JP2014530874A - Hcvの治療に使用するためのdaaの(例えばabt−072もしくはabt−333との)併用治療 - Google Patents
Hcvの治療に使用するためのdaaの(例えばabt−072もしくはabt−333との)併用治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014530874A JP2014530874A JP2014537304A JP2014537304A JP2014530874A JP 2014530874 A JP2014530874 A JP 2014530874A JP 2014537304 A JP2014537304 A JP 2014537304A JP 2014537304 A JP2014537304 A JP 2014537304A JP 2014530874 A JP2014530874 A JP 2014530874A
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様として、対象におけるHCV感染症を治療するための方法が提供される。前記方法は、12週間以下の期間または本明細書に表記されている別の期間、少なくとも2種の直接作用型抗ウイルス剤(DAA)を投与するステップを含む。好ましくは、治療期間は12週間である。治療期間は、8週間以下であってもよい。好ましくは、2種以上の直接作用型抗ウイルス剤(DAA)は、対象における持続性ウイルス学的応答(SVR)をもたらすまたは有効性の別の所望の尺度を達成するのに有効な量で投与される。対象は、少なくとも2種のDAAの投与期間中にリバビリンを投与されない。言い換えると、方法は、治療レジメンの間における対象へのリバビリンの投与を除外する。対象は、治療レジメンの間にインターフェロンを投与もされない。言い換えると、方法は、対象へのインターフェロンの投与を除外し、これによりインターフェロンに関連する副作用を回避する。一部の実施形態において、方法は、チトクロムP−450の阻害剤(リトナビル等)を対象に投与して、DAAのうち1つまたは複数の薬物動態またはバイオアベイラビリティを改善するステップをさらに含む。
PSI−7977およびPSI−938の組み合わせ、
BMS−790052およびBMS−650032の組み合わせ、
GS−5885およびGS−9451の組み合わせ、
GS−5885、GS−9190およびGS−9451の組み合わせ、
BI−201335およびBI−27127の組み合わせ、
テラプレビルおよびVX−222の組み合わせ、
PSI−7977およびTMC−435の組み合わせならびに
ダノプレビルおよびR7128の組み合わせ
から選択された組み合わせを含む、HCV感染症の治療において用いるための少なくとも2種のDAAの組み合わせを特色とする。
PSI−7977およびBMS−790052の組み合わせ、
PSI−7977およびBMS−650032の組み合わせ、
PSI−7977、BMS−790052およびBMS−650032の組み合わせ、
INX−189およびBMS−790052の組み合わせ、
INX−189およびBMS−650032の組み合わせならびに
INX−189、BMS−790052およびBMS−650032の組み合わせ
から選択された組み合わせを含む、HCV感染症の治療において用いるための少なくとも2種のDAAの組み合わせを特色とする。
メリシタビンおよびダノプレビルの組み合わせ、
INX−189、ダクラタスビルおよびBMS−791325の組み合わせならびに
PSI−7977およびGS−5885の組み合わせ
から選択された組み合わせを含む少なくとも2種のDAAの組み合わせを特色とする。
メリシタビンおよびダノプレビルの組み合わせ、
INX−189、ダクラタスビルおよびBMS−791325の組み合わせならびに
PSI−7977およびGS−5885の組み合わせ
から選択された組み合わせを含む少なくとも2種のDAAの組み合わせを特色とする。
テゴブビルおよびGS−9256の組み合わせ、
BMS−791325、アスナプレビルおよびダクラタスビルの組み合わせならびに
TMC−435およびダクラタスビルの組み合わせ
から選択された組み合わせを含む、HCV感染症の治療において用いるための少なくとも2種のDAAの組み合わせを特色とする。
本発明の方法は、治療剤1を対象に投与するステップを包含し得る。治療剤1は、化合物1(
遺伝子型1b HCVレプリコンアッセイにおける化合物1と化合物2の相乗的濃度
実施例1−3は例示のためであり、本開示の範囲を限定するものでは全くない。理論に拘泥するわけではないが、異なるクラスのHCV阻害剤を組み合わせる(例えば、プロテアーゼ阻害剤(化合物1など)とポリメラーゼ阻害剤(化合物2など)の組み合わせ、またはプロテアーゼ阻害剤(化合物1など)とNS5A阻害剤(化合物4など)の組み合わせ)ことによる予想外の相乗効果は、本発明技術の短期間のインターフェロンおよびリバビリン不使用療法の有効性に寄与する可能性がある。
