JP2016508606A - トリプルネガティブ乳ガンにおける転移を予測及び予防するための方法 - Google Patents
トリプルネガティブ乳ガンにおける転移を予測及び予防するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
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- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/24—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against cytokines, lymphokines or interferons
- C07K16/241—Tumor Necrosis Factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、トリプルネガティブ乳ガンの転移を予測及び予防するための方法に関する。
ガンでは、原発性腫瘍細胞が周囲組織への浸潤能を獲得して、転移と称される新たな腫瘍を形成し得るが、これは依然としてガン関連死亡率(90%)の主な原因である。現在のところ、転移を有効に予防するための治療法は存在しない(Christofori, 2006)。ヒト乳房腫瘍は、病態及び分子プロファイルの両方の点で異種性である。トリプルネガティブ乳ガン(TNBC)は、エストロゲンレセプター及びプロゲステロンレセプター並びにヒト上皮成長因子レセプター−2(HER2)に関する免疫組織化学的染色がネガティブであることによって区別され、全ての乳ガンの15%に相当する。最近の研究では、乳ガンは、その遺伝子発現プロファイルに基づいて、管腔A/B、HER−2、基底様及び正常乳房様腫瘍として分類された(Sotiriou and Pusztai, 2009)。この分析に基づいて、基底様乳ガンは、トリプルネガティブ乳ガンの近縁として判定された(Perou et al., 2000)。トリプルネガティブ(TN)乳房腫瘍は、侵襲性であり、有効な治療処置選択肢がないので、患者の死亡の相当数を占めている。TN腫瘍を有する女性は、内分泌療法からもトラスツズマブ治療(抗HER2mAb)からも利益を得られず、現在のところ、この種のガンに関する好ましい標準化学療法は存在しない(Foulkes et al., 2010)。予後最悪の最も侵襲性のガン種であるTN/基底様乳ガンは、他の悪性細胞と比較して最大の転移程度を示す(Sorlie et al., 2001)。
本発明は、トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている患者における再発及び遠隔転移のリスクを予測するための方法に関する。本発明はまた、それを必要とする患者におけるトリプルネガティブ乳ガンを治療するための方法に関する。
アポトーシス因子であると考えられるCD95Lは、悪性細胞を排除する免疫細胞によって発現される。メタロプロテアーゼによる切断後、このタンパク質は血液中に放出される。ガンでは、多量の血清CD95Lが検出されているが、このサイトカインが病因において役割を果たすか否かは依然として不明である。本発明者らは、トリプルネガティブ乳ガン(TNBC)を有する患者では、血清CD95Lの量が非TNBCと比較して増加しており、再発のリスクに関連していることを示す。CD95Lは、血管を覆う内皮細胞上で発現しており、メタロプロテアーゼによる切断後、TNBC細胞における運動促進c−yes/EGFR/Ca2+/PI3Kシグナル伝達経路を実行することが、乳房腫瘍構造の分析により明らかになる。全体的には、これらの知見により、乳ガンにおけるCD95Lの転移促進的役割が明らかになる。
したがって、本発明の態様は、トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている患者における再発及び遠隔転移のリスクを予測するための方法であって、i)該患者から得られた血液サンプル中の可溶性CD95Lのレベルを決定する工程、ii)工程i)で決定したレベルを所定の基準値と比較する工程、及びiii)工程i)で決定したレベルが該所定の基準値よりも高い場合、該患者が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク増加を示すと結論する工程、又は工程i)で決定したレベルが該所定の基準値よりも低い場合、該患者が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク減少を示すと結論する工程を含む方法に関する。
a)トリプルネガティブ乳ガン患者由来の血液サンプルコレクションを提供する工程;
b)工程a)で提供した各血液サンプルについて、対応するトリプルネガティブ乳ガン患者の実際の臨床転帰に関係する情報(すなわち、再発及び遠隔転移のリスク、無病生存期間(DFS)並びに/又は全生存期間(OS))を提供する工程;
c)一連の任意定量値を提供する工程;
d)工程a)で提供したコレクションに含まれる各血液サンプルの可溶性CD95Lのレベルを決定する工程;
e)工程c)で提供した1つの特定の任意定量値について、前記血液サンプルをそれぞれ2つのグループ((i)前記一連の定量値に含まれる前記任意定量値よりも低レベルな定量値を示す血液サンプルを含む第1のグループ;(ii)前記一連の定量値に含まれる前記任意定量値よりも高レベルな定量値を示す血液サンプルを含む第2のグループ)に分類し、それにより、前記特定の定量値について2つの血液サンプルグループを得、各グループの血液サンプルを別個に計数する工程;
