layers) having an antistatic function, and the like.
- the polarizing plates 16 and 18 have a function of decomposing incident light into two orthogonal polarization components, transmitting the polarization component in one direction, and absorbing the polarization component in the other direction orthogonal to the one direction. It has a polarizer.
- the light incident side (backlight side) polarizing plate 16 is referred to as a lower polarizing plate
- the light output side (observer side) polarizing plate 18 is referred to as an upper polarizing plate.
- the liquid crystal cell 17 has a pair of support plates and a liquid crystal disposed between the pair of support plates.
- an electric field can be applied to each region where one pixel is formed. Then, the orientation of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell 17 to which an electric field is applied changes.
- the polarization component of a specific direction (direction parallel to the transmission axis) transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 16 disposed on the light incident side has a polarization direction of 90 when passing through the liquid crystal cell 17 to which an electric field is applied. Rotate and maintain the polarization direction when passing through the liquid crystal cell 17 to which no electric field is applied.
- the polarized light component in a specific direction transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 16 further passes through the upper polarizing plate 18 disposed on the light output side of the lower polarizing plate 16, or It is possible to control whether the light is absorbed and blocked by the upper polarizing plate 18.
- the backlight 14 includes a light source and irradiates light in a planar shape.
- a known surface light source device configured as an edge light type (side light type) or a direct type can be used.
- the light source may be a known light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), a cold cathode tube, an incandescent lamp, or an organic EL.
- the touch panel device 20 includes a stacked body 20 a including the touch panel sensor 30 and a detection control unit 21 connected to the touch panel sensor 30.
- the stacked body 20 a including the touch panel sensor 30 is disposed at a position facing the display surface 12 a of the image display mechanism 12.
- the touch panel device 20 is configured as a projected capacitively coupled touch panel device, and plays a role as an input device for inputting information.
- the stacked body 20 a of the touch panel device 20 includes a cover layer 28, an adhesive layer 25, a first touch panel sensor 31, in order from the viewer side, that is, the side opposite to the image display mechanism 12.
- the adhesive layer 24, the second touch panel sensor 32, and the low refractive index layer 23 are included. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the touch panel device 20 includes two touch panel sensors 30.
- the cover layer 28 is a translucent layer that functions as a dielectric, and is formed of, for example, glass or a resin film.
- the cover layer 28 functions as an input surface (touch surface, contact surface) to the touch panel device 20. That is, information can be input from the outside to the touch panel device 20 by bringing a conductor such as a human finger 5 into contact with the cover layer 28. Further, the cover layer 28 forms the most observer side of the display device 10 and functions as a cover for protecting the touch panel device 20 and the image display mechanism 12 from the outside in the display device 10.
- the cover layer 28 is bonded to the first touch panel sensor 31 via the adhesive layer 25. Further, the first touch panel sensor 31 is joined to the second touch panel sensor 32 through the adhesive layer 24.
- the adhesive layer 24 and the adhesive layer 25 function as a dielectric between the electrodes 40 of the first touch panel sensor 31 and the second touch panel sensor 32 and a conductor that contacts the cover layer 28, for example, a human finger 5.
- layers made of materials having various adhesive properties can be used. In the present specification, “adhesion (layer)” is used as a concept including adhesion (layer).
- the low refractive index layer 23 provided on the image display mechanism 12 side of the second touch panel sensor 32 is a layer expected to function as an antireflection layer (AR layer). According to the low refractive index layer 23, it is possible to prevent light that forms an image from the image display mechanism 12 from being reflected on the surface of the touch panel device 20 on the image display mechanism 12 side and becoming stray light. Can do. Note that the low refractive index layer 23 can be replaced with an antireflection layer having a moth-eye structure including a large number of minute protrusions, or can be omitted. Furthermore, the laminated body 20a of the touch panel device 20 can be bonded to the display surface 12a of the image display mechanism 12 via an adhesive layer or the like. In this case, the low refractive index layer 23 is not necessary.
- the laminated body 20a of the touch panel device 20 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be provided with other functional layers expected to exhibit a specific function.
- one functional layer may exhibit two or more functions.
- a base material 35 described later of the touch panel sensor 30 and other layers included in the laminate 20a (each base material and an adhesive layer) ) May be given a function.
- functions that can be imparted to the laminate 20a of the touch panel device 20 include an anti-glare (AG) function, a hard coat (HC) function having scratch resistance, an antistatic (AS) function, an electromagnetic wave shielding function, and an anti-magnetic wave function.
- a dirty function can be exemplified.
- the detection control unit 25 of the touch panel device 20 is connected to the touch panel sensor 30 and processes information input via the cover layer 28. Specifically, the detection control unit 25 can specify the contact position of the conductor 5 with the cover layer 28 when the conductor (typically a human finger) 5 is in contact with the cover layer 28.
- the circuit (detection circuit) comprised in this is included.
- the detection control unit 25 is connected to the display control unit 13 of the image display mechanism 12 and can transmit the processed input information to the display control unit 13. At this time, the display control unit 13 can create video information based on the input information and cause the image display mechanism 12 to display a video corresponding to the input information.
- Capacitive coupling method and “projection type” capacitive coupling method have the same meaning as that used in the technical field of touch panels, and are used in this case.
- the “capacitive coupling” method is also referred to as “capacitance” method or “capacitance coupling” method in the technical field of touch panels. It is treated as a term synonymous with the “capacitive coupling” method.
- a typical capacitive coupling type touch panel device includes an electrode (conductor layer), and an external conductor (typically a human finger) comes into contact with the touch panel, whereby the external conductor and the touch panel device are connected.
- a capacitor (capacitance) is formed between the electrode (conductor layer). Based on the change in the electrical state accompanying the formation of the capacitor, the position coordinates of the position where the external conductor is in contact on the touch panel are specified (position detection).
- the touch panel sensor 30 has a sheet-like base material 35 and an electrode 40 provided on the base material 35.
- the electrode 40 is provided on the surface of one side (observer side) of the substrate 35.
- first touch panel sensor 31 and a second touch panel sensor 32 includes a first touch panel sensor 31 and a second touch panel sensor 32.
- the first touch panel sensor 31 and the second touch panel sensor 32 have different arrangement patterns of the electrodes 40. Only the others can be configured identically.
- the components of the touch panel sensor 30 that are the same between the first touch panel sensor 31 and the second touch panel sensor 32 can be configured without distinguishing the first touch panel sensor 31 and the second touch panel sensor 32. Will be described.
- the base material 35 supports the electrode 40 and functions as a dielectric in the touch panel sensor 30.
- the base film 32 includes an active area Aa1 corresponding to a region where the touch position can be detected, and an inactive area Aa2 adjacent to the active area Aa1.
- the active area Aa1 of the touch panel sensor 30 occupies an area facing the display area A1 of the image display mechanism 12.
- the non-active area Aa2 is formed in a frame shape so as to surround the rectangular active area Aa1 from the four sides.
- the inactive area Aa2 is formed in a region facing the non-display region A2 of the image display mechanism 12.
- the electrode 40 has an extraction electrode 45 used for position detection and a detection electrode 50 connected to the extraction electrode 45.
- a detection electrode 50 capable of forming capacitive coupling with the outer conductor 5 is provided in the active area Aa1 of the base material 35, and the detection electrode 50 is provided in the inactive area Aa2 of the base material 35.
- An extraction electrode 45 connected to 50 is provided.
- the base material 35 is transparent or translucent so that the image of the image display mechanism 12 can be observed through the active area Aa1.
- the substrate 35 preferably has a transmittance in the visible light region of 80% or more, and more preferably 84% or more.
- the transmittance of the substrate 35 can be measured according to JIS K7361-1 (plastic-transparent material total light transmittance test method).
- the base material 35 can be made of, for example, glass or a resin film that can function as a dielectric.
- resin film various resin films used as the base material of the optical member can be suitably used.
- an optically isotropic film having no birefringence typically a film made of a cellulose ester typified by triacetylcellulose can be used as the substrate 35.
- an optically isotropic film having no birefringence can also be used as the substrate 35.
- a polyester film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that is inexpensive and excellent in stability can be used as the substrate 35. Polyester films have the advantage that they are less hygroscopic and less likely to be deformed even in high temperature and high humidity environments.
- Optical anisotropy of substrate By the way, when the touch panel sensor 30 and the touch panel device 20 are used in combination with the image display mechanism 12 in which image light forming an image is a specific polarization component, as shown in the illustrated example, a representative example is a polyester film.
- the optically anisotropic film to be used is used as the base material 35, there may be a problem that unevenness of different colors (hereinafter also referred to as “Nizimura”) is visually recognized.
- the optically anisotropic base material 35 having birefringence has a retardation of 6000 nm or more in total, thereby making Nidzira effectively inconspicuous. .
- this point will be described in detail.
- the cover layer 28 located on the viewer side of the image display mechanism 12 the use of the optically anisotropic film described here is effective for invisibility of Nijimura.
- the retardation of the substrate 35 is preferably 6000 nm or more from the viewpoint of invisibility of Nizimura.
