FI97392C - In vitro -menetelmä antigeenispesifisten ihmisen monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden valmistamiseksi - Google Patents
In vitro -menetelmä antigeenispesifisten ihmisen monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden valmistamiseksi Download PDFInfo
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Description
97392
In vitro -menetelmä antigeenispesifisten ihmisen monoklo-naalisten vasta-aineiden valmistamiseksi Tämä keksintö koskee menetelmää IgG-, IgA- ja IgM-5 tyyppien antigeenispesifisten ihmisen monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden tuoton vahvistamiseksi Epsteinin-Barrin viruksella (EBV) transformoiduista ihmisen perifeerisen veren lymfosyyteistä, joista T-solut on poistettu, käyttäen adjuvanttisysteemiä, joka koostuu 8-merkaptoguanosii-10 nista ja ainakin toisesta sytokiineista interleukiini-4 (IL-4) ja interleukiini-6 (IL-6). Se sisältää myös adju-vanttisysteemin ja tälläisen systeemin sisältävän tarvi-kesarjan.
Hiiristä peräisin olevat monoklonaaliset vasta-ai-15 neet ovat yleisimmin käytettyjä reagensseja in vivo -hoito- ja -diagnoosimenetelmissä ja in vitro -diagnostisessa testauksessa. Vaikka näiden hiiren monoklonaalisten käytöllä on saatu varsin paljon menestystä, suuri haitta on se, että ne eivät ole identtisiä ihmisten tuottamien vas-20 ta-aineiden kanssa. Johtuen lajien välisestä erilaistumisesta, kun hiiren monoklonaalisia vasta-aineita käytetään ihmisten in vivo -diagnoosi- tai -hoitokäsittelyyn, nykyään tiedetään, että käsitellyssä potilaassa voi muodostua hiiren vastaisia vasta-aineita. Näiden hiiren vastaisten 25 vasta-aineiden läsnäolo voi herkistää potilaan siinä määrin, että enempi hoito tai diagnostinen testaus hiiren monoklonaalisia vasta-aineita käyttäen estyy. Myös herkistyneiden potilaiden in vitro -tulokset voivat vääristyä johtuen hiiren vastaisten vasta-aineiden vuorovaikutukses-30 ta hiiren vasta-aineiden kanssa diagnoosimäärityksessä. Näiden ongelmien eliminoimiseksi paras monoklonaalinen vasta-aine, erityisesti in vivo käytettäväksi, on ihmisestä peräisin oleva.
Vaikka on teoreettisesti mahdollista tuottaa ihmi-35 sen vasta-aineita käyttäen soluja eri elimistä, kuten per- 97392 2 nasta tai kitarisoista, helpoimmin saatavissa oleva lähde on tarjolla oleva perifeerinen veri.
Ammattimiehille on tunnettua, että on mahdollista tuottaa ihmisen perifeerisen veren lymfosyyteistä (PBL) 5 peräisin olevia antigeenispesifisiä monoklonaalisia vasta-aineita. Valitettavasti onnistumistaajuus oikean iso-tyypin antigeenispesifisten ihmisen vasta-aineiden tuottamisessa on vaikeaa ja erityisen aikaa vievää. Suurin osa monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden tuoton tutkimusta on tehty 10 hiirimallilla, ja PBL:ien käyttö on uudempi ala. Koska ennen verenluovutusta luovuttaja ei yleensä ole immunisoi-tunut, eikä häntä voida immunisoida, PBL:ien B-solut täytyy altistaa asianmukaiselle antigeenille ja siten aktivoida vasta in vitro. Aktivaatio antigeenillä aloittaa 15 syklin, joka jatkuu B-solujen lisääntymisellä ja sitten näiden solujen erilaistumisella vasta-ainetta tuottaviksi soluiksi. Sitten kun nämä solut tuottavat vasta-ainetta antigeeniä vastaan, on yleensä havaittu, että IgM-isotyyp-pi on yleisimmin tuotettu isotyyppi. Kuitenkin paras iso-20 tyyppi moniin sovelluksiin on IgG.
On tunnettua, että antigeenin presentaatio in vitro on teknisesti hyvin vaikea tehdä. Antigeenispesifistä B-soluaktivaatiota, lisääntymistä ja erilaistumista tiedetään tapahtuvan tietyn yhdisteluokan kanssa, joka tunne-.. 25 taan C8-substituoituina guaniiniribonukleosideina (M. G.
