TWI749144B - 混合後迴聲消除系統及方法 - Google Patents

混合後迴聲消除系統及方法 Download PDF

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TWI749144B
TWI749144B TW107101212A TW107101212A TWI749144B TW I749144 B TWI749144 B TW I749144B TW 107101212 A TW107101212 A TW 107101212A TW 107101212 A TW107101212 A TW 107101212A TW I749144 B TWI749144 B TW I749144B
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路瑟弗 尚恩 威爾斯
馬修 T 亞伯拉罕
約翰 凱西 吉伯斯
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美商舒爾獲得控股公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M9/00—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
    • H04M9/08—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic
    • H04M9/082—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic using echo cancellers
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    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
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    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
    • G10L21/0216—Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
    • G10L21/0232—Processing in the frequency domain
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/56—Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities
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    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
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    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
    • G10L21/0216—Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
    • G10L2021/02161—Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed
    • G10L2021/02166—Microphone arrays; Beamforming

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Abstract

本發明提供迴聲消除系統及方法，該等迴聲消除系統及方法可自一混合器之輸出消除且抑制迴聲，該混合器已混合來自諸如麥克風等複數個聲源之音訊信號。該等麥克風可能已諸如在一會議環境中自一遙遠位置或遠端擷取語音及聲音。該迴聲消除可基於來自一混合器之一混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號收集之資訊及一遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號。該等系統及方法可係運算高效型且資源友好型的。

