CN1452743A - 利用pc或无需pc即可读取几类闪速存储卡的闪速设备 - Google Patents

利用pc或无需pc即可读取几类闪速存储卡的闪速设备 Download PDF

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CN1452743A
CN1452743A CN01815216A CN01815216A CN1452743A CN 1452743 A CN1452743 A CN 1452743A CN 01815216 A CN01815216 A CN 01815216A CN 01815216 A CN01815216 A CN 01815216A CN 1452743 A CN1452743 A CN 1452743A
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L·L·琼斯
S·曼巴凯姆
V·阿罗基亚斯瓦米
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Abstract

闪存卡读取器读取和写入多种类型的紧致闪速卡(16、18、24、28、26)，包括紧致闪速卡(16)、较小的智能媒体卡(24)、多媒体卡(28)、安全数字卡(26)、以及存储棒(18)。转换器芯片(40)转换不同卡的信号以将其传输到个人计算机(PC)(20)。以串行数据接口对较小样式的卡执行串行到并行的数据转换，但并不对紧致闪速卡执行串行到并行的数据转换。紧致闪速卡(16)或无源适配器(30、34、32)的单个插槽(22)具有50个管脚的连接器。无源适配器具有紧致闪速卡(16、28、24、18)样式因素以及一个装配较小闪速卡(30、34、32)的较小连接器。无源适配器不具有组件，而仅仅将较小连接器接至紧致闪速连接器(62、64、66、68)。管脚映射使得通过感测紧致闪速接口的LSB地址管脚即能检测卡的类型。较大的紧致闪速读取器(42)为每种类型的卡提供了多个插槽(44)。读取器(42)通过电缆(46)与PC相连，或者在PC机架内位于驱动器支架中。独立的读取器(42)将图像从闪存卡(16)拷贝到可换磁盘媒体。按下按钮开始图形传输。

Description

利用PC或无需PC即可读取几类闪速存储卡的闪速设备
发明领域
本发明涉及闪存读取器，尤其涉及与个人计算机相接口的几种不同类型的闪存卡。
发明背景
数字照相机已成为最流行的电子设备之一。近几年来，数字照相机的销售量多于传统的胶片摄影机。可从数字照相机下载图像并存储在个人计算机中。数字图像可转换成诸如JPEG之类的通用格式，并作为电子邮件附件或置入虚拟照相薄而在因特网上发送。根据数字照相机的种类，可捕获视频图像和静止的图像。
通常数字照相机以电子方式捕获图像并将图像以位(1或0)的形式存储在固态存储器中。闪存(flash memory)是数字照相机最普通的存储器。闪存包含一个或多个集成在电路芯片上的电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)，该存储器可读、可写、并且可块擦除。
早期的数字照相机需要用户对数字照相机内的闪存中的图像进行下载并将其传送到个人计算机(PC)中。最广泛地使用标准的串行电缆。然而，串行电缆的有限传输率以及数字图像的大尺寸使得这种串行下载成为一种培养耐心的经历。
数字照相机制造商通过将闪存芯片(flash memory chip)配置在较小的可拆卸卡中来解决该问题。因此闪存卡(flash memory card)可从数字照相机中卸下，非常类似于胶片从标准照相机中卸下。然后可将闪存卡插入到PC的适当插槽中，并且可将图像文件直接拷贝到PC中。
图1A给出了一闪存卡以及用于将图像从数字照相机传送到PC的适配器。用户利用数字照相机14来拍摄照片，这些照片存储在闪存芯片的图像文件中。闪存芯片包含在紧致闪速卡(CompactFlash)16中，通过按压卡弹出按钮即可将紧致闪速卡16从数字照相机14中卸下。因此紧致闪速卡16包含图像文件。
尽管一些较小的手持计算机或个人数字助理(PDA)具有接纳紧致闪速卡的插槽，然而大多数PC不具有这样的插槽。膝上PC或称笔记本PC具有可接纳PCMCIA卡的PC卡(早期所说的PCMCIA，即个人计算机存储卡国际协会)插槽。PCMCIA卡上配置了很多功能，例如调制解调器、以太网、闪存、加密密钥、甚至微型硬盘。
CF至PCMCIA的适配器10是一个无源适配器，该适配器包含一个可接纳紧致闪速卡16的开口。图1B给出了CF至PCMCIA适配器10，其中插入了紧致闪速卡16。这种CF至PCMCIA的适配器10仅仅售价$5～10。紧致闪速(CompactFlash)是美国加利福亚州Sunnyvale的SanDisk公司的注册商标。
图1C给出了与一PCMCIA读取器相连的PC。大多数膝上PC或笔记本PC具有一个或多个可装配CF至PCMCIA适配器10的PCMCIA插槽22。因此用户只须将紧致闪速卡16中的图像文件拷贝到PC20的硬盘中。由于使用了高速并行总线，因此可快速进行传输，与存取硬盘的速度大致相同。因而利用$5的CF至PCMCIA的适配器即可将半小时的串行电缆传输减少为不到一分钟。
台式PC通常不具有PCMCIA插槽。因此可使用PCMCIA读取器12。PCMCIA读取器12存取CF至PCMCIA的适配器10，并通过并行或高速通用串行总线(USB)电缆而与PC20相连。多种闪速卡样式