Goodman, "Immunobiologic properties of the C8-Derivatized Guanine Ribonucleosides", Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 37, 344 - 350 (1983); M. G. Goodman ym., "Derivatized Guanine Nucleosides: A New Class of Adjuvant for In Vitro 30 Antibody Responses", J. of Immuno., 130, 2 580 - 2 585 (1983); L. Danielsson ym., "Effect of Cytokines on Specific In Vitro Immunization of Human Peripheral B Lymphocytes Against T-cell Dependent Antigens", Immunology, 61, 51 - 55 (1987); M. G. Goodman, "Role of Salvage and Phos-35 phorylation in the Immunostimulatory Activity of C8-Subs- 97392 3 tituted Guanine Ribonucleosides", J. Immuno., 141, 2 394 -2 399 (1988); W. J. Hennen ym., EPA 0 341 065, "Immunosti-mulating Guanine Derivatives, Compositions and Methods"). Joitakin aktiivisemmista yhdisteistä ovat 8-bromiguanosii-5 ni, 8-merkaptoguanosiini ja 7-metyyli-8-oksoguanosiini. Vaikka spesifistä aktivaatiotapaa ei tunnetta täsmälleen, C8-derivatisoiduilla guaniiniribonukleosideilla, ja erityisesti 8-merkaptoguanosiinilla (8-MG), on kyky tehostaa B-solun aktivaatiota antigeenispesifistä vasta-ainetta 10 tuottavan solun muodostamiseksi. Niinpä vaikka PBLrissä esiintyvien antigeenispesifisten B-solujen lukumäärä viljelmän alussa voi olla alle yksi 106 - 107:stä, 8-MG:n lisäys sallii etusijassa niiden solujen, joilla on vaste antigeenille in vitro, kloonien laajentumisen.
15 L. Danielsson ym. (ks. edeltä) ovat tutkineet syto- kiinien vaikutusta ihmisen B-lymfosyyttien antigeenispesi-fiseen aktivaatioon. Sekä PBLriä, joista T-solut oli poistettu, että erottelemattomia PBL:iä käytettiin tässä tutkimuksessa yhdessä antigeeninä olevan hemosyaniinin sekä 20 hiiren rekombinantti-IL-1:n ja ihmisen rekombinantti-IL-2:n kanssa, muiden adjuvantteina olleiden sytokiinien rinnalla. Havaittiin, että erottelemattomissa PBL:issä ei tapahtunut lainkaan in vitro -immunisaatiota. PBLiistä, joista T-solut oli poistettu, löydettiin antigeenispesifi-25 siä ihmisen B-soluja, ja erilaistuminen parani lisäämällä B-solujen erilaistumistekijää ja IL-2:ta. IL-l:n lisäämisellä oli vain häviävän pieni vaikutus. Kuitenkin B-solujen erilaistumistekijää, tässä tapauksessa kermesmarjan mitogeenin ("pokeweed mitogen") T-solut korvaavaa tekijää, 30 oli ehdottoman välttämätön käyttää minkäänlaisen vasteen saamiseksi.
Vuonna 1985 Goodman ja Weigle tutkivat PBLtien, joista T-solut oli poistettu, antigeenispesifistä primaa-rivasta-ainevastetta in vitro käyttäen 7-metyyli-8-okso-35 guanosiinia ja IL-2:ta. Tulokset osoittavat tämän adju- 97392 4 vanttiyhdistelmän saaneen aikaan antigeenispesifisen vas-ta-ainevasteen PBL-systeemissä, josta T-solut on poistettu. 7-metyyli-8-oksoguanosiini testattiin ainoana adju-vanttina, kuten 8-MG:kin. Siinä missä 7-metyyli-8-okso-5 guanosiini indusoi toistettavasti vasta-ainevasteen suuren tehostumisen, 8-MG indusoi paljon pienemmän vasteen. (M.
G. Goodman ym., "Enhancement of the Human Antibody Response by C8-Substituted Guanine Ribonucleosides in Synergy with Interleukin-2", J. Immuno., 135, 3 284 - 3 288 10 (1985)).
Myöhemmin tehtiin samankaltainen tutkimus sen määrittämiseksi, onko eri sytokiineillä kyky olla synergisiä 8-MG:n kanssa B-solujen antigeeniresponsiivisuuden kohottamiseksi. Hiiren solulinjoja käytettiin. Tulokset viitta-15 sivat siihen, että synergistisiä vaikutuksia ei ilmennyt gamma-interferonilla, puhdistetulla IL-l:llä, IL-2:lla, IL-3:lla, IL-4:llä eikä IL-5:llä, mutta ilmeni alfa-interferonilla ja beeta-interferonilla. (M. G. Goodman, "Interaction Between Cytokines and 8-Mercaptoguanosine in Humo-20 ral Immunity: Synergy with Interferon", J. Immuno., 139, 142 - 146 (1987)).
Toinen ongelma, joka tulee vastaan tutkijoille, jotka yrittävät tuottaa ihmisen monoklonaalisia PBL:istä, on IgG- ja IgA-isotyyppien tarve. Yrityksissä tehdä anti-25 geenispesifistä vasta-ainetta tuottavat B-solut kuolemattomiksi käytetään perinteisiä menettelyjä, kuten näiden solujen transformaatiota EBVrllä. Ikävä kyllä EBV-trans-formoidut solut tuottavat etupäässä IgM-isotyypin vasta-aineita. Tarvitaan menetelmää sellaisten ihmisen poly-30 klonaalisten vasta-aineiden tuottamiseksi, jotka sisältä vät olennaisesti vähemmän IgM:ä ja olennaisesti enemmän IgG:tä ja IgA:ta kuin nykyisin tunnetaan. Nämä ihmisen monoklonaalisia vasta-aineita tuottavat solut voitaisiin sitten kerätä talteen, kloonata ja käyttää tuottamaan ih-35 misen monoklonaalisia vasta-aineita soluviljelmässä.