Description

混合後迴聲消除系統及方法
本申請案大體而言係關於在混合來自複數個聲源(諸如在一會議系統中所使用之麥克風)之音訊信號之後執行之迴聲消除。特定而言，本申請案係關於用於自一混合器之輸出消除且抑制迴聲同時高效地利用運算資源之系統及方法。
會議環境(諸如會議廳、會議場景等)可涉及使用用於擷取來自音訊源之聲音之麥克風及用於呈現來自一遙遠位置(亦被稱為一遠端)之音訊之揚聲器。舉例而言，一會議室中之人可正在與一遙遠位置處之人進行一電話會議。通常，來自會議室之語音及聲音可由麥克風擷取並傳輸至遙遠位置，而來自遙遠位置之語音及聲音可被接收且經由會議室中之揚聲器播放。可在會議室中使用多個麥克風以便最佳地擷取語音及聲音。 然而，麥克風可捕捉到來自遙遠位置經由揚聲器播放之語音及聲音。在此情況中，傳輸至遙遠位置之音訊可因此包含一迴音，亦即來自會議室之語音及聲音以及來自遙遠位置之語音及聲音。若不進行校正，則傳輸至遙遠位置之音訊可因此由於此迴音而係低品質或不可接受的。特定而言，遙遠位置處之人不希望聽到其自己之語音及聲音。 現有迴音消除系統可針對多個麥克風中之每一者而利用一迴聲消除器，且隨後一混合器可混合並處理每一已消除迴音之麥克風信號。然而，此等類型之系統可係運算密集型的且複雜的。舉例而言，可需要進行單獨且專用處理來對每一麥克風信號執行迴聲消除。此外，若混合器係動態的(亦即，混合器頻道中之一或多者上之增益隨時間改變)，則放置於一混合器之後的一典型迴聲消除器將因需要持續地重新適應由混合器產生之混合信號而效果不佳。 因此，需要解決此等擔憂之迴聲消除系統及方法。更特定而言，需要消除且抑制迴聲且與已混合多個聲源之音訊之一混合器協作同時係運算高效型且資源友好型的迴聲消除系統及方法。
本發明意欲藉由提供經設計以進行以下操作及其他操作之迴聲消除系統及方法來解決上述問題：(1)基於來自一混合器之一混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號收集之資訊及一遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號；(2)藉由基於比較一背景誤差功率與一隱藏誤差功率而選擇執行一正規化最小均方演算法之一背景濾波器、一隱藏濾波器及一混合濾波器之各種分接頭係數來產生經迴音消除混合音訊信號；及(3)當背景濾波器與隱藏濾波器尚未收斂時，使用一非線性處理器來依據該經迴音消除混合音訊信號而產生一迴音抑制混合音訊信號。 在一實施例中，一種系統包含：一記憶體；複數個聲源；一混合器，其與該複數個聲源及該記憶體進行通信；及一迴聲消除器，其與該混合器、該記憶體及一遙遠音訊信號進行通信。該複數個聲源可各自經組態以產生一音訊信號。該混合器可經組態以以混合來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號以產生一混合音訊信號。該迴聲消除器可經組態以基於該混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號收集之資訊及該遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號。 在另一實施例中，一種方法包含：自複數個聲源中之每一者接收一音訊信號；接收一遙遠音訊信號；使用一混合器混合來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號以產生一混合音訊信號；及使用一迴聲消除器基於該混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號收集之資訊及該遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號。 依據以下詳細說明及附圖，將明瞭且更全面地理解此等及其他實施例以及各種排列及態樣，以下詳細說明及附圖陳述指示其中可採用本發明之原理之各種方式之說明性實施例。