- the upper limit of the retardation of the substrate 35 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 30000 nm. This is because when the retardation of the base material 35 exceeds 30000 nm, the improvement effect of the azimuth no longer can be seen even if the retardation is increased, and the thickness of the base material 35 tends to increase. Further, from the standpoint of both prevention of azimuth and thinning, the retardation of the substrate 35 is more preferably 10,000 to 20,000 nm.
- the retardation (Re) is used, the refractive index in the direction most refractive index is larger in the plane of the substrate 35 (slow axis direction) and (n x), direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction (Susumu).
- the refractive index (n y ) in the phase axis direction) and the thickness (d) of the substrate 35 are expressed by the following formula (Equation 1).
- Retardation (Re) (n x ⁇ n y ) ⁇ d (Equation 1)
- the retardation value can be measured, for example, using a KOBRA-WR manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments under the conditions of a measurement angle of 0 ° and a measurement wavelength of 548.2 nm.
- n x -n y (hereinafter also referred to as ⁇ n) is preferably 0.05 or more. This is because if the ⁇ n is less than 0.05, a sufficient inhibitory effect on azimuth may not be obtained. Moreover, since the film thickness required in order to obtain the retardation value mentioned above becomes thick, it is not preferable. A more preferable lower limit of the ⁇ n is 0.07.
- the resin material constituting the optically anisotropic substrate 35 is not particularly limited as long as the above-described retardation conditions are satisfied.
- a polyester resin, a polyolefin resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, Selected from the group consisting of polyurethane resins, polyether sulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polysulfone resins, polyether resins, polyether ketone resins, (meth) acrylonitrile resins, and cycloolefin resins Is preferably used.
- the method for obtaining the optically anisotropic base material 35 is not particularly limited as long as the above-described retardation is satisfied.
- the base material 35 is made of a polyester film
- the material polyester is melted to form a sheet.
- Examples of the method for controlling the retardation of the transparent substrate produced by this method to 6000 nm or more include a method of appropriately setting the draw ratio, the drawing temperature, and the film thickness of the produced transparent substrate.
- the higher the stretching ratio, the lower the stretching temperature, and the thicker the film the easier it is to obtain high retardation.
- the thickness of the substrate 35 is appropriately determined according to the constituent material and the like, but is preferably in the range of 20 to 500 ⁇ m. If it is less than 20 ⁇ m, the retardation of the substrate 35 may not be 6000 nm or more, and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties becomes remarkable, and tearing, tearing, etc. are likely to occur, and the practicality as an industrial material is significantly reduced. There are things to do. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the substrate is very rigid, the flexibility specific to the polymer film is lowered, and the practicality as an industrial material is also lowered, which is not preferable.
- the minimum with more preferable thickness of the said base material is 30 micrometers, a more preferable upper limit is 400 micrometers, and a still more preferable upper limit is 300 micrometers.
- the present inventors have intensively studied, in combination with the image display mechanism 12 formed of a liquid crystal display device, the slow axis of the optically anisotropic substrate 35 of the touch panel sensor 30 and the upper polarization of the image display mechanism 12 are obtained.
- the touch panel sensor 30 and the liquid crystal display panel 15 are preferably positioned so that the angle formed by the absorption axis of the plate 18 is in the range of 0 ° ⁇ 30 ° or 90 ° ⁇ 30 °, and 0 ° More preferably in the range of ⁇ 10 ° or 90 ° ⁇ 10 °, more preferably in the range of 0 ° ⁇ 7 ° or 90 ° ⁇ 7 °, and in the range of 0 ° ⁇ 3 ° or 90 ° ⁇ 3 °.
- the touch panel sensor 30 and the liquid crystal display panel 15 are preferably positioned so that the angle is 0 ° or 90 °.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the optically anisotropic base material 35 of the touch panel sensor 30 and the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate 18 of the image display mechanism 12 is within the above range, so that the occurrence of azimuth is extremely suppressed. It was confirmed that it would be possible.
- the electrode 40 of the touch panel sensor 30 provided on the substrate 35 will be described.
- the electrode 40 includes the detection electrode 50 used for position detection and the extraction electrode 45 connected to the detection electrode 50.
- the electrode 40 is formed of a conductive material, and is electrically connected to a detection circuit of the detection control unit 25 configured to detect a contact position of the outer conductor 5 with the cover layer 28.
- the electrode 40 is arranged in a large number of detection electrodes 50 arranged in the active area Aa ⁇ b> 1 of the base material 35, and in the non-active area Aa ⁇ b> 2 of the base material 35 connected to each detection electrode 50.
- a large number of extraction electrodes 45 is formed of a conductive material, and is electrically connected to a detection circuit of the detection control unit 25 configured to detect a contact position of the outer conductor 5 with the cover layer 28.
- the electrode 40 is arranged in a large number of detection electrodes 50 arranged in the active area Aa ⁇ b> 1 of the base material 35, and in the non-active area Aa ⁇ b> 2 of the base material 35 connected to each detection electrode 50.
- the detection electrodes 50 of the first touch panel sensor 31 are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the surface of one side (observer side) of the base material 35 of the first touch panel sensor 31. Further, the detection electrode 50 of the second touch panel sensor 32 has a pattern different from the detection electrode 50 of the first touch panel sensor 31 on the surface of one side (observer side) of the base material 35 of the second touch panel sensor 32. Has been placed. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the detection electrodes 50 of the first touch panel sensor 31 are linearly arranged in one direction along the sheet surface of the first touch panel sensor 31 when observed macroscopically. It is comprised as a conducting wire (electrical conductor) extending in the direction.
- the detection electrode 50 of the second touch panel sensor 32 when observed macroscopically, is a conducting wire (conductive) extending in a line arranged in the other direction along the sheet surface of the second touch panel sensor 32 intersecting the one direction. Body).
- one direction that is the arrangement direction of the detection electrodes 50 of the first touch panel sensor 31 and the other direction that is the arrangement direction of the detection electrodes 50 of the second touch panel sensor 32 are on the panel surface of the touch panel device 20. At right angles.
- each of the conductive wires forming the detection electrode 50 of the electrode 40 is in a direction intersecting with the arrangement direction (the one direction or the other direction). It extends linearly.
- the detection electrodes 50 extend along a linear direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction.
- each detection electrode 50 of the electrode 40 is connected to a large number of conductive meshes 55 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction and two adjacent conductive members 55.
- a conductive wire 51 extends linearly within the active area Aa ⁇ b> 1 by the conductive mesh 55 and the connecting conductor 51.
- the thin conductive wires 60 are arranged in a mesh pattern that defines a large number of opening regions 71.
- the width of the region where each detection electrode 50 is disposed is thicker in the portion where the conductive mesh 55 is provided.
- Each detection electrode 50 shown in FIG. 3 has a substantially square outer shape in plan view in the conductive mesh 55.
- each detection electrode 50 included in the first touch panel sensor 31 is connected to the second touch panel sensor 32. It intersects with a large number of detection electrodes 50 included.
- the conductive mesh 55 of the first touch panel sensor 31 is disposed on the detection electrode 50 between the intersections of the detection electrodes 50 of the two adjacent second touch panel sensors 32. .
- each detection electrode 50 included in the second touch panel sensor 32 includes a large number of detection electrodes 50 included in the first touch panel sensor 31. It intersects with the detection electrode 50.
- the conductive mesh 55 of the second touch panel sensor 32 is also arranged on the detection electrode 50 between the intersections of the two adjacent first touch panel sensors 31 with the detection electrode 50. Further, in the illustrated example, the conductive mesh 55 of the detection electrode 50 included in the first touch panel sensor 31 and the conductive mesh 55 of the detection electrode 50 included in the second touch panel sensor 32 are a panel of the touch panel device 20. When viewed from the normal direction to the surface (that is, in plan view), they are arranged so as not to overlap.
- the detection electrode 50 included in the first touch panel sensor 31 and the detection electrode 50 included in the second touch panel sensor 32 are The crossing is made only at the connecting conductor 51 of the detection electrode 50.
- the conductive mesh 55 forms a widened portion of the detection electrode 50. As a result, it is possible to detect with high sensitivity the outer conductor 5 (for example, a finger) that is in contact with a certain area of the cover layer 28. On the other hand, since the active area Aa1 where the detection electrode 50 is provided is located on the display area A1 of the image display mechanism 12, it needs to have a certain degree of visible light transparency. Therefore, the conductive mesh 55 ensures visible light transparency by arranging the thin conductive wires 60 formed of a metal material having high conductivity in a mesh pattern.
- the thin conductive wire 60 of the conductive mesh 55 includes a large number of branch points 72.
- the thin conductive wire 60 of the conductive mesh 55 is configured as a collection of a large number of boundary line segments 73 that form branch points 72 at both ends. That is, the thin conductive wire 60 of the conductive mesh 55 is configured as a collection of a large number of boundary line segments 73 extending between the two branch points 72.
- An opening region 71 is defined by connecting the boundary line segment 73 at the branch point 72. In other words, one opening region 71 is defined by being surrounded and divided by the boundary line segment 73.