f)(i)工程e)で得られた定量値と、(ii)工程f)で定義した第1のグループ及び第2のグループに含まれる血液サンプルが由来する患者の実際の臨床転帰との間の統計的有意性を計算する工程;
g)工程d)で提供した全ての任意定量値を試験するまで、工程f)及びg)を反復する工程;
h)工程g)において、最高の統計的有意性(最も有意)が計算された任意定量値からなるものとして前記所定の基準値を設定する工程
を含む方法を行うことによって決定され得る。
本発明のさらなる目的は、上記方法を実施するためのキットであって、患者から得られた血液サンプル中の可溶性CD95Lのレベルを測定するための手段を含むキットに関する。
本発明はまた、それを必要とする被験体におけるトリプルネガティブ乳ガンを治療するのに使用するためのCD95アンタゴニストに関する。
材料および方法
倫理に関する記述。ヘルシンキ宣言に概説されている理念にしたがって、全ての臨床試験を行った。書面による同意を各個人から得た後、乳ガンと診断された患者から血液を採取した。本試験は、Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantesの治験審査委員会によって承認された。
血清CD95Lレベルは、TNBCを有する女性における転移を予測する。乳ガン組織では、多量のCD95Lが検出され、病状の進行に関連付けられているが(16)、発ガンにおけるこのリガンドの生物学的役割は依然として不明である。メタロプロテアーゼによる切断後に血清中に放出されたCD95Lには運動促進効果があることを示す本発明者らのデータにしたがって、本発明者らは、乳ガンを有する女性では血清CD95L濃度が増加しており、転移のリスクに関連するのかについて疑問に思った。これに関して、TNBC、非TNBC患者、及び良性乳腺過形成に罹患している女性(健常被験者)の血清中のCD95Lのレベルを定量した。TNBCを有する患者は、非TNBCに罹患している患者(平均で98.94±45.37、n=39対52.79±26.2、n=103、P<0.0001)及び良性乳房疾患を有する被験者(98.94±45.37、n=39対30.04±28.52、n=8、P<0.0001、図1A)と比較して増加した量の血清CD95Lを示した。注目すべきことに、非TNBCに罹患している患者におけるCD95Lの量は、不均一な分布を示した(図1A);しかしながら、再発の発生に基づいてこの患者コホートを再分類したところ、再発患者では、CD95Lレベルが有意に高かった(平均で62.72±31.31、n=35対47.68±21.77、n=68、P=0.0053、図1A)。Kaplan-Meier分析により、80pg/ml以上のCD95L濃度を有するTNBC患者及び非TNBC患者は両方とも、無病生存率の有意な減少(図1B)及び転移発生の増加(図1C)を示したことが示された。120pg/ml以上の血清CD95L濃度を有する患者では、転移に対するこの素因がさらに顕著であった。
次に、メタロプロテアーゼによって切断された可溶性CD95L(cl−CD95L)が乳ガン細胞の遊走を促進する能力を調査した。精製cl−CD95Lを生産するために、本発明者らは、野生型CD95LをコードするcDNAで上皮腎臓細胞293をトランスフェクションした。これらの細胞は、全長CD95Lを含有するエキソソームも分泌したので、上清がコンタミネーションされた。この混入物質を排除するために、超遠心分離工程を上清に行って、分泌小胞をペレット化した(8)。cl−CD95Lは、エキソソームフリーの上清中に残っており、膜貫通リガンド(約40kDa)よりも低分子量(約30kDa)であった(データは示さず(11))。次いで、TNBC乳ガン細胞株(Hs578T、MDA−MB−231及びMDA−MB−468)をcl−CD95Lに曝露し、ボイデンチャンバーを使用して細胞遊走をモニタリングした。cl−CD95Lで刺激した全てのTNBC細胞が、運動の劇的な増加を示した。注目すべきことに、乳ガン患者で測定したものと同等のCD95Lレベルへの曝露は、細胞運動をトリガーするのに十分であった。実際、cl−CD95Lの滴定により、100pg/mlのcl−CD95L(これは、TNBC患者で測定した平均濃度(98.94±45.37pg/ml)に対応する用量である。それに対して、健常ドナーでは30.04±28.52pg/ml)は、TNBC細胞の遊走を誘導したことが示された。
本研究は、乳ガンと診断された女性における高い血清CD95L濃度が予後不良及び遠隔転移の大きなリスクに関連することを強調している。印象的なことに、CD95Lは、乳房腫瘍塊の周囲の血管の内皮細胞によって主に発現されており、リンパ管を覆う内皮細胞では検出されない。腫瘍構造におけるこのCD95L分布は、依然として未知のメタロプロテアーゼによるその切断が、乳房腫瘍細胞の血管内侵入及びガンの遠隔転移を促進するのに必要な濃度勾配を作り出し得ることを示唆している。また、多変量分析では、CD95L濃度(80pg/ml以上又は120pg/ml以上)とリンパ節陽性疾患との間の相関関係は明らかになっておらず、これは、CD95Lが、遠隔転移(血行性)につながる悪性細胞の血管通過を促進し得、CD95L非依存性機構が腫瘍細胞(リンパ行性)の局所的拡散をコントロールすることを裏付けている。
