CN1558001A - 基片支架 - Google Patents
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Abstract
为了在加热步骤中且特别是在外延方法中在基片(2)的整个表面上获得尽量均匀的温度,基片支架(1)形成有温度补偿结构,基片(2)位于该基片支架上。在沉积半导体材料过程中,该基片支架上的均匀温度分布减小了沉积的半导体材料的发射波长,该温度补偿结构在该基片支架(1)上形成适当的温度均匀性,它使基片(2)的温度分布变均匀。例如具有冷却功能的导槽(4)和一个支撑阶梯(5)整体形成在基片支架(1)的边缘区里,该阶梯在该基片(2)和基片支架(1)之间构成一个缝隙(8)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种特别是用于将半导体材料外延沉积在基片上的装置的基片支架,该基片支架有一个基片安放面,一个与该安放面相反的保持背面,本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求26前序部分的用于半导体材料沉积的装置。
背景技术
本专利申请要求德国专利申请10261362.1-43的优先权,为此,引用纳入这篇德国专利申请的公开内容。
这种基片支架被放置在金属有机气相沉积装置(MOVPE)内,为了沉积氮化合物,石墨构成的基片支架具有SiC涂层,该基片放置在SiC涂层上。
这一类基片支架的缺陷是,在沉积中,在升高温度时在基片表面出现温度不均匀,半导体材料沉积在这些基片表面,辐射半导体材料的发射波长主要取决于与基片表面温度相同的沉积温度,例如,GaN基材料(特别是GaInN)的发射波长与温度密切相关。在这里,沉积一般700℃到800℃之间发生。为确保沉积的半导体材料有尽可能窄的发射波长分布(以及元件具有较小的发射波长变化),必须在基片表面上获得尽可能均匀的温度分布,例如对GaInN沉积来讲,希望有小于5℃温差的温度分布。另外,ALInGaN的沉积对温度敏感,其中,超过1℃的温差可能导致ALInGaN元件发射波长有很大变化。
除基片支架表面温度分布之外,不仅该基片材料,而且其平整度、导热率和应力对该基片表面温度起到重要作用。在蓝宝石基片上的外延生长与在SiC基片上的外延生长有着本质的不同,其中,形成明显不同的基片表面温度分布和不同的沉积半导体材料的波长分布范围,SiC基片表面的温度分布明显与蓝宝石基片的不同,这导致沉积半导体材料彼此间截然不同的波长范围。
大多数半导体制造商用蓝宝石作为ALInGaN材料系的生长基片,因此,多数设备制造商设计用于蓝宝石基片的基片支架,由此不产生上述问题。至今还未公开特别使基片表面温度均匀以及沉积半导体材料发射波长均匀的措施。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基片支架以及一种装置,它们只允许以一个尽量窄的发射波长分布来沉积半导体材料。
本发明的目的由具有权利要求1特征的基片支架以及具有权利要求26特征的装置实现。有利的改进方案由从属权利要求中得到。
本发明建议使用一个具有温度补偿结构的基片支架,它在基片支架上的整个基片表面上形成一个所谓的温度分布,特别是最大范围地均衡温度,或者,本发明建议一种用于外延沉积半导体材料的装置,它包括这样的基片支架。
上述类型的温度补偿结构在基片支架表面形成明确的温度不均匀,这又平均了在基片支架表面上的温度分布。在基片支架上,在基片的较热位置上布置一个能对该位置进行适当冷却的温度补偿结构。而在较冷的位置上,在基片支架中安置一个对基片加强传热的温度补偿结构,这样一来,基片表面温度的不均匀性得以平衡。
基片可以借助对流、热辐射和/或传热被加热,典型地可以使用电阻加热或感应加热。在电阻加热时,基片支架直接借助一个诸如加热丝(即加热体)被加热。在感应加热时,导电的基片支架通过在该基片支架上感应产生的电流被加热。在这里,该基片支架同时是加热体。在这两种情况下,在直接安放基片时,大部分热量从基片支架中借助热传导被传递给基片。为了在这样的实施形式中获得尽可能均匀的温度分布,必须尽量在基片的整个底面范围内确保在基片和基片支架之间的良好接触。
