JP5397950B2 - 1,4−ジ置換3−シアノピリドン誘導体とそれらのポジティブmGluR2−受容体モジュレーター - Google Patents
1,4−ジ置換3−シアノピリドン誘導体とそれらのポジティブmGluR2−受容体モジュレーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP5397950B2 JP5397950B2 JP2009552215A JP2009552215A JP5397950B2 JP 5397950 B2 JP5397950 B2 JP 5397950B2 JP 2009552215 A JP2009552215 A JP 2009552215A JP 2009552215 A JP2009552215 A JP 2009552215A JP 5397950 B2 JP5397950 B2 JP 5397950B2
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- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004544 spot-on Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003956 synaptic plasticity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001103 thalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZNAASVAJNXPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tin(4+) chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Sn+4] GZNAASVAJNXPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride dihydrate Substances O.O.Cl[Sn]Cl FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000886 tinnitus Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010044652 trigeminal neuralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000029257 vision disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004393 visual impairment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011534 wash buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003871 white petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/84—Nitriles
- C07D213/85—Nitriles in position 3
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Description
本発明は、代謝型グルタミン酸受容体2修飾活性を有する化合物に関する。本発明は式(I)の化合物(その任意の立体化学的異性体形態も含む)あるいはその薬学的に許容される塩またはその溶媒和物を提供し、
R2は水素またはハロであり;
Aは1個または2個の置換基で置換されたピリジニルであり、当該置換基はそれぞれ独立してハロまたはC1-4アルキルから選ばれ;
nは値が1または2の整数であるが;
但しR2が2−フルオロである場合、Aは1個または2個の置換基で置換された3−ピリジニルではなく、当該置換基はそれぞれ独立してハロまたはC1-4アルキルから選ばれる。
R2は水素またはハロであり;
Aは1個または2個の置換基で置換されたピリジニルであり、当該置換基はそれぞれ独立してハロまたはC1-4アルキルから選ばれ;
nは値が1または2の整数であるが;
但しR2が2−フルオロである場合、Aは1個または2個の置換基で置換された3−ピリジニルではなく、当該置換基はそれぞれ独立してハロまたはC1-4アルキルから選ばれ;かつ上記化合物は下記のもの以外である。
R2が水素またはフルオロであり;
nが1または2であり;
Aが1個または2個の置換基(当該置換基はそれぞれ独立してメチルまたはクロロから選ばれる)で置換されたピリジニルである、式(I)の化合物である。
式(I)の化合物は、反応スキーム(1)に従って式(II)の中間体(式中Yは、ボロン酸またはボロン酸エステルとのPdが介在するカップリングに適切な基(例えば、ハロまたはトリフラートなど)を表わす)を式(III)の中間体(式中R3およびR4は、水素またはC1-4アルキルを表わすか、あるいはR3およびR4は一緒になって、例えば、式−CH2CH2−、−CH2CH2CH2−または−C(CH3)2C(CH3)2−の二価のラジカルを形成してもよい)と反応させることにより調製することができる。この反応は、適切な反応不活性溶媒(例えば、1,4−ジオキサンなど)または不活性溶媒の混合物(例えば、1,4−ジオキサン/DMFなど)中で、適切な塩基(例えば、NaHCO3またはNa2CO3水溶液など)および適切な触媒(例えば、Pd(PPh3)4などのPd錯体触媒など)の存在下に、加熱条件下(例えば、マイクロ波照射下150℃で、例えば、10時間反応混合物を加熱する)で行われてもよい。反応スキーム(1)では、すべての変数は式(I)に関してとまたは上記と同様に規定される。
Yがハロを表す式(II)の中間体(当該中間体は式(II−a)で表される)は、反応スキーム(2)に従って式(IV)の中間体を適切なハロゲン化剤(例えば、P(=O)Br3など)と反応させることにより調製することができる。この反応は、適切な反応不活性溶媒(例えば、DMFなど)中でやや高温(例えば、110℃)で行われてもよい。反応スキーム(2)では、すべての変数は式(I)に関してと同様に規定される。