尽管紧致闪速卡样式相对很小，其远远小于一平方英寸，但是近来出现了其它更小的卡。图2A给出了与数字照相机一起使用的各种样式的紧致闪速卡。许多数字照相机仍然使用紧致闪速卡16，该闪速卡16可插入到CF至PCMCIA的适配器10中以对PC进行传输。已经出现了其它更小、更薄的样式并已用于某些厂商的数字照相机中。例如，智能媒体(SmartMedia)卡24长度小于半英寸，然而具有足以用于数十个图像的闪存容量。在市场上，可用约$60买到智能媒体至PCMCIA适配器10′。由于适配器10′内有转换器芯片，故认为其成本较高。同时，需要不同的适配器10′以用于具有不同存储容量的智能媒体卡24。智能媒体(SmartMedia)是日本东京SSFDC Forum的注册商标。
由不同厂商所倡导的另一类闪存包括多媒体卡(MulTiMediaCard，MMC)28和相关的安全数字卡(SD)26。MMC是美国加利福亚州Sunnyvale的SanDisk公司的注册商标，同时SD受SD集团的控制，该集团包括松下电气工业公司、SanDisk公司，东芝公司。由SONY所推出的另一种样式是存储棒(Memory Stick)18。存储棒具有PCMCIA/软盘适配器，同时MMC具有一软盘适配器。
卡24、26、28以及存储棒18的不同物理结构和管脚排列妨碍了它们在CF至PCMCIA适配器10中的应用。实际上，大多数卡24、26、28所拥有的管脚少于12个，然而紧致闪速卡16具有多于50个管脚的接口。另外，在较小的卡24、26、28中使用串行数据接口，然而紧致闪速卡16使用并行数据总线。
图2B给出了存储棒至PCMCIA适配器，其利用一有源转换器芯片的。存储棒18装配到存储棒至PCMCIA适配器15的开口中，以使适配器15和存储棒插入到PC上的标准PCMCIA插槽中。然而，适配器15在其内具有一集成电路(IC)转换器芯片11。转换器芯片11可能需要将存储棒18的串行数据格式转换成68管脚的PCMCIA插槽的并行数据格式。相比于CF至PCMCIA适配器10——其为不具有转换器芯片的有源适配器，将转换器芯片包含在适配器15中显著增大了适配器15的成本以及其复杂性。
尽管在闪存卡技术上的改进是非常有用的，但是许多不同卡的样式使对PC接口阵列的要求产生混乱。每一个卡样式都需要不同的适配器。PCMCIA卡读取器12可由诸如智能媒体卡之类的其它样式的读取器代替，并且甚至一些多标准的读取器也是可用的，例如出自LexarMedia的通用读取器除了可读取PCMCIA之外还可读取紧致闪速或智能媒体。
我们所需要的是用于几种不同样式的闪存卡的通用读取器。可接纳智能媒体卡、多媒体卡、安全数字卡以及存储棒卡的适配器是我们所希望的。具有一个插槽且可利用适配器来接纳任意一种样式的卡的闪速卡读取器是我们所希望的。需要在闪速读取器上有特殊的检测逻辑以在许多样式的闪速卡之间加以区分。不需要昂贵转换器芯片的低成本无源适配器是我们所希望的。用于PC的多样式读取器是我们所希望的。无需PC即可对闪速卡的图像文件进行拷贝的单独闪速读取器也是我们所希望的。
发明概要
单插槽多闪速卡读取器具有个人计算机接口以将数据传输到个人计算机。一转换器装置与该个人计算机接口相耦合。它将多种闪速卡接口转换成能被个人计算机接口所使用的样式。所述多种闪速卡接口包括一紧致闪速接口以及具有比紧致闪速卡更少管脚的较小接口。
紧致闪速连接器与所述转换装置相耦合。它通过多闪速卡读取器中的单个插槽来接纳紧致闪速卡。该紧致闪速连接器与紧致闪速卡电子连接以用于紧致闪速接口的信号。
适配器具有可拆卸地插入到紧致闪速连接器的物理形状。该适配器具有一个相匹配的紧致闪速连接器，该连接器与所述紧致闪速连接器相配合。适配器还具有一个较小的连接器。该较小的连接器装配到具有较小接口的其它闪存卡上。
在适配器中，一接线装置连接在上述较小的连接器与相匹配的紧致闪速连接器之间。它直接将来自较小接口中的较小连接器的信号与相匹配的紧致闪速连接器中的信号连接在一起。因此适配器通过单个插槽而使具有较小接口的其它闪存卡得以装配在紧致闪速连接器上，以便由所述转换装置读取。
另外所述接线装置将来自所有较小接口的卡选择信号连接在紧致闪速连接器中的卡选择信号上。所述转换器装置包括一个用于检测卡选择信号的卡检测装置。它可检测插入到紧致闪速连接器中的闪存卡的存在。因此所述转换器装置可检测闪存卡以及具有较小接口的其它闪存卡的存在。
附图简要说明
图1A给出了一闪存卡以及用于将图像从数字照相机传输到PC的适配器；
图1B给出了具有已插入的紧致闪速卡16的CF至PCMCIA适配器10；
图1C给出了与PCMCIA读取器相连的PC；
图2A给出了用于数字照相机的各种样式的闪存卡；
图2B给出了利用有源转换器芯片的存储棒至PCMCIA适配器；
图3A给出了可接纳智能媒体闪存卡、多媒体闪存卡、安全数字闪存卡以及存储棒闪存卡的通用的紧致闪速适配器；
图3B给出了一紧致闪速读取器，该读取器可通过无源适配器、对应于紧致闪速样式的因素来读取多媒体闪存卡、安全数字闪存卡以及存储棒闪存卡。
图4A～E给出了利用紧致闪速读取器接口的A1、A0管脚对卡的类型进行检测。
图5是对于紧致闪速适配器的智能媒体、MMC/SD、以及存储棒的管脚图表。
图6是一个多插槽的闪速卡读取器实施例的示意图。
图7给出了PC内的闪存读取器。
图8给出了一个PC机架，该机架具有位于一个驱动器支架内的闪速卡读取器。
图9给出了一个独立的闪速设备(FlashToaster)，该闪速设备接纳几种样式的闪存卡，并可将图像拷贝到可换磁盘而无需连接到主机PC上。
图10给出了闪存读取器的转换器芯片的方框图。
详细说明
本发明涉及对闪存读取器的改进。下面所做的说明可使本领域普通技术人员根据特定应用环境及其要求而实现并利用本发明。本领域普通技术人员显然可对优选实施例作出各种修改，并且这里所定义的一般原理适用于其它实施例。因此，本发明并不局限于所展示和描述的特定实施例，而是最大范围地与这里所公开的原理和新颖特性一致。
