JP2020505602A - 変調感度を有するspad検出器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この特許協力条約特許出願は、米国特許仮出願第62/450,499号(2017年1月25日に出願)、発明の名称「SPAD Detector Having Modulated Sensitivity」に対する優先権を主張する。なおこの文献は、本明細書において完全に開示されているかのように参照により組み込まれている。
参照番号が同様の構造的要素を指定する、添付図面と共に以下の詳細な説明によって開示が容易に理解されよう。
Claims (23)
- 単一光子アバランシェダイオード(SPAD)検出器を動作させるための方法であって、
前記SPAD検出器は参照画素の参照サブアレイと撮像画素の撮像サブアレイとを含む画素アレイを含み、前記方法は、
前記参照サブアレイ内の参照画素内の参照SPADを用いて、前記撮像サブアレイ内の撮像画素内の撮像SPADの動作を有効にする開始時間を検出することと、
前記開始時間の検出に応じて、前記撮像SPADの前記動作を有効にして前記撮像SPADが光子を検出するように動作可能とすることと、
各検出された光子に対して、対応する飛行時間を決定することと、
各検出された光子の飛行時間に基づいて不均一ヒストグラムを構成することであって、前記不均一ヒストグラムは、
第1の時間スパンの間に検出された第1の飛行時間カウントを表す第1のビンと、
前記第1の時間スパンとは異なる第2の時間スパンの間に検出された、第2の飛行時間カウントを表す第2のビンと、を含み、前記第1のビンは前記SPAD検出器に光子に対する第1の感度を与え、前記第2のビンは前記第1の感度とは異なる光子に対する第2の感度を与える、ことと、を含む方法。 - 前記不均一ヒストグラムを構成した後に前記撮像SPADの前記動作を無効にすることを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の感度は
前記第2の感度よりも大きく、
前記SPAD検出器により近い第1のターゲットから反射した第1の検出された光子の第1の飛行時間によって、前記第1のビンにおける前記第1のカウントが増加し、
前記SPAD検出器からより遠い第2のターゲットから反射した第2の検出された光子の第2の飛行時間によって、前記第2のビンにおける前記第2のカウントが増加する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 単一光子アバランシェダイオード(SPAD)検出器であって、
複数の画素ラインを含む画素アレイであって、各画素はSPADを含む、画素アレイと、
前記画素アレイに動作可能に接続された時間デジタル変換器(TDC)アレイ回路であって、前記TDCアレイ回路はTDC回路のアレイを含み、前記TDC回路のサブセットが各対応する画素ラインに動作可能に接続されている、TDCアレイ回路と、
前記TDCアレイ回路に動作可能に接続されたメモリであって、前記メモリは不均一ヒストグラムを記憶するように構成されており、
前記不均一ヒストグラムは、第1の時間スパンを表す第1のビンと、
異なる第2の時間スパンを表す第2のビンと、を含み、前記第1のビンは前記SPAD検出器に光子に対する第1の感度を与え、前記第2のビンは前記SPAD検出器に前記第1の感度とは異なる光子に対する第2の感度を与える、メモリと、を備えるSPAD検出器。 - 前記TDCアレイ回路に動作可能に接続されたコントローラを更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記TDCアレイ回路に対するクロック信号を生成するように構成されている、請求項4に記載のSPAD検出器。
- 前記SPAD検出器はラインスキャンシステムに含まれており、
前記画素アレイ内の前記複数の画素ラインは行及び列で配列され、
前記画素アレイ内の前記画素はセクション内でスキャンされ、
各セクションは前記画素アレイ内の列のサブセットを含み、
前記TDC回路の各サブセット内のTDC回路の数は、各セクション内の各行におけるスキャンされた画素のサブセットに対応する、請求項4に記載のSPAD検出器。 - 前記画素アレイは、
参照画素を含む参照サブアレイと、
撮像画素を含む撮像サブアレイと、を備え
前記SPAD検出器は、前記TDCアレイ回路に動作可能に接続されたコントローラを更に含み、前記コントローラは、
第1の位相を有する第1のクロック信号と、異なる第2の位相を有する第2のクロック信号とを含む第1の組のクロック信号を生成し、
第3の位相を有する第3のクロック信号と、異なる第4の位相を有する第4のクロック信号とを含む第2の組のクロック信号を生成する、ように構成され、
前記第1の組のクロック信号は、前記参照画素に接続された前記TDC回路によって受信され、
前記第2の組のクロック信号は、前記撮像画素に接続された前記TDC回路によって受信される、請求項6に記載のSPAD検出器。 - 前記メモリは複数の不均一ヒストグラムを記憶するように構成されており、各不均一ヒストグラムは、各セクションの各行における各スキャンされた画素に対応付けられる、請求項6に記載のSPAD検出器。
- 前記画素アレイは、
1つ以上の参照画素を含む参照サブアレイと、
1つ以上の撮像画素を含む撮像サブアレイと、を含む、請求項4に記載のSPAD検出器。 - 前記撮像サブアレイ内の各撮像画素は、
ノードと第1の電圧源との間に動作可能に接続されたSPADと、
前記ノードと基準電圧源との間に動作可能に接続されたゲートトランジスタと、
前記ノードと第2の電圧源との間に動作可能に接続されたクエンチトランジスタと、を含み、