YがF3C−S(=O)2−O−を表す式(II)の中間体(当該中間体は式(II−b)で表される)は、反応スキーム(3)に従って式(IV)の中間体をトリフル酸無水物(トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物とも呼ばれる)と反応させることにより調製することができる。この反応は、適切な反応不活性溶媒(例えば、ジクロロメタンなど)中で適切な塩基(例えば、ピリジンなど)の存在下に低温(例えば、−78℃)で行われてもよい。反応スキーム(3)では、すべての変数は式(I)に関してと同様に規定される。
式(IV)の中間体は、反応スキーム(4)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により式(V)の中間体を適切なメチルエーテル開裂試薬(例えば、NaOHなど)と反応させることにより調製することができる。この反応は、適切な溶媒(例えば、水、THFなど)中でやや高温(例えば、100℃)で行うことができる。反応スキーム(4)では、すべての変数は式(I)に関してと同様に規定される。
式(V)の中間体は、反応スキーム(5)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により市販の4−メトキシ−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリルを式(VI)のアルキル化剤(式中Zは、例えば、ハロ(例えば、臭素など)などの適切な脱離基を表す)と反応させることにより調製することができる。式(VI)のアルキル化剤の例としてはシクロプロピルメチルブロミドがある。この反応は、不活性溶媒(例えば、アセトニトリルなど)中で適切な塩基(例えば、K2CO3など)および必要に応じてヨウ素塩(KIなど)を用いてやや高温(例えば、120℃)で行うことができる。反応スキーム(5)では、すべての変数は式(I)に関してと同様に規定される。
式(III)の中間体は、反応スキーム(6)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により式(VII)の中間体(式中A’は、式(I)に関して上記に定義されたピリジニル部分AまたはそのN−オキシドを表す)を、例えば、適切なパラジウム触媒(例えば、1、1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセンパラジウム(II)ジクロリドなど)の存在下に、適切なホウ素源(例えば、ビス(ピナコラト)ジボロンなど)と反応させることにより調製することができる。この反応は、不活性溶媒(例えば、ジクロロメタンなど)中で適切な塩(例えば、酢酸カリウムなど)の存在下にやや高温(例えば、110℃)で、例えば、16時間行われてもよい。
式(VII)の中間体は、反応スキーム(7)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により式(VIII)のヒドロキシフェノール中間体を適切な式(IX)の中間体(式中Xは、適切な脱離基(例えば、ハロまたはニトロなど)である)と反応させることにより調製することができる。式(IX)の中間体の例としては、2,3−ジメチル−4−ニトロ−ピリジン1−オキシドおよび2−ブロモ−4,6−ジメチルピリジンが挙げられる。この反応は、不活性溶媒(例えば、ジメチルホルムアミドまたはキシレンなど)中で、適切な塩基(例えば、水素化ナトリウムまたは炭酸カリウムなど)の存在下に、古典的な加熱下またはマイクロ波照射の加熱下のいずれかでやや高温(例えば、180℃)で、例えば、60分間行われてもよい。
A’がAを表す式(VII)の中間体(当該中間体は式(VII−a)で表わされる)は、反応スキーム(8)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により式(X)のアニリン様の中間体からザンドマイヤー型反応を介して調製することができる。
式(X)の中間体は、反応スキーム(9)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により、対応する式(XI)のニトロ中間体から、適切な触媒(例えば、10%パラジウム活性炭など)を用いることによるまたは還元剤としての塩化スズ(II)二水和物を用いることによる接触水素化などの当該技術分野で公知の手順によるアミノ官能基までのニトロ基の還元を経て調製することができる。
式(XI)の中間体は、反応スキーム(10)に従って当該技術分野で公知の手順により式(XII)の中間体を適切な式(XIII)のヒドリキシピリジル中間体(例えば、2−メチル−3−ヒドロキシピリジンなど)と反応させることにより調製することができる。この反応は、不活性溶媒(例えば、テトラヒドロフランなど)中で適切な塩基(例えば、炭酸セシウムなど)の存在下に、やや高温(例えば、140℃)で、例えば、16時間行うことができる。
本発明で提供される化合物は代謝型グルタミン酸受容体のポジティブアロステリックモジュレーターであり、特にmGluR2のポジティブアロステリックモジュレーターである。本発明の化合物は、グルタミン酸認識部位(オルソステリックリガンド部位)へ結合するのではなく、むしろ受容体の7回膜貫通型領域内のアロステリック部位に結合するようである。グルタミン酸塩(エステル)またはmGluR2のアゴニストの存在下では、本発明の化合物はmGluR2応答を増加させる。本発明で提供される化合物は、グルタミン酸塩(エステル)またはmGluR2アゴニストに対するこのような受容体の応答を増加させる能力によりmGluR2において効果がある(これにより受容体の応答が増強される)と予想される。したがって本発明は、薬として用いられる本発明の化合物、ならびにヒトを含む哺乳類における症状の治療または予防(特に治療)用薬剤の製造のための本発明の化合物または本発明の医薬組成物の使用に関し、この症状の治療または予防はmGluR2のアロステリックモジュレーター(特にそのポジティブアロステリックモジュレーター)の神経修飾効果により作用されるかまたは促進される。本発明はまた、ヒトを含む哺乳類における症状の治療または予防(特に治療)用薬剤の製造で用いる本発明の化合物あるいは本発明の医薬組成物に関し、この症状の治療または予防はmGluR2のアロステリックモジュレーター(特にそのポジティブアロステリックモジュレーター)の神経修飾効果により作用されるかまたは促進される。本発明はまた、ヒトを含む哺乳類における症状の治療または予防(特に治療)のための本発明の化合物あるいは本発明の医薬組成物に関し、この症状の治療または予防はmGluR2のアロステリックモジュレーター(特にそのポジティブアロステリックモジュレーター)の神経修飾効果により作用されるかまたは促進される。
