CN1104499C - 氧化作用稳定的α-淀粉酶 - Google Patents

氧化作用稳定的α-淀粉酶 Download PDF

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CN1104499C
CN1104499C CN94191138A CN94191138A CN1104499C CN 1104499 C CN1104499 C CN 1104499C CN 94191138 A CN94191138 A CN 94191138A CN 94191138 A CN94191138 A CN 94191138A CN 1104499 C CN1104499 C CN 1104499C
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R·L·安群
C·C·巴奈特
C·米勒森
S·D·鲍尔
C·A·瑞奎特
L·P·索罕
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Abstract

本发明系揭示一种由自然生成的或重组的α-淀粉酶的DNA序列所衍生的新颖的α-淀粉酶突变体。一般而言突变体α-淀粉酶由编码自然生成或重组的α-淀粉酶的前体DNA序列经体外修饰作用而得,以产生前体α-淀粉酶氨基酸序列中一个或多个可氧化的氨基酸残基的置换(替代)或缺失。此种突变体α-淀粉酶和前体比较,有改变的氧化稳定性和/或改变的pH性能曲线及/或改变的热稳定性。也揭示含有突变体淀粉酶的去污剂及淀粉液化组合物,以及突变体淀粉酶的用法。

Description

氧化作用稳定的α-淀粉酶
相关申请案
本案为USSN 08/016,395,于1993年2月11日申请的申请案的部分续展申请。
发明领域
本发明是有关新颖的α-淀粉酶突变体,其具有末见于自然界之氨基酸序列,此种突变体所具有的氨基酸序列中前体α-淀粉酶的一个或多个氨基酸残基,特别是任何可氧化氨基酸,已被不同的氨基酸所置换。本发明的突变体酶呈现改变的稳定性/活性曲线,包括改变的氧化稳定性,改变的pH性能曲线、改变的比活性和/或改变的热稳定性,但亦不限于此。
发明背景
α-淀粉酶(α-1,4-葡聚糖-4-葡聚糖水解酶,EC3.2.1.1)随机地水解淀粉中的内部α-1,4-糖苷键,产生较小分子量的麦芽糖-糊精。α-淀粉酶极具商业价值,可用于淀粉酶加工的最初阶段(液化作用);用于酒精的生产;充作清洁剂用于去污剂基质中;及用于纺织品工业中的淀粉脱浆。α-淀粉酶可由各种微生物所产生,包括芽孢杆菌属及曲霉属,而最商品化的淀粉酶则是由下列的细菌来源所产生的,如:地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens),枯草杆菌(B.subtilis)、或嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B.stearothermophilus)。近年来商品化使用的较佳酶则是得自地衣芽孢杆菌,因其热稳定性及性能好(至少是在中性及微碱pH值下)。
先前已有人利用重组DNA技术来进行研究,以探究哪一个残基对于淀粉酶的催化活性是重要的和/或探究在各种淀粉酶活性位置内修饰某些氨基酸的效应(Vihinen,M.et al.(1990)J.Bichem.107:267-272;Holm,L.et al.(1990)Protein Engi-neering 3:181-191;Takase,K.et al.(1992)Biochemica etBiophysice Acta,1120:281-288;Matsui,I.er al.(1992)FebsLetters Vol.310,No.3,pp.216-218);哪一个残基对热稳定性是重要的(Suzuki,Y.et al.(1989)J.Biol.Chem,264:18933-18938);且有一研究小组已使用此方法在地衣芽孢杆菌淀粉酶的各种组氨酸残基上引入突变,至于在组氨酸残基上制作置换作用的理论基础乃是因为地衣芽孢杆菌淀粉酶(已知具热稳定性)与其他相似的芽孢杆菌淀粉酶比较时,有多余的组氨酸,因此建议替换掉一个组氨酸可影响酶的热稳定性(Declerck,N.et al.(1990)J.Biol.Chem.265:15481-15488;FR 2 665 178-A1;Joyet P.et al.(1992)Bio/Technology 10:1579-1583)。