本发明实现了一种通用适配器，其可利用紧致闪速卡的样式因素来构造。读取紧致闪速卡的读取器因此而可读取插入到该紧致闪速适配器中的其它任意一种闪存卡。所述适配器是简单且便宜的无源适配器，没有转换器芯片。
发明人发现使较小闪速卡样式与紧致闪速的管脚一一对应易于对已插入到适配器中的闪存卡的类型进行检测。因此可通过由紧致闪速读取器所进行的电检测来自动执行对闪存卡类型的检测。对紧致闪速读取器进行改变以对卡的类型进行检测。诸如由串行到并行之类的信号转换是由紧致闪速读取器执行的，而不是由适配器执行的。适配器的成本降低了，然而紧致闪速读取器的成本只是略微地增加了。紧致闪速读取器可利用单个紧致闪速插槽来读取多种闪速卡的类型，包括智能媒体卡、安全数字卡、存储棒卡以及紧致闪速卡。
在另一实施例中，紧致闪速读取器稍微大一些并具有多个插槽。在该实施例中不需适配器。相反，为每一个样式的闪存卡——智能媒体卡、安全数字卡、存储棒卡以及紧致闪速卡等等都提供了一个插槽。同时也增加了一个PCMCIA。该紧致闪速读取器可通过USB电缆与PC相连，或者它可位于PC机架内。
在第三个实施例中，紧致闪速读取器是一个无需PC即可操作的独立设备。该设备包括诸如R/W CD-ROM之类的可换磁盘介质。通过紧致闪速读取器将来自闪存卡的图像拷贝到该可换磁盘介质。该设备还使用了一个简单的界面，例如让用户按下一按钮而开始图像的传输。通用的无源适配器——图3A～B
图3A给出了一个可接纳智能媒体闪存卡、多媒体闪存卡、安全数字闪存卡以及存储棒闪存卡的通用紧致闪速适配器。数字照相机14将图像存储在闪存中，该存储器是几种类型的卡中的一种。紧致闪速卡16使用50个管脚的连接器并且按照16位并行格式来传输图像数据。
智能媒体卡24是具有22个管脚接口的较小闪存卡，并且按照8位并行的格式来传输数据。智能媒体适配器30对22个管脚的智能媒体接口进行转换，以使其装配在50个插头的紧致闪速接口内。当智能媒体卡24插入到智能媒体适配器30中时，两者均可插入到紧致闪速读取器上的紧致闪速插槽中。当然，普通的紧致闪速读取器不能读取智能媒体卡24，因为紧致闪速读取器需要特定的信号转换。
多媒体卡28和安全数字卡26是具有相同的9个管脚接口的闪存卡。通过一个独立的数据I/O插头来使用串行数据的传输。MMC/SD适配器32有一个具有9管脚连接器的开口，用以接纳多媒体卡28或安全数字卡26。一旦多媒体卡28或安全数字卡26插入到MMC/SD适配器32中，则MMC/SD适配器32即可插入到特定的紧致闪速读取器的紧致闪速插槽中。紧致闪速读取器因此可对卡的类型进行检测并执行串行到并行的转换。
存储棒18也是一个具有9个管脚的串行数据接口的闪存卡，但是它比多媒体卡28和安全数字卡26更窄更长。存储棒适配器34有一个具有9管脚连接器的开口以接纳存储棒18。一旦插入了存储棒18，存储棒适配器32本身也被插入到特定的紧致闪速读取器的紧致闪速插槽中。紧致闪速读取器因此可对卡的类型进行检测并执行串行到并行的转换。
图3B给出了一紧致闪速读取器，该读取器可对应于紧致闪速样式的因素而通过无源适配器来读取多媒体闪存卡、安全数字闪存卡以及存储棒闪存卡。紧致闪速读取器42具有一开口或插槽，该开口或插槽具有可接纳紧致闪速卡16的50管脚连接器44。控制器芯片40执行与紧致闪速卡16的信号交换并执行数据传输。紧致闪速读取器42还通过USB连接器46与主机PC相连。控制器芯片40还控制USB与主机PC的连接，使得图像文件能够从紧致闪速卡16传输到该PC。
紧致闪速读取器42还可读取其它类型的闪存卡。例如，适配器34可使存储棒能够被读取。存储棒适配器34具有一个可使存储棒18装配进去的开口，同时存储棒适配器34本身装配到50个管脚的连接器44上，因为适配器34具有与紧致闪速卡相同的样式因素。
紧致闪速读取器42利用智能媒体适配器30也可读取智能媒体卡24。同样，利用MMC/SD适配器32也可读取多媒体卡28或安全数字卡28。
适配器30、32、34都是无源适配器，这些适配器只是将较小闪存卡的管脚连接到50个管脚的紧致闪速连接器上。不需要有源转换器芯片，这可极大地减少成本和复杂性。卡类型的检测——图4A～E
图4A～E详细的描述了由紧致闪速读取器检测闪存卡的类型。由于对许多类闪存卡使用相同的紧致闪速插槽，因此检测方法是有用的，使得用户不必明确地指出插入到紧致闪速读取器中的闪存卡是哪一种类型。
发明人对各种闪存卡的接口管脚进行了仔细的研究，并且发现了可通过检查两个地址管脚来执行类型检测。地址管脚A0和A1是50管脚紧致闪速接口的地址的最低有效位(LSB)。这些管脚通常输入到紧致闪速卡并由紧致闪速读取器来驱动。当读取器没有驱动已插入的紧致闪速卡的A0、A1时，管脚A0、A1浮置或被上拉电阻器拉高。
其它类型的闪存卡中不存在这种地址管脚。相反，地址和数据是多路复用的。对于MMC/SD和存储棒而言，地址是串行发送的。利用适配器，其它闪存卡的管脚可与紧致闪速的管脚相连。管脚A0和A1用于检测卡的类型。对于智能媒体而言，利用开始地址的3个或4个字节之后的一特定的控制序列来发送地址。
在图4A中，突出显示紧致闪速读取器的管脚A1、A0。当读取已插入到连接器44中的紧致闪速卡时，紧致闪速读取器中的转换器芯片40通常驱动紧致闪速接口中的所有11个地址管脚。紧致闪速卡的管脚A0插入到连接器座56中，同时紧致闪速卡的管脚A1插入到50管脚连接器44的连接器座58中。
卡类型检测器50具有两个加到线路A0、A1上的上拉电阻器。当插入到连接器44中的转换器芯片41或卡都未驱动线路A0时，电阻器52将线路A0拉高到电源电压(Vcc)。同样，当线路A1实际上未被驱动时，电阻器54将线路A1拉高。在检测模式期间，可编程转换器芯片40使之不驱动线路A0、A1，而用作检测器逻辑的输入。
