NO162368B - Grunnmasse til bruk i et legemiddelfrigivende preparat for syre-stabile polypeptider. - Google Patents
Grunnmasse til bruk i et legemiddelfrigivende preparat for syre-stabile polypeptider. Download PDFInfo
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- NO162368B NO162368B NO831413A NO831413A NO162368B NO 162368 B NO162368 B NO 162368B NO 831413 A NO831413 A NO 831413A NO 831413 A NO831413 A NO 831413A NO 162368 B NO162368 B NO 162368B
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- alloy
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- approx
- anodizing
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- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 title 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 title 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical group [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1641—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
- A61K9/1647—Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
- A61K9/204—Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av aluminiumplater for fargeanodisering.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en da der bare ble fremstilt fargeløse belegg, fremgangsmåte til å behandle en alumini- Det viktigste av disse problemer er en på-umlegering på en slik måte at den blir spe- litelig reproduksjon av farger og andre sielt egnet til å få påført et gjennomfarget egenskaper som angår utseendet. En arki-(inherently coloured) anodisk oksydbelegg. tekt kan f. eks. velge farget aluminium for
Det er vel kjent å fremstille gjennom- en bygningskonstruksjon ut fra små prøve-fargede anodiske oksydbelegg på alumini- stykker, hvoretter anodiseringsbedriften um og aluminiumlegeringer. Beleggene må fremstille hundrevis av kvadratmeter fremstilles ved at aluminiumgjenstanden anodisert aluminium i form av store plater som skal anodiseres, neddykkes som anode som må svare såvel til prøvestykket som til i en elektrisk krets som omfatter anoden, en hverandre for å kunne godtas for anven-inert katode og en elektrolytt som inne- deise i konstruksjonen. Under fremstilling holder svovelsyre og en eller annen av visse av et stort antall slike gjenstander kan substituerte aromatiske sulfonsyrer. De sammensetningen av elektrolytten eller aromatiske sulfonsyrer som er spesielt an- andre prosessvariable forandre seg, og slike vendelige, er sulfosalicylsyre og sulfoftal- forandringer kan påvirke utseendet av pro-syre, selv om også andre syrer er funnet å duktet. Sett fra anodiseringsbedriftens være brukbare. Skjønt svovelsyre er det standpunkt er det imidlertid mulig å holde mest anvendelige materiale til frembrin- de variable i prosessen og sammensetningen geise av sulfationer, kan anodiseringspro- av elektrolytten konstant, selv om dette sessen utføres med sulfater av tunge me- ikke er noen enkel sak, og aktpågivenhet taller oppløst i elektrolytten istedenfor eller overfor disse detaljer kan dempe forskjel-
i tillegg til svovelsyre, og det mest vanlige lene i utseendet av produktet,
av slike sulfater er jernsulfat. Det anodiske En faktor som er utenfor anodiserings-oksydbelegg som fås ved denne fremgangs- bedriftens herredømme, er imidlertid den måte, har farger i området fra gyllent til reaksjon som en legering har på en farge-sort og kan utføres med nesten en hvilken anodiseringsbehandling, og som skyldes som helst mellomliggende tone av bronse metallurgiske overveielser. To prøvestykker eller brunt. Slike farge-anodiseringsproses- av en bestemt aluminiumlegering kan f .eks. ser har fått vid anvendelse for fremstilling na anodiske oksydbelegg som har noe for-av aluminium til byggeformål og andre skjellig farge til tross for at de er fremstilt dekorative anvendelser. ved den samme anodiseringsprosess, hvis
Fremgangsmåter til fremstilling av f-eks. en av legeringene har en sammen-gjennomfargede anodiserte aluminium- setning som med hensyn til forurensnings-gjenstander har gitt opphav til problemer nivå er forskjellig fra sammensetningen av som ikke var kjent i anodiseringsteknikken den annen legering, eller hvis to legeringer med samme sammensetning har vært ut-satt for forskjellig varmebehandling under fremstillingen. Det er f. eks. kjent at forskjeller i homogeniseringstemperaturen av valseblokkene eller forskjeller i den tid blokkene holdes på homogeniseringstemperaturen eller forskjeller i avkjølingshas-tigheten av blokkene etter homogeniserin-gen kan gi vesentlige forskjeller i fargereaksjonen når disse blokker blir valset til plater og underkastet fargeanodisering. Videre kan forskjeller med hensyn til utseendet som følge av små forskjeller i for-urensingsnivået forsterkes av variasjoner i varmebehandlingen.
