TW201029175A - Trench-based power semiconductor devices with increased breakdown voltage characteristics - Google Patents

Trench-based power semiconductor devices with increased breakdown voltage characteristics Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201029175A
TW201029175A TW098140380A TW98140380A TW201029175A TW 201029175 A TW201029175 A TW 201029175A TW 098140380 A TW098140380 A TW 098140380A TW 98140380 A TW98140380 A TW 98140380A TW 201029175 A TW201029175 A TW 201029175A
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Taiwan
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region
trench
semiconductor
disposed
component
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TW098140380A
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English (en)
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TWI491037B (zh
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Joseph A Yedinak
Daniel Calafut
Dean E Probst
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Fairchild Semiconductor
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
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  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)

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201029175 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技领r領域】 交互參照相關申請案 此申請案主張2008年12月8曰提出申請的美國臨時專 利申凊案第61/120,818號案的利益,其所有用途的全部内容 以參照的形式被併入本文。 本發明係有關於具有增加崩潰電壓特性之以溝槽為基礎 的功率半導體元件。 發明背景 不範功率半導體元件包括平面閘極M〇SFET電晶體、 垂直閘極MOSFET電晶體、絶緣閘極雙極性電晶體 . (IGBT)、整流器及同步整流器。此等元件之溝槽-閘極之多 樣性的典型實施包含形成於該半導體晶粒之頂面中的一溝 槽陣列,其中每一溝槽依據功率元件的類型而定,由一屏 • 料極及/或-閘極電極填充。該料槽定義㈣應的-臺 面陣列,每-臺面配置於相鄰溝槽之間。依據在該晶粒上 所實施的該元件,各種電極及/或摻雜區配置於該臺面的頂 部。每一臺面及其相鄰的溝槽實施該元件的一小實例,且 該等小實例並行地轉接在-起,以提供整個功率半導體元 件。該整個元件具有-所期望電流穿過該元件的一開啟狀 態、,電流實質上阻擔於該元件中的1閉狀態,及由於施 加於該元件之電流傳導電極之間之過多的關閉狀態電壓而 導致-不期望之電流的流動的1潰狀態。引起崩潰的電 3 201029175 壓被稱為崩潰電壓。每一臺面及其相鄰溝槽受組配以提供 所期望的一組ON狀態特性及崩潰電壓。在設計該臺面及 溝槽時’在實現良好ON狀態特十生、高崩潰電壓與改良轉 換特性之間存在各種取捨。 一典塑的功率半導體晶粒具有定位實施該元件之該陣 列的臺面及溝槽的-主動區域、在該主動區域周圍的一場 終止區域、及可以提供互連體及通道阻絕的一非主動區 域。該場終止區域將在該主動區域周圍的該等電場最小 化’且不打算來傳導電流。理想的是,希望該元件的崩潰 電壓由與該主動區域相關聯之崩潰過程來決定。然而,存 在可能在顯著較低的電壓下發生於該場終止區域及非主動 區域中的各種朋潰過程。此等崩潰過程可被稱為被動崩潰 過程。 在先前技術中做出了極大的努力去設計與該主動區域 相比具有較尚崩潰電壓的場終止區域。然而,此等先前技 術的設計通常達不到此目標,通常需要妥協於增加整體的 晶粒面積及該晶粒的成本。 【發明内容】 本發明之簡單概要 發明人已經發現在以溝槽為基礎的功率元件中可能首 先發生寄生崩肩情況的多個位置。本申請案提供抗衡此等 崩潰情況且增加崩潰電壓之新穎的及發明性的特徵。 在此所述本發明之示範實施例的層面可單獨地或在任 何結合中予以使用。 201029175 圖式的簡單描述 第1圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵的一示範半導 體晶粒的·一俯視圖, 第2圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之左上角的·一放大視圖, 第3圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之左側的一部分的一放大視圖; 第4及5圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體 晶粒之一部分的一第一截面視圖,及在第5圖中為其之一 放大視圖; 第6圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之一變化之一部分的一放大截面視圖; 第7-14圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶 粒及其可能的變化的各種放大截面視圖; 第15圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之另一示範半 導體晶粒的·一俯視圖, 第16-19圖顯示根據本發明,第15圖之該示範半導體 晶粒及其可能的變化的各種放大截面視圖; 第20圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之另一示範半 導體晶粒的一俯視圖; 第21-29圖顯示根據本發明,第20圖之該示範半導體 晶粒及其可能的變化的各種放大截面視圖; 第30圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之另一示範半 導體晶粒的一俯視圖; 5 201029175 第31圖顯示根據本發明,第30圖之該示範半導體晶 粒的一放大截面視圖;以及 第32-34圖顯示根據本發明,包含一溝槽_屏蔽蕭特基 障壁二極體元件的一示範半導體晶粒的各種截面視圖。 I:實施冷式】 本發明之詳細描述 根據本發明之技術將在其後參照附加圖式予以較完整 地描述,其中顯示了本發明的示範實施例。然而,本發明 可以不同的形式來體現’且不應該理解為限制於在此所提 出的該等實施例。相反地,此等實施例被提供使得本揭露 是徹底的及完整的,且將本發明的範圍充分傳達給在該技 藝中具有通常知識者。在圖示中,為了清晰,層及區的厚 度可以被誇張化。相同的參考數字用以表示貫穿該說明書 的相同元件。對於不同的實施例,該等元件可能具有不同 的相互關係及不同的位置。 還應該理解的是,當一層被稱為在另一層或基體“上” 時,其可能直接地在該另一層或基體上,或也可能存在中 間層。還應該理解的是,當諸如—層…區或―基體的一 元件被稱為在另一元件“上”、“連接於,,、“電氣連接於,,、‘‘耦 接於”或“電氣耦接於,,另一元件時,其可能是直接地在該另 一元件上、連接於或耦接於該另—元件,或可能存在一或 多個中間件。對比上’當—元件被稱為“直接在另一元件 或層上”、“直接連接於,,或“直餘接於,,另一元件或層時, 不存在中間元件或層。可以理解的是,該巾請案的申請專 201029175 利範圍可予以修正,以在該原始申請案所提供的支持 來描述該說明書中所述或該等圖中所示的示範關係:下’ 所使用之習語“及/或”包括該等相關聯列表項目之二 匕 的任何及所有結合。 s'夕個