以下說明根據本發明之原理闡述、圖解說明且例示本發明之一或多項特定實施例。提供此說明並非將本發明限於本文中所闡述之實施例，而是以以下方式闡釋且教示本發明之原理：使得熟習此項技術者能夠理解此等原理，且在所述理解之情況下能夠應用此等原理以不僅實踐本文中所闡述之實施例，而且實踐根據此等原理可想到之其他實施例。本發明之範疇意欲涵蓋可在字面上或在等效內容之原則下歸屬於所附申請專利範圍之範疇內之所有此等實施例。 應注意，在說明及圖式中，相似或實質上類似元件可利用相同元件符號來標示。然而，有時可利用不同數字標示此等元件，例如在其中此標示會促進一更清楚說明之情形中。另外，本文中所陳述之圖式未必按比例繪製，且在某些例項中比例可被放大以更清楚地繪示特定特徵。此類標示及圖式實踐未必暗指基礎實質目的。如上所述，本說明書意欲被視為一個整體且根據如本文中所教示的本發明之原理解釋且被熟習此項技術者理解。 本文中所闡述之迴聲消除系統及方法可基於來自一混合器之一混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之音訊信號收集之資訊及一遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號，同時係運算高效型且資源友好型的。該等系統及方法可不需要針對每一聲源(例如，麥克風)皆使用單獨迴聲消除器，同時維持單獨迴聲消除器之消除優點。此外，經減小運算負荷可允許使用更少的昂貴硬體(例如，處理器及/或DSP)，及/或使得通信系統100中包含其他特徵。可透過使用通信系統100及迴聲消除器112來提高使用者滿意度。 圖1係用於在一環境中使用麥克風102擷取來自音訊源之聲音且使用一揚聲器104呈現來自一遙遠位置之音訊之一通信系統100之一示意圖。圖2係通信系統100中所包含之迴聲消除器112之一示意圖。通信系統100可使用迴聲消除器112來產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號，迴聲消除器112處理來自一混合器106之一混合音訊信號。經迴音消除混合音訊信號可減弱自遙遠位置接收經由揚聲器104播放之聲音。以此方式，可在遙遠位置處之人不會聽見其自己之語音及聲音之不期望迴音的情況下將經迴音消除混合音訊信號傳輸至遙遠位置。 舉例而言，諸如會議室等環境可利用通信系統100來促進與遙遠位置處之人之通信。麥克風102之類型及其在一特定環境中之放置可取決於音訊源之位置、實體空間要求、美感、房間佈局及/或其他考量。舉例而言，在某些環境中，可將麥克風放置於一接近音訊源之桌子或講臺上。舉例而言，在其他環境中，可將麥克風安裝在高處以擷取來自整個房間之聲音。通信系統100可與任何類型及任何數目之麥克風102協作。通信系統100中所包含之各種組件可使用可由一或多個伺服器或電腦(諸如具有一處理器及記憶體之一運算裝置)執行之軟體來實施，及/或藉由硬體(例如，離散邏輯電路、特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、可程式化閘陣列(PGA)、現場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA))等實施。 圖3至圖5圖解說明用於利用通信系統100及迴聲消除器112之方法之實施例。特定而言，圖3圖解說明用於使用通信系統100來執行迴聲消除之一程序300，圖4圖解說明用於在迴聲消除器112中運行一背景濾波器202及一隱藏濾波器204之一方法324，且圖5圖解說明在迴聲消除器112中有條件地運行一非線性處理器212之一方法312。通常，根據實施例之一電腦程式產品包含其中含有電腦可讀程式碼之一電腦可用儲存媒體(例如，標準隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、一光碟、一通用串列匯流排(USB)驅動器等)，其中該電腦可讀程式碼經調適以由一處理器(例如，與一作業系統協作)執行以實施下文所闡述之方法。就此而言，程式碼可以任何所要語言實施，且可實施為機器碼、組合語言碼、位元組碼、可解譯碼原始碼等(例如，經由C、C++、Java、Actionscript、Objective-C、Javascript、CSS、XML及/或其他)。 參考圖1，通信系統100可包含麥克風102、揚聲器104、一混合器106、一開關108、一記憶體110、迴聲消除器112、快速傅立葉變換(FFT)模組114、116、118及一逆快速傅立葉變換模組120。麥克風102中之每一者可偵測環境中之聲音且將該聲音轉換成一音訊信號。在實施例中，來自麥克風102之某些或所有音訊信號可由一波束成形器(未展示)處理以產生一或多個經波束成形音訊信號，如此項技術中已知。