本発明はまた、薬学的に許容される担体または希釈剤と、有効成分として治療上有効な量の本発明の化合物、特に式(I)の化合物(その立体化学的異性体形態またはその薬学的に許容される塩もしくはその溶媒和物を含む)とを含有する医薬組成物に関する。
下記実施例において本発明の化合物を調製するためのいくつかの方法が示される。特に明記しない場合、出発物質はすべて民間の供給業者から入手され、さらなる精製を行わないで使用された。特に、以下の略称が実施例および明細書全体にわたって使用される場合がある。
[実施例A.1]
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−メトキシ−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(中間体1)
1−ブチル−4−メトキシ−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(中間体2)
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−ヒドロキシ−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(中間体3)
1−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(中間体4)
4−ブロモ−1−シクロプロピルメチル−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(中間体5)
4−ブロモ−1−ブチル−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(中間体6)
2−(4−ブロモ−3−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−4,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体7)
2−[3−フルオロ−4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)−フェノキシ]−4,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体8)
3−(2−フルオロ−4−ニトロ−フェノキシ)−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体9)
4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−3−イルオキシ)−3−フルオロ−フェニルアミン(中間体10)
3−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体11)
3−[2−フルオロ−4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)−フェノキシ]−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体12)
4−(4−ブロモ−3−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2−メチル−ピリジン1−オキシド(中間体13)
2−フルオロ−4−(2−メチル−4−ピリジルオキシ)フェニルボロン酸(中間体14)
4−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2−メチル−ピリジン1−オキシド(中間体15)
3−フルオロ−4−(2−メチル−4−ピリジルオキシ)フェニルボロン酸(中間体16)
4−(4−ブロモ−3−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体17)
4−[3−フルオロ−4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)−フェノキシ]−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体18)
4−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体19)
4−[2−フルオロ−4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)−フェノキシ]−2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体20)
4−(4−ブロモ−3−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2,3−ジメチル−ピリジン1−オキシド(中間体21)
2−フルオロ−4−(2,3−ジメチル−4−ピリジルオキシ)フェニルボロン酸(中間体22)
4−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−2,3−ジメチル−ピリジン1−オキシド(中間体23)
4−[2−フルオロ−4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)−フェノキシ]−2,3−ジメチル−ピリジン(中間体24)