- the thin conducting wire 60 is configured only by the boundary line segment 73, there is no narrow conducting wire 60 extending into the opening region 71. According to such an aspect, it is possible to effectively realize simultaneous application of sufficient position detection sensitivity and high visible light transmittance to the touch panel sensor 30.
- the inventors of the present invention can make the moire inconspicuous extremely effectively by devising the arrangement pattern of the thin conductive wires 60 in the conductive mesh 55, It has been found that shading unevenness can be made extremely inconspicuous.
- the arrangement pattern in the planar view of the thin conducting wires 60 in the conductive mesh 55 will be described.
- FIG. 5 to 8 are diagrams for explaining an example of the mesh pattern in the conductive mesh 55.
- FIG. In the illustrated conductive mesh 55 in order to prevent the occurrence of moire, there is no linear direction in which the opening regions 71 are arranged at a pitch having repetitive regularity (periodic). As a result of extensive research, the present inventors do not simply make the pattern of the conductive mesh 55 irregular, but there is no direction in which the opening areas 71 of the conductive mesh 55 are arranged at a constant pitch.
- the pattern of the conductive mesh 55 can be defined as moire that can occur when the touch panel sensor 30 having the conductive mesh 55 and the image display mechanism 12 having the pixel arrangement are overlapped, or the conductive mesh. It has been found that it is extremely effective in making moiré that may occur when two touch panel sensors 30 having 55 are overlapped.
- FIG. 6 shows a state where there is no direction in which the opening regions 71 are arranged at a constant pitch, in other words, a state where there is no direction in which the opening regions 71 are regularly arranged. It is a top view for demonstrating the state where the direction arranged with regularity does not exist.
- a single virtual straight line d i facing any direction at any position is selected. This one straight line d i intersects with a boundary line segment 73 forming the thin conducting wire 60 to form an intersection.
- the intersections are shown as intersections C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ,..., C 9 in order from the lower left side of the drawing.
- Adjacent intersections for example, the distance between the intersection C 1 and the intersection C 2 is the is the dimension T 1 of the on linear d i of a certain one of the opening region 71.
- another open area 71 which are adjacent to each other along the straight line d i with respect to the opening area 71 with dimensions T 1 likewise, is determined dimension T 2 of the on linear d i.
- the linear d i any direction at any position, from the boundary line 73 that intersects the straight line d i, for a number of opening regions 71 to encounter any direction of linear d i at an arbitrary position, on the straight line d i T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ,..., T 8 are determined.
- T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ,..., T 8 has no periodicity (regularity). That is, the opening regions 71 are arranged so as not to have regularity along the linear direction d i , T k ⁇ T k + 1 (k: any natural number, l: any natural number) ... Conditional expression (x) It comes to satisfy.
- the T 1, T 2, T 3 , ⁇ , T 8 is the drawing down as easily understandable, drawn separately from the conductive mesh 55 with a straight line d i is there.
- the dimensional T 1 of the respective opening areas A for a virtual straight line d i + 1 of the straight line d i is rotated by an arbitrary angle from those shown in FIG. 6 facing the other direction, T 2, when seeking ...
- the conditional expression (x) is also satisfied in the direction of the straight line d i + 1
- the periodicity (regularity) is satisfied in the dimensions T 1 , T 2 ,. ) Is not seen.
- the opening region 71 satisfies the conditional expression (x) in any direction, there is no direction in which the opening regions 71 are arranged at a constant pitch, or the direction in which the opening regions are regularly arranged. Is not present, there is no direction in which the opening region 71 has a repeating cycle, or the arrangement of the opening regions is not regular.
- making the pattern of the conductive mesh irregular is effective for making the moire invisible.
- the moire cannot always be made sufficiently inconspicuous.
- unevenness in density may occur in the conductive mesh.
- the conductive mesh 55 is configured so that there is no linear direction in which the opening regions 71 (closed circuit) are arranged at a constant pitch, and By imposing a constraint condition on the average number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 as described above, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of moiré and to reduce the occurrence of shading unevenness. It was also possible to prevent it effectively. Such an operational effect can be said to be a remarkable effect that exceeds the expected range from the conventional state of the art that has simply implemented pattern irregularity as invisibility of moire.
- the average number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 is 3.0 or more and less than 4.0.
- the pattern of the conductive mesh 55 is greatly different from the square grid pattern. It can be.
- the average number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 is greater than 3.0 and less than 4.0, a pattern in which regularity is lost from the honeycomb arrangement can be obtained. .
- the arrangement of the opening regions 71 is not suitable. It is possible to make regular and prevent the direction in which the opening regions 71 are arranged with repeating regularity (periodicity) from being stably present, and as a result, moire can be made extremely inconspicuous. Was confirmed to be possible.
- the average number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 is strictly determined by examining the number of boundary line segments 73 extending for all branch points 72 included in the conductive mesh 55. The average value is calculated. However, in actuality, it extends from one branch point 72 in consideration of the size of the opening area 71 per one defined by the thin conducting wire 60 and the like.
- the number of boundary line segments 73 extending with respect to the branch points 72 included in a section having an area expected to reflect the overall tendency of the number of boundary line segments 73 is examined and the average value is calculated. The obtained value may be handled as an average value of the number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 for the conductive mesh.
- the opening area of the opening region 71 is the same as the area of a circle having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m.
- the arrangement of the opening regions 71 in an arbitrary direction within the entire region of the conductive mesh 55 as a target. Will be investigated. However, in practice, a section having an area expected to reflect the overall tendency of the arrangement of the opening regions 71 (for example, the conductive mesh 55 in which the opening region 71 is formed in the above-described dimension example).
- Each direction (for example, as described above) is equally divided at an angle that is expected to reflect a tendency of periodicity in all directions while passing through one point in the center of the 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm portion)
- the arrangement of the opening area 71 is investigated with respect to the direction of every 15 °), and the opening area 71 exists in the direction in which the opening area 71 is regularly arranged. Or not.
- the average number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 is greater than 3.0 and less than 4.0. More specifically, when the number of boundary line segments 73 is confirmed for 387 branch points 72, there are 373 branch points 72 from which three boundary line segments 73 extend, and the other 14 branches. Four boundary line segments 73 extend from the point 72, and the number of boundary line segments (average branch number) extending from one branch point 72 is 3.04.
- the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG. 5 is actually manufactured and placed on a pixel array of a commercially available liquid crystal display device, a striped pattern that can be visually recognized, that is, moire (interference fringes). In addition, light and shade unevenness did not occur.
- the opening area 71 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 73 is most often included. That is, the opening area 71 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 73 is included in the conductive mesh 55 more than the opening area 71 surrounded by the other number of boundary line segments 73. It is.
- Condition (B) The following condition (b1) is satisfied. Preferably, the following condition (b1) and one of conditions (b2) and (b3) are satisfied. More preferably, all of the following conditions (b1), (b2) and (b3) are satisfied.
- B1 An opening region 71 surrounded by five boundary line segments 73, an opening region 71 surrounded by six boundary line segments 73, and seven boundary line segments 73. At least two types of the opening regions 71 are included in the conductive mesh 55, respectively.
- B2 At least one of the area and shape of the plurality of opening regions 71 surrounded by the same number of boundary line segments 73 out of 5, 6, or 7 is not constant.
- a plurality of opening regions 71 surrounded by the five boundary line segments 73 are included, at least two of the plurality of opening regions 71 defined by the five boundary line segments 73 are included.
- the area is defined by the six boundary line segments 73.
- At least two of the plurality of open regions 71 are different from each other in at least one of area and shape, and include a plurality of open regions 71 surrounded by seven boundary line segments 73, At least two of the plurality of opening regions 71 defined by the seven boundary line segments 73 are different from each other in at least one of area and shape. . (B3) A plurality of opening regions 71 surrounded by six boundary line segments 73 are included.
- N k be the number of open regions 71 surrounded by k boundary line segments 73.
- N k is an integer satisfying 3 ⁇ k ⁇ 5, N k ⁇ N k + 1
- N k is an integer satisfying 6 ⁇ k, N k ⁇ N k + 1 It has become. That is, the opening region 71 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 73 is most often included, and as the number of boundary line segments 73 surrounding the opening region 71 increases from six, the opening region 71 As the number of boundary line segments 73 surrounding the number decreases from six, the number of open regions 71 decreases.
- the effects obtained by the conductive mesh 55 satisfying one or more of the above conditions (A) to (C) are: It can be said that this is a remarkable effect that exceeds the range that can be predicted. Details of the reason why such an effect can be obtained by the conductive mesh 55 satisfying one or more of the conditions (A) to (C) are unknown, but the following is the reason. Estimated. However, the present invention is not limited to the following estimation.
- the arrangement of the opening areas 71 is from a honeycomb arrangement in which regular hexagons having the same shape are regularly arranged, and the shape and arrangement of each opening area
- the arrangement in which the regularity is broken in other words, an arrangement in which the shape and arrangement of each opening region are randomized with reference to the honeycomb arrangement can be obtained.
- the arrangement of the opening regions 71 can be made completely irregular, that is, the direction in which the opening regions 71 are regularly arranged can be prevented stably.
- both shading unevenness and moire can be effectively made inconspicuous.