Ved fremstilling av platemateriale for farge-anodisering har legeringer som i klassifiseringssystemet til «Aluminium As-sociation of America» er betegnet som 5005, vist seg å ha ønskede egenskaper med hensyn til deres evne til å gi fargede anodiske oksyder og formes til glatte plater med fysiske egenskaper som er egnet for byggeformål. Vrediene for sammensetningen av en 5005-legering ifølge «Aluminium Asso-ciation of America» er:
For de bestanddeler hvor der ikke er angitt et område, angir verdiene den mak-simalt tillatte mengde. Det er funnet at en variasjon av sammensetningen innenfor de grenser som er gitt ovenfor, ikke er tillate-lig for legeringer som anvendes for farge-anodisering, idet visse av bestanddelene medfører store forandringer i fargereaksjonen, slik at legeringer med henholdsvis det høyeste og det laveste innhold gir legeringer som når de underkastes den samme anodiseringbehandling, vil gi farger som er for ulike til å kunne aksepteres. Det er videre funnet at tilstedeværelsen av for meget av visse av de forurensende bestanddeler, f. eks. Mn, Cr, Fe og Si gjør legeringene usedvanlig følsomme med hensyn til den virkning som den forutgående varmebehandling har på fargereaksjon. Visse forurensende elementer vil således få legeringen til å reagere vesentlig annerledes på farge-anodisering hvis den er termisk behandlet på én måte enn hvis den er termisk behandlet på en annen måte.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter at der er funnet frem til grenseverdier for sammensetningen av aluminiumlegeringer som kan anvendes til fremstilling av gjennomfargede anodiske oksydbelegg, og varmebehandlinger for slike legeringer som gir et platemateriale som ikke er følsomt hver-ken for moderate variasjoner i sammensetningen eller den forutgående varmebehandling. Den foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffer således aluminiumplater som er lette å anodisere til et utseende som kan reproduseres og forutses, og aluminiumplater hvor disse egenskaper med hensyn til anodiseringsreaksjonen foreligger i de val-sede produkter, slik at anodiseringsbedrif-ter, som vanligvis er dårlig utstyrt for ut-førelse av metallurgiske prosesser, rett og slett kan anodisere materialet i den varme-behandlede tilstand de mottar det, og stole på den reaksjon med hensyn til utseende som vil komme til syne i anodiseringspro-sessen.
Dette oppnås ved den fremgangsmåte
som er angitt i karakteristikken i påstand 1.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilles der således en legering som foruten aluminium inneholder 0,06—0,15 % silisium, 0,45— 0,65% jern, 0,03—0,10% kobber, 0—0,07% mangan, 0,7—0,9 % magnesium, 0,05— 0,10 % krom, 0—0,25 % sink og opptil ca. 0,15 % forskjellige forurensninger.
Alle de mengdeforhold som er angitt i beskrivelse og påstander er vektforhold. Den således sammensatte legering støpes til en blokk og oppvarmes til homogeniseringstemperatur, fortrinnsvis til mellom 593 og 621° C, hvor den holdes inntil det meste av dé oppløselige elementer er kommet i fast oppløsning, fortrinnsvis i et tidsrom av minst syv timer. Hensikten med denne be-handling er å skaffe en metallurgisk struk-tur hvor de primære legeringsbestanddeler
og forurensninger er jevnt fordelt og opp-løst i aluminiumet. Legeringen blir deretter
sakte avkjølt til en temperatur under 510° C, idet avkjølingen utføres med en gjen-nomsnittshastighet av 17° C pr. time eller langsommere. Etter at en temperatur av 510° C er nådd, kan blokken avkjøles til værelsetemperatur med praktisk talt en hvilken som helst hastighet, og den kan deretter overflatehøvles eller på annen måte forberedes for valsing. Før valsing til plater oppvarmes blokken påny til en temperatur av under 510° C, fortrinnsvis mellom 454 og 510° C, og holdes på denne temperatur i ca. en time. Valsing kan deretter utføres på vanlig måte for å fremstille plater av hvilken som helst ønsket tykkelse.
Det menes at et melkelignende eller matt utseende av anodiske oksydbelegg for-årsakes av partikler av utfelte legerings-elementer eller kombinasjoner av legerings-elementer. Ved vanlige varmebehandlinger hvor en legering homogeniseres og tas ut av ovnen for å avkjøles i luft, er avkjølings-hastigheten fra homogeniseringstemperaturen så høy at legeringen raskt når en temperatur hvor diffusjonen av atomer eller molekyler inne i legeringen er meget langsom. Av denne grunn vil utfellingen forekomme i form av mange små partikler, og dette store antall små partikler vil fremkomme i et senere fremstilt anodisk oksydbelegg, hvor de vil spre lyset og gi inntrykk av et matt eller melkelignende belegg. Blant de partikler som først ut-felles når temperaturen av en legering fal-ler under homogeniseringstemperaturen, er de jernholdige partikler, som vanligvis er kombinasjoner av jern med aluminium, mangan, krom og andre bestanddeler i legeringen.