4−(4−ブロモ−フェノキシ)−2−メチル−ピリジン(中間体25)
4−[4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)−フェノキシ]−2−メチル−ピリジン(中間体26)
[実施例B.1]
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[4−(4,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−2−イルオキシ)−2−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物1)
融点:137.0℃。
1−ブチル−4−[4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−3−イルオキシ)−3−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物2)
化合物12、14および16(表1を参照)は、化合物2に関して記載のプロトコルに従って調製することができる。
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−3−イルオキシ)−3−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物3)
1−ブチル−4−[2−フルオロ−4−(2−メチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物4)
化合物13、17、19および20(表1を参照)は、化合物4に関して記載のプロトコルに従って調製することができる。
1−ブチル−4−[3−フルオロ−4−(2−メチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物5)
化合物15(表1を参照)は、化合物5に関して記載のプロトコルに従って調製することができる。
1−ブチル−4−[4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−2−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物6)
1−ブチル−4−[4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−3−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物7)
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−2−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物8)
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[4−(2,6−ジメチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−3−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物9)
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[4−(2,3−ジメチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−2−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物10)
1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[4−(2,3−ジメチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−3−フルオロ−フェニル]−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリジン−3−カルボニトリル(化合物11)
3−シアノ−1−ブチル−4−[4−(2−メチル−ピリジン−4−イルオキシ)−フェニル]−ピリジン−2(1H)−オン(化合物18)
表1は、上記の実施例の1つ(実施例番号)に従って調製された式(I)の化合物を記載している。
本発明の化合物のLCMS特性解析に関して下記の方法を使用した。
HPLC測定は、下記それぞれの方法において規定されているように脱気装置付きポンプ(クォータナリまたはバイナリ)、オートサンプラー、カラムオーブン、ダイオードアレー検出器(DAD)およびカラムを有するアジレントテクノロジー社(Agilent Technologies)からのHP1100を用いて行った。カラムからの流れはMS検出器に分配された。このMS検出器はエレクトロスプレーイオン化源が装備されていた。窒素をネブライザーガスとして使用した。イオン化源温度を140℃に維持した。データ収集はMassLynx−Openlynxソフトウェアで行った。
上記基本手順に加えて、アギレント社(Agilent)からのXDB−C18カートリッジ(1.8μm、2.1×30mm)上で1ml/分の流量および60℃で逆相HPLCを行なった。用いた勾配条件は次のとおりである。A(0.5g/lの酢酸アンモニウム溶液)を90%、B(アセトニトリル)を5%、C(メタノール)を5%から、6.5分でBを50%およびCを50%まで、7分時点でBを100%まで、そして7.5分時点で初期条件まで平衡化し9.0分まで維持した。注入量は2μlであった。高分解能質量スペクトル(飛行時間、TOF)は、0.1秒の滞留時間を用いて0.5秒で100から750まで走査することにより陽イオン化モードでのみ得られた。キャピラリーニードル電圧は2.5kVであり、コーン電圧は20Vであった。ロイシン−エンケファリンが質量較正(ロックマス)に用いた標準物質であった。
