JP5740716B2 - 3次元造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
3次元造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 189
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 189
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/37—Rotatable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/58—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads for changing the material composition, e.g. by mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K13/00—Welding by high-frequency current heating
- B23K13/01—Welding by high-frequency current heating by induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1053—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by induction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
本発明の第1実施形態に係る3次元造形物の製造方法について図2を参照しつつ説明する。製造設備51は、工程の上流側から順に、第1スクリュフィーダ1・第2スクリュフィーダ2、材料混合器3、ホッパ4(容器)、中間受台5、およびレーザ光出射部6などを有する造形テーブル8を備えている。
混合工程は、第1金属粉末P1と、当該第1金属粉末P1とは異なる第2金属粉末P2とを混合して異種金属混合粉末を得る工程である。スクリュフィーダ1,2は、それぞれ、金属粉末P1,P2を貯留しておく容器1a,2aと、容器1a,2aの下に配置され所定量の金属粉末P1,P2を送り出すスクリュ式のフィーダ1b,2bとで構成される。
造形工程は、混合工程で得られた異種金属混合粉末を焼結または溶融・固化させる工程である。第1金属粉末P1と第2金属粉末P2とが均一に混合されてなる異種金属混合粉末は、材料混合器3の底板3bを回動させて開くことで、ホッパ4に供給される。
ここで、本発明では、製造する造形物の部位に基づいて、上記した混合工程における第1金属粉末P1と第2金属粉末P2との混合割合を変化させる。例えば、第1金属粉末P1が鉄粉末であり、第2金属粉末P2がチタン粉末である場合を仮定すると、造形物のうちの耐食性を特に必要としない部位はコストを優先して第1金属粉末P1の割合を高めにし、強度および耐食性の両方が必要とされる部位は第2金属粉末P2の割合を高めにするなどである。第1金属粉末P1の割合を100%にしたり、第2金属粉末P2の割合を100%にしたりしてもよい。
本発明によると、製造する造形物の部位に基づいて、混合工程における第1金属粉末P1と第2金属粉末P2との混合割合を変化させることで、一つの部品(製品)の各部の性質(物理的・化学的性質)が異なる造形物を製造することができる。これにより、付加価値の高い部品(製品)を製造することができる。
本発明の第2実施形態に係る3次元造形物の製造方法について図3を参照しつつ説明する。なお、ここでの説明においては、第1実施形態の製造設備51を構成する機器と同じ構成機器については同一の符号を付して、その説明が重複する部分に関しては、その説明を適宜省略することとする(第3実施形態においても同様)。
本実施形態では、造形工程において、ホッパ4の落下口4aよりも縮径した吐出口10aを有する位置制御可能な粉末供給容器10を介して異種金属混合粉末を造形テーブル8の上にホッパ4から落下させる。詳細には、製造工程における一番最初は、造形テーブル8の上に直接、異種金属混合粉末を落下させ、その後は、造形テーブル8の上であって一つ前に焼結または溶融・固化した層の上に異種金属混合粉末を落下させる。
本発明の第3実施形態に係る3次元造形物の製造方法について図4を参照しつつ説明する。
本実施形態では、造形工程において、ホッパ4の落下口4aよりも縮径した吐出口11aを有する位置制御可能な溶融金属供給容器11にて、異種金属混合粉末を溶解させ、溶解した溶融金属を造形テーブル8の上に落下させる。詳細には、製造工程における一番最初は、造形テーブル8の上に直接、溶融金属を落下させ、その後は、造形テーブル8の上であって一つ前に固化した層の上に溶融金属を落下させる。
2:第2スクリュフィーダ
3:材料混合器
4:ホッパ(容器)
5:中間受台
6:レーザ光出射部
7:ブレード
8:造形テーブル
9:テーブルガイド壁
P1:第1金属粉末
P2:第2金属粉末
Claims (3)
- 第1金属粉末と、当該第1金属粉末とは異なる第2金属粉末とを混合して異種金属混合粉末を得る混合工程と、
前記混合工程で得られた異種金属混合粉末を焼結または溶融・固化させる造形工程と、
を備える、3次元造形物の製造方法であって、
前記混合工程において、前記第1金属粉末と前記第2金属粉末とを材料混合器内にその上方から落下させ、当該材料混合器内で攪拌することで混合し、
前記造形工程において、縮径した落下口を有する容器を介して前記異種金属混合粉末を前記材料混合器から水平方向に旋回自在な中間受台の上に落下させ、その後、当該中間受台から造形テーブルの上に前記異種金属混合粉末を落下させ、その後、前記異種金属混合粉末をブレードで薄層にし、
前記中間受台は、
モータが取り付けられ、先端側に向かって低くなるように水平に対して傾斜させられた受台本体を有し、
前記受台本体の前記異種金属混合粉末が移動する方向に対する両側部にはガイド壁部が設けられており、
前記造形工程において、前記モータの駆動により前記受台本体を振動させることで、前記異種金属混合粉末を前記造形テーブルの上に落下させ、
製造する3次元造形物の部位に基づいて、前記混合工程における前記第1金属粉末と前記第2金属粉末との混合割合を変化させる、3次元造形物の製造方法。 - 第1金属粉末と、当該第1金属粉末とは異なる第2金属粉末とを混合して異種金属混合粉末を得る混合工程と、
前記混合工程で得られた異種金属混合粉末を焼結または溶融・固化させる造形工程と、