Z=X+Y(1−X)=X+Y−XY
(式中、Zは薬物Xと薬物Yの組み合わせによりもたらされる全阻害であり、XおよびYはそれぞれ薬物Xおよび薬物Y単独でもたらされる阻害を表す)。
遺伝子型1b HCVレプリコンアッセイにおける化合物1および化合物4の相乗的濃度
材料:レプリコン細胞系は、ヒトヘパトーマ細胞系Huh7から誘導されたものである。これは、HCV遺伝子型1b(Con1)から誘導されたものであり、Science 285(5424):110−3頁(1999)に記載されているものと本質的に類似したバイシストロン性のサブゲノムレプリコンである。このコンストラクトの第1のシストロンは蛍ルシフェラーゼレポーターおよびネオマイシンホスホトランスフェラーゼ選択可能マーカーを含む。レプリコン細胞を、100IU/mlペニシリン、100mg/mlストレプトマイシン(Invitrogen)、200mg/ml G418(Invitrogen)および10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)を含むダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)中、37℃、5%CO2で保持した。
治療剤1、2および4の組み合わせを用いたHCV感染細胞の減少
治療剤1、治療剤2、治療剤4またはこれらの薬剤の種々の組み合わせにより選択される耐性レプリコンコロニーの頻度を定量化するために、HCV遺伝子型1a(H77;Genbank受入番号AF011751)から誘導された安定したサブゲノムレプリコン細胞系を用いた。レプリコンコンストラクトはバイシストロン性であり、この細胞系は、そのコンストラクトをヒトヘパトーマ細胞系Huh−7から誘導された細胞系中に導入することによって産生させた。レプリコンはまた、蛍ルシフェラーゼレポーターおよびネオマイシンホスホトランスフェラーゼ(Neo)選択可能マーカーも有している。FMDV2aプロテアーゼによって分けられた2つのコーディング領域は、バイシストロン性のレプリコンコンストラクトの第1のシストロンを、適応変異E1202G、K1691R、K2040RおよびS2204Iの付加されたHCV NS3−NS5Bコーディング領域を含む第2のシストロンと一緒に含む。このHCVレプリコン細胞系を、10%(v/v)ウシ胎仔血清、100IU/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシンおよび200μg/ml G418(すべてInvitrogenから)を含むダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM;Invitrogen)中で保持した。1a−H77レプリコン細胞(105−106)を150mm細胞培養プレートに播種し、G418(400μg/ml)ならびに化合物1、化合物2および/または化合物4の存在下で、HCV遺伝子型1aレプリコン細胞系についてEC50値の10倍(10X)または100倍(100X)超の濃度で成長させた。この実験で使用した化合物1、化合物2および化合物4についてのEC50値はそれぞれ0.9、7.7および0.01nMであった。3週間の治療後、レプリコンRNAは、レプリコン細胞の大部分から除去され、したがってそれはG418含有培地中では生存できなかった。その理由は、レプリコンRNAがG418耐性を付与するネオマーカー(neo marker)を含んでいたからである。耐性レプリコン変異体を含む細胞は生存し、コロニーを形成した。これらのコロニーを、10%Protocol SafeFix II試薬(Fisher Scientific)中の1%クリスタルバイオレットで染色し、カウントした。図5Aに示すように、それぞれのEC50値の10倍または100倍超での化合物4と化合物1または化合物2の組み合わせは、それぞれのEC50値の10倍または100倍超で、化合物1、化合物2または化合物4単独のいずれよりも著しく少ないコロニーをもたらした。
遺伝子型1、2または3に感染した治療未経験対象を治療するための、インターフェロンおよびリバビリンを用いない2−DAA組み合わせの使用
遺伝子型1
HCV遺伝子型1に感染した以前に治療されたことがない対象10名を、2−DAA組み合わせにより12週間治療した。治療は、インターフェロンおよびリバビリンを用いず、12週間続くように設計された。2−DAA組み合わせは、化合物1/r(200/100mg QD)および化合物4(25mg QD)を包含した。治療3週目に、10名の対象のうち7名は、検出可能なHCV RNAを示さず、残り3名の対象は、25IU/mL未満のHCV RNAレベルを有していた。4週目に、8名の対象は、検出可能なHCV RNAを示さず、残り2名は、25IU/mL未満のHCV RNAレベルを示した(またはそのHCV RNAレベルを有すると考えられる)。5週目に、9名の対象は、検出可能なHCV RNAを持たず、残り1名は、25IU/mL未満のHCV RNAレベルを有していた。治療6および7週目に、10名の対象全員を検査したところ、検出可能なHCV RNAが発見されなかった。治療9、10、11および12週目に、1名の対象が、ウイルス的リバウンド(ブレイクスルー)を示し、残り9名の対象は、検出可能なHCV RNAを示さなかった。
