JP6277197B2 - デバイスおよびデバイスの形成方法 - Google Patents
デバイスおよびデバイスの形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6277197B2 JP6277197B2 JP2015540208A JP2015540208A JP6277197B2 JP 6277197 B2 JP6277197 B2 JP 6277197B2 JP 2015540208 A JP2015540208 A JP 2015540208A JP 2015540208 A JP2015540208 A JP 2015540208A JP 6277197 B2 JP6277197 B2 JP 6277197B2
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- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium nitrate Chemical class [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002152 aqueous-organic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L disodium maleate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002391 graphite-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001956 neutron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000329 polyazepine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001088 polycarbazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000417 polynaphthalene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001370 static light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Landscapes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
アノード集電体層201は、任意の導電性材料、好ましくは金属または金属合金から形成し得る。 金属および合金の典型例は銅、ニッケル、鋼、およびチタンである。 導電性カーボンは、アノード集電体層201の形成に用い得る非金属の導電性材料の一例である。 アノード集電体層は、上に複合アノード層を形成し得る基板を供する。
好適な活性粒子状材料として、本質的にドープまたは非ドープのシリコンで構成される材料、ドープまたは非ドープのシリコンおよび1つ以上のさらなる元素または化合物を含有する複合シリコン含有活物質、黒鉛および1つ以上のさらなる元素を含有し得る複合黒鉛含有活物質、ならびに本質的に黒鉛で構成される化合物が挙げられ、そのいずれも以下に説明するような任意の構造を有し得る。
・シリコンコアから一体に延びるシリコンピラーを備えたシリコンコアを有する粒子
・非シリコンコアから延びるシリコンピラーを備えた導電性材料の非シリコンコア、例えば黒鉛コアを有する粒子
・シリコンシェルで被覆されるとともにシリコンシェルから一体に延びるシリコンピラーを備えた導電性材料の非シリコンコア、例えば黒鉛コアを有する粒子
典型的なバインダーとして、ポリイミド、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)、およびそれらの塩、特にそれらのアルカリ金属塩、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(Na−CMC)、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム(SBR)ならびに必要に応じて非活性導電性添加物が挙げられる。 コポリマーおよびバインダーの混合物もまた用いてもよい。 コポリマー中の各モノマーまたはポリマー混合物中の各ポリマーの相対比率は、層または副層内の主活性成分の組成に依存する。
各複合アノード層は、それぞれが独立して1つ以上の粒子状非活性導電性添加剤、例えばカーボンファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ、ケッチェンブラック、ランプブラック、アセチレンブラック、ピッチ(ブラック)およびグラフェンを含有し得る。 カーボンブラックの混合物を用いることができる。 具体例として、気相成長されたカーボンファイバー(VGCF)、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)およびケッチェンブラックの調合品EC600が挙げられる。 存在する場合、添加剤は、組成物の0.25重量%〜20重量%、必要に応じて0.25重量%〜10重量%の量で供給し得る。
集電体などの電極基板上に層または副層を成膜する方法としては、ドクターブレード法、スプレーコーティング、静電コーティング、スピンコーティング、パウダーコーティング、垂直コーティング、ディップコーティングおよび化学蒸着が挙げられる。 これらの技術の多くに関する成膜パラメータは当業者に知られている。
活物質としての活性シリコン材料と黒鉛の組成物を有するアノード、昭和電工から入手可能な細長い導電性カーボン添加剤VGCF、およびBOC社から入手可能なPVDFバインダーを用いて、単一の複合ハイブリッドアノード層を有するスウェージロック(登録商標)式の試験用セルを作製した。 複合アノード層は、10μm厚の銅箔上の複合層成分のスラリーで成膜した。 アルミニウム箔上のNCAカソード(Li1+xNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2)および2つの電極間の東燃社のセパレータを用いた。 電極とセパレータは、添加剤としてVC(炭酸ビニレン、3質量%)、FEC(炭酸フルオロエチレン、10質量%)、およびCO2(0.2質量%)を含むEC/EMCに1MLiPF6を溶かした電解質溶液で湿潤させた。
2つの複合アノード層を設けた以外は比較用デバイスの一般的なプロセスによりデバイスを作製した。
Claims (19)