- the conductive mesh 55 having the pattern shown in FIG. 7 was investigated. As shown in FIG. 8, the conductive mesh 55 has four, five, 79, 1141, 2382, 927, 94, and 8 open regions 71 surrounded by the 6, 7, 8, and 9 boundary line segments 73 were included, respectively. Further, the conductive mesh 55 did not include the opening region surrounded by three boundary line segments and the opening region 71 surrounded by ten or more boundary line segments 73. That is, the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG. 7 satisfied all of the conditions (A), (B), and (C). Furthermore, in the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG.
- the opening regions 71 are arranged at a constant pitch, and the average number of boundary line segments extending from one branch point is It was 3.0 or more and less than 4.0.
- the boundary line segment 73 is a straight line segment, the shape of the opening region 71 surrounded by the N boundary line segments 73 is an N-gon.
- the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG. 7 is actually produced and arranged on the pixel array of the image display mechanism 12, a striped pattern that can be visually recognized, that is, moire (interference fringes) and shading unevenness. Did not occur.
- the average of the number of boundary line segments 73 extending from one branch point 72 is greater than 3.0 and less than 4.0, and there is no linear direction in which the open regions 71 are arranged at a constant pitch.
- the method described below includes a step of determining a generating point, a step of creating a Voronoi diagram from the determined generating point, and a boundary segment extending between two Voronoi points connected by one Voronoi boundary in the Voronoi diagram. And determining a mesh pattern of the conductive mesh 55 (thin wire 60) by determining the thickness of the determined path and defining each boundary line segment. .
- each step will be described in order.
- the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG. 5 described above is a pattern actually determined by the method described below.
- the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG. 7 can also be determined by the method described below.
- first generating point a first generating point (hereinafter referred to as “first generating point”) BP1 is arranged at an arbitrary position in the absolute coordinate system OXY.
- second generating point BP2 is arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the first generating point BP1 by a distance r.
- first circumference a position on the circumference of the radius r located on the absolute coordinate system OXY with the first generating point BP1 as the center.
- Two generating points BP2 are arranged.
- the third generating point BP3 is arranged at an arbitrary position away from the first generating point BP1 by the distance r and from the second generating point BP2 by the distance r or more. Thereafter, the fourth generating point is arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the first generating point BP1 by the distance r and from the other generating points BP2 and BP3 by the distance r or more.
- the mother point is arranged at an arbitrary position away from the first mother point BP1 by the distance r and away from the other mother points until the next mother point cannot be arranged. Go. Thereafter, this operation is continued based on the second generating point BP2. That is, the next generating point is arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the second generating point BP2 by the distance r and from the other generating points by the distance r or more. Based on the second generating point BP2, until the next generating point cannot be arranged, it is at an arbitrary position away from the second generating point BP2 by the distance r and from the other generating points by the distance r or more. Place the mother point. Thereafter, the base point as a reference is sequentially changed, and the base point is formed in the same procedure.
- the mother point is arranged until it becomes impossible to arrange the mother point in the region where the conductive mesh 55 is to be formed.
- the step of generating the generating point ends.
- the mother point group irregularly arranged on the two-dimensional plane (XY plane) is uniformly dispersed in the region where the conductive mesh 55 is to be formed.
- the generating point group described here is referred to as a coordinate system having each generating point as an origin (referred to as a relative coordinate system oxy, while a coordinate system defining an actual two-dimensional plane is referred to as an absolute coordinate system O 12 (B), FIG. 12 (C),..., In which all generating points adjacent to the generating point placed on the origin are plotted, are obtained for all generating points. Then, when the graphs of the adjacent generating points on all the relative coordinate systems are displayed with the origin o of each relative coordinate system superimposed, a graph as shown in FIG. 12D is obtained.
- the distribution pattern of adjacent mother point groups on such a relative coordinate system is not a uniform distribution in which the distance between any two adjacent mother points constituting the mother point group is 0 to infinity, but R AVG - ⁇ R To R AVG + ⁇ R (meaning a donut-shaped region from radius R MIN to R MAX ).
- R AVG - ⁇ R To R AVG + ⁇ R meaning a donut-shaped region from radius R MIN to R MAX .
- the distribution of the area of the Voronoi region XA obtained from the generating point group by the method described below and the area of the opening region 71 obtained from the same are also uniform. It is not distributed (completely random) but distributed within a finite range.
- the size of the opening area 71 per one can be adjusted by changing the size of the distance r. Specifically, by reducing the size of the distance r, it is possible to reduce the size of the opening area 71 per one, and conversely, by increasing the size of the distance r, it is possible to reduce the size of each opening region 71. The size of the opening region 71 can be increased.
- a Voronoi diagram is created based on the arranged generating points.
- a Voronoi diagram is a diagram composed of line segments that are drawn at the intersection of two perpendicular bisectors by drawing a perpendicular bisector between two adjacent generating points. is there.
- the line segment of the perpendicular bisector is called a Voronoi boundary XB
- the intersection of the Voronoi boundaries XB forming the ends of the Voronoi boundary XB is called a Voronoi point XP
- a region surrounded by the Voronoi boundary XB is a Voronoi region Called XA.
- each Voronoi point XP forms a branch point 72 of the conductive mesh 55.
- one boundary line segment 73 is provided between two Voronoi points XP forming the end of one Voronoi boundary XB.
- the boundary line segment 73 may be determined so as to extend linearly between the two Voronoi points XP as in the example shown in FIG.
- Various paths for example, circle (arc), ellipse (arc), fence line, hyperbola, sine curve, hyperbolic sine curve, elliptic function curve, Bessel function curve, etc.
- each Voronoi boundary XB defines the boundary line segment 73. It becomes like this.
- the line width (thickness) of each boundary line segment 73 is determined.
- the line width of the boundary line segment 73 is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m for the reason described later. That is, it is preferable that the conductive mesh 55 is determined so as to express desired visible light transmittance and surface resistivity. As described above, the pattern of the conductive mesh 55 can be determined.
- the extraction electrode 45 Next, the extraction electrode 45 will be described. As described above, the electrode 40 has the extraction electrode 45 connected to such a detection electrode 50. One or two extraction electrodes 45 are provided for each of the detection electrodes 50 depending on the detection method of the contact position. Each extraction electrode 45 has an extraction lead 46 connected to the corresponding connection lead 51 of the detection electrode 50 or the thin lead 60 of the conductive mesh 55. As will be described later, the extraction electrode 45 is integrally formed of the same material as that of the detection electrode 50 at least partially in the thickness direction. The extraction electrode 45 extends from the corresponding extraction electrode 50 to the edge of the substrate 35 in the inactive area Aa ⁇ b> 2 of the substrate 35. The extraction electrode 45 is connected at its end to the detection control unit 25 via an external connection wiring (for example, FPC) (not shown).
- FPC external connection wiring
- FIG. 4 shows the touch panel sensor 30 in a cross section along the thickness direction.
- the thickness direction refers to a cross section along the normal direction to the sheet surface (film surface, plate surface, panel surface) of the touch panel sensor 30 having a sheet shape (film shape, plate shape, panel shape).
- the sheet surface film surface, plate surface, panel surface
- the sheet surface is the target sheet shape when the target sheet-like (film shape, plate shape, panel shape) member is viewed as a whole and globally. It refers to the surface that matches the planar direction of the member.
- the base material 35 has a sheet-like shape which has a pair of main surface. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cross section along the thickness direction coincides with the cross section along the normal direction to the surface of the substrate 35.
- the connection conductive wire 51 of the detection electrode 50 also has the same cross-sectional shape as the thin conductive wire 60 except for the width. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the thin conducting wire 60 and the connecting conducting wire 51 that form the detection electrode 50 include a base end surface 66 located on the base 35 side and a flat front end surface 67 disposed to face the base end surface 66. And a pair of side surfaces 68 that connect between the base end surface 66 and the front end surface 67. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the base end face 66 and the front end face 67 are parallel to each other. In the example shown in FIG.
- the thin conducting wire 60 and the connecting conducting wire 51 are positioned on the base material 35 side to form the base end surface 66 and the metal layer 61 to be provided on the metal layer 61 to form the distal end surface 67.
- the metal layer 61 is a layer formed using a metal material having high conductivity, and is, for example, a layer made of copper, aluminum, iron, silver, or an alloy thereof.
- the metal layer 61 made of a metal material exhibits a relatively high reflectance. Therefore, when external light is reflected by the metal layer 61 that forms the detection electrode 50 of the touch panel sensor 30, the image contrast of the image display mechanism 12 observed through the active area Aa1 of the touch panel device 20 is lowered. Therefore, the blackening layer 62 is disposed on the observer side of the metal layer 61. The blackened layer 62 can improve the contrast and improve the visibility of the image displayed by the image display mechanism 12.
- the metal layer 61 may be partially blackened to form a blackened layer 62 made of a metal oxide or metal sulfide from a part of the metal layer 61. Further, the blackening layer 62 may be provided on the metal layer 61, such as a coating film of black material or a plating layer of nickel or chromium. As a specific example, when the metal layer 61 is made of iron, the metal layer 61 is exposed to a steam atmosphere of about 450 to 470 ° C. for 10 to 20 minutes, and an oxide film of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m is formed on the surface of the metal layer 61. (Blackening film) may be formed.