已发现,α-淀粉酶在介于4及10.5的pH值中可被过氧化氢及其他氧化剂所失活,如此处实施例所述。就商业上而言,α-淀粉酶可在很不同的条件下使用,如高及低pH值条件下,依商业应用而定。例如,α-淀粉酶可用于淀粉的液化作用中,此过程较好在低pH值下操作(pH<5.5)。另一方面,淀粉酶可用于商业上洗碗或洗衣清洁剂中,其中常含有氧化剂如漂白剂或过酸,且是在更碱性条件下使用。
为了改变在各种条件下淀粉酶的稳定性或活性曲线,已发现可氧化氨基酸,如甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸或半胱氨酸,选择性地取代、置换或缺失,可造成与其前体比较下变异酶的改变的活性曲线。由于目前商业上可采用的淀粉酶在各种条件下并非是可接受的(稳定的),因此有必要使用具有改变的稳定性和/或活性曲线的淀粉酶。和野生型或前体酶比较,可达到这种经改变的稳定性(氧化,热或pH性能曲线)同时保持适度的酶活性。由引入突变而影响的特性可能是在氧化稳定性上的变化,同时保持热稳定性,或相反。附加地,在α-淀粉酶前体序列中以不同的氨基酸置换可氧化的氨基酸,或缺失一个或多个的可氧化氨基酸,可造成在被视为前体α-淀粉酶最适pH值以外的pH值处的改变的酶活性。换言之,本发明的突变体酶也可具有经改变的pH值性能曲线,此可能可归因于酶增强的氧化稳定性。
发明要点
本发明是有关新颖的α-淀粉酶突变体,它是编码α-淀粉酶的经突变DNA序列的表达产物,经突变的DNA序列通过缺失或置换(替代)一个或多个可氧化氨基酸而衍生自前体α-淀粉酶。在本发明的一个较佳实施例中,突变体通过前体α-淀粉酶中一个或多个的甲硫氨酸残基为一个不同的氨基酸的置换而得。在本发明另一个实施例中,突变体包括在前体α-淀粉酶中的一个或多个色氨酸残基置换,或同时具有一个或多个甲硫氨酸残基的置换。一般而言,此突变体α-淀粉酶的得到可通过对编码自然生成的或重组的α-淀粉酶的前体DNA序列进行体外修饰,使其能编码前体氨基酸序列中一个或多个氨基酸的置换或缺失。
较好氨基酸序列中一个或多个氨基酸的置换或缺失,是由于此序列中一个或多个甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸或酪氨酸残基的替代或缺失所致,更好所改变的残基就是甲硫氨酸残基。可氧化的氨基酸可为20个自然生成的氨基酸中其他任一个所替代。若所需的作用是改变前体的氧化稳定性,则氨基酸残基可用不可氧化的氨基酸(如丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、谷胺酰胺、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸或缬氨酸)或其他可氧化的氨基酸(如半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或组氨酸,从最易氧化排列至较不易氧化)置换。另外,若欲达到的作用是改变热稳定性,则其他20个自然生成的氨基酸中任一者均可被置换(即半胱氨酸可置换甲硫氨酸)。
较佳的突变体包括用甲硫氨酸残基同等物置换地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中所见的任一个甲硫氨酸残基(+8,+15,+197,+256,+304,+366及+438)。最好被替代的甲硫氨酸是在地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中相当于+197或+15位置的甲硫氨酸。替代+197位置的甲硫氨酸的较佳的替代氨基酸为丙氨酸(A)、异亮氨酸(I)、苏氨酸(T)或半胱氨酸(C)。在+15位置的较佳替代氨基酸为亮氨酸(L)、天冬酰胺(N)、天冬氨酸(D)、丝氨酸(S)、缬氨酸(V)及异亮氨酸(I),然而其他上文未指出的替代氨基酸也可使用。本发明的二个特别优选的突变体为M197T及M15L。
本发明另一实施例是有关含有以色氨酸残基同等物置换在地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中所见的任一个色氨酸残基的突变体(见图2)。较好被替代的色氨酸是在地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中相当于+138的位置。在色氨酸残基上的突变(置换)可以是单独的,或者同时存在其他可氧化氨基酸残基上的突变。特别指出,置换至少一个色氨酸并组合至少一个甲硫氨酸的修饰是有益的(如双重突变体,+138/+197)。