因此，雖然系統及方法在本文中被闡述為使用來自麥克風102之音訊信號，但預期系統及方法亦可利用任何類型之聲源，諸如由一波束成形器產生之經波束成形音訊信號。 混合器106可接收來自麥克風102中之每一者之音訊信號(諸如，在圖3中所展示之程序300之步驟318處)以產生一混合音訊信號(諸如，在步驟326處)。混合器106所產生之混合音訊信號可符合一所要音訊混合，使得來自特定麥克風之音訊信號得以強調且來自其他麥克風之音訊信號不予強調或被抑制。在共同讓與之專利美國專利第4,658,425號及美國專利第5,297,210號中揭示了音訊混合器之例示性實施例，上述專利中之每一者以其全文引用方式併入。諸如在步驟328處，可使用一快速傅立葉變換模組116將在步驟326處產生之混合音訊信號轉換成頻域。 同時，可藉由快速傅立葉變換模組114將來自麥克風102中之每一者之音訊信號轉換成頻域，諸如在步驟320處。舉例而言，在步驟322處，可藉由一信號選擇機構(諸如，一開關108)選擇並傳遞此等經轉換音訊信號中之一者。信號選擇機構可收集關於每一聲源(或聲源子組)之資訊(例如來自麥克風102之音訊信號或經波束成形音訊信號)，以便將對所有聲源之一混合之調適最佳化。雖然圖1中圖解說明一開關108，但涵蓋其他信號選擇機構，諸如一第二混合器，其可藉由使來自其他麥克風102之某些或所有音訊信號衰減來選擇來自一特定麥克風102之音訊信號。 可由開關108選擇來自麥克風102之音訊信號中之每一者且繼而進行處理，使得一背景濾波器202及一隱藏濾波器204 (在迴聲消除器112中)一次對音訊信號中之一者起作用。開關108可能夠在一特定持續時間內對來自麥克風102之音訊信號中之每一者進行調適，使得通信系統100可適當地執行迴音消除，而不論混合器106之類型、混合器106之當前狀態如何或混合器106是否正經歷一狀態改變。在步驟324處，迴聲消除器112中之背景濾波器202及隱藏濾波器204可處置選定音訊信號。下文關於圖4更詳細地闡述步驟324。 圖4闡述用於在迴聲消除器112中運行一背景濾波器202及一隱藏濾波器204之步驟324之一實施例之進一步細節。背景濾波器202可係一有限脈衝回應濾波器，其對選定音訊信號運行一正規化最小均方演算法(諸如，在步驟402處)，且可產生環境中之一麥克風m 之一樣本n 之脈衝回應之一估計值
Figure 02_image001
。背景濾波器202亦可量測選定音訊信號之一背景誤差功率(background error power)，諸如在步驟404處。背景濾波器202可具有用於按比例調節一系列有限延遲分接頭之分接頭係數
Figure 02_image003
。可根據以下方程式藉由背景濾波器202量測選定音訊信號之一背景誤差e[n] ：
Figure 02_image005
其中d[n]係音訊信號，x [n]係來自一遙遠音訊信號之樣本之一向量，且
Figure 02_image007
表示一共軛轉置運算。可基於背景誤差e[n] 、諸如藉由使用背景誤差平方之量值之一時間平均值而量測背景誤差功率。 隱藏濾波器204可係一有限脈衝回應濾波器，其在步驟406處處置一遙遠音訊信號及由背景濾波器202形成之迴音路徑脈衝回應之一先前未加權估計值。未加權之先前估計值對應於一混合濾波器208 (下文所闡述)內之選定音訊信號之一未加權部分。隱藏濾波器204可(諸如，在步驟408處)藉由自選定音訊信號減去遙遠音訊信號來量測選定音訊信號之一隱藏誤差。可基於隱藏誤差、諸如藉由使用隱藏誤差平方之量值之一時間平均值而量測一隱藏誤差功率。隱藏濾波器204可具有用於按比例調節一系列有限延遲分接頭之分接頭係數
Figure 02_image003
。 可在步驟410處藉由一誤差比較模組206比較在步驟404處量測之背景誤差功率與在步驟408處量測之隱藏誤差功率。誤差比較模組206可在步驟410處判定背景誤差功率是否大於隱藏誤差功率。若在步驟410處判定背景誤差功率大於隱藏誤差功率，則程序324可繼續至步驟412。在步驟412處，可選擇背景濾波器202之分接頭係數並將其儲存於一記憶體110中。在步驟414處，可自記憶體110複製自步驟412儲存之分接頭係數且使用該等分接頭係數來替換隱藏濾波器204之分接頭係數。亦可在步驟414處自記憶體110複製自步驟412儲存之分接頭係數且使用該等分接頭係數來更新混合濾波器208之分接頭係數，如下文更詳細地闡述。 在步驟414之後，程序324可繼續至步驟416。