在图4B中，将压缩卡插入到用于对卡的类型进行检测的连接器中。将紧致闪速卡16插入到连接器44中。因为A0和A1是对紧致闪速卡16的输入，因此它们不能由紧致闪速卡16来驱动。在检测模式期间，转换器芯片14也不驱动管脚A0、A1。这样线路A0、A1处于浮置状态并且其各自由电阻器52、54拉高。
转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑读取卡选择管脚CD0、CD1以检测闪存卡的出现。当出现一个新卡时，检测逻辑即读取用作输入的管脚A0、A1。转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑识别A0、A1的HH状态，该状态表示紧致闪速卡已插入到连接器44中。转换器芯片44随后退出检测模式并按照50个管脚的紧致闪速接口的连接器44来配置其接口，如随后的图5所示。
在图4C中，将多媒体卡或安全数字卡插入到用于对卡的类型进行检测的连接器中。将MMC/SD卡28(图中未示)插入到已插入到连接器44中的MMC/SD适配器32中。
在检测模式期间，转换器芯片40不驱动管脚A0、A1。因此管脚A0浮置并且被电阻器54拉高。管脚A0被MMC卡驱动为低电位。
转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑读取卡选择管脚CD0、CD1以检测闪存卡的出现。当出现一个新卡时，检测逻辑即读取用作输入的管脚A0、A1。当A0是低电位时，那么A1是高电位。转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑识别A0、A1的LH状态，该状态表示MMC或SD卡已插入到连接器44中。转换器芯片44随后退出检测模式，并按照9个管脚的MMC/SD接口的连接器44来配置其接口，如随后的图5所示。
在图4D中，将智能媒体卡插入到用于对卡的类型进行检测的连接器中。将智能媒体卡24(图中未示)插入到已插入到连接器44中的智能适配器30中。适配器30没有将紧致闪速接口的管脚A0、A1与智能媒体卡中的任意一个管脚相连。适配器30在内部将紧致闪速接口的管脚A1与该紧致闪速接口的接地管脚相连。
智能媒体卡既不驱动A1也不驱动A0，尽管适配器30将管脚A1驱动为低电位。同样，在检测模式期间转换器芯片40不驱动管脚A0、A1。管脚A0浮置并且被电阻器52拉高。
转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑读取卡选择管脚CD0、CD1以检测闪存卡的出现。当出现一个新卡时，检测逻辑即读取用作输入的管脚A0、A1。当A0是高电位时，那么A1是低电位。转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑识别A0、A1的HL状态，该状态表示智能媒体卡已插入到连接器44中。转换器芯片44于是退出检测模式并按照22个管脚的智能媒体接口的连接器44来配置其接口，如随后的图5所示。
在图4E中，将存储棒卡插入到用于对卡的类型进行检测的连接器中。存储棒卡18(图中未示)被插入到已插入到连接器44中的存储棒适配器34中。
转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑读取卡选择管脚CD0、CD1以检测闪存卡的出现。当出现一个新卡时，检测逻辑即读取用作输入的管脚A0、A1。两个管脚A0、A1都是低电位。转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑识别A0、A1的LL状态，该状态表示存储棒卡已插入到连接器44中。管脚映射——图5
图5是对于紧致闪速适配器而言的智能媒体、MMC/SD、及存储棒的管脚映射表。智能媒体、MMC/SD、以及存储棒的较小接口的管脚编号未示于图中，但是它们可以是任一种顺序或任一种标识。适配器将较小接口上的适当管脚与紧致闪速管脚编号相连，如图5所示。可使用诸如专用线、扁平电缆、印刷电路板(PCB)或接线引线(wiringtrace)这样的简单接线。
较小接口中的接地管脚与紧致闪速管脚1和50相连。电源管脚与紧致闪速管脚13、38相连。管脚25、26是紧致闪速的卡检测信号，适配器将管脚25、26接到所有较小接口中的卡检测信号。
紧致闪速连接器使用管脚2～6、21～23、27～31以及47～49以用于紧致闪速卡的16位并行数据总线。管脚8、管脚10～12和管脚14～20形成了单独的11位数据和地址总线。该单独的数据和地址总线用于对紧致闪速卡的快速随机存取。其它控制信号包括芯片选通管脚6和32、输出选通管脚9、写选通管脚36、中断管脚37、复位管脚41以及寄存器REG管脚44。REG管脚44是基于诸如PCMCIA I/O模式、IDE或PCMCIA存储器模式之类的CF模式操作所定义的属性存储器选择(Attribute Memory Select)。50个管脚的接口中的一些管脚是没有连接的。
较小的智能媒体接口也具有一个8位的并行数据总线。它们与紧致闪速接口的管脚2～6、和管脚21～23一一对应以与紧致闪速D0：7信号相配。当没有提供单独的地址总线时，地址和数据是复用的。在控制信号中，有用于锁存器选通、写选通、保护选通、输出选通以及信号交换就绪的控制信号。输出选通-OE以及写选通-WE对应到紧致闪速接口的具有相同功能的管脚9、36。智能接口的管脚总数是22。
存储棒和MMC/SD闪存卡仍然较小，因为不存在并行数据或地址总线。相反，通过对应到管脚19(A1)的串行数据管脚DIO来进行串行数据传输，按照与管脚18上的时钟SCLK相同步的方式来为数据计时。命令信号CMD或BS占用管脚20(A0)。MMC/SD和存储棒接口仅仅需要6个管脚外加电源和接地管脚。