Ved fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er den tid som går fra legeringen er på homogeniseringstemperatur, hvor alle de oppløselige bestanddeler enten er i fast oppløsning eller under opp-løsning, til den er avkjølt til 510° C, hvor diffusjonshastigheten for jernholdige partikler blir for langsom til å tillate vesentlig vekst av partikler av utfelte stoffer, tilstrekkelig lang til å tillate de jernholdige, utfelte partikler å danne seg som relativt store partikler. Den samme totale grad av utfelling foreligger enten de utfelte stoffer forekommer som små eller store partikler, og da volumet av en partikkel er propor-sjonalt med tredje potens av diameteren, vil det være klart at en legering vil inne-holde vesentlig færre partikler hvis partik-lene av utfelte stoffer tillates å bli betydelig større. Det er funnet at der er meget mindre lysspredning når der i den anodiske oksydfilm foreligger få store partikler, enn når der foreligger mange små partikler, og en anodisk oksydfilm som inneholder færre og større partikler, vil derfor være klar, varm og dyp selv om den samme mengde utfelte stoffer er tilstede i filmen.
Utførelsen av og fordelene ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse er belyst i de følgende eksempler, hvor fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen (eksempel 2) er sammenlignet med den tidligere vanlige fremgangsmåte (eksempel 1).
Eksempel 1:
Over et langt tidsrom ble der støpt og valset ca. 500 partier av en 5005-legering. Metallsammensetningen av disse partier lå innenfor følgende grenser uttrykt i %:
Alle støpeblokker ble homogenisert ved et opphold i 1—3 timer ved 538—552° C og etterfølgende avkjøling i luft til værelsetemperatur, uten noe spesielt herredømme over avkjølingshastigheten, hvoretter blokkene ble overflatehøvlet. For varmvalsing ble de overflatehøvlede blokker påny oppvarmet til 468—510° C i minst én time og valset. Ved kaldvalsing og mellomliggende utglødning varierte fremgangsmåten i over-ensstemmelse med den ønskede endelige utglødning og fulgte stort sett vanlig prak-sis. Etter etsing i en 5 %'s vandig oppløs-ning av kaustisk soda i ti minutter ved 54° C ble prøvestykker av plater fra hvert parti anodisert i et vandig bad som inneholdt 90—100 g/l sulfosalicylsyre og 4,5—5,5 g/l svovelsyre. Temperaturen av badet var 25° C, og anodestrømtettheten ved begynnelsen 258 A/m-. Etter at spenningen over anodi-seringscellen nådde 50 volt, ble anodiserin-gen fortsatt under denne spenning inntil 116 Ah/m<2> hadde passert gjennom platen. De anodiserte plater ble deretter neddykket i tjue minutter ved 91—96° C i et vandig bad som inneholdt 1,0 g/l natruimlignosul-fat og 0,5 g/l nikkelacetat, ved en pH-verdi av 5,0 ± 0,2. Fargen av hver anodisert plate ble målt i henhold til CIE-systemet for fargemåling under anvendelse av en Photo-volt Tristimulus Reflectionmeter Model 610. Refleksjonsfaktoren for grønt lys, som er en angivelse av mørkheten eller lysheten av overflaten, ble målt som den prosentuelle andel av innfallende grønt lys som ble reflektert av overflaten. Gulhetsfaktoren, som fås som ble også målt. Disse målinger skaffer en praktisk fremgangsmåte til sammenligning av fargeforskjeller av gjennomfargede ano-
diserte overflater. De forskjellige partier av plater i dette eksempel viste en refleksjons-
faktor for grønt lys i området fra 12—24 og en gulhetsfaktor i området fra 16—43. For anvendelse av gjennomf arget anodisert aluminium til byggeformål er et område av denne størrelse utilfredsstillende.
Eksempel 2:
Over et langt tidsrom ble ca. 50 partier
av en 5005-legering støpt og valset. Metallsammensetningen av disse partier falt in-
nenfor følgende grenser uttrykt i % :
Alle støpeblokker ble homogenisert
ved opphold i ikke mindre enn 9 timer ved 593—621° C og avkjøling med en gjennom-
snittlig hastighet av 170° C pr. time eller langsommere til 510° C. Støpeblokkene ble deretter luftkjølt til værelsetemperatur og overflatehøvlet. For varmvalsing ble blok-
kene deretter oppvarmet påny til 454—510°
C, holdt på denne temperatur i minst én
time og deretter valset. Kaldvalsing og ut-
glødning ble utført som i eksempel 1. Alle plateprøver fra dette eksempel ble deretter etset, anodisert og tettet som angitt i ek-
sempel 1, hvoretter fargefaktorene ble målt. Refleksjonsfaktoren for grønt lys lå
i området fra 19—27 og gulhetsfaktoren i området fra 22—29. Dette er betydelig min-
dre områder enn i eksempel 1, og dette ma-
teriale er derfor å foretrekke for bygge-
formål.
