JP6316991B2 - 3次元物体を生成するための方法 - Google Patents
3次元物体を生成するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6316991B2 JP6316991B2 JP2016576103A JP2016576103A JP6316991B2 JP 6316991 B2 JP6316991 B2 JP 6316991B2 JP 2016576103 A JP2016576103 A JP 2016576103A JP 2016576103 A JP2016576103 A JP 2016576103A JP 6316991 B2 JP6316991 B2 JP 6316991B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
-
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Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願シリアル番号第62/015,230号(2014年6月20日出願)、米国仮特許出願シリアル番号第62/028,760号(2014年6月24日出願)、米国仮特許出願シリアル番号第62/063,867号(2014年10月14日出願)、米国仮特許出願シリアル番号第62/136,378号(2015年3月20日出願)、および米国仮特許出願シリアル番号第62/168,699号(2015年5月29日出願)の優先権を主張し、その各々は参照により本明細書に全体が組み込まれる。
本明細書で述べられているすべての出版物、特許、および特許出願は、あたかも各個別の出版物、特許、または特許出願が参照により組み込まれているように具体的かつ個別に示されているのと同一の程度で参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
以下は本開示の方法の例示的かつ非限定的な実施例である。
25cm×25cm×30cmの容器内で、周囲温度および周囲圧力にて、1.56kgの平均粒子サイズ35μmのステンレス鋼316L粉末を粉体層を収容する容器内に堆積した。容器はエンクロージャ内に配置された。エンクロージャをアルゴンガスで5分間パージした。容器内に平均高さ2mmの層が定置された。選択されたレーザー溶融方法を使用して、200Wファイバー1060nmレーザービームを用いて2つの実質的に平らな表面が製造された。2つの実質的に平ら表面は、基準点として機能する補助的な支持部を介して基部に接続された(図21A、2103および2104に示されるように)。本明細書に記述される方法を使用して、2つの追加的な平らな平面は補助的な支持部を用いずに製造された。(図21A、2101および2102に示されるように)。4つの表面が製造され、これらは実質的に同一の平面上に置かれた。引き続いて、本明細書に記述された粉末払い出し器を使用して75μmの平均高さを有する粉末材料の層が平面の上に堆積された。本明細書に記述された平準化部材を使用して、粉末は50μmに平準化された。引き続いて表面は、露出した粉体層の表面に対して実質的に垂直な方向からの空気の柔らかい一吹きを使用して露にされた。平面移動の程度を解明するために、画像は2メガピクセルの電荷結合素子(CCD)カメラによって収集され、かつ画像処理プログラムを介して解析された。図21A〜図21Bは実験結果の実施例を示し、図21Aは平準化部材による平準化前の平面を示し、また図21Bは平準化部材による平準化後の平面を示す(図21Bは2つの係止された基準平面2113および2114、ならびに2つの懸架された平面2111および2112を示す)。
Claims (29)
- 3次元物体を生成するための方法であって、
(a)第1の頂部表面を有する粉体層を提供するために、粉末材料による第1層をエンクロージャ内に提供する工程と、
(b)前記第1層の少なくとも一部から前記3次元物体の少なくとも一部を生成するために、エネルギービームを前記粉末材料による第1層に誘導する工程と、
(c)前記エンクロージャ内に第2の頂部表面を有する粉末材料による第2層を払い出す工程と、
(d)前記第2の頂部表面の最も低い点又はその下方にある第1の平面状表面を形成するために、前記粉末材料による第2層を刈り取る工程であって、ブレード又はエアナイフを用いることを含む工程と、
(e)前記第1の平面状表面の下方に配置される第2の平面状表面の上方にある実質的に全ての粉末材料を、前記第2の平面状表面を形成するために前記粉末材料による第2層から粉末除去システムによって除去する工程であって、真空吸引、磁力、静電気力、又は気体の陽圧を用いることを含む工程と、
を含み、
前記除去する工程(e)は、前記粉末除去システムによる前記粉体層への接触がない場合に生じ、さらに前記除去する工程(e)中は、前記粉末材料による第1層は、前記3次元物体の少なくとも一部、及び前記3次元物体の少なくとも一部を形成しなかった流動性を有する残りの部分の粉末を含む、方法。 - 前記粉末材料は、元素金属、金属合金、セラミック、又は元素炭素の同素体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記3次元物体の生成とは、前記粉末材料を変換させて、硬化材料へと硬化する変換材料を生成することを含み、前記硬化材料の少なくとも一部は、前記第1の頂部表面から突出して突出部を形成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記突出部は、前記3次元物体の少なくとも一部である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記突出部は、前記硬化材料の歪み、曲がり、膨張、又は球状化を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記突出部は、前記3次元物体の一部ではない硬化材料を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記突出部は、前記第1の頂部表面に対して、約10マイクロメートル〜約500マイクロメートルの高さを有する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記突出部は、前記第2の平面状表面から突出する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記突出部は、前記第1の平面状表面又は前記第2の頂部表面からは突出しない、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の頂部表面から前記第2の平面状表面までの平均垂直距離が、約5マイクロメートル〜約1000マイクロメートルである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の頂部表面から前記第1の平面状表面までの平均垂直距離が、約10マイクロメートル〜約500マイクロメートルである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記除去する工程(e)は、真空吸引によって行われることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1層及び/又は前記第2層において余剰の粉末材料を再使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の平面状表面は、前記第1の頂部表面の上方に配置される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記粉末材料による第2層を刈り取って前記第1の平面状表面を形成する場合において、前記3次元物体の少なくとも一部が約300マイクロメートル以下に渡って変位する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記払い出す工程(c)は、空隙によって前記第2の頂部表面から離間される粉末払い出し器から、前記粉末材料を払い出すことを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空隙は、約10マイクロメートル〜約50マイクロメートルの離間距離である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記除去する工程(e)は、均一な平面を有する前記第2の平面状表面を形成するために、前記第2層の払い出し工程(c)と同期する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記払い出す工程(c)は、出口開口ポートを有する粉末払い出し器を用いることを含み、前記出口開口部、又は前記出口開口部と前記粉体層の頂部表面との間に、少なくとも1つの妨害物が配される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記妨害物は、粗面を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記妨害物は、メッシュ又は複数の穴を有する平面を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記除去する工程(e)は、粉末入口ポートを含む粉末除去部材を用いることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記粉末除去部材は、真空ノズルを備える、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記粉体層は、前記粉末材料を構成する個々の粒子を含み、前記粉末材料は、元素金属、金属合金、セラミック、及び元素炭素の同素体からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記払い出す工程(c)は、少なくとも1つの高さセンサーに接続される粉末払い出し器を用いることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記払い出す工程(c)は、前記粉末材料を提供する粉末払い出し器を用いることを含み、前記粉末払い出し器は振動環境下に晒される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記粉末材料による第2層は、前記粉末材料による第1層の少なくとも一部を被覆する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記刈り取る工程(d)は、ブレードを用いることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記刈り取る工程(d)は、エアナイフを用いることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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