本出願全体を通して、様々な参考文献が、本発明が属する分野の技術水準を説明している。これらの参考文献の開示は、参照により本開示に組み込まれる。
Claims (13)
- トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている患者における再発及び遠隔転移のリスクを予測するための方法であって、i)該患者から得られた血液サンプル中の可溶性CD95Lのレベルを決定する工程、ii)工程i)で決定したレベルを所定の基準値と比較する工程、及びiii)工程i)で決定したレベルが該所定の基準値よりも高い場合、該患者が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク増加を示すと結論する工程、又は工程i)で決定したレベルが該所定の基準値よりも低い場合、該患者が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク減少を示すと結論する工程を含む、方法。
- トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている患者における無病生存を予測するための方法であって、i)該患者から得られた血液サンプル中の可溶性CD95Lのレベルを決定する工程、ii)工程i)で決定したレベルを所定の基準値と比較する工程、及びiii)工程i)で決定したレベルが該所定の基準値よりも高い場合、該患者が予後不良であると結論する工程、又は工程i)で決定したレベルが該所定の基準値よりも低い場合、該患者が予後良好であると結論する工程を含む、方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の方法を実施するためのキットであって、患者から得られた血液サンプル中の可溶性CD95Lのレベルを測定するための手段を含む、キット。
- 可溶性CD95Lのレベルを測定するための前記手段が、可溶性CD95Lと特異的に相互作用する抗体である、請求項3に記載のキット。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるトリプルネガティブ乳ガンを治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のCD95アンタゴニストを該被験体に投与することを含む、方法。
- トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている被験体における転移を予防するための方法であって、治療有効量のCD95アンタゴニストを該被験体に投与することを含む、方法。
- トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている被験体における転移を予防する方法であって、i)請求項1に記載の方法を実施することによって、再発及び遠隔転移のリスクを予測すること、並びにii)工程i)において、該被験体が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク増加を示すと結論した場合、治療有効量のCD95アンタゴニストを該被験体に投与することからなる工程を含む、方法。
- CD95アンタゴニストが、抗可溶性CD95L抗体及び抗CD95抗体からなる群より選択される、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗CD95抗体が、CD95(配列番号1)の43位のアミノ酸と66位のアミノ酸との間で区切られた領域に結合する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- CD95アンタゴニストが、CD95レセプターの細胞外ドメインと、IgG抗体のFcドメインとからなる完全ヒト融合タンパク質である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- CD95アンタゴニストが、CD95発現阻害剤又はCD95L発現阻害剤である、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている被験体における転移を予防する方法であって、i)本発明の方法によって、再発及び遠隔転移のリスクを予測すること、並びにii)工程i)において、該被験体が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク増加を示す(すなわち、可溶性CD95Lのレベルが所定の基準値よりも高い)と結論した場合、治療有効量のEGFRアンタゴニストを該被験体に投与することからなる工程を含む、方法。
- トリプルネガティブ乳ガンを患っている被験体における転移を予防する方法であって、i)請求項1に記載の方法を実施することによって、再発及び遠隔転移のリスクを予測すること、並びにii)工程i)において、該被験体が再発及び遠隔転移のリスク増加を示すと結論した場合、治療有効量のPI3K阻害剤を該被験体に投与することからなる工程を含む、方法。
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WO2014118317A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
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