- 97392 5 Tämä keksintö on menetelmä, jolla vahvistetaan an-tigeenispesifisten ihmisen monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden tuottoa in vitro, pääasiallisesti IgG- ja IgA-isotyyppien, mutta myös antigeenispesifisen IgM:n, käyttäen ihmisen 5 perifeerisen veren lymfosyyttejä, joista T-solut on poistettu, jotka on transformoitu EBV:llä ja viljelty 8-mer-kaptoguanosiinin (8-MG:n) ja IL-4:n, 8-MG:n ja IL-6:n, tai 8-MG:n ja IL-4:n ja IL-6:n kanssa. Erityisesti keksintö on menetelmä, jolle on tunnusomaista, että: 10 a) hankitaan ihmisen perifeerisen veren lymfosyyt tejä (PBL), b) poistetaan T-solut kyseisistä PBLristä sinänsä tunnetulla tavalla, c) transformoidaan PBL:t, joista T-solut on pois-15 tettu, Epsteinin-Barrin viruksella antigeenin sekä adju- vanttien 8-MG ja IL-4, 8-MG ja IL-6, tai 8-MG ja IL-4 ja IL-6 kanssa, d) tunnistetaan antigeenispesifisiä IgG- ja IgA-tyyppien vasta-aineita tuottavat solut, ja 20 e) kloonataan kyseiset tunnistetut solut, jotta tuotettaisiin solulinjoja käytettäviksi antigeenispesifis-ten IgG-, IgA- ja IgM-tyyppien monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden valmistamiseen.
8-MG:n ja antigeenin lisääminen viljeltyihin EBV-25 transformoituihin PBL:iin, joista T-solut on poistettu, lisää dramaattisesti todennäköisyyttä, että transformoidaan kiinnostavia vasta-aineita tuottavia B-soluja laajentamalla antigeenispesifisiä klooneja viljelyn alkuvaiheissa. IL-4:n ja IL-6:n lisääminen viljelmään tehostaa B-so-30 lujen erilaistumista ja isotyypin vaihtamista, mikä johtaa *· 20 - 40 -kertaiseen lisäykseen polyklonaalisten vasta-ai- * · neiden (PCA) tuotossa verrattuna pelkästään EBV:llä infek-toituihin PBL:iin.
Ihmisen kokoverta otetaan hepariinia sisältäviin 35 Vacutainer™-putkiin (Becton Dickenson, Rutheford, NJ, 6 97392 USA). Vaikka tämä on edullinen kokoveren hankintatapa, mikä tahansa muu menetelmä, kuten neulan ja hepariinipinnoi-tetun ruiskun käyttö, on hyväksyttävä. Perifeerisen veren lymfosyytit erotetaan käyttäen tiheysgradienttia, kuten 5 Ficoll-Hypaque™ (Pharmacia Biotechnology Group, Uppsala, Ruotsi). Myös muut menetelmät, jotka kykenevät erottamaan PBL:t kokoveren muista osista, ovat hyväksyttäviä.
On havaittu, että T-soluja sisältävät PBL:t eivät tuota antigeenispesifisiä vasta-aineita. Siksi T-solujen 10 poistaminen PBLristä on seuraava vaihe. PBL:t suspensoi-daan fysiologiseen puskuroituun suolaliuokseen (PBS), sekoitetaan aminoetyy1i-isotiouraoniumbromidihydrobromidi-käsiteltyjen (AET-käsiteltyjen) lampaan punasolujen kanssa, pannaan jäihin ja sitten suspensoidaan uudelleen. 15 "Ruusukkeita" muodostaneet ("rosetted") T-solut poistetaan Ficoll-Hypaque-tiheysgradienttisentrifugoinnilla,tuloksena PBL:t, joista T-solut on poistettu. Tämä ruusukkeenmuo-dostustekniikka on edullinen menetelmä, vaikkakin, jos muut menetelmät osoittautuvat toimiviksi T-solujen poista-20 misessa PBL:istä, tuloksena saatavat PBL:t voivat olla hyödyllisiä tässä keksinnössä.
Sitten PBL:t, joista T-solut on poistettu, altistetaan transformoiville agensseille, tuloksena jatkuvasti kasvavia solulinjoja, jotka tuottavat monoklonaalisia vas-25 ta-aineita. Edullinen menetelmä on EBV:n käyttäminen transformoivana agenssina, vaikkakin voidaan käyttää mitä tahansa lymfotrooppista virusta tai muuta transformoivaa agenssia, joka kykenee transformoimaan B-soluja jatkuvassa viljelmässä kasvaviksi ja silti monoklonaalisia vasta-ai-30 neita tuottaviksi.