上記基本手順に加えて、アギレント社(Agilent)からのXDB−C18カートリッジ(1.8μm、2.1×30mm)上で1.0ml/分の流量および60℃で逆相HPLCを行なった。用いた勾配条件は次のとおりである。A(0.5g/lの酢酸アンモニウム溶液)を90%、B(アセトニトリル/メタノール混合物)を10%から、6.5分でBを100%まで、7分まで維持し、そして7.5分時点で初期条件まで平衡化し9.0分まで維持した。注入量は2μlであった。低分解能質量スペクトル(ZQ検出器、四重極)は、0.3秒の滞留時間を用いて1.0秒で100から1000まで走査することにより得られた。キャピラリーニードル電圧は3kVであった。コーン電圧は陽イオン化モードでは20Vおよび50Vであり、陰イオン化モードでは20Vであった。
上記基本手順Bに加えて、アドバンスドクロマトグラフィーテクノロジーズ社(Advanced Chromatography Technologies)からのACE−C18カラム(3.0μm、4.6×30mm)上で1.5ml/分の流量および40℃で逆相HPLCを行った。用いた勾配条件は次のとおりである。A(0.5g/lの酢酸アンモニウム溶液)を80%、B(アセトニトリル)を10%、C(メタノール)を10%から、6.5分でBを50%およびCを50%まで、7分時点でBを100%まで、そして7.5分時点で初期条件まで平衡化し9.0分まで維持した。注入量は5μlであった。高分解能質量スペクトル(飛行時間、TOF)は、0.1秒の滞留時間を用いて0.5秒で100から750まで走査することにより陽イオン化モードでのみ得られた。キャピラリーニードル電圧は陽イオン化モード用では2.5kVであり、コーン電圧は20Vであった。ロイシン−エンケファリンが質量較正(ロックマス)に用いた標準物質であった。
融点測定はメトラーFP62装置上で行なわれた。
本発明で提供される化合物は、mGluR2のポジティブアロステリックモジュレーターである。当該化合物は、グルタミン酸塩(エステル)結合部位以外のアロステリック部位に結合することによりグルタミン酸塩(エステル)応答を増強させると考えられる。式(I)の化合物が存在すると、グルタミン酸塩(エステル)濃度に対応するmGluR2の応答が増加される。式(I)の化合物は、受容体の機能を増強する能力によって実質的にmGluR2においてその効果を有すると考えられる。下記の[35S]GTPγS結合アッセイ法を用いてmGluR2において試験されたポジティブアロステリックモジュレーターの挙動を表3に示す。このアッセイ法は、そのような化合物(特に式(I)の化合物)の同定に適している。
[35S]GTPγS結合アッセイは、Gタンパク質共役型受容体(GPCR)の機能の研究に用いられる機能性の細胞膜に基づくアッセイであり、これによりGTPの非加水分解性形態である[35S]GTPγS(ガンマ線を放射する35Sで標識されたグアノシン5’‐三リン酸)の取り込みが測定される。Gタンパク質γサブユニットは、グアノシン三リン酸(GTP)によりグアノシン5’−二リン酸(GDP)の交換を触媒し、アゴニスト([35S]GTPγS)によりGPCRが活性化された場合に取り込まれて交換サイクルを継続するための開裂ができなくなる(ハーパー(Harper)(1998年)「カレントプロトコルズ・イン・ファーマコロジー(Current Protocols in Pharmacology)」2.6.1−10、ジョンワイリーアンドサンズ社(John Wiley & Sons, Inc.))。放射性[35S]GTPγSの取り込み量はGタンパク質の活性の直接的な尺度であり、したがってアゴニストの活性を測定できる。mGluR2受容体は、Gγiタンパク質に優先的に共役することが示されており(本方法のための優先的な共役)、したがって組み換え細胞株中そして組織中の両方でmGluR2受容体の受容体活性化を研究するために広く使用されている(シャフハウザー(Schaffhauser)ら(2003年)、ピンカートン(Pinkerton)ら(2004年)、ムテル(Mutel)ら1998年「ジャーナル・オブ・ニューロケミストリー(Journal of Neurochemistry)」71:2558〜64;シャフハウザーら(1998年)「モレキュラーファーマコロジー(Molecular Pharmacology)」53:228〜33)。ここでは、我々は、本発明の化合物のポジティブアロステリック修飾(PAM)特性を検出するために、ヒトmGluR2受容体でトランスフェクトされシャフハウザーら(2003年)「(モレキュラーファーマコロジー」4:798〜810から作成された細胞に由来する細胞膜を用いた[35S]GTPγS結合アッセイの使用を記載する。
CHO細胞をプレコンフルエントまで培養し5mMの酪酸で24時間刺激した後、PBS中で洗浄し、次いで、均質化用緩衝液(50mMトリス−HCl緩衝液、pH7.4、4℃)中ですくい取って採取した。細胞溶解物をウルトラタラックスホモジナイザーを用いて短時間(15秒)均質化した。ホモジネートを23500×gで10分間遠心分離し、そして上清を廃棄した。ペレットを5mMトリス−HCl(pH7.4)に再懸濁し、再び遠心分離した(30000×g、20分、4℃)。最終的なペレットを50mM HEPES(pH7.4)に再懸濁し、使用前は適切なアリコート中で−80℃で保存した。タンパク質濃度をウシ血清アルブミンを標準としてブラッドフォード法(バイオラッド社(Bio-Rad)、米国)により測定した。
ヒトmGluR2を含む細胞膜における試験化合物のmGluR2のポジティブアロステリック修飾活性の測定は、前培養前に解凍され短時間均質化された凍結細胞膜を用いて、96ウェルマイクロプレート(15μg/アッセイウェル、30分、30℃)中でポジティブアロステリックモジュレーターの濃度を増加させながら(0.3nMから50μMまで)所定の最小濃度のグルタミン酸塩(エステル)を加える(PAMアッセイ)かまたはグルタミン酸塩(エステル)を加えないでアッセイ緩衝液(50mM HEPES(pH7.4)、100mM NaCl、3mM MgCl2、50μM GDP、10μg/mlサポニン)中で行った。このPAMアッセイのため、細胞膜はEC25の濃度(すなわちグルタミン酸塩(エステル)の最大応答の25%が得られ、出版済みデータ(ピン(Pin)ら(1999年)ヨーロピアン・ジャーナル・オブ・ファーマコロジー(Eur. J. Pharmacol.)375:277〜294)と一致する濃度)のグルタミン酸塩(エステル)で前培養された。