在此所使用的習語僅以說明本發明為目的,且 理解為限制本發明之意義或範圍。如在此說明書中所= 的,除非根據該脈絡明確地指出一特定的情況,一單數= 式可以包括-複數形式。而且’用於此购書巾之詞語“包 含”不會定義該等所提及之形狀、數目、步驟、動作、操^ 構件、元件及/或此等的群組,且不會排除存在或加入一或 多個其他不同的形狀、數目、步驟、操作、構件、元件及/ 或此等之群組,或此等之相加。諸如“在…之上,,、“在上 上方的 在··.下面”、“下方的”等的 在…之下’ 空間相對習語在此可用於簡化描述’以描述在該等圖中所 緣不之-個元件或特徵與另-個(些)元件或特徵的關係。應 理解的是,該等空間相對習語是打算包含除了圖中所述之 方位之外’在使用或操作中該元件的不同方位。例如,如 果將在該等圖中的元件翻轉,描述為在其他元件或特徵“下 面,,或“之下,,或“下方,’的元件將接著定位為在該等其他元件 或特徵之上或上面。因而,該示範習語“在…上面,,可以 包含一上方位及下方位。 ^如本文所使用的,諸如“第第二,,等的習語用以 知述各種構件、元件、區、層及/或部分。然而,顯然的是 X等構件、元件、區、層及/或部分不應該由此等習語來定 7 201029175 義。該等習語僅用於區別一構件、元件、區、層或部分與 另一構件、元件、區、層或部分。因而,將描述的一第一 構件、元件、區、層或部分也可以被稱為一第二構件、元 件、區、層或部分,而不脫離本發明的範圍。 第1圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之一示範半導 體元件100的一俯視圖。元件100包含位於該晶粒中間的 一主動元件區120。在不喪失一般性的情況下,元件區120 可實施一垂直的、溝槽-屏蔽的功率MOSFET元件。如下面 較詳細的描述及顯示,該示範MOSFET元件包含與一臺面 陣列交插的一溝槽陣列、配置於該等溝槽底部的絕緣屏蔽 電極、在該等溝槽中配置於該等屏蔽電極上的絕緣閘極電 極、配置於該等臺面中的源極區、配置於該等源極區上的 源極電極及在該半導體元件之後側所提供的一汲極電極。 元件100更包含配置於元件區120上且電氣耦接於該等源 極電極的一源極金屬層110(也稱為傳導層110),及配置於 傳導層110上且電氣耦接於其而接著電氣耦接於該功率 MOSFET元件之源極區的一源極墊111。源極墊111適用於 接受一外部的連接體,諸如提供一源極電位的一導線結合 或焊料凸塊,且可在每一側具有150微米的尺寸。 在該元件區120之左側及右側的每一側上,元件100 更包含一連接區域150,在此處電氣接觸配置於該等溝槽中 的閘極電極與屏蔽電極。在每一連接區域中,一條傳導材 料(稱為一閘極流道)與元件區120的一側並行地配置且與 其間隔開。該閘極流道與在該等溝槽中的該等閘極電極相 201029175 電氣接觸’但是與交插於該等溝槽之間的該等臺面電氣絕 緣。每n道電氣㈣於位於該晶粒之底部的一閉極 墊H2。4閘極#· U1適用於接受一外部連接體,諸如提供 -閘極電位的1線結合或焊料凸塊。同樣在每一連接區 域15〇中條傳導材料(稱為一屏蔽流道)與該間極流道 並行地齡置讀其_開。料錢道與在該等溝槽中的 該等屏蔽電極相電氣接觸’但是與該臺面之由其覆蓋的部 分電氣絕緣。該等屏蔽流道藉由在該晶粒頂部處之源極傳 導層的〆延伸,電氣耦接於該源極傳導層,或使用一外部 連接體電氣耦接於一屏蔽墊。 一通道阻絕配置於該晶粒的周邊處或附近,且與該等 屏蔽流道及元件區12〇的頂部部分間隔開一間隙。該通道 阻絕是習知的,且可包含覆蓋在一條摻雜半導體區上且與 其相接觸的一金屬隔離環,該條摻雜半導體區形成在該晶 粒之周邊周圍的一環。重點注意的是,晶粒10〇不包含可 能常出現於此間隙中之習知的場終止結構。 第2圖顯示晶粒100之左上角的一放大視圖,且第3 圖顯不沿著該晶粒之左側的一部分的一放大視圖。上面的 該等特徵可較清晰地見於此等圖式中。第2及3圖提供將 在下面所討論之多個截面的參考點。 第4圖是包括主動元件區120及一第一場終止區之晶 粒100的一部分的一截面視圖。晶粒1〇〇包含一 N+摻雜半 導體基體102、配置於半導體基體102上的一或多個磊晶成 長的半導體η-型層1〇4(“磊晶半導體層,’)、配置於磊晶半導 9 201029175 體層104上在該等非主動及第一終止區中的一氧化層 106、配置於該氧化層106上的一電介質層107、在該非主 動區域的左側部分配置於該電介質層107上的一閘極流 道、及配置於該第一場終止區中之電介質層107上的傳導 層110(源極金屬層110)。在該技藝中已知的是,一半導體 區可由一 p-型摻雜劑摻雜為一 p-傳導類型(或“p-型’’)區,或 由一 η-型摻雜劑摻雜為一 η-傳導類型(或“η-型”)區。在元件 區120中,元件100更包含配置於該磊晶半導體層中的多 個溝槽122、及交插於溝槽122之間的多個半導體材料的臺 面130。該電介質層107的部分覆蓋溝槽122的頂部,且該 源極金屬層110延伸至主動元件區120上且與臺面130相 接觸。下面參照第5圖來描述溝槽122及臺面130的結構。 在該第一終止區中,元件100更包含一第一端溝槽222、配 置於該第一端溝槽與元件區120之最左側溝槽122之間的 一第一端臺面230、及配置於第一端溝槽222之左側的一第 二端臺面238。 第5圖是第4圖所示之該第一場終止區及元件區120 的一放大截面視圖。每一溝槽122具有内襯有一電介質層 123的相對側壁、配置於該等側壁之間且在該溝槽之底部附 近的一屏蔽電極124、配置於屏蔽電極124上的一電介質層 125、及配置於該電介質層上且在該等溝槽側壁之間的一閘 極電極126。每一臺面130包含配置於該磊晶半導體層104 中且相鄰於層104之頂面的一 ρ-型井134、配置於ρ-井134 中且相鄰於二個相鄰溝槽122及該磊晶層半導體層104之 201029175 頂面的一對源極(n+型)區136、及配置於p-井134下的一 N-漂移區132。(在此所述的一 p-型井、一 p-型區及一 p摻 雜區依據該討論的脈絡或該申請專利範圍的脈絡而定,可 稱為“一第一傳導類型的一井區”或“一第二傳導類型的一 井區”。)一小溝槽形成於臺面130的中心處,以允許該源 極金屬層110與該等源極區136相電氣接觸,且在增強型 P+摻雜的一小區域135處與該p-井134相電氣接觸。電子 流垂直傳導穿過該元件,從源極區136穿過相鄰於該閘極 氧化層123之p-井134的一反轉區,進一步穿過漂移區 132,且向下至該N+基體102及該汲極接觸,其中在常態 操作條件下,由該溝槽122中之閘極電極126上的電位來 調整該電流量。該等屏蔽電極124電氣地耦接於該源極金 屬層110及源極區136的電位,且屏蔽該p-井免受高電場。 當在該閘極電極126上的電位遭設置以將該元件置於 一關閉狀態時(例如典型地在約零伏特的一電位),在該汲極 電位相對於該源極電位下極高的一崩潰情況期間,仍可以 流過大量電流。在該崩潰情況中,高電場產生於每一臺面 130的一區域中,且此高電場產生突崩載體(電洞及電子)。 在發生此崩潰情況處的電壓被稱為崩潰電壓。該臺面的崩 潰電壓可透過選擇該屏蔽氧化層的厚度、該臺面的寬度及 該N-漂移區132之摻雜度而升高,以致使該N-漂移區132 通常耗盡電子。這致使在關閉狀態條件期間該電場沿著該 臺面之中心線較均勻地予以分佈(例如一正方形的電場外 形),從而減小該峰值電場(且從而增加可以產生突崩載體的 11 201029175 電壓)。該N-漂移區132耗盡電子的情況稱為“電荷平衡情 况。该電荷平衡情況可大體上在該臺面寬度與該N-漂移區 之推雜度的乘積在1χ10η cm·2至lxl013 Cm-2的範圍中 時實現。 理想的是,希望該崩潰電壓由與臺面13〇相關聯的崩 /貝過程來決定。然而,在較低電壓處各種寄生的崩潰機制 發生於該元件的各種場終止區中,且從而將該元件的總崩 /貝電壓„又為,與在臺面13〇中由該崩潰過程所導致之總崩 潰電壓相比一較小的數值。