前記ゲートトランジスタは、前記SPADの動作を有効にし、前記SPADの動作を無効にするように構成されている、請求項9に記載のSPAD検出器。 - 各撮像画素に動作可能に接続された各TDC回路は、前記撮像画素に対して複数のTDC出力値を出力し、前記複数のTDC出力値は、前記撮像画素の検出時間にわたって不均一に増加する、請求項9に記載のSPAD検出器。
- 前記TDCアレイ回路と前記メモリとの間に動作可能に接続されたエンコーダ回路を更に備え、
対応する撮像画素に動作可能に接続された各TDC回路は前記撮像画素に対して複数のTDC出力値を出力し、
前記複数のTDC出力値は前記撮像画素の検出時間にわたって直線的に増加し、
前記エンコーダ回路は、前記複数のTDC出力値をエンコードして、複数のエンコードされたTDC出力値が前記撮像画素の前記検出時間にわたって不均一に増加するように構成されている、請求項9に記載のSPAD検出器。 - 前記参照サブアレイは、前記撮像サブアレイのエッジに隣接して位置する、請求項9に記載のSPAD検出器。
- 単一光子アバランシェダイオード(SPAD)検出器内の画素であって、
ノードと第1の電圧源との間に動作可能に接続されたSPADと、
前記ノードと基準電圧源との間に動作可能に接続されたゲートトランジスタと、
前記ノードと第2の電圧源との間に動作可能に接続されたクエンチトランジスタと、を備え、
前記ゲートトランジスタは、前記SPADの動作を有効にし、前記SPADの前記動作を無効にするゲート信号を受信するように構成されている、画素。 - 前記ゲート信号は、前記SPADが光子を検出する前記SPADに対する検出時間を決定する、請求項14の画素。
- 前記クエンチトランジスタのゲートが第1のスイッチ及び第2のスイッチに接続されており、
前記第1のスイッチは第1のクエンチ信号に接続されており、
前記第2のスイッチは、前記第1のクエンチ信号とは異なる第2のクエンチ信号に接続されている、請求項14の画素。 - 前記第1のクエンチ信号は、前記SPADにおける感度制御された時間を生成し、
前記SPADは、前記感度制御された時間の間に可変感度を有し、
前記第2のクエンチ信号は前記SPADにおいて一定感度時間を生成する、請求項16の画素。 - 前記クエンチトランジスタと前記ゲートトランジスタとの間に動作可能に接続された選択トランジスタを更に備え、前記選択トランジスタのゲートと前記ゲートトランジスタのゲートとは共通の入力ラインに接続されている、請求項16の画素。
- 単一光子アバランシェダイオード(SPAD)検出器であって、
参照サブアレイ及び撮像サブアレイ内に配列された複数の画素を含む画素アレイであって、各画素は、SPADと前記SPADに動作可能に接続されたクエンチトランジスタとを含む、画素アレイと、
前記参照サブアレイ内の各クエンチトランジスタの端子に動作可能に接続された定電圧源と、
前記画素アレイに動作可能に接続されたスイッチアレイであって、前記スイッチアレイ内の各スイッチは前記撮像サブアレイ内の対応する画素ラインに接続されている、スイッチアレイと、
前記スイッチアレイ内の対応するスイッチを介して前記撮像サブアレイ内の各画素ライン内の前記画素内の各クエンチトランジスタの端子に動作可能に接続された可変信号源と、を備えるSPAD検出器。 - 前記可変信号源は、可変電圧入力信号に動作可能に接続されたデジタルアナログ変換器を含む、請求項19に記載のSPAD検出器。
- 前記可変信号源は単一勾配電圧ランプ発生器を含む、請求項19に記載のSPAD検出器。
- 単一光子アバランシェダイオード(SPAD)検出器であって、
複数の画素を含む画素アレイであって、各画素はSPADと前記SPADに動作可能に接続されたクエンチトランジスタとを含む、画素アレイと、
前記画素アレイに動作可能に接続されたスイッチアレイと、
前記スイッチアレイ内の対応する第1のスイッチを介して前記画素アレイ内の各画素ライン内の各クエンチトランジスタのゲートに動作可能に接続された電流源と、
前記スイッチアレイ内の対応する第2のスイッチを介して前記画素アレイ内の各画素ライン内の各クエンチトランジスタの端子に動作可能に接続された可変信号発生器と、を備えるSPAD検出器。 - 前記電流源はグローバル電流源である、請求項22に記載のSPAD検出器。
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JP2020123846A (ja) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光電変換装置、撮像システム、移動体 |
WO2022074939A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-14 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 受光素子、測距モジュール、測距システム、および、受光素子の制御方法 |
WO2022230522A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-11-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | 測距装置および計測ユニット |
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CN110235024B (zh) | 2022-10-28 |
WO2018140522A2 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
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US20180209846A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
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