HCV遺伝子型2に感染した以前に治療されたことがない対象10名を、本実施例の同一レジメンにより治療した。治療3週目に、10名の対象のうち8名は、検出可能なHCV RNAを示さず、1名はウイルス的リバウンドとなり、1名は25IU/mL未満のHCV RNAレベルを有していた。治療5週目に、10名の対象のうち9名は、検出可能なHCV RNAを示さず、1名はブレイクスルーとなった。治療10、11および12週目に、10名の対象のうち少なくとも7名は、検査したところ検出可能なHCV RNAが発見されなかった。
同様に、HCV遺伝子型3に感染した以前に治療されたことがない対象10名を、本実施例の同一レジメンにより治療した。治療3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11および12週目に、2名の対象は、検出可能なHCV RNAを示さなかった。治療後2および4週目に、検出可能なHCV RNAを持たないことを、同じ2名の対象について確認した。多くの対象が、治療中にブレイクスルーになったと思われる。
遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験対象を治療するための、インターフェロンおよびリバビリンを用いない3−DAA組み合わせの使用
以前に治療されたことがないHCV遺伝子型1感染症の対象12名を、3−DAA組み合わせにより12週間治療した。治療は、インターフェロンおよびリバビリンを用いなかった。3−DAA組み合わせは、化合物1/r(150/100mg QD)、化合物2(400mg BID)および化合物4(25mg QD)を包含した。体重に基づくリバビリン投薬は、1000から1200mg、1日2回に分割の範囲に及んだ。
インターフェロン不使用DAA組み合わせ療法のための臨床モデリング
この実験は、異なるDAA組み合わせを用いたインターフェロン不使用HCV療法の最適の用量および期間を評価するための新規な臨床モデルを説明する。このモデルは、インターフェロン不使用の短期間療法における多くのDAA組み合わせの有効性を合理的に予測した。
(1)肝細胞(非感染または標的細胞)動力学
dT/dt=s−de*T−(1−η)*β*T*(VLWT+VLPoly+VLProt+VLNS5A+VLNS5AProt+VLPolyProt)
(2)感染細胞動力学
(a)野生型ウイルスに感染
d IWT/dt=(1−η)*β*T*VLWT−δ*IWT
(b)ポリメラーゼ変異体ウイルスに感染
d IPoly/dt=(1−η)*β*T*VLPoly−δ*IPoly
(c)プロテアーゼ変異体ウイルスに感染
d IProt/dt=(1−η)*β*T*VLProt−δ*IProt
(d)NS5A変異体ウイルスに感染
d INS5A/dt=(1−η)*β*T*VLNS5A−δ*INS5A
(e)プロテアーゼ−NS5A二重変異体ウイルスに感染
d INS5AProt/dt=(1−η)*β*T*VLNS5AProt−δ*INS5AProt
(f)プロテアーゼ−ポリメラーゼ二重変異体ウイルスに感染
d IPolyProt/dt=(1−η)*β*T*VLPolyProt−δ*IPolyProt
(3)ウイルス動力学
(a)野生型ウイルス
d VLWT/dt=(1−3*μ)*ρ*(1−Eff1)*IWT+μ*(ρ*(1−Eff2)*Fit1*IPoly+ρ*(1−Eff3)*Fit2*IProt+ρ*(1−Eff4)*Fit3*INS5A)−c*VLWT
(b)ポリメラーゼ変異体ウイルス
d VLPoly/dt=(1−μ−φ)*ρ*(1−Eff2)*Fit1*IPoly+μ*ρ*(1−Eff1)*IWT+φ*ρ*(1−Eff5)*Fit4*IPoly−Prot−c*VLPoly
(c)プロテアーゼ変異体ウイルス
d VLProt/dt=(1−μ−2*φ)*ρ*(1−Eff3)*Fit2*IProt+μ*ρ*(1−Eff3)*IWT+φ*(ρ*(1−Eff5)*Fit4*IPolyProt+ρ*(1−Eff6)*Fit5*INS5AProt)−c*VLProt
(d)NS5A変異体ウイルス
d VLNS5A/dt=(1−μ−φ)*ρ*(1−Eff4)*Fit3*INS5A+μ*ρ*(1−Eff1)*IWT+φ*ρ*(1−Eff6)*Fit5*INS5AProt−c*VLNS5A