一此電位寄生機制可能發生在 響 電介質層123之薄部分處,該電介質層m之薄部分在根 據先刖技術之一終止區所設計的一元件區120的最外側溝 槽中。在沒有一臺面130緊鄰該薄電介質層123的情況下, . 此4電介質層將暴露於該n型磊晶層的電位下該η型磊 晶層的電位耦接於該汲極電位,且可產生橫跨該薄電介質 層的一大電場,這可能導致在一相對低的電壓下發生一崩 潰。 根據本發明之一特徵透過在該元件區120之該陣列的 ® 主動溝槽122的任—側配置一端溝槽222,來處理此寄生崩 /貝機制。溝槽222具有内襯有一電介質層223的相對側壁、 配置於該等側壁之間且在該溝槽底部的一屏蔽電極124、配 置於屏蔽電極124上的一電介質層125、及配置於電介質層 上且在該等溝槽側壁之間的一閘極電極226。然而,不同於 溝槽122的電介質層123,在沿著閘極電極226之深度測量 時,與沿著面向元件區12〇之溝槽122的側壁相比’電介 12 201029175 質層223沿著面向該n_型磊晶層之側壁較厚。該較厚區在 該圖中由參考數字227來表示。該較厚的電介質減小了在 該電介質層中的電場,且從而增加了其崩潰電壓。溝槽222 可具有與每一溝槽122相同的寬度,且閘極電極226具有 小於閘極電極126的寬度。 該等上面的溝槽222、122及臺面238、230及130在 第3圖的俯視圖中表示為用於第4圖之截面指示線附近。 溝槽及臺面的一相似安排出現於元件區12〇的相對側,在 第2圖之俯視圖中由此等參考數字來表示。儘管該對溝槽 222在該陣列之兩側(例如該陣列的頂部及底部)上界定了 s亥陣列的溝槽122及臺面130,但是其等並未包圍該陣列, 或具有界定該陣列之右側及左侧的部分。也就是說,在溝 槽122及臺面13〇的末端處不存在垂直的終止溝槽。(應理 解的疋溝槽122及臺面130繼續延伸至該閘極流道。)與此 相關的是,元件100不具有配置於溝槽122之末端處的— P-摻雜區。此等每一特徵減小該等場終止區域的大小,且 使°亥主動區域能夠獲得增加及/或該晶粒大小獲得降低。儘 管上面的組態是針對於提供一 MOSFET元件的一元件區 12〇但疋其也可用於其他的元件類型,諸如IGBT元件及 整流器’特別的是存在上述電荷平衡情況的此等元件。 回頭參照第5圖,作為本發明之另一特徵,端溝槽222 之左側的寬廣臺面238可取捨地具有配置於其表面處,緊 鄰於電7丨質層223的- p_型區239。卜型區239可直接地與 任何電位_合且處於—浮動狀態中,或可電氣柄接於該 13 201029175 源極金屬層110及該源極電位(例如其可以是接地的)。在任 一情況下’區239減小在寬廣臺面238之右上角周圍的電 場,以排除此區域作為寄生崩潰機制之一來源。當電氣耦 接於該源極電位時,p_型區239進一步屏蔽電介質223免 受區域227中的該汲極電位。p-型區239可以在製造p-井 134的相同製程期間予以製造。
作為本發明之另一特徵’在該端溝槽222之右側的該 里面230可受組配作為一 p_n二極體,而不是一 M〇SFET 電晶體。對於此’其可包含一 p-井134及增強型p+摻雜區 春 135,但是沒有源極區136。該p_n二極體在元件區12〇之 MOSFET電晶體的常態操作期間,偏壓於—關閉狀態。臺 面230在寬廣臺面238與該第一主動臺面ι3〇之間提供用 於緩衝在寬廣臺面238中來自該第 一主動臺面130之電位 的額外的間隔距離。這使該第一臺面13〇的電氣特性能夠 實質上與該等内部臺面13G的電氣特性相同。 第6圖顯示根據本發明,第丨圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之變化的一部分的一放大截面視圖。在第6圖之該放大 · 截面圖中的特徵與第5圖之放大截面視圖中所示之此等特 徵相同’其中加入了 一額外的溝槽220、電介質層221及屏 蔽電極124。端溝槽220具有内襯有電介質層221的相對侧 壁及配置於該等側壁之間’較佳地從該蟲晶半導體層之頂 5該溝槽之底部附近的一屏蔽電極224。屏蔽電極224 =氣麵接於該源極金屬層11〇,或可處於電氣浮動狀態而假 β又為浮動電位。對於端溝槽222及閘極電極226,屏蔽電 14 201029175 極似提供對該及極電位的額外屏蔽 溝槽220與222之„ 说 印23〇界疋於 與222之門的喜 區239可包括於在溝槽220 之間的臺面23〇’中’或可予以省略。而且,可以使 用配置於臺面230, Φ曰抑、致吏 溝槽222延伸至溝槽咖的 摻雜區234。隨同區234, 4A & Ρ _ Μ ^ 卜播雜區现可包括於溝槽 咖的左側上。-對溝槽22Q在該陣列之 的頂部及底部)上界定該陣列的溝槽122、222及臺面130
230、挪,但是其等並未包圍該陣列,或具有界定該陣列 之右側及左側的部分。此特徵減小了該等場終止區域的大 小,且使社祕域能_得增加及/或該晶粒大小獲得降 低。儘管該上面組態是針對於提供—m〇sfet元件的一元 件區120,但是其也可用於其他元件類型諸如工gbt元件 及整流器’制的是存在上述電荷平衡情況的此等元件。 第7圖顯示沿著第3圖中所定義之切割線所獲得 之在恰相鄰於該元件區120之連接區域15()中的前述溝槽 及臺面的一截面視圖。少量的氧化層1〇6配置於臺面13〇 及230的每一個上,且電介質層1〇7配置於閘極電極126 與226及該下方氧化層106上。該可取捨的端溝槽22〇、賡 蔽電極221及電介質層221以虛線來顯示。對於第4及5 圖所示之截面視圖,並未改變p-摻雜區239相對於其鄰接 元件的組態。 第8圖顯示沿著第3圖所定義之切割線8_8所獲得之 在位於該閘極流道下之連接區域15〇中的前述溝槽及臺面 的一截面視圖。少量的氧化層106配置於臺面13〇及230 15 201029175 的每-個上。閘極電極126及226的頂部藉由—傳導冒口 服電氣地耗接在-起。冒口服藉由氧化層ι〇6的薄
部分與臺面130、230隔離。在典型的實施例中,冒口 i26R 及閘極電極126、226由相同的材料形成,諸如多晶石夕。在 先前的截面視圖中,該冒口 12611予以移除。該金屬閘極流 道在位於閘極電極126及226上的位置處與f 口 12訊相電 氣接觸,其等藉由電介質107的島狀區分離。該等島狀區 可予以省略。該等閘極電極126及226在此點處終止於該 等溝槽中。該可取捨的端溝槽220、屏蔽電極221及電介質 ® 層221以虛線顯示。對於第4及5圖所示之截面視圖,並 未改變P-摻雜區239相對於其鄰接元件的組態。 第9圖顯示沿著第3圖所定義之切割線9-9所獲得之 - 在位於該閘極流道與該屏蔽流道之間的連接區域15〇中的 前述溝槽及臺面的一戴面視圖。僅該等屏蔽電極124及224 出現於溝槽122及222中,其中氧化層106覆蓋其等及該 等臺面130及230。 第10圖顯示沿著第3圖所定義之切割線10-10所獲得 之在連接區域150中的一溝槽122的一截面視圖’其中該 切割線10-10垂直於切割線4-4、7-7、8-8及9-9。閘極電 極126及屏蔽電極124配置於该溝槽中’其中閘極電極126 具有與該閘極流道相電氣接觸的一冒口 126尺,且其中屏蔽 電極124具有與該屏蔽流道相電氣接觸的一冒口部分 124R。電介質層125沿著屏終電極124與閘極電極126之 正對水平的尺寸,配置於其等之間,一電介質層125S沿著 16 201029175 電極124與126之正對側的尺寸,配置於其等之間,且電 介質的一轉角區125C配置於閘極電極126之外側轉角與屏 蔽電極124之内側轉角之間。屏蔽電極124具有配置鄰接 於一電介質材料區123C的一内側轉角,及配置相鄰於一電 介質材料之側層123S的一垂直側。 曲率半徑效應顯者地增加了在緊鄰於屏蔽電極及閘極 電極126之外側轉角之區域中的電場。電介質區U3C的厚 Q 度大體上足以防止該電介質材料的崩潰。然而,在閘極電 極126周圍的電介質區125C及電介質側層125§相當薄, 且可能是該端溝槽222(第8圖所示)崩潰的來源。若包括可 取捨的屏蔽電極224及端溝槽220,則可屏蔽電介質區125€ . 及電介質側層125S免受耦接於半導體層1〇4的汲極電位, 且從而減小在電介質區125C及電介質側層125S中的電 場。由於曲率半徑效應所引起的另一可能的崩潰區域(特別 地對於高電壓元件)出現於屏蔽冒口部分124R之末端處的 • 電介質側層123S中,如在第10圖中由點“A”來表示。透過 將該頂側屏蔽流道金屬(其是一傳導跡線)延伸至電介質側 層123S上且超過該清槽122末端一距離L1,可以顯著地 減輕此電位崩潰。距離L1可等於或大於溝槽122的深度。 對於較低電壓元件的應用,在點“A”處發生崩潰的可能性極 低,且該頂側屏蔽流道金屬不會延伸至電介質側層123S上 或超過該溝槽122末端,如在該圖中由邊緣“B”來表示。此 址態產生一較薄的屏蔽流道及一較小的晶粒。 第11圖顯示沿著第3圖所定義之切割線h_ii所獲得 17 201029175 之在連接區域150中的一臺面13〇的一截面視圖,其中該 切割線⑽垂直於切割線4七778-8*99。該4 雜井134及該等閉極電極126之冒π服顯示於該圖的右 側/、㈣疋’ P-摻雜井134電氣相接於該源極及屏蔽的 電位’但是對於魏用於—場終止區域中的-些實例可處 於一浮動的狀態中。P·摻雜井134具有終止於閘極冒口 126R處或下的一末端(装县— (、疋電軋跡線)。用於參照,閘極