一般而言,本发明的α-淀粉酶突变体在过氧化氢及其他氧化剂,如漂白剂或过酸,或特别是较缓和的氧化剂,如氯胺-T存在下可呈现经改变的氧化稳定剂。具有更强的氧化稳定性的突变酶可用于延长贮藏期,及用于清洁产品中的淀粉酶与漂白剂、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐或过酸的相容性。相似的,降低的氧化稳定性可应用于需要快速及有效地清除酶活性的工业过程中。本发明的突变体酶也显示出一个更宽的pH性能曲线,其中,诸如M15L的突变体显示在低pH淀粉液化作用的稳定性,而M197T突变体显示在高pH值清洁产物条件下的稳定性。本发明的突变体也具有经改变的热稳定性,突变体具有高温或低温下的增强的稳定性。要了解,与其前体比较下,突变体酶特性上的任何变化(增加或降低)都是有益的,取决于突变体α-淀粉酶的所期望达到的最终用途。
除了淀粉加工及清洁应用之外,本发明的突变体淀粉酶可用于使用已知淀粉酶的任何应用上,如,突变体淀粉酶可用于纺织品加工、食品加工等。具体而言,突变体酶如可通过氧化作用轻易地失活的M197C,可用于在工艺结束时希望可完全除去淀粉酶活性的工艺中,如于冷冻食品的加工应用上。
本发明较佳的α-淀粉酶突变体衍生自芽孢杆菌属,如地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌及嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,且最好是来自地衣芽孢杆菌。
本发明另一方面是提出一种新颖形式的α-淀粉酶,其通常由地衣芽孢杆菌所产生。此新颖形式,命名为A4型,在分泌的淀粉酶的N-末端处有4个额外的丙氨酸残基(图4b)。α-淀粉酶A4型式的衍生物或突变型也包括在本发明之内。而A4型的衍生物或突变体意指本发明的包括含有一个或多个额外突变的A4型α-淀粉酶,比如一个或多个可氧化氨基酸的突变作用(置换、替代或缺失)。
在本发明的组合物实例中,提出液体、凝胶或颗粒状的去污剂组合物,含有此处所述的α-淀粉酶突变体。特别优选的去污剂组合物是含有+197位置突变体的去污剂组合物,单独或组合有其他的酶(如糖苷内切酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶或其他的淀粉酶)。另外,本发明的组合物可包括有具一个或多个定点突变的α-淀粉酶突变体。
又本发明的另一个组合物实例中,提供了可用于淀粉加工及特别是淀粉液化作用的组合物。本发明的淀粉液化作用组合物较好包括在M15位置上有置换作用或缺失作用的α-淀粉酶突变体。此外,这种组合物可含有本领域中已知的额外组份,如抗氧化剂、钙、离子等。
在本发明的方法方面,提供了用湿磨或干磨方法而得的淀粉尤其颗粒淀粉淤浆的液化方法。大体而言,在淀粉降解过程的第一步骤中,淀粉淤浆在较高温度(高至约110℃)下加热而凝胶化。在淀粉淤浆凝胶化后,用α-淀粉酶液化和糊精化。此液化作用的条件述于US专利案07/785,624及07/785,623及US专利5,180,669,其揭示在此列为参考文献。本液化淀粉的方法包括将有效剂量的本发明的α-淀粉酶加至淀粉淤浆中,单独或组合有额外的赋形剂,如抗氧化剂,并令淤浆在适当温度反应适当时间,以液化淀粉。
本发明另一方面包括编码本发明突变体α-淀粉酶的DNA(包括A4型及其突变体),及编码DNA的表达载体,以及用此表达载体转化的宿主细胞。
附图说明
图1显示来自地衣芽孢杆菌(NCIB8061)α-淀粉酶的基因的DNA序列,Seq ID No.31,及所推导出的翻译产物,如Gray,G.etal.(1986)J.Bacter,166:635-643中所述。
图2显示得自地衣芽孢杆菌(NCIB8061)的突变体α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列,Seq ID No.32。
图3显示芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的一级结构排列。地衣芽孢杆菌淀粉酶(Am-Lich),Seq ID No.33,由Gray,G.et al.(1986)J,Bact.166:635-643所述;解淀粉芽孢杆菌淀粉酶(Am-Amylo),Seq ID No.34,由Takkinen,K.et al.(1983)J.Biol.Chem.258:1007-1013所述;及嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌淀粉酶(Am-Stearo),SeqID No.35)由Ihara,H.et al.(1985)J.Biochem.98:95-103所述。