·· Sitten PBL:t, joista T-solut on poistettu, suspen soidaan EBV-infektoidun viljelmän supernatanttiin ja inku-boidaan 1-2 tunnin ajan 37 eC:ssa. Inkubaation jälkeen EBV-infektoidut PBL:t maljataan mikrotiitterilevyn kuop-35 piin, joihin lisätään edullisessa menetelmässä HurIL-4:ä, • ·
II
. 97392 7
HurIL-6:ta (hankittu Genzyme Corporationilta, Boston, MA, USA), 8-MG:tä ja antigeeniä. Kumpi tahansa interleukii-neista voidaan lisätä joko yksinään tai yhdistelmänä 8-MG:n kanssa. Muitakin IL-4:n ja IL-6:n alkuperiä kuin 5 ihmisen rekombinanttinen voidaan käyttää, kuten puhdistettuja ihmisen interleukiineja, hiiren IL-6:ta ja T-solulin-jöistä tai T-soluviljelmistä saatavissa supernatanteissa tavattavia interleukiineja. Elatusaine on Dulbeccon muunnetusta Eaglen elatusaineesta ja Hamin F12-elatusaineesta 10 muodostuva standardielatusaine (DMEM/F12, hankittu Gibcol-ta, Grand Island, NY), johon on lisätty 10 % naudan sikiön seerumia sekä gentamysiiniä. Viljelmiä inkuboidaan 37 °C:ssa 5 % C02-ilmakehän kosteututetussa inkubaattoris-sa. Neljän päivän kuluttua uutta elatusainetta lisätään 15 jokaiseen kuoppaan, ja sen jälkeen joka neljäs päivä su-pernatanttia poistetaan ja tuoretta elatusainetta lisätään. Tämän menettelyn muunnelmat voivat olla hyväksyttäviä, koska edellä oleva on edullisen menetelmän kuvaus.
Supernatantista testataan antigeenispesifinen ja 20 polyklonaalinen vasta-ainetuotanto. ELISA-menetelmä on osoittanut IgG-, IgM- ja IgA-immunoglobuliinituotannon lisääntyvän ajan myötä näissä supernatanteissa, IgG-immu-noglobuliinin ollessa suurimmissa määrin tuotettu.
Näitä EBV-transformoituja lymfosyyttejä voidaan 25 kloonata rajalaimennustekniikalla 96-kuoppaisiin mikro- tiitterilevyihin, joissa on hiiren makrofaagisolulinja ruokkijasolukerroksena. Joissakin tapauksissa säteilytet-tyjä PBL:iä voidaan käyttää ruokkijasoluina kloonattujen lymfosyyttien kasvun tukemiseksi. Näitä lymfosyyttejä voi-30 daan myös fuusioida sopivan fuusiopartnerin kanssa stabiilin, monoklonaalista vasta-ainetta tuottavan hybridooman tuottamiseksi.
Seuraavat esimerkit kuvaavat uuden, keksinnöllisen menetelmän. Nämä esimerkit annetaan ainoastaan tämän kek-35 sinnön havainnollistamiseksi, eikä niitä tule millään ta- 97392 8 valla tulkita patenttijulkaisun muiden osien rajoituksiksi .
Esimerkki 1
Sellaisten PBL:ien valmistus, joista T-solut on 5 poistettu a) Ihmisen kokoverta otettiin luovuttajilta hepa-riinia sisältäviin Vacutainer™-verenottoputkiin. Kokoveri laimennettiin suhteessa 1:2 PBSillä ja pantiin kerrokseksi Ficoll-Hypaquen päälle. Ficoll-Hypaquen ja kokoveren si- 10 sältävä putki sentrifugoitiin 400 g:llä 20 minuutin ajan. Valkosolu- ja verihiutalekerros ("buffy coat") poistettiin Ficoll-Hypaquen päältä ja pestiin kolmesti PBSillä.
b) Tuoreita, alle kaksi viikkoa vanhoja lampaan punasoluja (SRBC) pestiin ja sentrifugoitiin kolmesti.
15 Viimeisen pesun jälkeen pakkautuneet SRBC:t sekoitettiin kolminkertaiseen tilavuuteen 0,14 M aminoetyyli-isotioura-oniumbromidihydrobromidia (AET) pH:ssa 9,0 15 minuutin ajaksi 37 eC:ssa. ΑΕΤ-SRBC:iden suspensio tehtiin PBS:ään.
c) PBL:t suspensoitiin uudelleen PBSrään tiheydessä 20 1 x 107 solua/ml ja sekoitettiin yhtä suuren tilavuuden 0,5 % AET-SRBC-suspensiota kanssa. Seosta sentrifugoitiin 500 rpmrssä 5 minuuttia. Kevyesti pakkautuneet solut pantiin jäihin 15 minuutiksi. Sitten solut suspensoitiin varovasti, ja PBL:t, joista T-solut on poistettu, eristet- 25 tiin Ficoll-Hypaqueta käyttäen.
Esimerkki 2 PBL-viljelmän valmistus a) Epsteinin-Barrin virusta sisältäviä soluviljel-mäsupernatantteja kerättiin 5-6 päivää vanhoista B95- 30 soluista (hankittu American Type Culture Collectionista,
Rockville, Maryland, USA) ja pakastettiin -70 °C:seen, kunnes niitä tarvittiin.
b) PBL:t, joista T-solut oli poistettu, suspensoitiin edellisen mukaiseen EBV-infektoitujen viljelmien su- 35 pernatanttiin tiheydessä 1 x 106 solua/ml ja inkuboitiin 97392 9 37 eC:ssa 1-2 tuntia ennen maljausta 96-kuoppaisille mikrotiitterilevyille lopullisessa tiheydessä 2 x 104 solua/kuoppa. HurIL-4:ä lisättiin kuoppiin lopulliseen pitoisuuteen 100 yksikköä/ml, vaikkakin alue noin 5 - 100 5 yksikköä/ml on hyväksyttävä. HurIL-6:ta lisättiin kuhunkin kuopista lopulliseen pitoisuuteen 50 yksikköä/ml, alueen noin 10 - 100 yksikköä ollessa hyväksyttävä. 1,0 mM/ml 8-MG:tä (Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), joka oli liuotettu 0,3 ml:aan 0,1 N Na0H:a, lisättiin kuoppaa kohti. 8-10 MG:tä voidaan lisätä välillä noin 0,3 - 1,0 mM/ml. Samanaikaisesti antigeeni lisättiin jokaiseen valmiiseen vil-jelmäkuoppaan. Ovalbumiini, karsinoembryoninen antigeeni (CEA) ja HT-29, säteilytetty paksusuolisyöpäsolulinja, olivat käytetyt antigeenit. 24 kuoppaan annosteltiin 40 pg 15 ovalbumiinia ja toisiin 24:än annosteltiin 400 pg.