- the metal layer 61 made of iron may be chemically treated with concentrated nitric acid or the like to form an oxide film (blackened film) on the surface of the metal layer 61.
- the metal layer 61 is made of copper
- cathodic electrodeposition in which the metal layer 61 is subjected to cathodic electrolysis treatment in an electrolytic solution made of sulfuric acid, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate, etc., and cationic particles are attached.
- the cationic particles the surface becomes more rough, and at the same time, black is obtained.
- copper particles and alloy particles of copper and other metals can be applied, but copper-cobalt alloy particles are preferable.
- the average particle size of the cationic particles is preferably about 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of black density.
- the blackened layer 62 used here includes not only a blackened layer but also a roughened layer.
- the extraction lead wire 46 of the extraction electrode 45 includes a base end surface 66 located on the base material 35 side, a flat front end surface 67 disposed to face the base end surface 66, and a position between the base end surface 66 and the front end surface 67. And a pair of side surfaces 68 for connecting the two. As shown in FIG. 4, the proximal end surface 66 and the distal end surface 67 of the lead-out conducting wire 46 may be parallel to each other.
- the extraction lead wire 46 of the extraction electrode 45 includes a metal layer 61 in the cross section in the thickness direction.
- the metal layer 61 is integrally formed between the extraction electrode 45 and the detection electrode 50. That is, the electrode 40 includes a metal layer 61 that occupies at least a part of a cross section in an arbitrary thickness direction.
- the extraction electrode 45 is disposed in the non-active area Aa2 facing the non-display area A2 of the image display mechanism 12. Therefore, the extraction lead wire 46 of the extraction electrode 45 does not need to have the blackening layer 62. However, in order to avoid complications such as patterning of the blackened layer 62, the extraction lead wire 46 of the extraction electrode 45 may have the blackened layer 62 similarly to the detection electrode 50. In this case, the blackening layer 62 may be integrally formed between the extraction electrode 45 and the detection electrode 50.
- the electrode 40 is configured to include the metal layer 61 and the blackened layer 62, but is not limited thereto, and in addition to the blackened layer 62 or instead of the blackened layer 62, Another layer may be laminated on the metal layer 61. As another layer which should be laminated
- the width (maximum width) W of the thin conductive wire 60 forming the conductive mesh 55 shown in FIG. 4, that is, the width along the sheet surface of the sheet-like touch panel sensor 30 ( Maximum width) W is set to 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less
- the height (thickness) H along the normal direction is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the thin conductive wire 60 is sufficiently thinned, so that the electrode 40 can be made invisible very effectively.
- the height between the base end face 66 and the front end face 67 that are parallel in the cross-sectional shape is sufficiently high, that is, the aspect ratio (H / W) of the cross-sectional shape of the thin conducting wire 60 is sufficiently large and high. It becomes conductive.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive mesh 55 can be 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the thin conductive wire 60 having such a cross-sectional dimension, the thin conductive wire 60 forming the electrode 40 can be thinned while maintaining the electrode 40 of the touch panel sensor 30 at a low resistance.
- the detection electrode 50 is sufficiently invisible even in combination with high-definition pixels or in combination with pixels arranged in a short pitch of a portable terminal called a tablet.
- high detection accuracy can be exhibited.
- the width W along the sheet surface of the sheet-like touch panel sensor 30 is preferably 5.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of making the electrode 40 invisible.
- the thickness is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the height (thickness) H along the normal direction to the sheet surface of the sheet-like touch panel sensor 30 is preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of stabilizing the manufacturing accuracy of the electrode 40, More preferably, it is 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and from the viewpoint of reducing the surface resistivity, it is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the aspect ratio (H / W) of the cross-sectional shape of the thin wire 60 is preferably 0.04 or more and 2.00 or less, and 0.67 or more and 7. More preferably, it is 00 or less.
- the cross-sectional shape of the thin conducting wire 60 shown in FIG. 4 is tapered, and the width W 2 at the distal end surface 67 is narrower than the width W 1 at the proximal end surface 66.
- the width of the thin conducting wire 60 changes only so as to become narrower from the base end surface 66 side toward the distal end surface 67 side, that is, toward the observer side. More specifically, in the illustrated example, the width of the thin conducting wire 60 continues to decrease from the base end surface 66 side toward the distal end surface 67 side, in other words, toward the observer side. As shown in FIG.
- the difference between the width W 2 in the width W 1 and the distal end surface 67 at the proximal end face 66 is to be preferably at 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and 0.5 ⁇ m or less More preferred.
- the thin conductive wire 60 is produced by patterning using a photolithography technique, erosion due to etching proceeds not only in the depth direction (thickness direction) but also in the lateral direction (plane direction). By this side etching phenomenon, the cross-sectional shape of the thin conducting wire 60 can be changed to a tapered shape shown in FIG.
- the height of the connecting conductor 51 of the detection electrode 50 and the height of the extraction conductor 46 of the extraction electrode 45 are the fine conductors 60 forming the conductive mesh 55 of the detection electrode 50. Is the same as the height.
- the width of the connection conducting wire 51 of the detection electrode 50 can be 5.0 ⁇ m or more
- the width of the extraction conducting wire 46 of the extraction electrode 45 can be 5.0 ⁇ m or more.
- a base material 35 is prepared.
- glass or a resin film can be used as the substrate 35.
- a resin film having optical anisotropy it is preferable to adjust the retardation Re of the resin film to the above-described value from the viewpoint of making the azimuth inconspicuous.
- a metal film 81 that forms the metal layer 61 of the electrode 40 is formed on the substrate 35.
- the metal film 81 is not formed from a metal foil such as a copper foil laminated on a base material via an adhesive layer, but is formed directly on the base material 35 without an adhesive layer. That is, a metal film 81 having a desired thickness is formed on the substrate 35 instead of laminating a metal foil having a specific thickness that can be obtained on the substrate 35.
- various methods such as sputtering, vapor deposition, electroplating, and electroless plating can be employed.
- the height (thickness) H of the electrode 40 is set to 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m, it is preferable to employ vapor deposition when the metal film 81 is formed with a thickness of 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m. .
- a metal film 81 having a thickness of 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m, especially a metal film 81 having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more can be manufactured in a relatively short time and at a low cost.
- a blackening film 82 that forms the blackening layer 62 of the electrode 40 is formed on the metal film 81.
- the surface layer portion of the metal film 81 may be blackened to form the blackened film 82 made of metal oxide or metal sulfide on a part of the metal film 81.
- a blackening film 82 may be provided on the metal film 81 like a coating film of black material or a plating layer of nickel or chromium.
- the metal film 81 and the blackened film 82 on the base material 35 are patterned in a desired pattern by patterning using a photolithography technique. Specifically, first, a resist film 83 is provided on the blackened film 82, and the resist film 83 is patterned by pattern exposure and development (FIG. 14D). Next, the blackened film 82 and the metal film 81 are etched using the patterned resist film 83 as a mask. Thereby, the blackened layer 62 is formed from the blackened film 82, and the metal layer 61 is formed from the metal film 81. In this manner, the electrode 40 including the metal layer 61 and the blackening layer 62 is formed in a desired pattern on the base material 35 (FIG. 14E).
- the touch panel sensor 30 is obtained.
- the detection electrode 50 including the metal layer 61 and the blackening layer 62 and the extraction electrode 45 including the metal layer 61 and the blackening layer 62 are integrally manufactured by the same process. This is preferable in terms of production efficiency.
- the thickness of the etched metal film 81 and the blackened layer 62 can be the same as the thickness of the electrode 40 to be manufactured, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the thinned electrode 40 of about 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m can be produced without causing a large side etching. That is, the metal film 81 and the blackened layer 62 are not too thick with respect to the line width of the thin conducting wire 60 to be formed. Thereby, compared with the case where the metal foil demonstrated with reference to FIG. 21 is used, the erosion location by an etching is not connected under the resist film.
- the electrode 40 (thin conducting wire 60) which is thinned stably and accurately can be produced.
- the cross section in the thickness direction of the formed thin conductive wire 60 can be a desired shape, for example, a shape having a desired aspect ratio.
- the manufacturing method of the touch panel sensor 30 demonstrated here is only an example, and various changes are possible.
- the blackening film 82 may be formed only in the active area Aa1, or the blackening layer 62 in the manufactured non-active area Aa2, particularly the outside of the blackening layer 62 such as an FPC. You may further provide the process of removing the part used as wiring and a connection location. Further, after the metal film 81 is patterned to form the metal layer 61 of the electrode 40, the blackened layer 62 may be formed on the metal layer 61.
- the detection electrode 50 includes the conductor mesh 55 in which the thin conductive wires 60 are arranged in a mesh pattern that defines a large number of opening regions 71.