转换器芯片40中的检测逻辑读取卡选择管脚CD0、CD1以检测闪存卡的出现。当出现一个新卡时，检测逻辑即读取用作输入的管脚A0、A1以确定卡的类型。图4A的上拉电阻器与适配器内的接线以及卡的特性结合，判断A0、A1是被适配器拉低，或是被上拉电阻器拉高。多插槽多闪速卡读取器——图6
图6是闪速卡读取器的一个多插槽实施例的示意图。虽然图3B的单插槽实施例导致了最小的结构设计，但可制成较大的闪速卡读取器，其为每一种类型的闪存卡都提供独立的插槽，而不是单个插槽。这样就不需要适配器。
在闪速读取器42中提供了四种连接器：装配紧致闪速卡16的50管脚紧致闪速连接器62、装配多媒体卡28或安全数字卡的9管脚MMC/SD连接器64、装配智能媒体卡24的22管脚智能媒体连接器66、及装配存储棒18的10管脚存储棒连接器68。
这四个连接器62、64、66、68均将它们的信号路由到转换器芯片40。当闪存卡已插入到连接器62、64、66、68中的一个时，转换器芯片40进行检测并对其自身进行配置，以利用与该卡的类型相对应的图5中的管脚接口来从已插入的卡中读取文件。
转换器芯片40执行各种路由以执行与闪存卡的信号交换并接收串行或并行的数据。该数据受到缓冲，然后通过USB连接器46而发送到主机PC。转换器芯片40产生适当的USB接口信号以将数据传输到主机PC20。
在闪速读取器42中独立的连接器62、64、66、68具有独立的接口，这允许卡到卡的传输。例如，可通过转换器40读取已插入到连接器68中的存储棒的串行数据，并将其转换成并行数据，且将其写入到连接器62和紧致闪速卡16中，从而将存储棒18的图像或其它文件传输到紧致闪速卡16中。操作系统可为连接器62、64、66、68中的每一个闪存卡分配不同的驱动器名，例如e：、f：、g：以及h：。
在这个实施例中，闪存包含在外壳中，该外壳通过USB电缆与主机PC20相连，当然，也可由诸如IEEE 1394火线(FireWire)之类的其它电缆和接口代替。PC内的闪速读取器——图7
图7给出了PC内的一闪速读取器。在闪速读取器42中有四个插槽和四个连接器。50个管脚的紧致闪速连接器62装配紧致闪速卡16，9个管脚的MMC/SD连接器64装配多媒体卡28或安全数字卡，22个管脚的智能媒体连接器66装配智能媒体卡24，并且10个管脚的存储棒连接器68装配存储棒18。
这四个连接器62、64、66、68均将它们的信号路由到转换器芯片40。当闪存卡已插入到连接器62、64、66、68中的一个时，转换器芯片40进行检测并对其自身进行配置，以利用与该卡的类型相对应的图5中的管脚接口从已插入的卡中读取文件。操作系统可为连接器62、64、66、68中的每一个闪存卡分配不同的驱动器名，例如e：、f：、g：以及h：。
转换器芯片40执行各种路由，以执行与各闪存卡的信号交换并接收串行或并行的数据。该数据受到缓冲，然后通过内部USB总线而发送到PC20内的CPU21。转换器芯片40产生适当的USB接口信号以将数据传输到CPU21。
图8给出了一个PC机架，该机架具有一个位于驱动器支架内的闪速卡读取器。PC20由具有几个驱动器支架的机架或机箱密封，这些驱动器支架可使用户或厂商插入诸如硬盘和软盘驱动器、CD-ROM和DVD驱动器、及磁带驱动器之类的外围设备。HDD支架72具有一个硬盘驱动器，而FDD支架74具有一个软盘驱动器。它们通过电缆而连接到插入USB、ATA、或者母板上的其它扩展总线连接器内的卡。
闪速读取器42插入到一个驱动器支架中。四个插槽都是面向前方的，这允许用户将闪存卡插入到闪速读取器42中，非常类似于将软盘插入到FDD支架74上的软盘驱动器中。
用户可利用从商店所购买的工具来安装闪速读取器42，或者由原始设备制造商(OEM)或零售商预先安装闪速读取器42。用户可容易地从数字照相机传输数字图像而无需考虑照相机所使用的闪速卡的类型，这是因为闪速读取器42可读取许多种不同样式的闪存卡。闪速设备——图9
图9给出了一个独立的闪速设备的框图，该闪速设备可接纳几种样式的闪存卡，并可将图像拷贝到可换磁盘而无需连接到主机PC上。数字摄影师的附近不是总有其PC。尽管可以买到额外的闪存卡并在数字照相机中做替换，但这些闪存卡比较昂贵，特别是当捕获许多高分辨率的图像时。尤其是在离开PC而长途旅行时，用户会受到闪存卡容量的限制。
闪速设备80具有四个插槽，并且在闪速设备80中设置有四个连接器。50个管脚的紧致闪速连接器62装配紧致闪速卡16，9个管脚的MMC/SD连接器64装配多媒体卡28或安全数字卡，22个管脚的智能媒体连接器66装配智能媒体卡24，而10个管脚的存储棒连接器68装配存储棒18。
这四个连接器62、64、66、68均将其信号路由到转换器芯片40。闪存卡插入到连接器62、64、66、68中的其中一个时，转换器芯片40通过感测卡选择线CD0、CD1来进行检测，并对其自身进行配置，以利用与该卡类型相对应的图5中的管脚接口来从插入的卡中读取文件。
转换器芯片40执行各种路由，以执行与闪存卡的信号交换并接收串行或并行的数据。数据受到缓冲，然后通过内部USB连接器46而发送到主机PC20或可移动大容量存储器70。转换器芯片40产生适当的USB接口信号以将数据传输到主机PC20。转换器芯片40还产生用于可移动大容量存储器70的控制信号，使得从闪存卡所读取的图像数据能够写入到可换磁盘76。可换磁盘76是标准的或是高密度的磁盘、磁带驱动器、可写CD-R/W磁盘、或是其它专用媒体(诸如由明尼苏达州Oakdale的Imation所生产的LS120)、或是由美国犹他州Roy的Iomega公司所生产的ZIP驱动器。
操作系统可为连接器62、64、66、68中的每一个闪存卡分配不同的驱动器名，例如e：、f：、g：以及h：。也为可移动大容量存储器70分配一个驱动器名。