40 ng/ml CEA:ta annosteltiin kuhunkin 54:stä kuopasta, ja 2 x 104 HT-29 solua/kuoppa oli toisissa 60 kuopassa käytetty annos. Viljelmiä inkuboitiin 37 °C:ssa 5 % C02-ilmakehän kosteututetussa inkubaattorissa kokeen ajan. Neljän päivän 20 kuluttua viljelmän aloittamisesta 50 mikrolitraa elatus-ainetta lisättiin jokaiseen kuoppaan. Elatusaine koostui DMEM/F12:sta, johon oli lisätty 10 % naudan sikiön seerumia ja gentamysiiniä.
Joka neljäs päivä tämän jälkeen 100 mikrolitraa 25 viljelmien supernatantteja poistettiin ja 100 mikrolitraa tuoretta elatusainetta lisättiin kuhunkin kuoppaan. Viljelmien supernatanteista määritettiin polyklonaaliset (PCA) ja antigeenispesifiset vasta-aineet.
Esimerkki 3
30 PCA-tuoton ELISA
IgG-, IgM- ja IgA-tyyppien vasta-aineiden esiintyminen edellisen esimerkin 2 viljelmien supernatanteissa määritettiin ELISA:11a. 96-kuoppaisia Immulon II -levyjä (Dynatech, Chantilly, Maryland) pinnoitettiin vuohessa 35 tuotetun ihmisen IgG:n tai IgA:n vastaisen vasta-aineen 10 973S2 0,2 pg/ml liuoksella tai vuohessa tuotetun ihmisen IgM:n vastaisen vasta-aineen 0,1 pg/ml liuoksella (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories (KPL), Gaithersburg, Maryland). Blokkauksen jälkeen 50 mikrolitraa supernatanttia lisät-5 tiin joka kuoppaan, ja puhdistettua IgG:tä, IgA:ta ja Ig-M:ä, hankittu Cappel Laboratoriesilta, Cochranville, Pen-nysylvania, käytettiin standardeina. Levyjä inkuboitiin tunnin ajan 37 °C:ssa. Pesun jälkeen lisättiin KPL:Itä hankittuja piparjuuren peroksidaasilla leimattuja vuohes-10 sa tuotettuja ihmisen IgG:n, IgA:n, IgM:n, kappa- ja lamb-daketjujen vastaisia vasta-aineita, ja sitten inkuboitiin tunnin ajan 37 °C:ssa. Pesun jälkeen lisättiin KPL:n toimittamaa TMB-entsyymisubstraattia ja levyjä inkuboitiin huoneenlämmössä 30 minuuttia. 2 N rikkihappoa lisättiin 15 reaktion pysäyttämiseksi. Absorbanssi mitattiin aallonpituudella 450 nm mikrotiitterilevyjen lukulaitetta käyttäen. Tulokset esitetään taulukossa 1.
Taulukko 1
Polyklonaaliset vasta-aineet 20 Positiivisten kuoppien lkm (%+)
Antigeeni Kuoppien lkm IgG IgA IgM
Kontrolli- elatusaine 24 2(8) 7(29) 15(62) 25 OVA 400 pg/ml 32 10(31) 13(40) 23(72) 40 pg/ml 32 5(16) 13(40) 22(69) HT-29 60 16(26) 23(38) 54(90) CEA 54 29(53) 13(24) 45(83)
Isotyyppispesifinen polyklonaalinen vasta-ainevaste 30 oli lisääntynyt 8-MG:tä ja lL-4:ä ja IL-6:ta saavissa kuopissa antigeenin läsnäollessa verrattuna pelkkää elatus-ainetta sisältäviin kontrolliviljelmiin. IgG- ja IgA-iso-tyyppien prosenttimääräinen nousu oli useimmissa tapauksissa suurempi kuin IgM:n.
35 Antigeenispesifinen ELISA suoritettiin samaan ta paan kuin edellä kiinnostuksen kohteena olevan antigeenin ollessa pinnoitettuna levylle seuraavilla pitoisuuksilla: 97392 11 OVA, 10 pg/ml ja CEA, 3,0 pg/ml. Tulokset esitetään taulukossa 2.