(e)NS5Aおよびプロテアーゼ二重変異体ウイルス
d VLNS5AProt/dt=(1−2*φ)*ρ*(1−Eff6)*Fit5*INS5AProt+φ*(ρ*(1−Eff4)*Fit3*INS5A+ρ*(1−Eff3)*Fit2*IProt)−c*VLNS5AProt
(f)ポリおよびプロテアーゼ変異体二重変異体ウイルス
d VLPolyProt/dt=(1−2*φ)*ρ*(1−Eff5)*Fit4*IPolyProt+φ*(ρ*(1−Eff2)*Fit1*IPoly+ρ*(1−Eff3)*Fit2*IProt)−c*VLPolyProt
上記式で用いたパラメーターを表5で説明する。
Eff1=Emax*Conc/(EC50+Conc)
(式中、Emaxは最大阻害を表し、Concは血漿DAA濃度であり、EC50はウイルスロード産生を50%阻害する濃度である)
を用いて説明される。野生型ウイルスと比較した変異体についてのEC50の倍数変化はインビトロでのレプリコン試験から得られる値に基づいたので、EC50は野生型ウイルスについてのみ推定した。
(1−Eff1)=(1−EffDAA1)*(1−EffDAA2)*(1−EffDAA3)
η=ConcRBV/(EC50−RBV+ConcRBV)
である。
a.DAA当たり1つの単一変異体
b.DAAの組み合わせ当たり1つの二重変異体
BMS−790052およびBMS−650032を含むインターフェロン不使用DAA組み合わせ療法のための臨床モデリング
上述したモデルを、BMS−790052の2つのフェーズ1および1つのフェーズ2試験ならびにBMS−650032の1つのフェーズ1および1つのフェーズ2a試験を含む既存の公開臨床データに基づいて、BMS−790052およびBMS−650032を含みリバビリンを含まないインターフェロン不使用治療レジメンのSVRパーセンテージを予測するのにも用いた。図9は、遺伝子型1未経験対象において、BMS−790052(60mg QD)およびBMS−650032(600BID)を含む2−DAAレジメンの異なる治療期間についての予測中位SVRパーセンテージおよび90%のSVR信頼区間を示す。遺伝子型1対象におけるBMS−790052(60mg QD)+BMS−650032(600mg BID)の組み合わせは、10週間の投与について約70%の予測SVR率で、12週間以上の期間改善されたSVRを達成すると予測された。リバビリンを含むこと以外は同様のレジメンあるいはリバビリンを含むまたは含まないでBMS−790052およびBMS−650032を同様に投与するレジメンは、同様のSVR率を達成すると期待される。
PSI−7977を含むインターフェロン不使用療法のための臨床モデリング
同様に、インターフェロンおよびリバビリンを含まない3−DAAレジメンを、既存の臨床データをもとにして、遺伝子型1患者についてモデル化した。3−DAAレジメンは、200/100mg QD化合物1/r、50mg QD化合物4および400mg QD PSI−7977を含む。図10は、この3−DAA組み合わせの異なる治療期間についての予測中位SVR率を表す。この3−DAA組み合わせは、6週間で60%超のSVRを有し、8週間、10週間、12週間またはそれ以上の治療で80%超のSVRを有すると予測された。リバビリンを含むこと以外は同様のレジメン、あるいは、リバビリンを含むまたは含まない化合物1/r、化合物4およびPSI−7977の同様の投与でのレジメンは、同様のSVR率を達成すると期待される。
ダノプレビルおよびメリシタビンを含むインターフェロン不使用DAA組み合わせ療法のための臨床モデリング
さらに、ダノプレビルおよびメリシタビンの1つのフェーズ1および1つのフェーズ2試験からのデータを、薬物動態学的およびウイルス動力学モデルパラメーターを推定するために使用した。リトナビルをダノプレビルと同時投与してダノプレビルの薬物動態を改善した。遺伝子型1未経験患者におけるダノプレビルおよびメリシタビンとの2−DAAの組み合わせの予測を図14に示す。このモデルは、リバビリンを含まないダノプレビルおよびメリシタビンとの組み合わせでの16週間の投与に続いて、HCV患者の少なくとも90%がSVRを達成できると予測している。
テゴブビル(GS−9190)、GS−9451およびGS−5885を含むインターフェロン不使用DAA組み合わせ療法のための臨床モデリング
GS−9190(テゴブビル)、GS−9451およびGS−5885のフェーズ1およびフェーズ2試験からのデータを、薬物動態学的およびウイルス動力学モデルパラメーターを推定するために使用した。遺伝子型1未経験患者におけるリバビリンを使用しないGS−9190(テゴブビル)、GS−9451およびGS−5885での組み合わせの予測を図15に示す。このモデルは、リバビリンを使用しないGS−9190(テゴブビル)+GS−9451+GS−5885+RBVでの組み合わせの12週間の投与に続いて遺伝子型1未経験患者の約70%がSVRを達成でき、24週間の治療に続いて遺伝子型1未経験患者の>80%がSVRを達成できると予測している。