另一个有利的实施例规定,基片如此放置在基片支架上,即在基片和基片支架之间形成一个缝隙,该缝隙的大小被选择成使热传递主要通过热辐射完成并且热传导可以被忽略。这样,该基片主要借助热辐射和对流被加热。在这种情况下,为了均匀加热,需要尽量在整个基片范围内使基片和基片支架之间距离不变。由于基片在加热中会弯曲,因此,基片可能与基片支架直接接触,这样,通过直接热传导在基片上形成一个较热的位置。为避免这种接触,基片和基片支架之间的缝隙被选择为大于基片的预计弯曲程度。最好该缝隙借助一个基片支撑结构(例如支撑环)来制造。
通常,该基片放在基片支架的一个凹陷中,该基片的边缘区域由此从下方和从侧面被加热并因而比基片中部热。为了调整这个边缘区域的过热,最好能在基片支架的基片安放面或背面上整体构成一个环形导槽。如果基片支架和热源通过一个缝隙隔开,则最好在基片支架背面上有一导槽。在基片支架背面的导槽的作用是,基片支架直接在该导槽上边并由此使导槽围绕的基片支架区域比基片支架的剩余区域冷。由于热源和基片支架的安放面之间的热传递大部分由热传导完成,这取决于到该热源的距离,并且由于该导槽确定的基片支架和热源之间的距离大于在其它位置上。在该基片支架上形成一个较冷的区域。该缝隙的大小被选择成使该传递的大部分由热传导实现,热辐射基本可忽略不计。在基片支架上的基片直接支撑在基片支架上,或在一个例如支撑环上支撑在该基片支架上面。此外,基片(在基片和基片支架之间有或没有缝隙)被设置成完全或部分覆盖该区域或布置在该区域旁边。
相反,当热源直该接与该基片支架接触或该基片支架自身是热源时,在该基片支撑架的安放面上有一个环形导槽。在这种实施形式中,基片至少部分放置在该导槽的上面。为了避免该半导体材料沉积在基片底面上,最好导槽完全被覆盖。在基片底面上的半导体材料给半导体元件的继续加工带来麻烦。基片还可以覆盖在边缘和导槽之间的基片支架区域。上述布置结构还可以与在基片和基片支架之间的缝隙结合。
在另一有利的实施例中,基片支架的基片安放面配备有多个导槽,这些导槽的相互间距和/或深度适应于基片支架的温度分布,这意味着,在温度较高区域内的导槽之间距离小于在温度较低区域中的情况。类似地,导槽深度可这样设置,即温度较高区域的导槽比温度较低区域中的深。
基片支架最好在基片安放面或支架背面上有一个由三维图形构成的纹路结构,这样的纹路结构是细微的平行凹槽形成的刻痕。交叉刻痕以及其它的例如也包括坑的图形是适用的。在温度较高区域内的图形比在温度较低区域中的布置得稠密,在这种情况下,较密集的图形相当于这样的图形,即图形元素(即凹槽和/或坑)紧密排列并且或许有较小的结构。
基片支架的基片安放面最好有多个环绕的阶梯,从而构成一个连续的分级(即连续分级的凹凸)。当基片和基片支架之间有足够小的缝隙时,这个实施形式最好与主要通过热传导来加热基片结合起来。阶梯的深度适应于温度分布,从而使较深的阶梯处于基片的高温区域的下面并且较低的阶梯设置在基片的低温区域处。
另一个实施例具有一个在基片支架的基片安放面上的掏空,该基片至少部分地设置于掏空之中或之上。由于较低基片的底面很少遇到半导体材料沉积,所以,这个实施形式非常有利地与基片支撑结构相关联。
最好基片支架的表面粗糙度和平整度处于与基片相同的数量级里。
基片支架最好是用SiC材料制造,而不是传统的涂SiC的石墨。这导致基片支架的导热系数的改善并由此得到均匀的温度、耐受涂层和石墨之间热应力脱落的更长的基片支架使用寿命以及简化的基片支架(化学的或机械的)清洁。纯SiC材料制造的基片支架可以进一步加工和/或成形(例如用激光加工)。
两个或多个上述实施例的结合是可以想到的。
附图说明
下面通过实施例结合附图1至9详细说明。
图1A、1B分别是本发明基片支架的第一实施例的剖视简图和平面简图,
图2A-2D分别是本发明基片支架的第一实施例不同变换的剖视简图,
图3是本发明基片支架的第二实施例的平面简图,
图4A-4E分别是本发明基片支架的第二实施例不同变换的剖视简图,
图5是本发明基片支架的第三实施例的平面简图,
图6A、6B和6C分别是本发明基片支架的第四实施例的剖视简图和平面简图,
图7A、7B分别是本发明基片支架的第五实施例的剖视简图和平面简图,
图8A、8B是本发明基片支架的第六实施例的剖视简图,以及
图9是本发明基片支架的第七实施例的平面简图。
具体实施方式
在附图中,相同或相似的部件用相同的标记。为了更好地理解,该附图没有按比例绘制。