Taulukko 2
Antigeenispesifiset vasta-aineet 5 Positiivisten kuoppien lkm (%+)
Ensiseulonta 3. pasaasi
Antigeeni Kuoppien lkm Kuoppien lkm Kuoppien lkm OVA 400 pg/ml 32 19 (59) 19 (59) 10 40 pg/ml 32 11 (21) 9 (28) HT-29* 60 9 (15) 7 (12) CEA 40 ng/ml 54 14 (26) 21 (39) *Määritettiin CEA:n suhteen
Pelkkää elatusainetta sisältävistä kuopista saa-15 duissa viljelmien supernatanteissa ei nähty lainkaan antigeenispesif istä vastetta OVA:lie tai CEA:lie ensimäärityk-sessä seulottaessa. Kun taas antigeenistimuloiduista kuopista saaduissa viljelmien supernatanteissa nähtiin korkea lukumäärä antigeenispesifisiä kuoppia kontrolliin verrat-20 tuna ja myös se, että antigeenispesifisten vasta-aineiden tuotanto jatkui yhä solujen kolmannessa pasaasissa, noin 11 viikon ajan jälkeen.
Esimerkki 4
Sellaisten systeemien vertailu, joista T-solut on 25 poistettu ja joista T-soluja ei ole poistettu a) Tämän keksinnöllisen menetelmän T-solujen poiston vaikutuksen määrittämiseksi käytettiin systeemejä, joissa käytetyistä PBLristä T-solut oli poistettu tai ei ollut poistettu. PBL:t otettiin luovuttajilta ja erotet-30 tiin, kuten esimerkissä 1 on kuvattu. Puolet soluista käsiteltiin AET-SRBC:illä, kuten esimerkissä 1 on kuvattu, ja puolta ei. Koe suoritettiin kuten esimerkissä 2 on kuvattu, paitsi että heterologiset ihmisen punasolut olivat ainoa käytetty antigeeni, tiheyksissä 2 x 103 ja 5 x 102, 35 ja 96 kuoppaa käytettiin kummallekin PBL-preparaattityypille. Kuviosta 1 nähdään, että ne kontrolleina käytetyt PBL:t, joista T-solut oli poistettu, jotka sisälsivät 97392 12 pelkkää elatusainetta, tuottivat noin 10-kertaisesti enemmän jokaisen testatun isotyypin immunoglobuliinia.
b) Kuviot 2, 3 ja 4 ovat tiivistelmä tuloksista, joissa on vertailtu 8-MG:n vaikutusta yhdessä IL-6:n kans- 5 sa ja yhdessä IL-4:n kanssa ajan funktiona edellisessä kohdassa a kuvatuissa viljelmissä. IgM-, IgG- ja IgA-im-munoglobuliinin tuotto lisääntyi ajan funktiona niiden viljelmien supernatanteissa, joista T-solut oli poistettu, IgG:n ollessa korkeimmissa määrin tuotettu. IL-4:n ja 8-10 MG:n yhdistelmä tehosti tuotantoa verrattuna 8-MG:hen ja IL-4:än.
Viljelmät, joihin pantiin PBL:iä, joista T-soluja ei ollut poistettu, tuottivat enimmillään 1 pg/ml IgM- tyyppistä PCA:ta, kun taas IgA:lla ja IgG:llä havaittiin 15 vain vähän tai ei lainkaan nousua.
Taulukossa A nähdään päivänä 20 esiintyvien IgG:n,
IgA:n ja IgM:n arvot mikrogrammaa/ml sekä viljelysystee- meissä, joista T-solut on poistettu että systeemeissä, joista niitä ei ole poistettu.
20 Taulukko Ά - päivä 20
Viljelmä pg/ml vasta-ainetta (lisäys kertaa)
IgM IgG IgA
Elatusaine, koko-PBL:t 0,126 0,1 0,1
Elatusaine, T-solut 1,11(8,8) 1,08(10,8) 1,19(11,9) 25 poistettu 8-MG+IL-4, T-solut 2,18(17) 3,72(37,2) 2,87(28,7) poistettu 8-MG+IL-6, T-solut 2,22(17,6) 2,53(25,3) 2,5 (25,0) poistettu 30 Tästä taulukosta nähdään supernatantteihin tuotet tujen immunoglobuliinien 20 - 40 -kertainen lisäys niissä viljelmissä, jotka sisältävät PBL:iä, joista T-solut on poistettu, ja adjuvantit 8-MG ja IL-4 tai 8-MG ja IL-6, verrattuna PBL-viljelmiin, joista T-soluja ei ole poistet-35 tu, ilman adjuvantteja.
c) Kuvio 5 esittää tuloksia, jotka osoittavat 8-MG:n, IL-4:n ja IL-6:n jokaisen tehostavan PBL:ien, joista 97392 13 T-solut on poistettu, polyklonaalista vasta-ainevastetta verrattuna soluihin, joita inkuboidaan pelkässä elatusai-neessa. 8-MG:n ja IL-4:n yhdistelmä johti suurempaan IgG:n lisääntymiseen kuin kullakin reagenssilla yksinään havait-5 tiin.
Esimerkki 5
Antigeenispesifinen vasta-aineiden tuotto
Heterologisia ihmisen punasoluja, tiheydessä 4 x 103 punasolua/kuoppa, käytettiin ainoana antigeeninä kokeessa, 10 joka suoritettiin kuten esimerkissä 2. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että 8-MG:llä saattaa olla tehtävä antigeenispesi-fisen responsiivisuuden ohjaamisessa in vitro.
