JP7273930B2 - 透明導電性シート - Google Patents
透明導電性シート Download PDFInfo
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- JP7273930B2 JP7273930B2 JP2021180164A JP2021180164A JP7273930B2 JP 7273930 B2 JP7273930 B2 JP 7273930B2 JP 2021180164 A JP2021180164 A JP 2021180164A JP 2021180164 A JP2021180164 A JP 2021180164A JP 7273930 B2 JP7273930 B2 JP 7273930B2
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Description
図1に示すように、この透明導電性シート1は、所定厚みを有し、厚み方向に直交する面方向に延びるシート形状を有する。この透明導電性シート1は、基材層2と、透明導電層3とを厚み方向一方側に向かって順に備える。具体的には、透明導電性シート1は、基材層2と、基材層2の厚み方向一方面に配置される透明導電層3とを備える。
基材層2は、透明導電性シート1の機械強度を確保するための透明基材である。基材層2は、面方向に延びる。基材層2は、基材第1主面21および基材第2主面22を有する。基材第1主面21は、平坦面である。基材第2主面22は、基材第1主面21に対して厚み方向他方側に間隔を隔てて対向配置される。なお、基材層2は、透明導電層3の第2主面6(後述)側に位置する。基材第2主面22は、基材第1主面21に平行する。
透明基材41は、フィルム形状を有する。
機能層42は、透明基材41の厚み方向一方面に配置されている。
透明導電層3は、基材層2の厚み方向一方側に配置されている。具体的には、透明導電層3は、基材層2の基材第1主面21の全面に接触している。透明導電層3は、所定厚みを有し、好ましくは、厚み方向に直交する面方向に延びる単一の層である領域を含み、より好ましくは、厚み方向に直交する面方向に延びる単一の層である。具体的には、好ましくは、透明導電層3は、厚み方向に積層される複数の層ではない領域を含み、より好ましくは、透明導電層3は、厚み方向に積層される複数の層ではない。より詳しくは、面方向に沿って仕切られる複数の透明導電層であって、基材層2の第1主面21に平行な境界を含む複数の透明導電層は、本発明の透明導電層に含まれないことが好ましい。
透明導電層3および透明導電性シート1の製造方法を、図3を参照して説明する。
第1工程では、基材層2を準備する。
第2工程では、図3Cに示すように、基材層2の厚み方向一方面に、透明導電層3を配置する。
第3工程では、非晶質の透明導電層3を加熱する。例えば、加熱装置(例えば、赤外線ヒーター、および、熱風オーブン)によって、非晶質の透明導電層3を加熱する。
透明導電性シート1を、部品の厚み方向一方面に配置して、透明導電性シート付き物品を得ることもできる。
この透明導電層3では、第1主面5にエッチング液が接触すると、エッチング液が2つの端縁23から第1粒界7に浸入し易い。そのため、この第1粒界7に仕切られる第1結晶粒31が容易にエッチングされ易い。具体的には、第1結晶粒31を仕切る第1粒界7の両端縁23がいずれも第1主面5に面するため、エッチング液が第1粒界7に浸入すると、両端縁23からのエッチング液が、中間領域25で合流する。第1結晶粒31は、例えば、第2主面6に面する第3結晶粒33に支持されず、透明導電層3から容易にエッチング(欠落・脱落を含む)され易い。その結果、この透明導電性シート1では、透明導電層3のエッチング速度が高い。
以下の各変形例において、上記した一実施形態と同様の部材および工程については、同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。また、各変形例は、特記する以外、一実施形態と同様の作用効果を奏することができる。さらに、一実施形態およびその変形例を適宜組み合わせることができる。
1.透明導電層および透明導電性シートの製造
実施例1
<第1工程>
透明基材としての長尺のPETフィルム(厚さ50μm、東レ社製)の厚み方向一方面に、ハードコート組成物(アクリル樹脂を含有する紫外線硬化性樹脂)を塗布して塗膜を形成した。次に、紫外線照射によって、塗膜を硬化させた。これにより、ハードコート層(厚さ2μm)を形成した。これにより、基材層を準備した。
次に、反応性スパッタリング法により、基材層(ハードコート層)の厚み方向一方面に、厚さ150nmの非晶質の透明導電層を配置した。反応性スパッタリング法では、ロールトゥロール方式で成膜プロセスを実施できるスパッタ成膜装置(DCマグネトロンスパッタリング装置)を使用した。
非晶質の透明導電層を、熱風オーブン内での加熱によって結晶化させた。加熱温度は165℃とし、加熱時間は1時間とした。
実施例1と同様の手順により、透明導電層および透明導電性シートを製造した。
但し、第2工程を以下の通り、変更した。
反応性スパッタリング法により、基材層(ハードコート層)の厚み方向一方面に、厚さ50nmの非晶質の透明導電層を配置した。反応性スパッタリング法では、ロールトゥロール方式で成膜プロセスを実施できるスパッタ成膜装置(DCマグネトロンスパッタリング装置)を使用した。
実施例1と同様の手法で、透明導電層とともに、透明導電性フィルムを得た。
但し、第2工程において、スパッタリングガスを、クリプトンおよびアルゴンの混合ガス(クリプトン90体積%、アルゴン10体積%)に変更した。
実施例1と同様の手法で、透明導電層とともに、透明導電性シートを得た。
但し、第2工程において、スパッタリングガスをアルゴンガスに変更した。また、第2工程において、スパッタリングガスと、反応性ガスとしての酸素とを導入した後における、成膜室内の気圧を0.4Paに変更した。