- the height of the thin conductor 60 of the conductor mesh 55 is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and the width W of the thin conductor 60 is 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thin conductive wire 60 of the conductive mesh 55 includes a base end surface 66 located on the base 35 side, a flat front end surface 67 disposed to face the base end surface 66, and a base end surface 66 and a front end surface 67. And a pair of side surfaces 68 that connect each other.
- the thin conductive wire 60 having such a cross-sectional dimension and shape, the thin conductive wire 60 forming the electrode 40 can be thinned while maintaining the electrode 40 of the touch panel sensor 30 at a low resistance.
- the detection electrode 50 is sufficiently invisible even in combination with pixels with high definition or in combination with pixels arranged in a short pitch of a portable terminal called a tablet.
- high position detection accuracy can be exhibited.
- the base material 35 has in-plane birefringence and the retardation Re of the base material 35 is 6000 nm or more. In this case, even if the image light from the image display mechanism 12 is a specific polarization component, Nizimura can be effectively made inconspicuous.
- the thin conductive wire 60 forming the conductive mesh 55 is formed from a large number of boundary line segments 73 extending between the two branch points 72 and defining the opening region 71.
- the direction in which the average number of boundary line segments 73 extending from two branch points 72 is 3.0 or more and less than 4.0, and the opening regions 71 are arranged at a constant pitch, that is, at a constant repetition pitch. Is not present.
- moire when superimposed with the image display mechanism 12 in which the pixels P are regularly arranged (periodically) or moire when superimposed with another touch panel sensor 30 is effectively inconspicuous. Can do.
- shading unevenness in the conductive mesh 55 can be effectively made inconspicuous.
- the thin conductive wire 60 forming the conductive mesh 55 is formed from a large number of boundary line segments 73 that extend between the two branch points 72 and define the opening region 71.
- the open areas 71 included in the mesh 55 are the largest.
- the moire when superimposed on the image display mechanism 12 in which the pixels P are regularly (periodically) arranged and the moire when superimposed on the other touch panel sensor 30 are effectively made inconspicuous. Can do.
- shading unevenness in the conductive mesh 55 can be effectively made inconspicuous.
- the electrode 40 is formed on the surface of the base member 35 on the observer side, as well shown in FIGS. An example is shown. However. In one or more of the first touch panel sensor 31 and the second touch panel sensor 32, the electrode 40 may be formed on the surface of the base 35 on the image display mechanism 12 side.
- the electrode 40 is provided on the surface of the substrate 35 on the image display mechanism 12 side.
- the stacked body 20 a of the touch panel device 20 includes a cover layer 28, an adhesive layer 25, a first touch panel sensor 31, in order from the viewer side, that is, the side opposite to the image display mechanism 12.
- the adhesive layer 24, the second touch panel sensor 32, the adhesive layer 26, the support layer 27, and the low refractive index layer 23 are included.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a touch panel sensor 30 that can be incorporated in the touch panel device 20 of FIG.
- the touch panel sensor 30 illustrated in FIG. 16 includes a base material 35 and an electrode 40 provided on the base material 35.
- the electrode 40 has a blackened layer 62 that is located on the base 35 side and forms a proximal end surface 66, and a metal layer 61 that is provided on the blackened layer 62 and forms a distal end surface 67. That is, also in the example shown in FIG. 16, the blackening layer 62 is disposed on the observer side of the metal layer 61 as in the above-described embodiment.
- the metal layer 61 and the blackening layer 62 are stacked on the base material 35, and in other points. It can be configured the same as the electrode 40 of the above-described embodiment.
- the blackening layer 62 and the metal layer 61 shown in FIG. 16 can be produced by the various methods described above.
- the blackening layer 62 can be made from nickel or chromium formed by sputtering on the base material 35, or the blackening can be made from a coating film having a dye or pigment applied on the base material 35. Layer 62 can be made.
- the cross-sectional shape along the thickness direction of the electrode 40 is changed from the base end surface 66 side to the front end surface 67 side.
- the example formed in the taper shape which tapers toward is shown, it is not restricted to this.
- the width W 2 at the distal end surface 67 may be larger than the width W 1 at the proximal end surface 66 in the cross-sectional shape of the electrode 40, particularly the thin conducting wire 60.
- the width of the thin conductive wire 60 changes only so as to become narrower from the distal end surface 67 side toward the proximal end surface 66 side, that is, toward the image display mechanism 12 side. is doing. More specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 17, the width of the thin conductive wire 60 continues to decrease from the distal end surface 67 side to the proximal end surface 66 side, in other words, toward the image display mechanism 12 side. Yes.
- the touch panel sensor 30 is incorporated in the display device 10 and the touch panel device 20 with the front end surface 67 facing the viewer side, the touch panel sensor 20 is disposed closer to the viewer side than the metal layer 61.
- the blackened layer 62 can make the metal layer 61 less visible. Thereby, contrast can be improved and the visibility of the image displayed by the image display mechanism 12 can be improved.
- the width of the electrode 40 (thin wire 60) is from the distal end surface 67 side toward the proximal end surface 66 side. In other words, it is not necessary that the width of the electrode 40 (thin wire 60) is changed from the distal end surface 67 side to the proximal end surface 66 side. In other words, it is not necessary to keep changing only to become narrower toward the image display mechanism 12 side.
- the width of the electrode 40 (thin wire 60) of the conductor mesh 55 changes only so as to decrease from the distal end surface 67 toward the proximal end surface 66, and then from the distal end surface 67 side toward the proximal end surface 66. Even if it changes so as to increase, that is, even if it has a reverse taper shape only in the vicinity of the tip surface 67, the blackening layer 62 makes it difficult to effectively observe the metal layer 61 and improves the contrast. It is possible.
- the width of the electrode 40 (the thin conductive wire 60) of the conductor mesh 55 is changed only so as to increase from the distal end surface 67 toward the proximal end surface 66, and then from the distal end surface 67 side to the proximal end surface 66. Even when it changes so as to become smaller, that is, even when it is reversely tapered only in the vicinity of the base end face 66, the blackened layer 62 makes it difficult to effectively observe the metal layer 61, and contrast is increased. It is possible to improve.
- the width W 2 at the distal end surface 67, the width W 1 at the proximal end surface 66, and the thickness H from the proximal end surface 66 to the distal end surface 67 are as follows. It has been found that the formula is preferably satisfied. 1 ⁇ H / ((W 2 ⁇ W 1 ) / 2) ⁇ 2
- “H / ((W 2 ⁇ W 1 ) / 2)” is less than 1, the taper becomes tight and the electrode 40 does not sufficiently adhere to the substrate 35, and the electrode depends on the usage state of the touch panel sensor 30. 40 may be peeled off from the base material 35, and the electrode 40 may be broken.
- “H / ((W 2 ⁇ W 1 ) / 2)” exceeds 2, a decrease in contrast due to reflection on the side surface 68 is recognized.
- the reverse tapered electrode 40 is formed by forming a blackened film 82 made of a metal oxide on the metal film 81 in the above-described manufacturing method described with reference to FIG. It can be produced by etching the metal film 81 and the blackened film 82 through the film 83.
- the blackened film 82 made of an oxide of the metal material is less likely to be eroded by etching. For this reason, lateral erosion due to side etching proceeds more in the metal film 81 than in the blackened film 82.
- the reverse tapered electrode 40 shown in FIG. 17 can be manufactured.
- FIG. 22 shows an example of the electrode 40 formed in a reverse taper shape.
- FIG. 22 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the electrode observed with a reflection electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM reflection electron microscope
- gold is vapor deposited on the surface of the electrode 40 and a part of the surface of the base material.
- This gold vapor deposition layer is provided on the touch panel sensor 10 as a sample for convenience of cross-sectional observation using a transmission microscope, and does not constitute a constituent element of the touch panel sensor 10.
- the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh 55 is similar to the above-described example. It is not limited. Instead of the above-described configuration, a known technique for making moiré and shading unevenness invisible can be applied to the conductive mesh 55 as appropriate. Further, for example, depending on the width of the thin conductive wire 60 forming the conductive mesh 55 and the area occupied by one conductive mesh 55, moire and uneven shading may be difficult to be visually recognized. Therefore, the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh 55 is not limited to the above-described example.
- the thin conductive wires 60 may be arranged in a square lattice arrangement or a honeycomb arrangement.
- each detection electrode 50 may be formed of a single conductive mesh 55 formed in an elongated region.
- the detection electrode 50 is formed from a large number of conductive meshes 55 formed in a stripe-shaped region, and the extraction electrode 45 is connected from the extraction lead wire 46 connected to each conductive mesh 55. Is formed.
- the conductive mesh 55 may be formed in each region that is two-dimensionally arranged in the active area Aa ⁇ b> 1 defined on the base material 35. .
- each conductive mesh 55 is connected to the corresponding extraction lead wire 46 via the connection lead wire 51.
- a single conductive mesh 55 is formed over the entire active area Aa ⁇ b> 1 defined on the base material 35.
- the conductive mesh 55 is connected to the lead-out conductor 46 from the four corners. That is, the touch panel sensor 30 shown in FIG. 19 constitutes a surface-type capacitive touch panel.