を備える、3次元造形物の製造方法であって、
前記混合工程において、前記第1金属粉末と前記第2金属粉末とを材料混合器内にその上方から落下させ、当該材料混合器内で攪拌することで混合し、
前記造形工程において、縮径した落下口を有する容器の当該落下口よりも縮径した吐出口を有する位置制御可能な粉末供給容器を介して、前記材料混合器から前記容器の中に落下した前記異種金属混合粉末を、当該異種金属混合粉末が重力で動いてしまわないように水平方向に対する傾きを制御した揺動可能な造形テーブルの上であって一つ前に焼結または溶融・固化した層の上に前記容器から落下させ、
製造する3次元造形物の部位に基づいて、前記混合工程における前記第1金属粉末と前記第2金属粉末との混合割合を変化させる、3次元造形物の製造方法。 - 第1金属粉末と、当該第1金属粉末とは異なる第2金属粉末とを混合して異種金属混合粉末を得る混合工程と、
前記混合工程で得られた異種金属混合粉末を焼結または溶融・固化させる造形工程と、
を備える、3次元造形物の製造方法であって、
前記混合工程において、前記第1金属粉末と前記第2金属粉末とを材料混合器内にその上方から落下させ、当該材料混合器内で攪拌することで混合し、
前記造形工程において、縮径した落下口を有する容器の当該落下口よりも縮径した吐出口を有する位置制御可能な溶融金属供給容器を介して、前記材料混合器から前記容器の中に落下した前記異種金属混合粉末を、溶融した当該異種金属混合粉末が重力で動いてしまわないように水平方向に対する傾きを制御した揺動可能な造形テーブルの上であって一つ前に焼結または溶融・固化した層の上に前記容器から溶融させた後に落下させ、
製造する3次元造形物の部位に基づいて、前記混合工程における前記第1金属粉末と前記第2金属粉末との混合割合を変化させる、3次元造形物の製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2013110002A JP5740716B2 (ja) | 2013-05-24 | 2013-05-24 | 3次元造形物の製造方法 |
PCT/JP2014/058604 WO2014188778A1 (ja) | 2013-05-24 | 2014-03-26 | 3次元造形物の製造方法 |
US14/950,103 US20160074938A1 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2015-11-24 | Production method for three-dimensional shaped article |
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JP2013110002A JP5740716B2 (ja) | 2013-05-24 | 2013-05-24 | 3次元造形物の製造方法 |
Publications (2)
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JP2014227587A JP2014227587A (ja) | 2014-12-08 |
JP5740716B2 true JP5740716B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
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JP6316991B2 (ja) | 2014-06-20 | 2018-04-25 | ヴェロ・スリー・ディー・インコーポレイテッド | 3次元物体を生成するための方法 |
KR101736554B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-05-17 | 주식회사 포스코 | 구성부재 및 그 제조방법 |
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CN106553344A (zh) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-04-05 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | 3d打印智能送粉系统及3d打印机 |
JP2017087469A (ja) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-25 | 株式会社リコー | 立体造形装置 |
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JP2821081B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-13 | 1998-11-05 | 宮城県 | 多成分系粉末積層体の製造方法 |
JP2006200030A (ja) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-08-03 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | 立体造形物の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP2011021218A (ja) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-02-03 | Kinki Univ | 積層造形用粉末材料及び粉末積層造形法 |
FR2949988B1 (fr) * | 2009-09-17 | 2011-10-07 | Phenix Systems | Procede de realisation d'un objet par traitement laser a partir d'au moins deux materiaux pulverulents differents et installation correspondante |
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US20160074938A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
JP2014227587A (ja) | 2014-12-08 |
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