图1A、1B所示的基片支架1在基片支架底面上环绕边缘地具有一个导槽4,基片1例如用SiC材料制造并有约7毫米的厚度,该导槽4还可以设置在基片支架的上表面上。该导槽具有例如3.5毫米的深度和约2.5毫米的宽度,该宽度还可以到该基片支架的半径的80%,该导槽的横截面成四边形。根据温度剖面的不同,导槽4的大小和横截面是可变的,以便在基片支架1上得到尽可能均匀的温度分布。基片2放置在基片支架1上,半导体材料被沉积于该基片上。在基片支架的下面,设有一个加热基片支架1的热源11(在图1A、1B里没有绘出,而在图2A-2D中绘出了)。
为了通过辐射实现基片支架1的加热,热源11最好通过缝隙12与基片支架1隔开,在导槽4上边的基片支架部分由于离辐射源(即该热源11)较远而比基片支架的其它部分更少地被加热。导槽4环绕分布于该基片支架4的边缘上(见图1B)。在该实施例中,基片2在该区域旁直接放置在该基片支架1上,该区域在该导槽4的上边。
图2A-2D表示基片2、基片支架1和导槽4的其它可行的布置形式。图2A、2B表示直接放置在基片支架1上的基片,一次是部分覆盖导槽4的上边(见图2A),一次是覆盖导槽4和导槽4与边缘之间区域的上边(见图2B)。图2C、2D表示由一个缝隙8与基片支架1隔开的基片2,该缝隙8借助例如一个支撑结构(未绘出)形成。在图2C中,该导槽上边的区域没有被该基片2覆盖,在图2D中,该区域以及在导槽4和该边缘之间的部分区域被该基片覆盖。
在第二实施例中,图1、2所示的导槽4设置在该基片支架1边缘的上表面(见图3)上,由于基片2的较热边缘区域可以布置在导槽4的上边,这样的结构更好地通过热传导(即接触加热或感应加热)被加热,基片2的边缘区域不会象与该基片支架直接接触的基片2的部分那样被强烈加热。最好图3所示的基片2完全覆盖导槽4,从而在该基片2和基片支架1之间形成一个封闭的且如填充有气体的缝隙。
基片2还可以部分覆盖导槽4,或者至少部分覆盖在在导槽4和该边缘之间的基片支架表面(见图4A-4C)。最好导槽4被完全覆盖,从而在半导体材料沉积时没有半导体材料沉积在基片2底面上。该基片还可以由一个缝隙8与该基片支架1隔开(见图4D和图4E),该缝隙8借助一个支撑结构(未示出)构成,当该基片2的边缘区域放置一个边缘支撑结构时,由于缝隙8被该封闭,基片2的底面被受到保护而不会沉积上半导体材料。
图5表示第三实施例。基片支架1在底面和上表面上具有由多个导槽4构成的结构。在这里,导槽4有25微米的宽度和100微米的深度,它们例如成环形并同心布置,因而,在基片支架1的边缘区内的槽4之间距离小于在基片指甲1中间区内的情况,这是因为,边缘的温度经常比中间区的高。导槽4之间的准确距离(即该导槽的密度)适应于基片支架1以及该基片2的温度分布。该基片温度与基片平均温度相差越大,导槽4布置得越密。为了在该基片上形成尽可能连续的温度分布,这种结构需要非常细微。基片支架1例如用SiC材料制成,基片支架1还可以用表面涂有SiC的石墨制成,但SiC涂层的厚度最好大于导槽4深度。还可想到的是,这种结构布置在该基片支架的底面上。
图6A、6B所示的基片支架1在边缘区域表面具有一个支撑结构,例如一个环形阶梯5,它以掏空的形式设置在基片支架的安放面上。由于边缘放置,所以,在基片支架1和基片2之间出现一个所谓的缝隙8,缝隙8必须至少大到在辐射加热时不考虑基片的弯曲(取向生长之前和之时)。
该支撑阶梯例如1毫米宽并位于该掏空底部上方0.5毫米,就是说,在这种情况下,缝隙8具有0.5毫米厚度。该掏空最好比该支撑阶梯深(即在该实施例中比0.5毫米深),使得位于该支撑阶梯上的该基片2的下表面至少比该基片支架1边缘区域深(见图6A)。
图6C表示一个在一掏空中具有一个支撑阶梯的基片支架1,其中,虽然基片2位于比基片支架1深的位置,但基片上表面可以突出在该基片支架1的边缘区域之上。在这个实施例中,构成一个如图1所示的导槽4,但不是必需的。其它支撑结构也是可以想到的。
在图7A、7B和7C中给出了上述实施例的一个变型方式。在这里,成带有切口7的挡块形式的支座6用于保持基片2,它有至少一个平行于该基片支架上表面的基片安放面9。该基片2位于该支座6的切口7中的基片安放面9上,在基片2和基片支架1之间形成一缝隙8。切口7可以适应于基片边缘的形状,一个切口7可以约1.5毫米宽(即该支座直径的一半)和约1毫米深。该支座比该基片支架的上表面突出约3毫米。从该基片支架1到该基片2的热转递主要通过热辐射实现,缝隙8的厚度大于该基片由热应力引起的弯曲。