電極126及屏蔽電極124的輪廓以虛線顯示。可能存在由 於曲率半徑效應而發生於ρ_摻料134之末端處的崩潰。 然而,配置於Ρ-換雜井134之任—側上的該等閘極電極126 及屏蔽電極m通常耗盡n-摻雜臺面13〇之相鄰於該井134 之末端的部分,從而顯著地減小在該井134之末端周圍的 電位及電場。然而,量減少的電場仍出現於該井134之末 端周圍’且可以-徑向的方式(即曲率半徑效應)集中在該井 134的末端處。然而’在第U圖所示之組態下,該井
的末端實質上由閘極冒口 126R屏蔽,且實f上減小在該區 之末端處的曲率半徑效應。特別的是,傳導冒口 126R引導 在井134之末端處出現於臺面13〇中的電場遠離井134的 末端而朝向其自身,從而減小了該電場的徑向集中。如果 井134之末端延伸至傳導冒口 126R之下方部分的左側,則 將喪失此屏蔽。如果井134之末端與傳導冒口 126R之下方 部分的最遠端側(例如左側)間隔開一距離L2,則所獲得的 此屏蔽效應是最佳的,其中L2等於或大於井134的深度。 在較佳實施中,L2等於或大於井134之深度加上在井 18 201029175 與傳導冒口職之間之間隔距離,其中該間隔距離對於圖 中所示之組態,等於氧化層1G6的薄部分。
如上所述,配置於p_摻雜 P /雜井134之任一側上的閘極電 極126及屏蔽電極124通常耗盡該 >摻雜臺面130相鄰於 井134之末端的部分,從而顯著地減小在井134之末端周 圍的電位及電場。為了眚王目+上之士 电豕巧r貫現此好處’ ρ_摻雜區的末端應該 與該等屏蔽電極124的末端布兮望、龙祕 次该等溝槽122的末端間隔開 至少一距離L3,如第】2 斛-oc 弟i2圖所不。距離L3可等於溝槽122 的深度,或可等於溝槽122之深译& jt 丹相之,衣度與井134之深度之間的 差。井134可能延伸超過閘極fa U6R,如第^圖所示, 且井134之末端進—步可能配置於該屏蔽流道(及場板) 下如果該屏蔽流道配置於井134之末端附近或上,則可 能提供屏蔽,以與_冒口12611提供屏蔽相同的方式來減 輕在井m之末端處的曲率半徑效應如先前參照第關 所述。然而,對於低及"電壓的應用,該屏蔽流道不需
要配置於P-摻雜井134之末端上。儘管較佳的是沒有其他 的p-摻雜區配置於井134之末端與該等相鄰溝槽之末端之 間,但是—較輕P-摻雜區可以配置於井134之末端與該等 相鄰溝槽之末端之間。該較輕p_掺雜區具有相比於井IB 較低的摻雜劑劑量,如橫越該臺面寬度之截面視圖所測 量的。以另一種方式來說,該較輕p_摻雜區具有由於該摻 雜劑而產生之相比於井134較低的-整合改變,如橫越該 臺面寬度之截面視圖所測量的。在上面的組態中,一終止 溝槽不需要垂直於溝槽122的末端,如在先前技術的組態 19 201029175 用,雜井134之末端的上面所有組態可 用於溝槽·屏紅蕭特基料二㈣元件 祕離用於該蕭特基金屬的末端,或如果像第“所示之 :的-P-摻雜區用於該蕭特基金屬的周邊周圍。使用 ^性層面的—溝槽_屏蔽蕭特基障壁二極體元件的 一不範實施例在下面參照第32-34圖予以描述。
回頭m 1〇圖’可以看出的是’該屏蔽流道金屬在 等於或低於蠢晶層104之頂面的一位準處,與屏蔽電極以 之s刀124R的-頂面相電氣接觸。此特徵也顯示於第 14圖中,第14圖是垂直於第10圖之截面視圖的-截面視 圖。如在第14圖中所見的’從該屏蔽流道金屬至該等冒口 4刀124R的4等接觸穿過接觸開π,該等接觸開口穿過電 介質層107及氧化層106而形成。此組態具有減小電氣接 觸電阻及簡化製造製程的優點。在習知的製造製程中,一 多晶石夕㈣j遮罩及齡j步以^義在該屏蔽流道金屬與 該等屏蔽電極124、224之間的一多晶矽匯流排結構。然而,
該上面簡化的接觸結構可透過修改用於該製程中之一稍早 的遮罩來定義,諸如用以定義第5圖所示之從該源極金屬 至增強型摻雜區135及源極區135之接觸的遮罩。因此, 習知地用以定義上述該多晶石夕匯流排結構的遮罩及姓刻步 驟可予以忽略。 當使用一高電流能力元件時,可以使用元件區12〇之 數個實例,而非一大型元件區120。該等元件區12〇實例並 聯地電氣麵接,且相比於使用一大型元件區120實例的情 20 201029175 況此組態提供至該等屏蔽電極124之中心及該等閘極電 極126之中心的一低電阻路徑。第15圖顯示配置於一半導 體晶粒上之一半導體元件2〇〇的一俯視示意圖。元件2〇〇 包含配置於一底部元件區12〇B上的一頂部元件區i2〇A、 配置於頂部元件區12〇a上的一頂部連接區域15〇(如先前 所述)、配置於元件區12〇B下的一底部連接區域15〇、配置 於元件區120A與120B之間的一中間連接區域25〇。元件 φ 區l2〇A及12〇Β是前述元件區120的實例。在每一連接區 域150中存在一閘極流道及屏蔽流道,且二個閘極流道及 一個屏蔽流道在中間連接區域250中。該等閘極流道藉由 一閘極饋送電氣耦接於一閘極墊212。源極金屬層11〇配置 . 於元件區120A及GOB上,且電氣耦接於該等屏蔽流道及 • 二個源極墊ni。多個所交插的溝槽122,及臺面130,配置 於該半導體蟲晶層中,及該等元件區120A、120B與連接 區域150、250内’如在該圖之右側由虛線所說明的。為了 φ 使視覺明晰’僅在該圖中顯示了該等第一少量的溝槽及臺 面,但是該陣列之左側的箭頭符號示意地表示該所交插的 溝槽及臺面之陣列延伸至該等元件區120A、120B及連接 區域150、250的左側。溝槽122,實質上與溝槽122相同, 除了其等連續地穿過元件區120A、120B及連接區域150、 250。臺面130’實質上與臺面130相同,除了其等連續地穿 過元件區120A、120B及連接區域150、250。一通道阻絕 結構在該晶粒的周邊處圍繞區120A、120B、150及250 ’ 且與區120A、120B、150及250間隔開一間隙。此間隙與 21 201029175 第11所示之間隙相同。 第16圖顯示沿著第15圖所示之切割線16_16所獲^ 之連接區域250的一截面視圖。該截面視圖沿著一溝槽 而獲得。該等組件與上面參照第1G圖所述之組件相同,除 了-開極電極126、腿及閉極流道的_鏡射二 出現於該圖左側,*存在該電介f區123C及電介質二 123S ’且溝槽122,、電介質層123,、屏蔽電極124,及屏蔽 冒口 124R’鏡射至該左側’且沿著從左至右的截面連續地穿 過。該等閘極流道與該等閘極126之閘極冒口 126R相電氣 接觸’但是與該屏蔽金屬流道及該屏蔽冒口 124R,及該屏蔽 電極124’絕緣。該屏蔽流道金屬與該屏蔽冒口 124R,及該 屏蔽電極124’相電氣接觸,且與該等閘極流道、閘極冒口 124R及閘極電極124絕緣。上面該溝槽的構造消除了發生 於元件100之臺面區域中之電場及電位的不平衡,該元件 100之臺面區域緊鄰於在連接區域150中不連續的溝槽,且 從而消除了相對應的局部電荷不平衡。此構造與先前技術 的構造有所差異,其可能包括在連接區域250中間之詳細 的場終止結構。 第P圖顯示沿著第15圖所示之切割線17-Π所獲得 的連接區域250的一截面視圖。該截面沿著一臺面130,而 獲得。該等組件與上面參照第1〇圖所述之組件相同,除了 一 P·摻雜井134、一閘極電極126、〆閘極冒口 126R及一 閘極流道之一鏡射組出現於該圖左側。屏蔽電極124’及閘 極電極126之位置的輪廓以虛線顯示。相似於元件1〇〇,每 22 201029175