[35S]GTPγS(0.1nM、f.c.)を加えて総反応容量を200μlとした後、マイクロプレートを短時間振とうし、さらに培養して、活性化させて[35S]GTPγSを取り込ませた(30分、30℃)。96ウェルプレートセルハーベスター(フィルターメート、パーキンエルマー社、米国)を用いてグラスファイバーフィルタープレート(ユニフィルター96ウェルGF/Bフィルタープレート、パーキンエルマー社、ダウナーズグローヴ、米国)マイクロプレート上で急速に真空ろ過し、次いで、300μlの氷冷した洗浄用緩衝液(10mM Na2PO4・2H2O、10mM NaH2PO4・H2O、pH7.4)で3回洗浄することにより反応を停止させた。次いで、フィルターを風乾し、各ウェルに40μlの液体シンチレーションカクテル(Microscint-O)を加え、細胞膜に結合した[35S]GTPγSを96ウェルシンチレーションプレートリーダー(トップカウント、パーキンエルマー社、米国)中で測定した。非特異的[35S]GTPγS結合は、10μMの冷GTPの存在下で測定される。各曲線は、データ点毎に試料をデュプリケートで用いて11種類の濃度で少なくとも1度作成した。
ポジティブアロステリック修飾(PAM)を調べるため、添加されたEC25のmGluR2アゴニストグルタミン酸の存在下での本発明の代表的な化合物の濃度応答曲線をプリズムグラフパッドソフトウェア(グラフパッド社(GraphPad)、サンディエゴ、米国)を用いて作成した。当該曲線は4変数ロジスティック方程式
全ての化合物を所定のEC25濃度のmGluR2アゴニスト(グルタミン酸塩(エステル))の存在下で試験して、ポジティブアロステリック修飾(GTPγS−PAM)を調べた。示されている値は、少なくとも1つの実験からの11種類の濃度応答曲線のデュプリケートの値の平均である。試験化合物はすべて5.0を超えるpEC50(−logEC50)値を示した。1実験におけるpEC50値の測定誤差は約0.3log単位であると推測される。
これらの実施例にわたって用いられる「有効成分」は、式(I)の最終化合物、その薬学的に許容される塩、その溶媒和物および立体化学的異性体形態に関する。
有効成分 5〜50mg
第二リン酸カルシウム 20mg
ラクトース 30mg
滑石 10mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 5mg
バレイショデンプン 200mgまで
この実施例において、有効成分は、同じ量の本発明の化合物のいずれとも、特に、同じ量の例示された化合物のいずれとも置き換えられ得る。
1ミリリットル毎に有効化合物1種を1〜5mg、カルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウムを50mg、安息香酸ナトリウムを1mg、ソルビトールを500mg、および水を1mlまで含むように経口投与用水性懸濁剤が調製される。
非経口組成物は、10容量%のプロピレングリコール水溶液中で1.5重量%の本発明の有効成分を撹拌することにより調製される。
有効成分 5〜1000mg
ステアリルアルコール 3g
ラノリン 5g
白色ワセリン 15g
水 100gまで
この実施例において、有効成分は、同じ量の本発明の化合物のいずれとも、特に、同じ量の例示された化合物のいずれとも置き換えられ得る。
Claims (16)
- R1が1−ブチルもしくは3−メチル−1−ブチルまたは、シクロプロピルメチルもしくは2−(シクロプロピル)−1−エチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R2が水素またはフルオロである、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- nが1または2であり、R2がハロである、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- 前記Aで表されるピリジニル環が、クロロまたはメチルから選ばれる1個の置換基で置換されているか、または、
前記Aで表されるピリジニル環が、クロロまたはメチルからそれぞれ独立して選ばれる2個の置換基で置換されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 - R1が1−ブチル、3−メチル−1−ブチル、シクロプロピルメチルまたは2−(シクロプロピル)−1−エチルであり;R2が水素またはフルオロであり;nが1または2であり;Aが1個または2個の置換基(前記置換基はそれぞれ独立してメチルまたはクロロから選ばれる)で置換されたピリジニルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される担体または希釈剤を更に含み、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物が、治療上有効な量で含有される請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒトを含む哺乳類における症状の治療または予防のための請求項8または9に記載の医薬組成物であって、前記症状の治療または予防がmGluR2のポジティブアロステリックモジュレーターの神経修飾効果により作用されるかまたは促進されることを特徴とする医薬組成物。