另外，若在步驟410處判定背景誤差功率不大於隱藏誤差功率，則程序324可繼續至步驟416。在步驟416處，可判定混合器106之一頻道比例因數a 是否已改變。混合器106之頻道比例因數可自動地或手動地(例如，藉由一使用者調整)改變。若在步驟416處混合器106之頻道比例因數已改變，則程序324可繼續至步驟418。在步驟418處，可對應於已改變之頻道比例因數而更新混合濾波器208之分接頭權重，諸如藉由加上一權重差乘以一頻道脈衝回應估計值，如下文更詳細地闡述。 在步驟418之後，程序324可繼續至步驟420。另外，若在步驟416處判定混合器106之頻道比例尚未改變，則程序324可繼續至步驟420。在步驟420處，可根據以下方程式更新背景濾波器202之分接頭係數：
Figure 02_image010
其中α係一步長參數，*表示一複共軛運算，且
Figure 02_image016
表示一
Figure 02_image018
範數。然後，程序324可返回至程序300且特定而言返回至步驟308，如下文所闡述。 返回至圖3之程序300，雖然自麥克風102接收音訊信號且在程序300之步驟318至328及程序324之步驟402至420中進行處理，但可自一遙遠位置(亦即一遠端)接收一遙遠音訊信號，諸如步驟302。可經由環境中之揚聲器104輸出遙遠音訊信號，諸如在步驟304處。在步驟306處，亦可使用一快速傅立葉變換模組118將遙遠音訊信號轉換成頻域。在此時，可看到迴聲消除器112可自混合器106接收混合音訊信號，自開關108接收選定音訊信號，且自遙遠位置(遠端)接收遙遠音訊信號。如先前所闡述，來自混合器106之混合音訊信號、來自開關108之選定音訊信號及遙遠音訊信號中之每一者可已由各別FFT模組114、116、118轉換成頻域。因此，迴聲消除器112可在頻域中操作，使得更快地且以高品質執行迴聲消除。 在步驟308處，迴聲消除器112可運行一混合濾波208。混合濾波208可係麥克風102之所有音訊信號之有限脈衝回應之一加權總和
Figure 02_image022
，使得：
Figure 02_image024
其中am 係一特定麥克風102之頻道比例(權重或增益)。混合濾波器208處理自遠端接收到之遙遠音訊信號且產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號，該經濾波遙遠音訊信號係在混合器之輸出處產生之迴音信號之一估計值。特定而言，混合濾波模擬由麥克風102偵測到之迴音路徑與混合器106之間的耦合。 如先前所闡述，若在步驟410處背景誤差功率大於隱藏誤差功率，則在程序324之步驟414處，可由背景濾波器之分接頭係數更新混合濾波器208之分接頭係數。當此發生時，可藉由以下方程式給出下一樣本n+1 之加權總和
Figure 02_image028
：
Figure 02_image030
其中m’ 係一特定麥克風102之選定音訊信號。 亦如先前所闡述，若在步驟416處混合器106之頻道比例因數已改變，則在程序324之步驟418處可更新混合濾波器208之分接頭權重。當此發生時，可藉由加上權重差乘以頻道脈衝回應估計值
Figure 02_image034
執行該更新。特定而言，可藉由以下方程式給出下一樣本n+1 之加權總和
Figure 02_image037
：
Figure 02_image039
於在步驟308處混合濾波器208產生經濾波遙遠音訊信號之後，程序300可繼續至步驟310。在步驟310處，迴聲消除器112可產生經迴音消除混合音訊信號。特定而言，可自來自混合器106之混合音訊信號減去由混合濾波器208產生之經濾波遙遠音訊信號，如圖2中所展示之求和點214所表示。在步驟312處，可取決於來自混合濾波器208之經濾波遙遠音訊信號與自求和點214輸出之經迴音消除混合音訊信號之所估計殘餘迴音功率的同調性，而藉由一非線性處理器處理經迴音消除混合音訊信號。下文關於圖5闡述步驟312之細節。 圖5闡述用於在迴聲消除器112中運行一非線性處理器212以產生一迴音抑制混合音訊信號之步驟312之一實施例之進一步細節。特定而言，於在步驟310處產生經迴音消除混合音訊信號之後，如必要可判定是否執行非線性處理器212以進一步抑制任何迴音並產生舒適雜訊(例如，合成背景雜訊)。可(舉例而言)在以下情況中運行非線性處理器212：當僅存在來自遙遠位置(遠端)之語音及聲音時，及當背景濾波器202及隱藏濾波器204尚未收斂時。 