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Abstract
Description
基材と、
前記基材に設けられた電極であって、位置検出に用いられる検出電極と、前記検出電極に接続された取出電極と、を含む電極と、を備え、
前記電極は、任意の厚さ方向断面においてその少なくとも一部分を占める金属層を含み、
前記検出電極と前記取出電極との接続箇所において、前記検出電極の金属層および前記取出電極の金属層は、一体的に形成されており、
前記検出電極は、導線が多数の開口領域を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュを含み、前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の高さは0.2μm以上2μm以下であり、前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は1μm以上5μm以下であり、
前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記基材側に位置する基端面と、前記基端面に対向して配置された平坦な先端面と、前記基端面と前記先端面との間を接続する一対の側面と、を有する。
基材と、
前記基材に設けられた電極であって、位置検出に用いられる検出電極と、前記検出電極に接続された取出電極と、を含む電極と、を備え、
前記電極は、任意の厚さ方向断面においてその少なくとも一部分を占める金属層を含み、
前記検出電極と前記取出電極との接続箇所において、前記検出電極の金属層および前記取出電極の金属層は、一体的に形成されており、
前記検出電極は、導線が多数の開口領域を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュを含み、
前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記基材側に位置する基端面と、前記基端面に対向して配置された平坦な先端面と、前記基端面と前記先端面との間を接続する一対の側面と、を有し、
前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は、前記先端面から前記基端面の側に向けて小さくなるように変化する。
基材と、
前記基材に設けられた電極であって、位置検出に用いられる検出電極と、前記検出電極に接続された取出電極と、を含む電極と、を備え、
前記電極は、任意の厚さ方向断面においてその少なくとも一部分を占める金属層を含み、
前記検出電極と前記取出電極との接続箇所において、前記検出電極の金属層および前記取出電極の金属層は、一体的に形成されており、
前記検出電極は、導線が多数の開口領域を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュを含み、
前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記基材側に位置する基端面と、前記基端面に対向して配置された平坦な先端面と、前記基端面と前記先端面との間を接続する一対の側面と、を有し、
前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は、前記先端面よりも前記基端面において狭くなっている。
図1および図2に示すように、タッチパネル装置20は、画像表示機構(例えば液晶表示装置)12とともに組み合わせられて用いられ、表示装置10を構成している。図示された画像表示機構12は、一例としてフラットパネルディスプレイ、より具体的には液晶表示装置として構成されている。画像表示機構12は、表示面12aを形成する液晶表示パネル15と、液晶表示パネル15を背面から照明するバックライト14と、液晶表示パネル15に接続された表示制御部13と、を有している。液晶表示パネル15は、映像を表示することができる表示領域A1と、表示領域A1を取り囲むようにして表示領域A1の外側に配置された非表示領域(額縁領域とも呼ばれる)A2と、を含んでいる。表示制御部13は、表示されるべき映像に関する情報を処理し、映像情報に基づいて液晶表示パネル15を駆動する。液晶表示パネル15は、表示制御部13の制御信号により、所定の映像を表示面12aに表示するようになる。すなわち、画像表示機構12は、文字や図等の情報を映像として出力する出力装置として役割を担っている。
次に、タッチパネル装置20について説明する。タッチパネル装置20は、タッチパネルセンサ30を含む積層体20aと、タッチパネルセンサ30に接続された検出制御部21と、を有している。タッチパネルセンサ30を含む積層体20aは、画像表示機構12の表示面12aの対面する位置に配置されている。上述したように、タッチパネル装置20は、投影型容量結合方式のタッチパネル装置として構成されており、情報を入力する入力装置としての役割を担っている。
また、第1タッチパネルセンサ31は、接着層24を介して第2タッチパネルセンサ32と接合されている。接着層24および接着層25は、第1タッチパネルセンサ31及び第2タッチパネルセンサ32の電極40と、カバー層28に接触する導体、例えば人間の指5と、の間で誘電体として機能する。このような接着層24および接着層25としては、種々の接着性を有した材料からなる層を用いることができる。なお、本明細書において、「接着(層)」は粘着(層)をも含む概念として用いる。
次に、タッチパネルセンサ30について、詳述する。図2および図3に示すように、タッチパネルセンサ30は、シート状の基材35と、基材35上に設けられた電極40と、を有している。図2に示された例において、電極40は、基材35の一方の側(観察者側)の面上に設けられている。
基材35は、電極40を支持し、且つ、タッチパネルセンサ30において誘電体として機能する。図1および図3に示すように、基材フィルム32は、タッチ位置を検出され得る領域に対応するアクティブエリアAa1と、アクティブエリアAa1に隣接する非アクティブエリアAa2と、を含んでいる。図1に示すように、タッチパネルセンサ30のアクティブエリアAa1は、画像表示機構12の表示領域A1に対面する領域を占めている。一方、非アクティブエリアAa2は、矩形状のアクティブエリアAa1を四方から周状に取り囲むように、言い換えると、額縁状に形成されている。この非アクティブエリアAa2は、画像表示機構12の非表示領域A2に対面する領域に形成されている。
ところで、タッチパネルセンサ30およびタッチパネル装置20を、図示された例のように、画像を形成する画像光が特定の偏光成分となっている画像表示機構12と組み合わせて使用する場合、ポリエステルフィルム等に代表される光学異方性フィルムを基材35として用いると、色の異なるムラ(以下、「ニジムラ」とも呼ぶ)が視認されるといった不具合が生じてしまうことがある。この点について本件発明者らが鋭意研究を重ねたところ、複屈折性を有する光学異方性基材35が、合計6000nm以上のリタデーションを有することにより、ニジムラを効果的に目立たなくすることが確認された。以下、この点について詳細に説明する。なお、画像表示機構12の観察者側の位置するカバー層28についても、ここで説明する光学異方性フィルムを用いることが、ニジムラの不可視化に有効である。
リタデーション(Re)=(nx-ny)×d ・・・(数1)
このリタデーションの値は、例えば、王子計測機器製KOBRA-WRを用いて、測定角0°および測定波長548.2nmの条件にて、測定することができる。
次に、基材35上に設けられたタッチパネルセンサ30の電極40について説明する。
上述したように、電極40は、位置検出に用いられる検出電極50と、検出電極50に接続された取出電極45と、を有している。
第1タッチパネルセンサ31の検出電極50は、第1タッチパネルセンサ31の基材35の一方の側(観察者側)の面上に所定のパターンで配置されている。また、第2タッチパネルセンサ32の検出電極50は、第2タッチパネルセンサ32の基材35の一方の側(観察者側)の面上に、第1タッチパネルセンサ31の検出電極50とは異なるパターンで配置されている。より具体的には、図3に示すように、第1タッチパネルセンサ31の検出電極50は、マクロ的に観察すると、第1タッチパネルセンサ31のシート面に沿った一方向に並べて配列された線状に延びる導線(導電体)として構成されている。一方、第2タッチパネルセンサ32の検出電極50は、マクロ的に観察すると、前記一方向と交差する第2タッチパネルセンサ32のシート面に沿った他方向に並べて配列された線状に延びる導線(導電体)として構成されている。図示された例では、第1タッチパネルセンサ31の検出電極50の配列方向である一方向と、第2タッチパネルセンサ32の検出電極50の配列方向である他方向とは、タッチパネル装置20のパネル面上において直交している。
導電性メッシュ55は、検出電極50の拡幅された部分を形成している。これにより、カバー層28の或る程度の広さを持った領域内に接触する外部導体5(例えば、指)を、感度よく検出することが可能となる。その一方で、検出電極50が設けられるアクティブエリアAa1は、画像表示機構12の表示領域A1上に位置するので、有る程度の可視光透過性を有している必要がある。そこで、導電性メッシュ55は、高導伝率の金属材料を用いて形成された細導線60を、メッシュパターンにて配置することにより、可視光透過性を確保している。
ところで、タッチパネルセンサ30と重ねて配置される画像表示機構12の表示領域A1には、画像を形成するための画素が規則的に配列されている。したがって、画素配列を有する画像表示機構12に導電性メッシュ55を有したタッチパネルセンサ30が積層されると、画素の規則的(周期的)パターンと導電性メッシュ55の開口領域71の配列パターンとに起因した縞状の模様、すなわちモアレが視認される可能性がある。加えて、開口領域71の密度バラツキに起因した濃淡のムラが視認される可能性もある。モアレや濃淡ムラの不可視化対策として、種々の方法が知られており、既知の手法を導電性メッシュ55に適宜適用することができる。
そして、T1,T2,T3,・・・・・・,T8の数値の並びには、周期性(規則性)が存在しない。すなわち、開口領域71は、直線方向diに沿って規則性を持たないように並べられ、
Tk≠Tk+l(k:任意の自然数、l:任意の自然数)
・・・条件式(x)
を満たすようになっている。なお、図6では、このT1,T2,T3,・・・・・・,T8は、判り易い様に図面下方に、直線diと共に導電性メッシュ55とは分離して描いてある。
(b1)5本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた開口領域71、6本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた開口領域71および7本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた開口領域71の少なくとも二種類が、それぞれ複数、導電性メッシュ55に含まれている。
(b2)5本、6本または7本のうちの同一本数の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた複数の開口領域71の面積および形状の少なくとも一方が一定ではない。すなわち、5本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた複数の開口領域71が含まれている場合に、当該5本の境界線分73によって画成されている複数の開口領域71の少なくとも二つが面積および形状の少なくとも一方において互いに異なり、且つ、6本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた複数の開口領域71が含まれている場合に、当該6本の境界線分73によって画成されている複数の開口領域71の少なくとも二つが面積および形状の少なくとも一方において互いに異なり、且つ、7本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた複数の開口領域71が含まれている場合に、当該7本の境界線分73によって画成されている複数の開口領域71の少なくとも二つが面積および形状の少なくとも一方において互いに異なる。
(b3)6本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた開口領域71が、複数含まれている。
kが3≦k≦5を満たす整数の場合に、Nk≦Nk+1
kが6≦kを満たす整数の場合に、Nk≧Nk+1