当闪速设备80没有附装在主机PC20上，图像文件仍可拷贝到可移动大容量存储器70中。在旅行中用户可随身携带闪速设备80，使用户能够将图像文件下载到可换磁盘76。因为可换磁盘76通常具有远比闪存卡更大的容量，因此当不能对主机PC20进行存取时可捕获许多图像。闪速设备80可设置有电池电源或其自己的AC转换器。
闪速设备80设置有简单的用户接口，包括发光二极管78和按钮79。当用户将闪存卡插入到连接器62、64、66、68中的一个，并且将可换磁盘76插入到可移动大容量存储器70中时，用户按下按钮79。这使控制器芯片40激活，该芯片40确定了连接器62、64、66、68中的哪一个具有插入的存储卡，并且将图像文件拷贝到可移动大容量存储器70中。可对LED78编程以使其在拷贝的过程中闪光，而当拷贝完成时持续发光，或者相反。这为进行拷贝处理的用户提供了简单的可见指示。可用另外的LED指示灯或其它的闪光装置或颜色来指示故障。转换器芯片——图10
图10是闪存读取器的转换器芯片的框图。转换器芯片40可由市场上可买到的微控制器芯片来实现，对该微控制器芯片编程以读取和写入与闪存卡连接器和USB接口相连的I/O管脚。几个不同的控制和传输例程被编写和编程到RAM/ROM94中。CPU92随后执行这些例程。高级的扫描例程可感测到何时插入闪存卡。CPU92可随后开始执行特定于闪存卡类型的另一例程。然后可调用传输和信号交换子例程。
通用输入输出GPIO99提供了寄存器或I/O端口，该寄存器或I/O端口可驱动转换器芯片40的外部I/O管脚，或读取在对转换器芯片40的输入管脚上的逻辑电平或电压。CPU92可读取被控制信号所写入的GPIO99中的寄存器，该控制信号与连接器62、64、66、68的转换器芯片40的I/O管脚相耦合。通过将GPIO99中的寄存器的控制信号写为1或0，从而可将送至闪存卡的控制信号转换成高电平或低电平。
计时器96可用于使控制信号持续所要求的一段时间。例如，可能要求控制信号持续指定数量的几微秒。CPU92可将1写入到GPIO99的寄存器中并启动定时器96中的一定时器。当指定的时间已逝去时，定时器6可将一中断发送到CPU96，或者CPU92可连续地或周期性地轮询定时器96，以确定何时指定的时间已逝去。CPU92然后将0写入GPIO99的寄存器，使得控制信号从1变为0。
移位器98与连接器64、68的数据和时钟信号相连。当从闪存卡读取数据时，时钟跳到与数据传输同步。移位器98对于每个时钟脉冲计时一位(串行)或一个字(并行)。可对数据执行循环冗余码校验(CRC)以检测错误。当检测到错误时，CPU92可请求重新传输来自闪存卡的数据。
可通过内部总线90来发送由移位器98所读取的数据，以使其存储在RAM/ROM94的缓冲器中。USB接口100然后通过外部USB链路将该数据传输到主机PC。当存在可移动大容量存储器70时，GPIO99的某些I/O管脚可与大容量存储器70相连，或者可在控制器芯片40中包含独立的磁盘控制器。本发明的优点
闪存卡的通用适配器可接纳几种不同样式的卡。适配器可接纳智能媒体卡、多媒体卡、安全数字卡以及存储棒卡。具有单插槽的闪速读取器可利用适配器来接纳任一样式的卡。闪速读取器上的特定检测逻辑在多种闪速卡样式之间加以区分。低成本的无源适配器不需昂贵的转换器芯片。对于供PC使用而言，多样式的读取器是理想的。然而，独立的闪速读取器可在没有PC的情况下从闪速卡拷贝图像。另外，利用该读取器可完成介质的准备以供各设备使用(格式和擦除操作)。
利用紧致闪速卡样式因素来构造通用适配器。读取紧致闪速卡的读取器因此可读取插入到紧致闪速适配器中的任一种其它闪存卡。所述适配器是没有转换器芯片的简单、低廉的无源适配器。
所公开的从较小闪速卡样式到紧致闪速的管脚映射使得易于对插入到适配器中的闪存卡的类型进行检测。通过紧致闪速读取器的电子检测来自动执行闪存卡的类型检测。可对紧致闪速读取器进行改动以执行这种卡类型的检测。由紧致闪速读取器来执行诸如串行到并行的信号转换，而不是由适配器来执行。适配器的成本减小了，而紧致闪速读取器的成本只是略微增加。紧致闪速读取器可利用单个紧致闪速插槽来读取包括有智能媒体卡、多媒体卡、安全数字卡、存储棒卡以及紧致闪速卡等等多个类型的闪速卡。替代实施例
本发明人还仔细考虑了几个其它的实施例，可支持诸如智能卡之类的不同闪速卡样式，并且可包括多于或少于如所述多卡闪速读取器所示的四个插槽。可将其它适配器用于单插槽紧致闪速读取器的更新闪速样式。需要控制总线、时钟、数据总线以及地址总线的任一设备均可设计成装配到该插槽。例如这种设备可包括(但并不局限于)DSL调制解调器、指纹安全设备、微型硬盘等等。
虽然已经描述了本发明连接到个人计算机主机，但是该主机也可是诸如iMAC或G3这样的苹果计算机。所述主机也可以是SUN计算机，或是利用USB或IDE接口的任一主机。本发明还可使用个人数字助理(PDA)，例如掌上计算机(Palm Computer)或其它的手持设备，诸如具有USB能力的蜂窝式电话。
为简单起见使用术语“紧致闪速读取器”，因为经常从闪存卡中读取数字图像并将其随后写入到PC。然而，紧致闪速读取器具有可从PC或从其它的闪存卡读取文件并将该文件写入到闪存卡的能力。因此紧致闪速读取器实际上是一个读取器/写入器。
在另外一个实施例中，紧致闪速读取器稍微大一些并且具有多个插槽。在该实施例中不需适配器。相反，为每一个样式的闪存卡——智能媒体卡、多媒体卡、安全数字卡、存储棒卡以及紧致闪速卡等等都提供了一个插槽。同时也增加了一个PCMCIA。该紧致闪速读取器可通过USB电缆与PC相连，或者它可位于PC机架内。
在第三个实施例中，紧致闪速读取器是一个无需PC即可操作的独立设备。该设备包括诸如R/W CD-ROM之类的可换磁盘介质。通过紧致闪速读取器将图像从闪存卡拷贝到可换磁盘介质。该设备还使用一个简单界面，例如使用户按下一按钮而开始图像传输。