Hemagglutinaatiomäärityksiä (HA) tehtiin punasolu-vasta-aineiden esiintymisen mittaamiseksi. Lopulliset vil-15 jelmien supernatantit sekoitettiin 1 %:sen punasoluseoksen kanssa (25 mikrolitraa kuhunkin) HA-levyllä ja inkuboitiin huoneenlämmössä tunnin ajan. Levyt kallistettiin 45 asteen kulmaan, ja agglutinaatiota tarkasteltiin. Kuopat, jotka osoittivat suoraa HA-aktiivisuutta merkittiin ylös ja le-20 vyt pestiin kolmesti PBS:llä. Vuohessa tuotettua ihmisen Ig:n vastaista vasta-ainetta (1:100) lisättiin jokaiseen kuoppaan, sekoitettiin ja jätettiin huoneenlämpöön tunniksi. Levyt kallistettiin 45 asteen kulmaan, ja agglutinaatiota tarkasteltiin. Tulokset esitetään taulukossa 3.
25 Taulukko 3
Antigeenispesifisten vasta-aineiden kehittyminen in vitro heterologisia punasoluja vastaan
Ryhmät* HA-positiivisten kuoppien lkm
Punasolut 1 30 Punasolut + IL-4 (10 Y/ml) 0
Punasolut + 8-MG (0,1 mM) 1
Punasolut + 8-MG (0,3 mM) 1
Punasolut + 8-MG (1,0 mM) 7 *16 kuoppaa/ryhmä 35 Yhdeksän kymmenestä positiivisesta kuopasta saivat myös 8-MG:tä viljelyjakson alussa. Seitsemän kuoppaa, jot- 97392 14 ka saivat korkeimman testatun 8-MG-annoksen, 1 mM, olivat HA-positiivisia, mikä vahvasti viittaa tällä reagenssilla olevan tärkeä osuus antigeenispesifisten vasta-aineiden in vitro -kehittymisen tehostamisessa. lL-4:n ja/tai IL-6:n 5 lisäys viljelmiin tehosti PCA-vastetta yli sen, mitä havaittiin pelkän 8-MG:n kanssa (näkyy kuviossa 5), mutta se ei näyttänyt lisäävän antigeenispesifisten vasta-aineiden esiintyvyyttä yli sen, mitä havaittiin pelkän 8-MG:n kanssa, kun punasoluja käytettiin antigeeninä.
10 Esimerkki 6
Molt-3-HIV-lysaatti antigeeninä
Yhdessä kokeessa Molt-3-HIV-lysaattia lisättiin viljelmiin. Niistä kuopista, jotka saivat 8-MG:tä ja vi-ruslysaattia, viisi kuoppaa 64:stä tuotti vasta-aineita, 15 jotka reagoivat ELISA:ssa Molt-3:n ja Molt-3-HIV-lysaatin kanssa. Kun IL-6:ta lisättiin samaan yhdistelmään in vitro, kahdeksan kuopan 16:sta supernatantit sisälsivät immunisoivalle agenssille spesifisiä vasta-aineita. Tässä antigeenisysteemissä lymfokiinin lisäys vaikutti tehosta-20 van 8-MG:n immunomoduloivaa aktiivisuutta.
Esimerkki 7
Ihmisen PBL:ien kloonaus
Esimerkissä 2 kuvatun mukaisia, EBV-transformoitu-ja, antigeenispesifisiä PBL:iä kloonataan käyttäen ammat-25 timiesten tuntemaa rajalaimennustekniikkaa. Hiiren makro- ' faagisolulinjaa J774 (American Type Culture Collectionin numero ATCC TIB67, J774 A.l, Rockville, Md., USA) käytetään ruokkijasolukerroksena. Myös säteilytettyjä PBL:iä voidaan käyttää ruokkijasoluina joissakin tapauksissa.
Claims (14)
1. Menetelmä antigeenispesifisten ihmisen IgG- ja IgA-tyypin monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden tuotannon vah- 5 vistamiseksi in vitro, tunnettu siitä, että a) hankitaan ihmisen perifeerisen veren lymfosyyttejä (PBL), b) poistetaan T-solut kyseisistä PBL:istä, c) transformoidaan PBL:t, joista T-solut on pois- 10 tettu, transformoivalla agenssilla antigeenin sekä adju- vanttien 8-merkaptoguanosiini ja ainakin toinen interleu-kiini-4:stä ja interleukiini-6:sta ollessa läsnä, d) tunnistetaan antigeenispesifisiä IgG- ja IgA-tyypin vasta-aineita tuottavat solut, ja 15 e) kloonataan kyseiset tunnistetut solut.
2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että adjuvantit ovat 8-merkaptoguanosiini, interleukiini-4 ja interleukiini-6.
3. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, 20 tunnettu siitä, että transformoiva agenssi on Ep-steinin-Barrin virus.
4. Menetelmä antigeenispesifisten ihmisen IgM-tyy-pin monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden tuotannon vahvistamiseksi in vitro, tunnettu siitä, että 25 a) hankitaan ihmisen perifeerisen veren lymfosyyt tejä, b) poistetaan T-solut kyseisistä PBL:istä, c) transformoidaan PBL:t, joista T-solut on poistettu, transformoivalla agenssilla antigeenin sekä adju- 30 vanttien 8-merkaptoguanosiini ja ainakin toinen interleu-- kiini-4:stä ja interleukiini-6:sta ollessa läsnä, d) tunnistetaan antigeenispesifisiä IgM-tyypin vasta-aineita tuottavat solut, ja e) kloonataan kyseiset tunnistetut solut. 97392
5. Patenttivaatimuksen 4 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että adjuvantit ovat 8-merkapto-guanosiini, interleukiini-4 ja interleukiini-6.