- 不安障害、精神障害、人格障害、物質関連障害、摂食障害、気分障害、片頭痛、てんかんもしくは痙攣性障害、幼児期障害、認知障害、神経変性、神経毒症状および虚血からなる群から選ばれる中枢神経系障害の治療または予防のための請求項8または9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記中枢神経系障害が、広場恐怖症、全般性不安障害(GAD)、強迫観念障害(OCD)、パニック障害、心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)、対人恐怖および他の恐怖症からなる群から選ばれる不安障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、統合失調症、妄想性障害、統合失調性感情障害、統合失調症様障害および物質誘発性精神障害からなる群から選ばれる精神障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、強迫性人格障害および統合失調症、統合失調型障害からなる群から選ばれる人格障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、アルコール乱用、アルコール依存症、アルコール禁断症状、アルコール禁断せん妄、アルコール誘発性精神障害、アンフェタミン依存症、アンフェタミン禁断症状、コカイン依存症、コカイン禁断症状、ニコチン依存症、ニコチン禁断症状、オピオイド依存症およびオピオイド禁断症状からなる群から選ばれる物質関連障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、神経性食欲不振症および神経性過食症からなる群から選ばれる摂食障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、両相性障害(IおよびII)、気分循環性障害、うつ病、気分変調性障害、大うつ病性障害および物質誘発性気分障害からなる群から選ばれる気分障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が片頭痛であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、非痙攣性全般てんかん、痙攣性全般てんかん、小発作性てんかん重積、大発作性てんかん重積、意識障害を伴うかまたは伴わない部分てんかん、幼児痙攣症、持続性部分てんかんおよび他の形態のてんかんからなる群から選ばれるてんかんまたは痙攣性の障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が幼児期障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、せん妄、物質誘発持続性せん妄、認知症、HIV疾患による認知症、ハンチントン病による認知症、パーキンソン病による認知症、アルツハイマー型認知症、物質誘発持続性認知症および軽度認知障害からなる群から選ばれる認知障害であるか、または、
前記中枢神経系障害が、不安症、統合失調症、片頭痛、うつ病およびてんかんからなる群から選ばれる、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記幼児期障害が注意欠陥/多動性障害である、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- mGluR2のオルソステリックアゴニストを更に含む請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 式(I)の化合物を当該技術分野で公知の転換法に従って互いに変換すること;あるいは
式(I)の化合物を酸で処理することによって治療効果のある非毒性の酸付加塩に変換すること、または逆に酸付加塩形態をアルカリで処理することによって遊離塩基に変換すること;あるいは、
その立体化学的異性体形態を調製すること
をさらに含む請求項15に記載の調製方法。
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AU2008223795A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
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EP2134690B1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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US20100099715A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
CN101835756A (zh) | 2010-09-15 |
AU2008223795B2 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
CA2680125C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
EA017267B1 (ru) | 2012-11-30 |
PT2134690E (pt) | 2013-02-27 |
CA2680125A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
JP2010520264A (ja) | 2010-06-10 |
WO2008107480A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
EA200901162A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
CN101835756B (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
US9067891B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
MX2009009422A (es) | 2010-02-09 |
US8299101B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
WO2008107480A8 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
TW200900065A (en) | 2009-01-01 |
ES2400624T3 (es) | 2013-04-11 |
BRPI0808697A2 (pt) | 2014-09-09 |
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