为了说明和描述的目的，对本发明的各实施例做了以上描述。其意并非是要穷尽列举本发明或是将本发明局限于所揭示的具体形式。根据上述指导可对本发明作出各种修改和变化。本发明的范围不应受限于本详细说明，而是受限于所附的权利要求书。

Claims (23)

1.一种单插槽多闪速卡读取器，包括：
一个人计算机接口，用于将数据传输到个人计算机；
一转换器装置，耦合至该个人计算机接口，用于将多种闪速卡接口转换到该个人计算机接口所采用的样式；
其中所述多种闪速卡接口包括紧致闪速接口以及具有比该紧致闪速卡接口更少管脚的较小接口；
一紧致闪速连接器，耦合至所述转换器装置，用于通过所述多闪速卡读取器中的单个插槽来接纳紧致闪速卡，对应于所述紧致闪速接口中的信号，所述紧致闪速连接器与该紧致闪速卡电子连接；
一适配器，具有可拆卸地插入到所述紧致闪速连接器中的物理形状，该适配器具有一个匹配的紧致闪速连接器，该匹配的紧致连接器与所述紧致闪速连接器相配合，该适配器还具有一个较小的连接器，该较小的连接器用于装配到具有所述较小接口的其它闪存卡上；以及
在该适配器中的一接线装置，连接在所述较小的连接器与所述匹配的紧致闪速连接器之间，用于直接将来自所述较小接口中的该较小的连接器的信号与所述匹配的紧致闪速连接器中的信号连接在一起；
因此所述适配器可通过所述单个插槽而将具有所述较小接口的其它闪存卡装在所述紧致闪速连接器上，以便由所述转换装置读取。
2.如权利要求1的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述接线装置将来自所有所述较小接口的卡选择信号连接到所述紧致闪速连接器中的卡选择信号；
其中所述转换器装置包括卡检测装置，该卡检测装置耦合用以感测所述卡选择信号，以检测到插入所述紧致闪速连接器中的闪存卡的出现，
因此所述转换器装置可检测到紧致闪速卡以及具有所述较小接口的其它闪存卡的出现。
3.如权利要求2的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述接线装置将来自所述较小接口的信号连接到所述紧致闪速连接器中的最低有效位(LSB)地址信号；
其中所述转换器装置包括卡类型检测装置，该卡类型检测装置耦合用以所述感测LSB地址信号，以检测插入到所述紧致闪速连接器中的闪存卡的类型；
其中所检测的闪存卡的类型包括紧致闪速卡以及具有所述较小接口的较小闪存卡；
因此所述转换器装置可检测已插入的闪存卡的类型，包括紧致闪速卡以及具有所述较小接口的其它闪存卡。
4.如权利要求3的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述LSB地址信号包括在所述紧致闪速接口中的A0信号及A1信号；
其中当所述较小接口是多媒体卡、安全数字接口或存储棒接口时，该A1信号连接到所述较小接口中的串行数据信号，
从而利用连接到所述较小接口的串行数据信号的该A1信号来执行类型检测。
5.如权利要求4的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述较小接口的每一类型的闪存卡通过所述适配器而将与所述LSB地址信号连接的信号驱动至不同的逻辑电平；
其中紧致闪速卡不驱动该LSB地址信号；
从而该LSB地址信号对于紧致闪速卡浮置，但是当被所述适配器连接时，至少一个所述LSB地址信号为具有所述较小接口的其它闪存卡所驱动。
6.如权利要求5的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，进一步包括：
上拉电阻器，与来自所述紧致闪速连接器的所述LSB地址信号相连，当所述转换器装置以及所述闪存卡未驱动与所述LSB地址信号相连的信号时，该上拉电阻器用于将所述LSB地址信号拉高，
因此该上拉电阻器协助卡类型的检测。
7.如权利要求6的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述接线装置是不具有包括集成电路芯片、晶体管、电阻或电容器的有源部件的无源接线装置，
由此所述适配器是无源适配器。
8.如权利要求7的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述较小接口选自包括有多媒体闪存卡接口、安全数字闪存卡接口以及存储棒闪存卡接口的一组闪存卡接口。
9.如权利要求8的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，进一步包括：
第二适配器，具有可拆卸地插入到所述紧致闪速连接器的物理形状，该第二适配器具有一个匹配的紧致闪速连接器，该匹配的紧致闪速连接器与所述紧致闪速连接器相配合，该第二适配器还具有一个第二较小的连接器，该第二较小的连接器用于装配到具有所述较小接口的智能闪存卡上，以用于智能媒体，
由此所述第二适配器将智能媒体闪存卡连接到所述紧致闪速连接器上。
10.如权利要求9的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，进一步包括：
第三适配器，具有可拆卸地插入到所述紧致闪速连接器的物理形状，该第三适配器具有一个匹配的紧致闪速连接器，该匹配的紧致闪速连接器与所述紧致闪速连接器相配合，该第三适配器还具有一个第三较小的连接器，该第三较小的连接器用于装配到具有所述较小接口的存储棒闪存卡上，以用于存储棒，
由此所述第三适配器将存储棒闪存卡连接到所述紧致闪速连接器上。
11.如权利要求10的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述紧致闪速接口具有50个管脚，包括电源和接地管脚；
其中所述较小接口具有不多于10个管脚，包括电源和接地管脚。
12.如权利要求10的单插槽多闪速卡读取器，其中所述转换器装置进一步包括：