一 Γ推雜井134典型地錢输於該源極及屏蔽的電位, 但疋對於該區驗-場終止區域的—些實例,可能處於— 洋動的狀態中.ρ_摻雜井134具有—末端,該末端較 t地終止於一各自的問極傳導冒口咖(其是-電氣跡線) 地或下。朋潰可能由於曲率半徑效應而發生在每—p_換雜 井134的末端處。然而,配置於該p_換雜井134之任一側 的該等閘極電極126及屏蔽電極124通常耗盡每一 n_推雜 臺面13〇相鄰於該井134之末端的部分,從而顯著地減小 在該井134之末端周圍的電位及電場。然、而,量減少的電 場仍然出現於該井134之末端周圍,且可能以―徑向的方 式(即曲率半径效應)集中於該井134的末端。然而,在第 17圖所示之組態下,該等井134的末端實質上由該等閘極 之傳導胃口 126R來屏蔽,且該組態實質上減小了在該等區 末端處的曲率半徑效應(如先前參照第11圖對於元件1〇〇 的私述)此屏蔽可能會喪如果一彳^34的末端延伸超 過配置於其上之該傳導胃口 126R之下方部分的遠端側。如 果該井134之末端不延伸超過該傳導冒口 l26R之下方部分 的遠端側’且進—步與該傳導冒口 126R之下方部分的最遠 端側間隔開-距離L2,其中L2等於或大於井134的深度, 則所獲得的此屏蔽效應是最佳的。在較佳實施巾,L2等於 或大於井134的深度加上在井134與傳導冒口 126R之間的 間隔距離’其中該間隔距離等於該圖所示之組態的氧化層 106的薄部分。 第18圖顯示連接區域25〇之一變化250,的一截面視 23 201029175 圖,該變化250,包括配置於蟲晶層⑽中且在該流道 金屬下的-電氣浮動ρ·摻雜井134C。(該p_摻雜區透過在 其與-傳導層之間不產生—直接的電氣連接而成為浮動 的,該傳導層適用於接受來自一外部電路的一電位。)該浮 動的P-摻雜井me作為在蟲晶層104與在其上的該氧化層 1〇6之部分之__緩衝屏蔽。氧化層iG6在該屏蔽流道金 屬與蠢晶層HM之間的部分可以經受高的電場因為該屏 蔽流道金屬通常在接地電位處,且蟲晶層1〇4的下方部分 通常在該汲極電位處。為了減小在> 摻雜井134^末端冑 Θ 的曲率半徑效應,料末端可配置於朗極胃口職附近 或下。 第19圖顯示連接區域25〇之另一變化25〇”的一截面視 圖。該另-變化250”包括替代第17圖所示之該等二井134 的-連續的P-摻雜井134,。連續的p_摻雜井134,從元件區 120A延伸至元件區丨細,且穿過連接區域25Q,,且電氣 轉接於該源極金屬層依次至該屏蔽流道金屬)。_ 井134 *具有-侧邊緣或轉角,而不存在與連續的p推雜 井134’相關聯的曲率半徑效應。連續的p_推雜井134,也作 為在蟲晶層104與在其上之該氧化層咖之間的一緩衝屏 蔽。如上所示’氧化層在該屏蔽流道金屬與蟲晶層1〇4 之間的部分可經受高的電場,因為該屏蔽流道金屬 通常在 接地電位處且蟲晶層1()4的下方部分通常在該沒極電位處。 在說明連接區域15G、25G、25G,及25G”的所有實施例 中’可理解的是,每一連接區域具有產生一非主動元件之 24 201029175 具有臺面130、130’之相鄰部分的多個材料體的一組態。一 材料體可包括一摻雜區、一電介質層、一傳導層等。相反 地,每一元件區120、120A、120B具有產生一主動元件之 具有該等臺面130、130’之部分的多個材料體的一組態。 現在參照第20圖所繪示之半導體元件300來描述及說 明另一實施例。半導體元件300具有實質上與第1-3圖所 示之半導體元件100相同的平面圖(俯視圖)。第20圖是沿 著半導體元件300之晶粒的左側所獲得的一放大視圖,相 似於第3圖所示之元件100的左側部分的放大視圖。半導 體元件300實質上包含以與配置元件100實質上相同的方 式所配置之實質上相同的元件,且更包含一周邊溝槽320, 該周邊溝槽320環繞先前所述之溝槽122、222及臺面130、 230的整個陣列,或環繞該陣列周圍之周邊的至少75%。(可 理解的是,周邊溝槽320可具有一或多個相對小的中斷而 是不連續的,這不會顯著影響其效應。)第21及22圖顯示 沿著該陣列的底部及沿著第20圖所示之切割線21-21及 22-22所獲得之周邊溝槽320及溝槽122、222及臺面130、 230之陣列的截面視圖。周邊溝槽320包含内襯其相對側壁 的一電介質層321及配置於該溝槽中的一傳導電極324。傳 導電極324可電氣耦接於諸如該屏蔽流道的一傳導層以接 受一接地電位,或可與承載一電位的任何傳導層解耦合, 從而處在一浮動電位。周邊屏蔽320與溝槽222間隔開一 距離,該距離為相鄰溝槽122之間之間隔的等級。一間隙 區330配置於周邊溝槽320與溝槽222之間。沒有電位藉 25 201029175 由任何傳導層而耦接於間隙區330的頂部,且在間隙區33〇 中的電位是浮動的。當該周邊溝槽電極324處在一浮動的 電位時’在其及該浮動間隙區330上的該等電位可浮動地 設置相對於該汲極電位的均衡電位,且可從而減小對在間 隙區330中之電荷不平衡的敏感度。因此,相比於如果藉 由習知的接地P-井將此等間隙區330固定於源極電位,較 容易實現間隙區330中的電荷平衡情況。當該等周邊溝槽 電極324耗接於一接地電位時’實現實質上該等相同的好 處。間隙區330的寬度可等於或小於臺面π〇之寬度的125 倍’且間隙區330沿著周邊溝槽320之各側的該等寬度可 以是不同的。例如,間隙區330沿著周邊溝槽320(及溝槽 122及臺面no的主要陣列)之左垂直側及右垂直侧的寬度 可小於間隙區330沿著周邊溝槽320(及該主要陣列)之頂部 水平側及底部水平側的寬度。 第23及24圖是顯示沿著該等主要的溝槽122及臺面 130的周邊溝槽320,且沿著第20圖所示之切割線23-23 及24-24所獲得的截面視圖。第23及24圖的截面視圖實 質上與第10及11圖之元件1〇〇的截面視圖相同,另外加 入周邊溝槽320及間隙區330。元件102-107、120、122、 123、123C、123S、124、124R、125、125C、125S、126、 126R、134、150、該屏蔽流道、該閘極流道及通道阻絕具 有其等相互之間相同的相對關係。如上所示,由於曲率半 徑效應而產生之一可能的崩潰區域,特別地對於高電壓元 件’存在於在屏蔽冒口部分124R之末端處的電介質側層 201029175 123S中,如在第23圖中由點“a”來表示(相同於第10圖)。
如先前所述,此可能的崩潰區域玎透過將該頂側屏蔽流道 金屬(其是一傳導跡線)延伸至電介質側層123S上,且超過 溝槽122的末端一距離L1而予以顯著減輕。距離L1可等 於或大於溝槽122的深度。周邊溝槽32〇也透過將電場從 點A處移除’來減輕該可能的崩潰區域。如上所示,當該 周邊溝槽電極324處在—浮動的電位時,在其及該浮動間 隙區330上的該等電位可浮動地設置相對於該汲極電位的 均衡電位,且可從而減小對間隙區33〇中之電荷不平衡的 敏感度。因此,相比於如果藉由該等習知的接地p_摻雜井 將此等間隙區330固定於源極電位,能較容易地實現在間 隙區330中的電荷平衡情況。當該周邊溝槽電極324耦接 於一接地電位時’實質上能實現相同的好處,這可藉由配 置於屏蔽電極324與該屏蔽流道金屬之間的傳導材料的- 層25來元成,即該傳導接觸介層電氣麵接於 該屏蔽流道及屏蔽電極 324。 $過在浮動間隙區330中使用一浮動p_摻雜井334, 〇實貝f現上面的一些好處。此實施例由第25_2 日月,帛? < 1 ^ 28圖疋與第21-24相同的截面視圖,除了加入 °亥浮動P_推雜井334。沒有接地電位電壓耦接於井334。第 29 1顯、不配置於溝槽222與該周邊溝槽320之間的間隙區 =〇二刀中的浮動ρ·摻雜井334。井左侧延伸相鄰於周 透溝槽32〇。^ 儘s井334已經顯示為配置相鄰於周邊溝槽 _ _ _丨 、"長條,但疋應理解的是井334可予以分段(在 27 201029175 該連續的長條中具有間隙)。井334之任何經分段區域的末 端可配置於一屏蔽流道及其他傳導跡線下,以最小化曲率 半徑效應。 如上所示,周邊溝槽320可以是連續的,且環繞溝槽 122、222及臺面130、230的整個陣列,或可以是不連續的, 且環繞該陣列周圍之該周邊的至少75%。回頭參照第20 圖,當使用一不連續的周邊溝槽320時,典型地在該陣列 之轉角處在溝槽320中引入中斷,其中每一中斷典型地小 於間隙區330之寬度的兩倍,且典型地等於該間隙區33〇 的寬度。在使用一不連續周邊溝槽320的一實施例中,該 周邊溝槽在其水平腳的末端處,在第20圖的點“d”處中 斷,使得周邊溝槽320的水平腳具有與該等内部溝槽122、 222相同的長度。