在步驟502處，可藉由混合估計器210量測來自混合濾波器208之經濾波遙遠音訊信號之輸出同調性。輸出同調性係經濾波遙遠音訊信號與來自麥克風102之音訊信號之含頻量之間的關係之一量測。混合估計器210可在求和點214處之迴音消除之前及在求和點214處之迴音消除之後依據混合器106之輸出而量測同調性。若同調性係高的，則信號可被視為在頻域中係相關的。可在步驟504處藉由混合估計器210估計自求和點214輸出之經迴音消除混合音訊信號之殘餘迴音功率。若(1)輸出同調性大於一預定臨限值(例如，表明麥克風102中僅存在一迴音信號)；或(2)殘餘迴音功率大於來自混合器106之混合音訊信號之功率之一半，則在步驟508處，非線性處理器212可處理經迴音消除混合音訊信號以產生一迴音抑制混合音訊信號。在步驟508之後，程序312可繼續至程序300之步驟314。然而，若此等條件皆不滿足，則程序312可自步驟506繼續至程序300之步驟314。 返回至圖3，在步驟314處，可將(1)在步驟310處產生之經迴音消除混合音訊信號(若未在步驟312處執行非線性處理器212)或(2)在步驟508處產生之迴音抑制混合音訊信號(若在步驟312處執行了非線性處理器212)轉換成時域。在步驟316處，可將所得經迴音消除或經迴音抑制音訊信號傳輸至遙遠位置(遠端)。程序300可返回至步驟322以選擇並傳遞來自麥克風102之音訊信號中之另一者以供在步驟324及308至316處進行處理，如先前所闡述。以此方式，當產生經迴音消除或經迴音抑制音訊信號時，可利用來自於來自該複數個麥克風102中之每一者之音訊信號之資訊。 圖中之任何程序說明或方塊應被理解為表示模組、分段或程式碼部分，該等程式碼部分包含用於實施程序中之具體邏輯功能或步驟之一或多個可執行指令，且替代實施方案包含於本發明之實施例之範疇內，其中功能可不以來自所展示或所論述之次序的次序執行，取決於所涉及之功能性而包含實質上同時執行或以相反次序執行，如熟習此項技術者將理解。 本發明意欲闡釋如何更改及使用根據本技術之各種實施例而非限制其真實、預期及清楚之範疇及精神。前述說明並不意欲係詳盡的或限於所揭示之精確形式。鑒於以上教示，修改及變化係可能的。挑選並闡述實施例以提供對所闡述之技術之原理及其實際應用之最佳說明，且使得熟習此項技術者能夠在各種實施例中且以如適於所涵蓋之特定用途之各種修改利用本技術。當根據清楚地、合法地且公正地授予的範圍加以解釋時，如同可在本專利申請案及其全部等效內容之申請期間修訂，所有此些修改及變化均在如由所附申請專利範圍所確定的實施例的範圍內。
100‧‧‧通信系統102‧‧‧麥克風104‧‧‧揚聲器106‧‧‧混合器108‧‧‧開關110‧‧‧記憶體112‧‧‧迴聲消除器114‧‧‧快速傅立葉變換模組116‧‧‧快速傅立葉變換模組118‧‧‧快速傅立葉變換模組120‧‧‧逆快速傅立葉變換模組202‧‧‧背景濾波器204‧‧‧隱藏濾波器206‧‧‧誤差比較模組208‧‧‧混合濾波器210‧‧‧混合估計器212‧‧‧非線性處理器214‧‧‧求和點
圖1係根據某些實施例的包含一迴聲消除器之一通信系統之一示意圖。 圖2係根據某些實施例的用於圖1之通信系統中之一迴聲消除器之一示意圖。 圖3是圖解說明用於根據某些實施例使用圖1之通信系統執行迴聲消除之操作之一流程圖。 圖4係圖解說明根據某些實施例用於使用圖1之通信系統來運行一背景濾波器及一隱藏濾波器同時執行迴聲消除之操作之一流程圖。 圖5係圖解說明根據某些實施例用於使用圖1之通信系統來運行一非線性處理器以產生一迴音抑制混合音訊信號之操作之一流程圖。
100‧‧‧通信系統
102‧‧‧麥克風
104‧‧‧揚聲器
106‧‧‧混合器
108‧‧‧開關
110‧‧‧記憶體
112‧‧‧迴聲消除器
114‧‧‧快速傅立葉變換模組
116‧‧‧快速傅立葉變換模組
118‧‧‧快速傅立葉變換模組
120‧‧‧逆快速傅立葉變換模組

Claims (22)

  1. 一種迴聲消除系統，其包括：(A)一記憶體；(B)複數個聲源，其各自經組態以產生一音訊信號；(C)一混合器，其與該複數個聲源及該記憶體進行通信，該混合器經組態以將來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號混合以產生一混合音訊信號；及(D)一迴聲消除器，其與該混合器、該記憶體及一遙遠音訊信號進行通信，該迴聲消除器經組態以基於該混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號收集之資訊及該遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號。