串行到并行装置，其接收来自所述较小接口的串行数据，以将串行数据转换成并行数据格式，以便传输到所述个人计算机，
由此将来自所述较小接口的串行数据转换成并行数据，但是不对来自所述紧致闪速卡的并行数据进行转换。
13.一种多闪速卡读取器，包括：
一主机连接，用于将数据传输到一主机；
一转换器芯片，耦合至所述主机，用于转换来自闪存卡的信号，以从所述闪存卡读取数据而传输到所述主机；
第一连接器，耦合至所述转换器芯片，用于接纳插入到该第一连接器的第一插槽中的紧致闪速卡，该第二连接器具有并行数据总线和地址总线以及控制信号，用以控制从所述紧致闪速卡到所述转换器芯片的并行数据传输；
第二连接器，耦合至所述转换器芯片，用于接纳插入到该第二连接器的第二插槽中的智能媒体卡，该第二连接器具有并行数据总线和控制信号，用以控制从所述智能媒体卡到所述转换器芯片的并行数据传输；
第三连接器，耦合至所述转换器芯片，用于接纳插入到该第三连接器的第三插槽中的多媒体卡MMC卡，该第三连接器具有一个串行数据管脚和一个时钟管脚，用以控制从该MMC卡到所述转换器芯片的串行数据传输；
其中所述转换器芯片控制所述紧致闪速卡的并行数据和地址的传输、所述智能媒体卡的并行数据的传输、及所述MMC卡的串行数据的传输，
由此所述多闪速卡读取器利用该转换器芯片可读取多种闪存卡。
14.如权利要求13的多闪速卡读取器，其中所述的第一连接器、第二连接器以及第三连接器均具有卡检测信号，以检测到插入到连接器中的闪速卡的出现；
其中所述转换器芯片感测在来自连接器的所述卡检测信号中的电压变化，并启动一例程以存取激活所述卡检测信号的所述闪存卡，
由此由所述转换器芯片来检测闪存卡。
15.如权利要求14的多闪速卡读取器，进一步包括：
第四连接器，耦合至所述转换器芯片，用于接纳插入到该第四连接器的第四插槽中的存储棒卡，该第四连接器具有串行数据管脚和时钟管脚，用以控制从该存储棒卡到所述转换器芯片的串行数据传输；
其中所述转换器芯片还控制该存储棒卡的串行数据传输。
16.如权利要求15的多闪速卡读取器，其中所述主机连接为经过一外部电缆而至所述主机；
其中所述多闪速卡读取器在独立于所述主机机架的外壳中；
由此所述多闪速卡读取器是外部的。
17.如权利要求16的多闪速卡读取器，进一步包括：
一可移动大容量存储器，耦合至所述转换器芯片，用于通过所述外壳内的第五插槽来接纳可换磁盘，该可移动大容量存储器响应所述转换器芯片而存储来自所述闪存卡的数据，
因此数据被传输给所述可移动大容量存储器。
18.如权利要求17的多闪速卡读取器，进一步包括：
一启动开关，由用户闭合，用于开始从闪存卡到所述可移动大容量存储器的数据传输，该闪存卡插入到所述的第一、第二、或第三连接器中，该启动开关耦合用以激活所述转换器芯片内的传输例程，
因此由所述启动开关来开始对所述可移动大容量存储器的用户激活数据传输。
19.如权利要求18的多闪速卡读取器，其中当所述主机连接目前未连到所述主机时，所述启动开关工作，
由此所述多闪速卡读取器是用以将数据从闪存卡传输到所述可移动大容量存储器的独立的读取器。
20.如权利要求19的多闪速卡读取器，其中所述可移动大容量存储器可接纳用作存储介质的可移动磁带或可移动旋转磁盘。
21.如权利要求15的多闪速卡读取器，其中所述主机连接为经一内部电缆而至所述主机的插件板；
其中所述多闪速卡读取器位于包含有主机的计算机机架内，
由此所述多闪速卡读取器是内部的。
22.如权利要求21的多闪速卡读取器，其中所述多闪速卡读取器位于所述计算机机架内的一附加磁盘驱动器的驱动器支架中。
23.如权利要求15的多闪速卡读取器，其中所述转换器芯片进一步包括：
一存储器，其存储用于检测所述闪存卡出现于所述的第一、第二、以及第三存储器内的例程，并存储用于将数据从所述闪存卡传输到所述主机的例程；
中央处理单元装置，用于执行存储在所述存储器内的例程；
计时器，耦合至所述中央处理单元装置，用于检测时间间隔；
输入/输出装置，响应所述中央处理单元装置而感测来自所述的第一、第二、及第三连接器的输入信号，并驱动对所述的第一、第二及第三连接器的输出信号
移位装置，其响应所述中央处理单元装置，对来自所述的第三和第四连接器的串行数据进行移位，而对来自所述的第一和第二连接器的并行数据进行移位。
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US20070180177A1 (en) 2007-08-02
US7222205B2 (en) 2007-05-22
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TWI222564B (en) 2004-10-21
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US20120203948A1 (en) 2012-08-09
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US9558135B2 (en) 2017-01-31
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KR100476817B1 (ko) 2005-03-17
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US7412552B2 (en) 2008-08-12
US6438638B1 (en) 2002-08-20
US20080250174A1 (en) 2008-10-09

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