周邊溝槽320的垂直腳可與該等水平腳的 末端齊平地結束,或可延伸超過該等水平腳的末端,如由 該等垂直腳之一至第20圖之點“E”的虛線延伸所示。該等 後面的延伸目前較佳地結束與該等水平腳之末端齊平的該 等垂直腳。在使用一不連續周邊溝槽320的另一實施例中, §亥周邊溝槽在其垂直腳的末端處,於第2〇圖中的點“f”處 中斷,使得周邊溝槽320的水平腳延伸超過該等内部溝槽 122、222的末端。周邊溝槽320的水平腳可與該等垂直角 之末端齊平地結束,或可以先前實施例所述之相同的方式 延伸超過該等垂直腳的末端。在該等先前二個實施例的每 一個中,該周邊溝槽320的水平及垂直腳可以是電氣浮動 的或接地的。可能具有電氣接地的該等垂直腳,同時具有 201029175 電氣浮動的該等水平腳,反之亦然。照這樣,一不連續周 邊溝槽3 20的不同分段可具有不同的電氣狀態(例如浮動狀 態、接地狀態)。 當使用具有一接地或浮動電極324的周邊溝槽320 時,可能在周邊溝槽320的轉角處存在一電荷不平衡。這 是因為間隙區330面對周邊溝槽320的二側,而不是一側, 如第30圖之放大俯視圖所示。該周邊溝槽的電極324嘗試 耗盡多於出現在間隙區330之轉角區域中的電荷。此電荷 不平衡可透過縮短相鄰於周邊溝槽320之水平腳之溝槽 222的長度來處理。此呈現為元件400,該元件400與元件 300相同,除了縮短了該溝槽。溝槽222的縮短可減小溝槽 222在間隙區330之轉角上的電荷影像效應,且從而補償該 周邊溝槽之電極324的過多影像。第31圖顯示經縮短溝槽 222的一截面視圖,與該未經縮短之長度的輪廓一起形成比 較。相比於溝槽122的末端,溝槽222的末端進一步與周 邊溝槽320間隔開。元件300的p-井334可以元件400之 上述任何組態加入元件400。元件400的p-井334可以在 一浮動電位或一固定電位(例如接地電位)處。 如元件100及第1-14圖的討論中簡單所示,元件100 之一些發明性層面可用於溝槽-屏蔽蕭特基障壁二極體元 件。一蕭特基二極體元件可具有一與元件1〇〇相似的構造, 如第1-14圖所繪示,且可包括與元件100相同的元件,但 是不需要閘極電極126及226、閘極流道、閘極墊、源極區 136、電介質層106及107配置於該等臺面上的部分及井區 29 201029175 134。第32-34圖顯示根據本發明之層面之一示範蕭特基二 極體元件100”的截面視圖。第32圖顯示穿過元件100”之 元件區120的一截面視圖,其相似於第6圖對於元件100 所示的截面視圖。元件1〇〇”包含分別相似於溝槽122及222 的溝槽122”及222”,除了該等溝槽122”及222”不需要分 別包含閘極電極126及226,且可包含延伸至磊晶層104 頂部或至其附近且高於屏蔽電極124的屏蔽電極124”。(在 其他蕭特基的實施例中,閘極電極126及226可與該等閘 極流道一起用於其等典型地耦接於該源極金屬層110之電 位的情況中。)元件100”也包含元件100之溝槽220、臺面 130、230及230’、在該等場終止區中的電介質層106及 107、及源極金屬層110。與元件100不同的是,該源極金 屬層與該屏蔽流道由於在其等之間不存在閘極流道,而可 以合併在一起。源極金屬層110接觸臺面130的頂部,以 提供與其之蕭特基障壁接觸。一表面補償植入可配置於臺 面130的頂部,以調整該等蕭特基接觸的電氣特性(例如障 壁高度),如在該技藝中所已知的。一 P-型井134”可配置於 臺面230的頂部,以提供一 p-n接點二極體,與在臺面130 中之該等蕭特基障壁元件相比,該p-n接點二極體具有一 較高的反向偏壓崩潰。井134”可具有一高於井134’的摻雜 度,使得增強型摻雜區135可予以省略,或增強型摻雜區 135或在臺面230之頂部的一增強型摻雜層可予以包括,來 提供與源極金屬層110的一良好傳導連接體。在元件100 的另一實施中,井134”可予以省略,且電介質層107及/ 201029175 或106可延伸至臺面23〇的頂部上,以使其與源極金屬層 110電氣絕緣,從而使其與臺面230’一樣。在臺面230的 每一個實施中,臺面230及溝槽222”與122”用於成形以上 對於元件100所述之電位及場圖案,以改良元件1〇〇,,的整 體崩潰電壓特性。 第33圖顯示沿著第3圖所定義的一切割線所獲 得之在連接區域150中之一溝槽122”的一截面視圖。第33 圖的截面視圖相似於第10圖中對於元件1〇〇所示的截面視 圖。屏蔽電極124”配置於該溝槽中,其中屏蔽電極124與 該屏蔽流道及源極金屬層11〇電氣接觸。屏蔽電極124,,具 有配置相鄰於電介質材料之一區123C的一外侧轉角,及配 置相鄰於電介質材料之一側層123S的一垂直侧。如先前所 述’曲率半徑效應顯著地增加了在鄰近於屏蔽電極之外側 轉角之β亥等區域中的電場。由於曲率半徑效應所產生的一 可能的崩潰區域,特別地對於高電壓元件,出現於在屏蔽 電極124”之末端處的電介質側層123S中,如第33圖中由 點“Α”所示。此電位崩潰可透過將該頂側屏蔽流道金屬(其 是一傳導跡線)延伸至電介質側層123S上,且超過溝槽122” 之末端一距離L1,而予以顯著地減輕。距離L1可等於或 大於溝槽122”的深度。對於較低電壓元件的應用,在點“Α” 處發生崩潰的可能性極低’且該頂側屏蔽流道金屬不需要 延伸至電介質側層123S上或超過溝槽122”的末端’如在該 圖中由邊緣“Β”所示。此組態產生一較薄的屏蔽流道及一較 小的晶粒。 31 201029175 第34圖顯示沿著第3圖較義的〆切割線u u所獲 得之在元件1〇〇”之連接區域15〇中之一臺面130的一截面 視圖。此截面視圖相似於在第1M3圖中元件1〇〇所示的 截面視圖。如第34圖所示,源極金屬11〇覆蓋臺面13〇的 頂部部分(顯不於該圖的右側),以提供該蕭特基障壁接觸。 在該臺面130之任一側上的該等屏蔽電極124,,的位置以虛 線顯示。電介質層106及1〇7將該屏蔽流道及場板與該臺 面分開。崩潰可能由於曲率半徑效應,而發生於接觸臺面 130之該源極金屬層110的末端邊緣處。此末端邊緣是該蕭 _ 特基障壁金屬的末端(即由半導體形成蕭特基障壁之金屬 的部分),且在該圖中表示為點“C”。配置於臺面13〇之任 一側上的屏蔽電極124”通常耗盡該臺面相鄰於源極金屬層 110之末端邊緣的部分,從而顯著減小在該末端邊緣周圍的 電位及電場。為了實現此好處,該末端邊緣應該與該等屏 蔽電極124”的末端或該等溝槽122”的末端間隔開至少一距 離L3,如第34圖所示。距離L3可等於溝槽122”的深度。 在此組態下,不需要在點C處之該蕭特基障壁金屬的末端 ® 邊緣處將一ρ·摻雜區配置於臺面130中,如在先前技術組 態中所為者。然而,一 ρ-摻雜區可配置於在該蕭特基障壁 金屬之末端邊緣附近的臺面13〇中,如由一 Ρ-摻雜區334, 的虛線輪廓所示。如果使用ρ-摻雜區334’,則其應該與該 等屏蔽電極124”的末端或該等溝槽122’’的末端間隔開至少 該以上的距離L3。 如可在第33及34圖之每一圖中所見的’不存在配置 32 201029175 於層104之頂面,垂直於溝槽122,,及屏蔽電極124”之末端 的垂直終止溝槽。該終止組態與上面元件1〇〇所示之終止 組、相同且減小了該晶粒的大小。然而,如果期望的話, 可以將一垂直的終止溝槽或一周邊溝槽加入元件。 儘管上面的實施例已經由n_型磊晶層及p_型摻雜井區 予以說明,但是可理解的是,該等發明及實施例可由型 磊晶層及η-型摻雜井區來實行。換句話說,該等發明及實 施例可由相反摻雜極性的層及區域來實行。 儘管本發明之各種實施例大多數描述於Ν_通道屏蔽閘 極MOSFET的脈絡中,但是此等實施例也可以實施於各種 其他類型的元件中,諸如ρ_通道M〇SFET(即在結構上相似 於上述MOSFET的一電晶體,除了所有矽區的傳導類型是 相反的以外);N-通道屏蔽閘極IGBT(即在結構上相似於上 述該等MOSFET的一電晶體,除了一 p_型基體代替該N_ 型基體來使用以外);P_通道屏蔽閘極IGBT((即在結構上相 似於上述MOSFET的一電晶體,但是具有相反傳導性的矽 區,除了該基體保持N-型之外);屏蔽閘極同步整流器(即 整合的屏蔽閘極MOSFET及蕭特基);TMBS整流器及上面 元件的超接點變化(即具有交替傳導類型的矽行的元件)。 “一 ”及“該(the)’’的任何敍述都是打算意指一或多個,除 非特定地為相反的指示。 在此已經使用的習語及詞句用作描述的習語而不是限 制性的’且此等習語及詞句的使用不打算排除所示及所述 之特徵的等效物,應理解的是,在所中請之本發明的範圍 33 201029175 中各種修改是可能的。 