  2. 如請求項1之系統：其進一步包括與該複數個聲源及該迴聲消除器進行通信之一信號選擇機構，該信號選擇機構經組態以選擇來自該複數個聲源中之至少一者之至少一個音訊信號並將該至少一個選定音訊信號傳遞至該迴聲消除器；其中該迴聲消除器進一步經組態以基於該混合音訊信號、自該至少一個選定音訊信號收集之資訊及該遙遠音訊信號而產生該經迴音消除混合音訊信號。
  3. 如請求項1之系統，其中該迴聲消除器包括：一背景濾波器，其具有背景濾波器分接頭係數且經組態以使用一正 規化最小均方演算法來量測來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號之一背景誤差功率；一隱藏濾波器，其具有隱藏濾波器分接頭係數且經組態以基於來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號及該遙遠音訊信號而量測來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號之一隱藏誤差功率；及一誤差比較模組，其與該背景濾波器及該隱藏濾波進行通信，該誤差比較模組經組態以：比較該背景誤差功率與該隱藏誤差功率；且若該背景誤差功率大於該隱藏誤差功率，則選擇該等背景濾波器分接頭係數並將其儲存於該記憶體中。
  4. 如請求項3之系統，其中該誤差比較模組進一步經組態以：在該背景誤差功率大於該隱藏誤差功率之情況下，自該記憶體複製該等所儲存背景濾波器分接頭係數以替換該等隱藏濾波器分接頭係數。
  5. 如請求項3之系統，其中該背景濾波器經組態以根據以下方程式而量測一背景誤差e[n]：
    Figure 107101212-A0305-02-0017-1
     其中d[n]係該等音訊信號中之一者，x[n]係來自該遙遠音訊信號之樣本之一向量，且†表示一共軛轉置運算；其中基於該背景誤差而估計該背景誤差功率。
  6. 如請求項3之系統，其中該誤差比較模組進一步經組態以根據以下方 程式而更新該等背景濾波器分接頭係數：
    Figure 107101212-A0305-02-0018-2
     其中α係一步長參數，*表示一複共軛運算，且∥．∥表示一l 2範數。
  7. 如請求項1之系統，其中該迴聲消除器進一步包括：一混合濾波器，其具有混合濾波器分接頭係數及分接頭權重，且經組態以對該遙遠音訊信號進行濾波以產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號。
  8. 如請求項3之系統，其中：該迴聲消除器進一步包括一混合濾波器，該混合濾波器具有混合濾波器分接頭係數及分接頭權重，且經組態以對該遙遠音訊信號進行濾波以產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號；且該誤差比較模組進一步經組態以：在該背景誤差功率大於該隱藏誤差功率之情況下，自該記憶體複製該等所儲存背景濾波器分接頭係數以藉由組合當前未被調適之該複數個聲源中之每一者之該等隱藏濾波器分接頭係數與對應於當前被調適之該聲源之最近已更新背景濾波器分接頭係數來更新該等混合濾波器分接頭係數。
  9. 如請求項3之系統，其中：該迴聲消除器進一步包括一混合濾波器，該混合濾波器具有混合濾波器分接頭係數及分接頭權重，且經組態以對該遙遠音訊信號進行濾波以產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號；且該混合濾波器進一步經組態以在該混合器之一頻道比例因數已改變 之情況下，藉由對應於該已改變頻道比例因數、藉由加上權重差乘以一頻道脈衝回應估計值來更新該等分接頭權重而被更新。
  10. 如請求項7之系統，其中該迴聲消除器經組態以藉由自該混合音訊信號減去該經濾波遙遠音訊信號來產生該經迴音消除混合音訊信號。
  11. 如請求項10之系統，其中該迴聲消除器進一步包括：一混合估計器，其與該混合器、該混合濾波器及該經迴音消除混合音訊信號進行通信，該混合估計器經組態以：量測該經濾波遙遠音訊信號之一輸出同調性；且估計該經迴音消除混合音訊信號之一殘餘迴音功率；及一非線性處理器，其經組態以在該輸出同調性超出一預定臨限值之情況下或在該殘餘迴音功率超出該混合音訊信號之一功率之一半之情況下，處理該經迴音消除混合音訊信號以產生一經迴音抑制混合音訊信號。