图8A、8B表示另一实施例的两个变型方式,其中,该基片支架的基片安放面有多个环形同心的阶梯10。在图gA中,该基片2在该基片支架1的边缘区域里安置在一个支撑阶梯5上并在中间区域里安置在该基片支架表面上,在该基片支架和该基片之间的未放置基片的区域中有一个环形缝隙8,通过形成小缝隙,热传递主要通过经过该缝隙的热传导、在该基片2中间区域和支撑阶梯的接触导热来实现。该基片2当然可以自由地放置在该支撑阶梯5上,该基片2不与中间的基片支架上表面接触(见图8B)。在这种情况下,形成一个连续的不同阶梯深度的圆环形缝隙8。
各个阶梯10的深度取决于该基片支架1的温度分布,从而形成尽量均匀的温度分布。基片支架1的边缘比基片支架1中间区域的温度高,基片2和基片支架1之间距离较大,由此传递较少热量。与此相反,在该基片支架中间区域里的温度通常较低,因此,基片与基片支架的中间区接触或相邻近。
在图9中示出另一实施例的局部,其中,该基片支架的上表面具有纹路构造。在这里,该纹路例如由凹槽构成,凹槽图形构成刻痕。在温度较高的基片2区域中,在基片支架1的相应区域里的凹槽之间距离比在温度较低区域内的小(就是说图形更密)。基片2的边缘区域具有较高的温度,图9所示的基片支架1具有比在中间区更密的图形。该凹槽的深度也可以适应于基片2的温度分布,其做法是,较深的凹槽位于该基片支架1的在基片2较热区域对面的区域里。相反,较浅或较小的凹槽布置在位于基片2较冷区域对面的区域中。这种纹路还可以包括坑或其它图案。
本发明的保护范围不是通过结合实施例对本发明的描述来限定,而是本发明包括尤其在权利要求书的每个特征组合里包含的、每个新的特征以及每个特征组合,即便这样的组合在权利要求书中没有给出。
Claims (26)
1、一种特别是用于在一个基片(2)上外延沉积半导体材料(3)的装置的基片支架(1),该基片支架有一个基片安放面和一个与该基片安放面相对的保持背面,其特征在于,该基片支架(1)具有一个温度补偿结构,它在一个包含加热或冷却的过程中在一个位于该基片支架(1)之上或该基片支架附近的基片(2)的整个表面上产生一个规定的温度分布。
2、根据权利要求1的基片支架,其特征在于,该温度补偿结构在整个基片表面上形成尽量均匀的温度。
3、根据权利要求1或2的基片支架,其特征在于,该温度补偿结构是一个或多个在该基片安放面和/或在支架背面上的三维结构。
4、根据权利要求3的基片支架,其特征在于,该温度补偿结构由至少一个在边缘附近延伸的导槽(4)构成。
5、根据权利要求4的基片支架,其特征在于,该导槽(4)的宽度最大等于该基片支架的半径的80%,该导槽(4)的深度小于该基片支架(1)或在该基片支架上的涂层的厚度。
6、根据权利要求4或5的基片支架,其特征在于,所述导槽(4)是环形的且同心布置。
7、根据权利要求4-6之一的基片支架,其特征在于,在上述过程之中或之后且尤其是在半导体材料生长过程中有有较高温度的区域中的导槽(4)之间距离小于具有温度较低区域内的导槽之间距离。
8、根据权利要求4-7之一的基片支架,其特征在于,在半导体材料生长过程中有较高温度的区域中的导槽(4)的深度大于具有在温度较低区域中的导槽深度。
9、根据权利要求4-8之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该导槽(4)横截面成四边形、圆形、椭圆形或这些形状之一的一部分。
10、根据上述权利要求之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该温度补偿结构包括纹路构造。
11、根据权利要求10的基片支架,其特征在于,该纹路构造包括多个凹陷和/或坑,其彼此之间距离适应于该基片支架(1)的温度分布,在半导体材料生长过程中有较高温度的区域中的凹槽和/或坑之间的距离小于在温度较低区域中的情况。
12、根据权利要求10或11的基片支架,其特征在于,该纹路构造包括多个凹陷和/或坑,其深度适应于该基片支架(1)的温度分布,在半导体材料生长过程中有较高温度的区域中的凹槽和/或坑比在温度较低区域中的深。
13、根据权利要求10-12之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该纹路构造是
—至少部分交叉的凹槽,
—至少部分彼此平行布置的凹槽,