I tillegg til det snevrere område for
fargen som fås ved anvendelse av mate-
rialet ifølge oppfinnelsen, fås der ytter-
ligere den fordel at de anodiske belegg virker betydelig mer tiltalende og glans-
fulle. Videre ville også gjennomsiktige (clear) anodiske belegg fremstilt ved svovelsyreanodisering av materialet ifølge oppfinnelsen oppvise en lignende tiltalende glans i motsetning til det matte utseende av materialet ifølge eksempel 1 anodisert på tilsvarende måte. Ved forlenget etsing av materialet ifølge oppfinnelsen fulgt av
svovelsyreanodisering kan overflaten dess-
uten bibringes et ønsket hvitt utseende.
En legering som er satt sammen, var-mebehandlet og valset som angitt ovenfor,
har følgende egenskaper. Det er en 5005-
legering med ønskede egenskaper med hen-
syn til styrke og bearbeidbarhet, gode over-flateegenskaper og gode anodiserings-
egenskaper. Legeringen er ikke overdrevet følsom overfor variasjoner i den forutgå-
ende varmebehandling. Det vil si at to blokker som er underkastet en hvilken som helst varmebehandling innenfor området som er karakteristisk for oppfinnelsen, vil oppvise omtrent den samme reaksjon på en farge-anodiseringsbehandling. Et materia-
le som er sammensatt som angitt ovenfor,
er ikke følsomt overfor variasjoner i sam-
mensetning innenfor de angitte grenser.
Det vil si at to blokker som har en sam-
mensetning ifølge oppfinnelsen, vil oppvise omtrent den samme reaksjon på fargeano-diseringsbehandling. De sammensetninger og varmebehandlinger som er angitt oven-
for, binder (lock-in) farge-anodiserings-
reaksjonen av platen, slik at anodiserings-
bedrifter kan stole på fargereaksjonen av en legering de mottar og bare behøver å
konsentrere seg om detaljer ved den elek-
trolytiske anodiseringsoperasjon som de ut-
fører, for å sikre reproduserbare farger i produktet.
Claims (4)
1. Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av aluminiumplater for farge-anodisering, karakterisert ved at der fremstilles en legering som består av 0,06—0,15 % silisium, 0,45—0,65 % jern, 0,03—010 % kobber, 0—0,07 % mangan, 0,7—0,9 % magnesium, 0,05—0,1 % krom, 0—0,25 % sink, ikke mer enn 0,15 % tilsammen av øvrige bestand-
deler og resten aluminium, og den således sammensatte legering oppvarmes til homogeniseringstemperatur i et tidsrom som er tilstrekkelig til å bringe det meste av de oppløselige bestanddeler i fast oppløsning, hvoretter legeringen avkjøles fra homogeniseringstemperaturen til en temperatur under ca. 510° C med en gjennomsnitts-hastighet av mindre enn 17° C pr. time og den resulterende legering valses til plater.
2. Fremgangsmåten som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at homogeniseringstemperaturen er ca. 593— 621° C.
3. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i påstand 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at lege- ringen avkjøles fra 510° C til værelsetemperatur, overflatehøvles og oppvarmes på-ny til en temperatur av ca. 454—510° C, hvoretter den valses til plater.
4. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i påstand 2, karakterisert ved at legeringen holdes på homogeniseringstemperatur i minst 9 timer, at den etter avkjøling til ca. 510° C avkjøles ytterligere til en temperatur under 104°C , og at legeringen deretter oppvarmes påny til en temperatur av ca. 454—510° C og holdes på denne temperatur i minst en time før den valses.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO841544A NO164302C (no) | 1982-04-22 | 1984-04-17 | Farmasoeytisk eller veterinaermedisinsk godtagbar amfipatisk ikke-fornettet, lineaer forgrenet eller pode-blokk-kopolymer. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8211704 | 1982-04-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO831413L NO831413L (no) | 1983-10-24 |
NO162368B true NO162368B (no) | 1989-09-11 |
Family
ID=10529874
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO831413A NO162368B (no) | 1982-04-22 | 1983-04-21 | Grunnmasse til bruk i et legemiddelfrigivende preparat for syre-stabile polypeptider. |
Country Status (19)
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US (2) | US4526938A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0092918B1 (no) |
JP (2) | JPS58191714A (no) |
AT (1) | ATE37983T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU566010B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA1246265A (no) |
DE (1) | DE3378250D1 (no) |
DK (1) | DK165458C (no) |
ES (2) | ES521713A0 (no) |
FI (1) | FI80284C (no) |
GR (1) | GR78529B (no) |
HU (1) | HU198093B (no) |
IE (1) | IE54728B1 (no) |
IL (1) | IL68426A (no) |
NO (1) | NO162368B (no) |
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PT (1) | PT76576B (no) |
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