PSI−7977(GS−7977)を含むインターフェロン不使用DAA組み合わせ療法のための臨床モデリング
GS−9451およびGS−7977(PSI−7977)のフェーズ1およびフェーズ2試験からのデータを、薬物動態学的およびウイルス動力学モデルパラメーターを推定するために使用した。遺伝子型1未経験患者におけるリバビリンを使用しないGS−9451およびGS−7977(PSI−7977)での組み合わせの予測を図16に示す。
TMC−43およびダクラタスビル(BMS−790052)を含むインターフェロン不使用DAA組み合わせ療法のための臨床モデリング
TMC−435の1つのフェーズ1a試験ならびにダクラタスビル(BMS−790052)の2つのフェーズ1および1つのフェーズ2試験からのデータを、薬物動態学的およびウイルス動力学モデルパラメーターを推定するために使用した。遺伝子型1未経験患者におけるTMC−435およびダクラタスビルでの組み合わせの予測を図17に示す。
Claims (30)
- 少なくとも2種の直接作用型抗ウイルス剤(DAA)をHCV患者に投与するステップを含むHCVの治療の方法であって、前記治療が、前記患者へのインターフェロンまたはリバビリンの投与を包含せず、ならびに前記治療が、8、9、10、11または12週間続く、HCVの治療の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、
化合物1またはその薬学的に許容される塩、および
化合物4またはその薬学的に許容される塩
を含み、化合物1またはその塩が、リトナビルと同時投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 治療が12週間続く、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、
化合物1またはその薬学的に許容される塩、
化合物2またはその薬学的に許容される塩、および
化合物4またはその薬学的に許容される塩
を含み、化合物1またはその塩が、リトナビルと同時投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 治療が12週間続く、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、PSI−7977およびTMC−435を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 治療が12週間続く、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、PSI−7977およびダクラタスビルを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 治療が12週間続く、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、PSI−7977およびGS−5885を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 治療が12週間続く、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、BMS−790052およびBMS−650032を含み、治療が、10、11または12週間続く、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 治療が12週間続く、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、メリシタビンおよびダノプレビルを含み、治療が12週間続く、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 患者が、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2種のDAAが、INX−189およびダクラタスビルを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- PSI−7977を、HCV遺伝子型1に感染した治療未経験患者に投与するステップを含むHCVの治療の方法であって、前記治療が、前記患者へのインターフェロンまたはリバビリンの投与を包含せず、前記治療が、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、または24週間続く、HCVの治療の方法。
- 治療が12週間続く、請求項29に記載の方法。
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