6. Patenttivaatimuksen 4 mukainen menetelmä, 5 tunnettu siitä, että transformoiva agenssi on Ep-steinin-Barrin virus.
7. Menetelmä ihmisen immunoglobuliinien tuotannon vahvistamiseksi in vitro, tunnettu siitä, että a) hankitaan ihmisen perifeerisen veren lymfosyytit) tejä, b) poistetaan T-solut kyseisistä PBL:istä, c) transformoidaan PBL:t, joista T-solut on poistettu, transformoivalla agenssilla antigeenin sekä ainakin yhden adjuvanteista 8-merkaptoguanosiini, interleukiini- 15. ja interleukiini-4 ollessa läsnä, ja d) viljellään lymfosyytit.
8. Patenttivaatimuksen 7 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että transformoiva agenssi on Ep-steinin-Barrin virus.
9. Adjuvanttisysteemi antigeenispesifisten immuno globuliinien tuotannon vahvistamiseksi in vitro, johon kuuluu 8-merkaptoguanosiini ja interleukiini-4.
10. Patenttivaatimuksen 9 mukainen adjuvanttisysteemi, johon lisäksi kuuluu interleukiini-6.
11. Patenttivaatimuksen 9 mukainen adjuvanttisys teemi, tunnettu siitä, että interleukiini-6 korvaa interleukiini-4:n.
12. Patenttivaatimuksen 9 mukainen adjuvanttisysteemi, johon sisältyy noin 0,3 - 1,0 mM/ml 8-merkaptogua- 30 nosiinia ja noin 5 - 100 yksikköä/ml interleukiini-4:ä.
13. Patenttivaatimuksen 12 mukainen adjuvanttisysteemi, joka lisäksi sisältää noin 10 - 100 yksikköä/ml interleukiini-6:ta.
14. Tarvikesarja antigeenispesifisten ihmisen im- 35 munonoglobuliinien tuottamiseksi, johon kuuluu 8-merkaptoguanosiini ja ainakin yksi interleukiini, joka voi olla interleukiini-4 tai interleukiini-6. 97392
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US07/514,775 US5229275A (en) | 1990-04-26 | 1990-04-26 | In-vitro method for producing antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies |
US51477590 | 1990-04-26 |
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FI912016A0 FI912016A0 (fi) | 1991-04-25 |
FI912016A FI912016A (fi) | 1991-10-27 |
FI97392B FI97392B (fi) | 1996-08-30 |
FI97392C true FI97392C (fi) | 1996-12-10 |
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FI912016A FI97392C (fi) | 1990-04-26 | 1991-04-25 | In vitro -menetelmä antigeenispesifisten ihmisen monoklonaalisten vasta-aineiden valmistamiseksi |
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GB8419456D0 (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1984-09-05 | Axon Healthcare Ltd | Monoclonal antibodies |
US5011828A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1991-04-30 | Michael Goodman | Immunostimulating guanine derivatives, compositions and methods |
WO1989000607A1 (en) * | 1987-07-09 | 1989-01-26 | The United States Of America, As Represented By Th | Preparation of human monoclonal antibodies of selected specificity and isotypes |
JPS6463374A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-03-09 | Agency Ind Science Techn | Human monoclonal antibody, antibody-forming cell, antibody-forming hybridoma and production of antibody |
US4904584A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1990-02-27 | Genetics Institute, Inc. | Site-specific homogeneous modification of polypeptides |
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- 1991-04-17 ES ES91200912T patent/ES2075327T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-17 AT AT91200912T patent/ATE123311T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-17 EP EP91200912A patent/EP0454225B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-22 ZA ZA912998A patent/ZA912998B/xx unknown
- 1991-04-25 IE IE140291A patent/IE66523B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-25 CA CA002041213A patent/CA2041213A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-25 KR KR1019910006661A patent/KR0151408B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-25 FI FI912016A patent/FI97392C/fi active
- 1991-04-26 AU AU75999/91A patent/AU647112B2/en not_active Ceased
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DE69110084T2 (de) | 1995-10-19 |
KR0151408B1 (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
ZA912998B (en) | 1992-09-30 |
EP0454225B1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
ATE123311T1 (de) | 1995-06-15 |
AU647112B2 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
FI912016A0 (fi) | 1991-04-25 |
EP0454225A1 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
CA2041213A1 (en) | 1991-10-27 |
DE69110084D1 (de) | 1995-07-06 |
IE911402A1 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
US5229275A (en) | 1993-07-20 |
DK0454225T3 (da) | 1995-10-02 |
KR910018543A (ko) | 1991-11-30 |
FI912016A (fi) | 1991-10-27 |
ES2075327T3 (es) | 1995-10-01 |
GR3017162T3 (en) | 1995-11-30 |
FI97392B (fi) | 1996-08-30 |
IE66523B1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
AU7599991A (en) | 1991-11-07 |
JPH0686690A (ja) | 1994-03-29 |
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