- 導電層、第1の複合電極層、第2の複合電極層を順に備える多層電極であって、前記各複合電極層は金属イオン電池の活物質として使用するのに適した粒子状材料およびバインダーを含み、
前記第1の複合電極層の活物質の主成分(第1の主活性成分)が活性なカーボンであり、前記第2の複合電極層の活物質の主成分(第2の主活性成分)がシリコンであり、
前記第1の複合電極層の前記バインダーがPVDF、ポリイミド(PI)、またはそれらの混合物であり、前記第2の複合電極層の前記バインダーがPAAもしくはその塩、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)もしくはその塩、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、またはそれらの二元もしくは三元混合物である、多層電極。 - 前記第1の複合電極層と前記第2の複合電極層の間に界面を備えた、請求項1に記載の多層電極。
- 前記各複合電極層が1つ以上の副層を備える、請求項1または2に記載の多層電極。
- 前記多層電極の複合電極層内において、一つの副層の主活性成分の濃度が、隣接する副層の主活性成分の濃度と異なる、請求項3に記載の多層電極。
- 前記導電層と、前記第2の複合電極層との界面との間で、前記第1の主活性成分の濃度が低くなる、
および/または、
前記第1の複合電極層との界面と、前記第2の複合電極層の上面との間の方向で、前記第2の主活性成分の濃度が低くなる、
請求項3に記載の多層電極。 - 前記第1の複合電極層の空孔率が、前記第2の複合電極層の空孔率と異なる、請求項3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極。
- 前記第1の複合電極層の空孔率が、前記第2の複合電極層の空孔率よりも低い、
請求項6に記載の多層電極。 - 前記第1の複合電極層の空孔率が、5vol%よりも高く、かつ30vol%よりも低い、
および/または、
前記第2の複合電極層の空孔率が、20vol%よりも高く、かつ80vol%よりも低い、
請求項3〜7のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極。 - 前記第1の複合電極層の空孔率が20vol%〜25vol%であり、
および/または、
前記第2の複合電極層の空孔率が30vol%〜70vol%である、
請求項8に記載の多層電極。 - 前記第1の複合電極層の前記主活性成分の濃度が、前記第2の複合電極層の前記主活性成分の濃度よりも高い、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極。
- 前記活性なカーボンが、硬質炭素、カーボンナノチューブ、および黒鉛の1つまたは複数から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極。
- 前記黒鉛がフレーク、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、および塊状人造黒鉛から選択された天然または合成の黒鉛である、請求項11に記載の多層電極。
- 活性なカーボンが前記第1の複合電極層の唯一の活性成分である、
および/または、
ドープまたは非ドープのシリコンが前記第2の複合電極層の唯一の活性成分である、
請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極。 - 前記活性シリコンがフレーク、粒子、ファイバー、リボン、骨格構造、チューブ、およびそれらの混成物のいずれかを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極。
- 前記シリコン粒子が天然粒子、ピラー付き粒子、多孔性粒子、多孔性粒子片、およびそれらの混成物のいずれかを含む、請求項14に記載の多層電極。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載のアノード、金属イオン源を供給するカソード、および該アノードと該カソードとの間の電解質を備える金属イオン電池。
- 前記導電層の上に前記第1の複合電極層を形成する工程と、前記第1の複合電極層の上に前記第2の複合電極層を形成する工程とを備える、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の多層電極を形成する方法。
- 前記形成する工程のそれぞれが、前記複合電極層の成分および1つ以上の溶媒を含むスラリーを堆積させ、前記1つ以上の溶媒を蒸発させることを含む、
請求項17に記載の多層電極を形成する方法。 - 前記第1の複合電極層の前記バインダーが、前記第2の複合電極層の形成に用いられるスラリーの溶媒または溶媒混合物に不溶である、請求項17または18に記載の多層電極を形成する方法。
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GB201219729D0 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
CN104885262A (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
GB2507535A (en) | 2014-05-07 |
WO2014068318A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
EP2915204A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
CN104885262B (zh) | 2019-04-05 |
JP2015537347A (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
EP2915204B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
US10008716B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
US20150280221A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
GB2507535B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
KR20150086288A (ko) | 2015-07-27 |
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