  12. 一種用於執行迴聲消除之方法，其包括：自複數個聲源中之每一者接收一音訊信號；接收一遙遠音訊信號；使用一混合器混合來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號以產生一混合音訊信號；及使用一迴聲消除器基於該混合音訊信號、自來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號收集之資訊及該遙遠音訊信號而產生一經迴音消除混合音訊信號。
  13. 如請求項12之方法：其進一步包括：使用一信號選擇機構選擇來自該複數個聲源中之至少一者之至少一個選定音訊信號，並將該至少一個選定音訊信號傳遞至該迴聲消除器；其中產生該經迴音消除混合音訊信號包括：基於該混合音訊信號、自該至少一個選定音訊信號收集之資訊及該遙遠音訊信號而產生該經迴音消除混合音訊信號。
  14. 如請求項12之方法，其中產生該經迴音消除混合音訊信號包括：在具有背景濾波器分接頭係數之一背景濾波器中，使用一正規化最小均方演算法量測來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號之一背景誤差功率；使用具有隱藏濾波器分接頭係數之一隱藏濾波器、基於來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號及該遙遠音訊信號而量測來自該複數個聲源中之每一者之該音訊信號之一隱藏誤差功率；比較該背景誤差功率與該隱藏誤差功率；及若該背景誤差功率大於該隱藏誤差功率，則選擇該等背景濾波器分接頭係數並將其儲存於一記憶體中。
  15. 如請求項14之方法，其進一步包括：若該背景誤差功率大於該隱藏誤差功率，則自該記憶體複製該等所儲存背景濾波器分接頭係數以替換該等隱藏濾波器分接頭係數。
  16. 如請求項14之方法，其中：量測該背景誤差功率包括根據以下方程式而量測一背景誤差e[n]：
    Figure 107101212-A0305-02-0021-3
     其中d[n]係該等音訊信號中之一者，x[n]係來自該遙遠音訊信號之樣本之一向量，且†表示一共軛轉置運算；且基於該背景誤差而估計該背景誤差功率。
  17. 如請求項14之方法，其進一步包括根據以下方程式而更新該等背景濾波器分接頭係數：
    Figure 107101212-A0305-02-0021-4
     其中α係一步長參數，*表示一複共軛運算，且∥．∥表示一l 2範數。
  18. 如請求項12之方法，其進一步包括使用具有混合濾波器分接頭係數及分接頭權重之一混合濾波器來對該遙遠音訊信號進行濾波以產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號。
  19. 如請求項14之方法，其進一步包括：使用具有混合濾波器分接頭係數及分接頭權重之一混合濾波器來對該遙遠音訊信號進行濾波以產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號；及在該背景誤差功率大於該隱藏誤差功率之情況下，自該記憶體複製該等所儲存背景濾波器分接頭係數以藉由組合當前未被調適之該複數個聲源中之每一者之該等隱藏濾波器分接頭係數與對應於當前被調適之該聲源 之最近已更新背景濾波器分接頭係數來更新該等混合濾波器分接頭係數。
  20. 如請求項14之方法，其進一步包括：使用具有混合濾波器分接頭係數及分接頭權重之一混合濾波器來對該遙遠音訊信號進行濾波以產生一經濾波遙遠音訊信號；及在該混合器之一頻道比例因數已改變之情況下，藉由對應於該已改變頻道比例因數、藉由加上權重差乘以一頻道脈衝回應估計值更新該等分接頭權重來更新該混合濾波器。
  21. 如請求項18之方法，其中產生該經迴音消除混合音訊信號包括：自該混合音訊信號減去該經濾波遙遠音訊信號。
  22. 如請求項21之方法，其進一步包括：使用一混合估計器來量測該經濾波遙遠音訊信號之一輸出同調性；使用該混合估計器來估計該經迴音消除混合音訊信號之一殘餘迴音功率；及在該輸出同調性超出一預定臨限值之情況下或在該殘餘迴音功率超出該混合音訊信號之一功率之一半之情況下，使用一非線性處理器來處理該經迴音消除混合音訊信號以產生一經迴音抑制混合音訊信號。
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