而且,該等發明之一或多個實施例的一或多個特徵可 與本發明之其他實施例之一或多個特徵相結合,而不脫離 本發明之範圍。 儘管本發明已經針對於該等所說明之實施例予以特定 地描述,但是應理解的是,各種替代、修改、改作及等效 安排都可基於本揭露作出,且打算在本發明及附加申請專 利範圍的範圍内。 c圖式簡單說明3 第1圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵的一示範半導 體晶粒的一俯視圖; 第2圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之左上角的一放大視圖; 第3圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之左側的一部分的一放大視圖; 第4及5圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體 晶粒之一部分的一第一截面視圖,及在第5圖中為其之一 放大視圖, 第6圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶粒 之一變化之一部分的一放大截面視圖; 第7-14圖顯示根據本發明,第1圖之該示範半導體晶 粒及其可能的變化的各種放大截面視圖; 第15圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之另一示範半 導體晶粒的一俯視圖; 201029175 第16-19圖顯示根據本發明,第15圖之該示範半導體 晶粒及其可能的變化的各種放大截面視圖; 第20圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之另一示範半 導體晶粒的一俯視圖; 第21-29圖顯示根據本發明,第20圖之該示範半導體 晶粒及其可能的變化的各種放大截面視圖; 第30圖顯示根據本發明,包含多個特徵之另一示範半 導體晶粒的一俯視圖; 第31圖顯示根據本發明,第30圖之該示範半導體晶 粒的一放大截面視圖;以及 第32-34圖顯示根據本發明,包含一溝槽-屏蔽蕭特基 障壁二極體元件的一示範半導體晶粒的各種截面視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100...半導體元件 120Β...底部元件區 100”…蕭特基二極體元件 122/122V122”...溝槽 102... N+摻雜半導體基體 123/123’...電介質層 104...半導體η-型層/蟲晶半導 123C...電介質材料區 體層 123S...電介質側層 106…氧化層 124/124V124”...屏蔽電極 107...電介質層 124R...冒口部分 110...源極金屬層/傳導層 124R’...屏蔽冒口 111...源極墊 125...電介質層 112...閘極墊 125C...轉角區 120...主動元件區 125S...電介質側層 120Α...頂部元件區 126...閘極電極 35 201029175 126R...閘極冒口 130/130’.··臺面 132.. . N-漂移區 134.. . p-型井 134’··. p-摻雜井 134”... p-型井 134C...P-摻雜井 135.. .小區域 136.··源極(n+型)區 150.. .連接區域 200.. .半導體元件 212.. .閘極墊 220.. .溝槽 221.. .電介質層 222…第一端溝槽 222”...溝槽 223.. .電介質層 224.. .屏蔽電極 226.. .閘極電極 227.. .區域 230…第一端臺面 230’...臺面 234·.· p-摻雜區 238.. .第二端臺面 239.. . p-型區 239’... p-摻雜區 250/250V250”...連接區域 300…半導體元件 320.. .周邊溝槽 321.. .電介質層 324.. .屏蔽電極 325.. .接觸介層 330.. .間隙區 334.. . p-摻雜井 334’... p-摻雜區 400.. .元件 L1/L2/L3...距離 A~F...點
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Claims (1)

  1. 201029175 七、申請專利範圍: L —種半導體元件,其包含: 第一溝槽,其延伸至—半導體區中且具有一第一 端及一第二端; 第一電介質層,其内襯該第一溝槽之相對側壁; 第一屏蔽電極,其配置於該第一溝槽中; 一第二溝槽’其延伸至該半導體區中且具有一第一 φ 端及一第二端; 第一電介質層,其内襯該第二溝槽之相對側壁; 一第二屏蔽電極,其配置於該第二溝槽中;及 。 第一傳導類型的一第一井區,其配置於該半導體 區中且在該第_與第二溝槽之間該第—井區與該第一 溝槽之該第一端間隔開至少一第一距離;及 其中沒有一第一傳導類型的其他井區配置於該第 井區與S亥第一溝槽之該第一端之間。 ❹ 2.如中請專職圍第1項所述之半導體元件,其中該第- 井區電氣麵接於一傳導層,以接受一電位。 3.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 溝槽延伸至該半導體區内的一第一深度處,且其中該第 —距離等於該第一深度。 4’如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 溝槽延伸至該半導體區域内的一第一深度處,其中該第 一井區延伸至該半導體區内的一第二深度處,該第二深 度小於該第一深度,且其中該第一距離等於在該第一與 37 201029175 第二深度之間的差。 5.如申請專利範圍第!項所述之半導體元件,其中該半導 體區配置於—半導體晶粒中; 其中該等第一及第二溝槽的該等第一端面向該半 導體晶粒的一第一邊緣; 其中该半導體區之一第一部分配置於該等第一及 第-溝槽之該等第一端肖該半導體晶粒《該第一邊緣 之間;及 其中該第—部分不具有配置於該半導體區中之— ® 垂直的終止溝槽。 6.如申請專利範圍第i項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 井區具有触第—㈣之該第—端_開至少該第- 距離的-第一端,且其中該元件更包含配置於該第一彳 區之該第-端上的-場板,該場板電氣_於該等屏蔽 電極。 7.如甲請專利範圍第!項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 井區具有與該第-溝叙該第—關_至少該第-〇 距離的-第-端’且其中不存在配置於電氣耦接於該等 屏蔽電極之該第—井區之該第-端上的傳導層。 8· —種半導體元件,包含: 一第一溝槽,其延伸至-半導龍中JL具有-第-端及一第二端; 一第-電介質層’其_該第—溝槽之相對側壁; 一第-屏蔽電極,其配置於該第_溝槽中; 38 201029175 一第二溝槽,其延伸至該半導體區中且具有一第一 端及一第二端; 一第二電介質層,其内襯該第二溝槽之相對側壁; 一第二屏蔽電極,其配置於該第二溝槽中; 一第一傳導類型的一第一井區,其配置於該半導體 區中且在該第一與第二溝槽之間,該第一井區與該第一 溝槽之該第一端間隔開至少一第一距離;及 φ 一第一傳導類型的第二井區,其配置於該第一井區 與該第一溝槽之該第一端之間,相比於該第一井區,該 第一井區予以較輕地推雜。 9.如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 井區電氣耦接於一傳導層以接受一電位。 . 1G·如中請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體讀,其中該第一 溝槽延伸至該半導體區内的一第一深度處,且其中該第 —距離等於該第一深度。 . 11‘如中請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 溝槽延伸至該半導體區内的_第_^度處,其中該第一 井區延伸至該半導體區内的—第二毅處,該第二深度 持該第-深度,且其中該第—距離等於在該第—與第 二深度之間的差。 