実施例1と同様の手法で、透明導電層とともに、透明導電性シートを得た。
[透明導電層の厚み]
実施例1、実施例3および比較例1、2における透明導電層の厚さを、FE-TEM観察(断面観察)により測定した。具体的には、まず、FIBマイクロサンプリング法により、実施例1および比較例1、2における透明導電層の断面観察用サンプルを作製した。FIBマイクロサンプリング法では、FIB装置(商品名「FB2200」、Hitachi製)を使用し、加速電圧を10kVとした。次に、断面観察用サンプルにおける透明導電層の厚さを、FE-TEM観察によって測定した。FE-TEM観察では、FE-TEM装置(商品名「JEM-2800」,JEOL製)を使用し、加速電圧を200kVとした。それぞれの厚みを、表1に示す。
実施例1、実施例2、実施例3および比較例2における透明導電層がクリプトン原子を含有することは、次のようにして確認した。まず、走査型蛍光X線分析装置(商品名「ZSX PrimusIV」、リガク社製)を使用して、下記の測定条件にて蛍光X線分析測定を5回繰り返し、各走査角度の平均値を算出し、X線スペクトルを作成した。そして、作成されたX線スペクトルにおいて、走査角度28.2°近傍にピークが出ていることを確認することにより、透明導電層にクリプトン原子が含有されることを確認した。
スペクトル;Kr-KA
測定径:30mm
雰囲気:真空
ターゲット:Rh
管電圧:50kV
管電流:60mA
1次フィルタ:Ni40
走査角度(deg):27.0~29.5
ステップ(deg):0.020
速度(deg/分):0.75
アッテネータ:1/1
スリット:S2
分光結晶:LiF(200)
検出器:SC
PHA:100~300
ラザフォード後方散乱分光法(RBS)により、実施例2および実施例3の第1希ガス原子不含透明導電層と、比較例1の透明導電層にアルゴン原子が含有されていることを確認した。より詳細には、In+Sn(ラザフォード後方散乱分光法では、InとSnを分離しての測定が困難であるため、2元素の合算として評価した。)、O、Arの4元素を検出元素として測定し、光透過性導電層におけるアルゴン原子の存在を確認した。使用装置および測定条件は、下記の通りである。
Pelletron 3SDH(National Electrostatics Corporation製)
<測定条件>
入射イオン:4He++
入射エネルギー:2300keV
入射角:0deg
散乱角:160deg
試料電流:6nA
ビーム径:2mmφ
面内回転:無
照射量:75μC
FIBマイクロサンプリング法により、各実施例、および、各比較例の透明導電性シートを断面調整した後、それぞれの透明導電層の断面に対してFE-TEM観察を実施し、第1粒界、第2粒界および第1結晶粒の有無を観察した。なお、倍率を、いずれかの結晶粒が観察できるように、設定した。第1粒界、第2粒界および第1結晶粒の有無を、表1に示す。
なお、実施例1、実施例2および比較例1では、第1粒界、第2粒界および第1結晶粒とともに、第2結晶粒、第3結晶粒、および、第4結晶粒が観測された。
FIB装置:Hitachi製 FB2200、 加速電圧:10kV
FE-TEM 装置: JEOL製 JEM-2800、加速電圧:200kV
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電層の表面抵抗を四端子測定した。得られた表面抵抗に、透明導電層の厚みを乗じることで、比抵抗値を求めた。比抵抗値について、以下の基準に基づき評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
○:比抵抗値が、1.6×10-4Ωcm以下であった。
△:比抵抗値が、1.7×10-4Ωcm以上、2.2×10-4Ωcm以下であった。
×:比抵抗値が、2.2×10-4Ωcm超過であった。
各実施例、比較例の透明導電性シートを、濃度7質量%、35℃の塩酸に浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥し、15mm間の端子間抵抗をテスタにて測定した(テスタでの測定周期は15秒毎とした)。本明細書においては、塩酸への浸漬・水洗・乾燥後に、15mm間の端子間抵抗が50kΩを超える、若しくは、絶縁になった時間を、透明導電層3のエッチングが完了した時間とし、その時間を透明導電層の総厚で割ることで透明導電層を1nmエッチングするのに要する時間(エッチングレート(秒/nm))を求め、以下の基準で評価を実施した。
○:単位厚み当たりのエッチング時間が、12(秒/nm)以上~20(秒/nm)以下であった。
△:単位厚み当たりのエッチング時間が、12(秒/nm)未満であった。
×:単位厚み当たりのエッチング時間が、20(秒/nm)超過であった。
2 基材層
3 透明導電層
4 結晶粒
5 第1主面
6 第2主面
8 第2粒界
9 端縁
25 中間領域
31 第1結晶粒
55 側面
56 一側面
Claims (1)
- 透明導電層と基材層とを順に備える透明導電性シートであって、
前記透明導電層は、厚み方向に互いに対向する第1主面および第2主面を備え、
断面視における2つの端縁がいずれも前記第2主面に開放され、両端縁の間の中間領域が第1主面に接触せず、前記中間領域が分岐点を有する粒界と、
前記粒界に仕切られ、前記第2主面のみに面する第4結晶粒と
前記粒界における前記分岐点から分岐され、一端縁が前記分岐点に含まれ、他端縁が前記第1主面に開放される第2粒界とを有し、
アルゴン原子よりも原子番号の大きい希ガス原子を含有し、
前記透明導電層の前記第2主面は、前記基材層と接触する、透明導電性シート。
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