となっている。すなわち、6本の境界線分73によって周囲を取り囲まれた開口領域71が最も多く含まれ、開口領域71を取り囲む境界線分73の本数が6本から多くなっていくにつれて、且つ、開口領域71を取り囲む境界線分73の本数が6本から少なくなっていくにつれて、開口領域71の数量が少なくなっていく。
次に、取出電極45について説明する。上述したように、電極40は、このような検出電極50に連結された取出電極45を有している。取出電極45は、検出電極50の各々に対し、接触位置の検出方法に応じて一つまたは二つ設けられている。各取出電極45は、対応する検出電極50の接続導線51または導電性メッシュ55の細導線60に接続された取出導線46を有している。取出電極45は、後述するように、厚さ方向に少なくとも一部分において、検出電極50と同一の材料から一体的に形成されている。取出電極45は、基材35の非アクティブエリアAa2内を、対応する取出電極50から基材35の端縁まで延びている。取出電極45は、その端部にて、図示しない外部接続配線(例えば、FPC)を介し、検出制御部25に接続される。
次に、電極40の断面形状について説明する。図4は、厚さ方向に沿った断面において、タッチパネルセンサ30が示されている。ここで厚さ方向とは、シート状(フィルム状、板状、パネル状)からなるタッチパネルセンサ30のシート面(フィルム面、板面、パネル面)への法線方向に沿った断面のことを指す。また、シート面(フィルム面、板面、パネル面)とは、対象となるシート状(フィルム状、板状、パネル状)の部材を全体的かつ大局的に見た場合において対象となるシート状部材の平面方向と一致する面のことを指す。そして、本実施の形態においては、基材35が一対の主表面を有するシート状の形状を有している。したがって、本実施の形態では、厚さ方向に沿った断面とは、基材35の表面への法線方向に沿った断面と一致する。
次に、以上に説明してきたタッチパネルセンサ30の製造方法の一例について、図14を主に参照しながら、説明する。
以上のような本実施の形態によれば、検出電極50は、細導線60が多数の開口領域71を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュ55を含んでいる。この導電体メッシュ55の細導線60の高さは0.2μm以上2μm以下であり、細導線60の幅Wは1μm以上5μm以下である。そして、導電性メッシュ55の細導線60は、基材35側に位置する基端面66と、基端面66に対向して配置された平坦な先端面67と、基端面66と先端面67との間を接続する一対の側面68と、を有している。このような断面寸法および形状を有した細導線60によれば、タッチパネルセンサ30の電極40を低抵抗に維持しながら、当該電極40をなす細導線60を細線化することができる。細線化した細導線60によれば、高精細化された画素との組み合わせにおいて、或いは、タブレットと呼ばれる携帯端末の短ピッチ配列された画素との組み合わせにおいても、検出電極50を十分に不可視化しながら、高い位置検出精度を発揮することができる。
なお、上述した実施の形態に対して様々な変更を加えることが可能である。以下、図面を参照しながら、変形の一例について説明する。以下の説明および以下の説明で用いる図面では、上述した実施の形態と同様に構成され得る部分について、上述の実施の形態における対応する部分に対して用いた符号と同一の符号を用いることとし、重複する説明を省略する。
1≦H/((W2-W1)/2)≦2
「H/((W2-W1)/2)」が1未満となると、テーパがきつくなり、電極40が基材35へ十分に密着しなくなり、タッチパネルセンサ30の使用状況如何によっては、電極40が基材35から剥がれ、さらには、電極40に断線が生じてしまう可能性がある。一方、「H/((W2-W1)/2)」が2を超えると、側面68での反射に起因したコントラストの低下が認識されるようになった。
Claims (15)
- 基材と、
前記基材に設けられた電極であって、位置検出に用いられる検出電極と、前記検出電極に接続された取出電極と、を含む電極と、を備え、
前記電極は、任意の厚さ方向断面においてその少なくとも一部分を占める金属層を含み、
前記検出電極と前記取出電極との接続箇所において、前記検出電極の金属層および前記取出電極の金属層は、一体的に形成されており、
前記検出電極は、導線が多数の開口領域を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュを含み、前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の高さは0.2μm以上2μm以下であり、前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は1μm以上5μm以下であり、
前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記基材側に位置する基端面と、前記基端面に対向して配置された平坦な先端面と、前記基端面と前記先端面との間を接続する一対の側面と、を有する、タッチパネルセンサ。 - 前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記金属層の前記基材とは反対側に設けられて前記先端面を形成する黒化層を、さらに含む、請求項1に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記金属層の前記基材側に設けられて前記基端面を形成する黒化層を、さらに含む、請求項1または2に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は、前記先端面から前記基端面に向け、前記先端面から前記基端面までの間において、小さくなるようにのみ変化する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は、前記先端面から前記基端面の側に向けて小さくなるようにのみ変化し、その後、前記先端面の側から前記基端面まで大きくなるようにのみ変化する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 前記メッシュパターンは、二つの分岐点の間を延びて前記開口領域を画成する多数の境界線分から形成され、
前記メッシュパターンにおいて、一つの分岐点から延び出す境界線分の数の平均が、3.0以上4.0未満であり、且つ、前記開口領域が一定のピッチで並べられている方向が存在しない、請求項1に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。 - 一つの分岐点で接続される境界線分の数の前記平均が3.0より大きい、請求項6に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 一つの分岐点で接続される境界線分の数の前記平均が3.0である、請求項6に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 前記メッシュパターンは、二つの分岐点の間を延びて前記開口領域を画成する多数の境界線分から形成され、
前記メッシュパターンに含まれた前記開口領域のうち、6本の境界線分によって周囲を取り囲まれた開口領域が、最も多い、請求項1に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。 - 一つの分岐点で接続される境界線分の数の前記平均が3.0より大きい、請求項9に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 一つの分岐点で接続される境界線分の数の前記平均が3.0である、請求項9に記載のタッチパネルセンサ。
- 請求項1に記載のタッチパネルセンサを含むタッチパネル装置。
- 請求項1に記載のタッチパネルセンサ、或いは、請求項12に記載のタッチパネル装置を含む、表示装置。
- 基材と、
前記基材に設けられた電極であって、位置検出に用いられる検出電極と、前記検出電極に接続された取出電極と、を含む電極と、を備え、
前記電極は、任意の厚さ方向断面においてその少なくとも一部分を占める金属層を含み、
前記検出電極と前記取出電極との接続箇所において、前記検出電極の金属層および前記取出電極の金属層は、一体的に形成されており、
前記検出電極は、導線が多数の開口領域を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュを含み、
前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記基材側に位置する基端面と、前記基端面に対向して配置された平坦な先端面と、前記基端面と前記先端面との間を接続する一対の側面と、を有し、
前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は、前記先端面から前記基端面の側に向けて小さくなるように変化する、タッチパネルセンサ。 - 基材と、
前記基材に設けられた電極であって、位置検出に用いられる検出電極と、前記検出電極に接続された取出電極と、を含む電極と、を備え、
前記電極は、任意の厚さ方向断面においてその少なくとも一部分を占める金属層を含み、
前記検出電極と前記取出電極との接続箇所において、前記検出電極の金属層および前記取出電極の金属層は、一体的に形成されており、
前記検出電極は、導線が多数の開口領域を画成するメッシュパターンにて配置されている導電体メッシュを含み、
前記導電性メッシュの前記導線は、前記基材側に位置する基端面と、前記基端面に対向して配置された平坦な先端面と、前記基端面と前記先端面との間を接続する一対の側面と、を有し、
前記導電体メッシュの前記導線の幅は、前記先端面よりも前記基端面において狭くなっている、タッチパネルセンサ。
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KR102008047B1 (ko) | 2019-08-06 |
US20150177876A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
JP2014016944A (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
KR20170057466A (ko) | 2017-05-24 |
US20170177121A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
US9983754B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
US10416826B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
US20190346947A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
CN104428738A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
US20200110489A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
US9639219B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
CN104428738B (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
JP5224203B1 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
US20180246600A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
TWI584163B (zh) | 2017-05-21 |
KR20150017380A (ko) | 2015-02-16 |
US10521063B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
TW201423511A (zh) | 2014-06-16 |
US10901563B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
KR102006089B1 (ko) | 2019-07-31 |
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