、 12·如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體科,其中該 體層配置於一半導體晶粒上; 其中該等第-及第二溝槽的該等第—端面向該半 導體晶粒的一第一邊緣; 39 201029175 該半導體層之一第一部分配置於該等第一及第二 溝槽之該等第一端與該半導體晶粒之該第一邊緣之 間;及 其中該第一部分不具有配置於該半導體層之該第 一表面處的一垂直終止溝槽。 13. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 井區具有與該第一溝槽之該第一端間隔開至少該第一 距離的一第一端,且其中該元件更包含配置於該第一井 區之該第一端上的一場板,該場板電氣耦接於該等屏蔽 電極。 14. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體元件,其中該第一 井區具有與該第一溝槽之該第一端間隔開至少該第一 距離的一第一端,且其中不存在配置於電氣耦接於該等 屏蔽電極之該第一井區之該第一端上的傳導層。 15. —種溝槽屏蔽蕭特基障壁整流器元件,包含: 一第一溝槽,其延伸至一半導體區中且具有一第一 端及一第二端; 一第一電介質層,其内襯該第一溝槽之相對側壁; 一第一屏蔽電極,其配置於該第一溝槽中; 一第二溝槽,其延伸至該半導體區中且具有一第一 端及一第二端; 一第二電介質層,其内襯該第二溝槽之相對側壁; 一第二屏蔽電極,其配置於該第二溝槽中;及 一臺面區,其由該第一與第二溝槽界定,該臺面區 201029175 具有一寬度、高度及頂面;及 一蕭特基接觸,其配置於該臺面之該頂面處,該蕭 特基接觸具有與該第一溝槽之該第一端間隔開至少一 第一距離的一第一端。 16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之半導體元件,其中該第 一距離等於該溝槽的該深度。 17. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之半導體元件,其中一 p-摻雜區配置於在該蕭特基障壁金屬之一端邊緣處之該 等溝槽的該等端之間,該P-摻雜區域與該等溝槽之該等 端間隔開。 18. —種半導體元件,包含: 一第一溝槽,其延伸至一半導體區中且具有一第一 端及一第二端; 一第一電介質層,其内襯該第一溝槽之相對側壁; 一第一電極,其配置於該第一溝槽中; 一第二溝槽,其延伸至該半導體區中且具有一第一 端及一第二端; 一第二電介質層,其内襯該第二溝槽之相對側壁; 一第二電極,其配置於該第二溝槽中; 一第一傳導類型的一井區,其配置於該半導體區中 且在該第一與第二溝槽之間,該井區具有一第一端;及 一傳導跡線,其配置於該等第一及第二溝槽上,該 傳導跡線具有垂直於該等溝槽的一長度及小於該長度 的一寬度,該傳導跡線具有與該半導體區配置於該等溝 41 201029175 槽之間的一部分間隔開一第一距離的一部分,該跡線的 該部分具有並行於該跡線之長度的一第一及第二側,相 比於該第二側,該第一側較接近於該井區的該第一端; 及 其中該井區的該第一端與該傳導跡線之該第二側 間隔開至少一第二距離。 19. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之半導體元件,其中該井 區電氣耦接於一傳導層以接受一電位。 20. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之半導體元件,其中該井 區延伸至該半導體區内的一第一深度處,且其中該第二 距離等於該第一深度。 21. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之半導體元件,其中該井 區延伸至該半導體區内的一第一深度,且其中該第二距 離等於該第一距離加上該第一深度。 22. —種半導體元件,包含: 至少一個第一元件區域及第二元件區域,其等配置 於一半導體區的表面處,該第二元件區域相鄰於該第一 元件區域,且與該第一元件區域間隔開; 一連接區,其配置於該第一與第二元件區域之間; 一第一溝槽,其延伸至該半導體區中,且至少從該 第一元件區延伸穿過該連接區且至該第二元件區; 一第一電介質層,其内襯該第一溝槽的相對側壁; 一第一電極,其配置於該第一溝槽中;及 一第一傳導跡線,其配置於在該連接區中的該第一 201029175 溝槽上,且電氣耦接於在該連接區中的該第一電極。 23. 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之半導體元件,其中該第 一電極包含一閘極電極,且在該等元件區之每一元件區 中具有配置於該閘極電極上的一電介質。 24. 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之半導體元件,其中該第 一電極包含一屏蔽電極,且其中該半導體元件更包含配 置於該第一溝槽中,而與該屏蔽電極電氣絕緣的一閘極 電極。 25. 如申請專利範圍第24項所述之半導體元件,其更包含 一第二傳導跡線,其配置於在該連接區中之該第一溝槽 上,且電氣耦接於在該連接區中之該閘極電極,且與該 屏蔽電極電氣絕緣。 26. 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之半導體元件,其更包含 配置相鄰於該第一溝槽的一第一臺面、具有該第一臺面 在該連接區中之該部分的一或多個材料體的一第一組 態、具有該第一臺面區在該第一元件區中之該部分的一 或多個材料體的一第二組態、具有該第一臺面區在第二 第一元件區中之該部分的一或多個材料體的一第三組 態,其中該第一組態不同於該等第二及第三組態的每一 個。 27. 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之半導體元件,其更包含: 一第二溝槽,其延伸至該半導體區中,且至少從該 第一元件區延伸穿過該連接區,且至該第二元件區; 一第二電介質層,其内襯該第二溝槽之相對側壁; 43 201029175 一第二電極,其配置於該第二溝槽中;及 -第-傳導類型的一井區,其配置於該半導體區中 且在該第一與第二溝槽之間,該井區具有—第一端.及 一第二傳導跡線,其配置於該等第一及第二溝槽 上,該傳導跡線具有垂直於該等溝槽的一長度及小於哕 長度的-寬度’該第二傳導跡線具有與該半導體區配’置 於該等溝槽之間的一部分間隔開一第一距離的—部 分,該第二跡線的該部分具有並行於該跡線之長度的一 第一及第二側,相比於該第二側,該第一側較接近於該 參 井區之該第一端;及 其中該井區的該第一端與該第二傳導跡線之該第 —侧間隔開至少一第二距離。 _ 28. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之半導體元件,其中該井 區電氣辆接於一傳導層以接受一電位。 29. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之半導體元件,其中該井 區延伸至該半導體區内的一第一深度處,且其中該第二 ^ 距離等於該第一深度。 30. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之半導體元件其中該井 區延伸至該半導體區内的一第一深度處,且其中該第二 距離等於該第一深度加上該第—深度。 31. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之半導體元件,其更包含 一第一傳導類型的一第二井區,其配置於該半導體區 中’在該第一與第二溝槽之間,且在該第一傳導跡線下。 32. 如申請專利範圍第31項所述之半導體元件,其中該第 44 201029175 二井區是電氣浮動的。 33.:申請專利範圍第22項所述之半導體元件,其更包含 第傳導類型的—井區,其配置於該半導體區中,且 在該第一傳導跡線下。 34·如申請專利_第33項所述之半導體元件,其中該第 二井區是電氣浮動的。 申明專利範圍第22項所述之半導體元件,其更包含: φ —第二溝槽,其延伸至該半導體區中,且至少從該 第一元件區延伸穿過該連接區,且至該第二元件區; -第二電介質層’其内襯該第二溝槽的相對側壁; —第二電極,其配置於該第二溝槽中;及 第一傳導類型的一井區,其配置於該半導體區中 且在該第—與第二溝槽之間,該井區從該第—元件區延 伸穿過該連接區,且至該第二元件區。
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