—至少部分弯曲的凹槽,
—坑,它们成点状、圆形的或方形,
—坑,它们具有点状、圆形和/或方形的组合,或者
—凹槽和/或坑,它们具有至少两个上述形状的组合。
14、根据上述权利要求之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该温度补偿结构包括多个不一样深的环形阶梯。
15、根据权利要求14的基片支架,其特征在于,该阶梯同心地居中布置。
16、根据权利要求14或15的基片支架,其特征在于,该阶梯构成的上表面具有连续阶梯变化的形状。
17、根据权利要求14-16之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该阶梯的深度适应于该基片支架(1)的温度分布,在半导体材料生长过程中有较高温度的区域中的阶梯比在温度较低区域中的阶梯深。
18、根据权利要求1-17之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片安放面具有一个基片支撑结构,借助它并在放置基片的情况下,在该基片(2)和该基片支架(1)之间形成一个缝隙(8)。
19、根据权利要求18的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片支撑结构如此构成,即该基片(2)的边缘或边缘区域放置于其上,并且该基片(2)的剩余部分不与该基片支架(1)接触。
20、根据权利要求18或19的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片支撑结构是一个环绕该基片的阶梯。
21、根据权利要求18-20之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片支撑结构具有至少一个保持该基片(2)的基片挡块,它在基片支架的上表面上有一个基片支撑面(9)。
22、根据权利要求21的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片挡块由一个有切口(7)的支座(6)或半球构成,它具有至少一个平行于该基片支架的上表面的基片安放面(9)。
23、根据上述权利要求之一的基片支架,其特征在于,在该基片支架(1)的基片安放面上形成一个掏空,该掏空的大小至少足以使该基片(2)至少部分地平行于该基片支架(1)的安放面布置在该掏空中。
24、根据上述权利要求之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片支架的上表面具有小于10微米的粗糙度。
25、根据上述权利要求之一的基片支架,其特征在于,该基片支架(1)具有至少一个被打磨和/或抛光的上表面。
26、一种用于在一个基片(2)上外延沉积半导体材料(3)的装置,它有至少一个反应器、一个气体混合系统和一个排气系统,其中,该气体反应器具有至少一个基片支架(1)、一个该基片支架(1)的支座和一个加热机构,其特征在于,该基片支架(1)是按照上述权利要求之一构成的。
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DE10261362A1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
CN1311107C (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
US20040187790A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
DE10261362B4 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
DE10261362B8 (de) | 2008-08-28 |
TWI292443B (en) | 2008-01-11 |
US20080276869A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
TW200416309A (en) | 2004-09-01 |
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