图4a显示出突变体α-淀粉酶突变体M197T的氨基酸序列,seqID No.36。
图4b为得自地衣芽孢杆菌NCIB8061的A4型α-淀粉酶氨基酸序列,Seq ID No.37。从N-末端开始编号,由4个额外的丙氨酸开始。
图5显示质粒pA4BL,其中BLAA指地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因,PstI至SstI;AmpR指得自pBR322的氨苄青霉素抗性基因;且CAT指得自pC194的氯霉素抗性基因。
图6显示信号序列-成熟蛋白质接头,用于地衣芽孢杆菌(SeqID No.38)枯草杆菌(Seq ID No.39)、pA4BL中的地衣芽孢杆菌(seq ID No.40)及于pBLapr中的地衣芽孢杆菌(Seq ID No.41)。
图7a显示某些α-淀粉酶(Spezyme_AA20及M197L(A4型))用0.88M H2O2在pH5.0,25℃下的失活作用。
图7b显示某些α-淀粉酶(Spezyme_AA20,M197T)用0.88MH2O2在pH10.0及25℃下的失活作用。
图7c显示某些α-淀粉酶(Spezyme_AA20,M15L)用0.88MH2O2在pH5.0,25℃下的失活作用。
图8显示产生M197X盒式突变体(cassette mutants)的示意图。
图9显示M197X突变体的表达。
图10显示M197X突变体在pH5.0,5mM CaCl2,95℃下5分钟的热稳定性。
图11a及11b显示某些淀粉酶在自动洗碗清洁剂中的失活作用。图11a显示出某些CascadeTM中的淀粉酶(一种商品化的洗碗产品)在有或无淀粉存在下的65℃的稳定性。图11b显示某些Sun-lightTM(一种商品化的洗碗产品)中的淀粉酶在有或无淀粉存在下的65℃的稳定性。
图12显示产生M15X盒式突变体的示意图。
图13显示M15X突变体的表达。
图14显示M15X突变体在可溶性淀粉的比活性。
图15显示M15X突变体在90C,pH5.0,5mM CaCL2,5分钟下的热稳定性。
图16显示淀粉及可溶性底物的比活性,及M15突变体在pH5.5喷射液化中的性能,为地衣芽孢杆菌野生型活性百分比的函数关系。
图17显示地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶(AA20,在0.65毫克/毫升),用氯胺-T在pH8.0中的失活作用,与突变体M197A(1.7毫克/毫升)及M197L(1.7毫克/毫升)比较。
图18显示地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶(AA20在0.22毫克/毫升)用氨胺-T在pH4.0中的失活作用,与突变体M197A(4.3毫克/毫升)及M197L(0.53毫克/毫升)比较。
图19显示地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶(AA20,于0.75毫克/毫升)与氯胺-T在pH5.0的反应,和双重突变体M197T/W138F(0.64毫克/毫升)及M197T/W138Y(0.60毫克/毫升)比较。
发明详细说明
据信,用于淀粉液化作用中的淀粉酶,由于存在于淀粉淤浆中的某些活性物质而可能受到某种形式的失活作用(见共有的美国申请案07/785,624及07/785,623及于1993年1月19日发表的US专利案5,180,669,已列为本案的参考)。再者,在氧化剂(如漂白剂或含过酸的去污剂)存在下使用淀粉酶,会造成淀粉酶完全或部分的失活。因此,本发明着眼于改变淀粉酶的氧化敏感性。本发明的突变酶也具有改变的pH曲线和/或改变的热稳定性,此可归因于在低或高pH值下酶的氧化稳定性增强之故。
如此处所用,α-淀粉酶包括自然生成的淀粉酶以及重组淀粉酶。本发明中较佳的淀粉酶为衍生自地衣芽孢杆菌或嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的α-淀粉酶,包括衍生自如此文所述的地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的A4型,以及衍生自曲霉的真菌α-淀粉酶(即半曲霉及黑曲霉)。
重组α-淀粉酶指一种α-淀粉酶,其中编码自然α-淀粉酶的DNA序列经修饰而产生突变的DNA序列,该序列编码α-淀粉酶序列中一个或多个氨基酸的置换、插入或缺失作用。适合的修饰方法如此文所述,也公开于共有的美国专利案4,760,025及5,185,258中,其揭示内容已列为本案参考。
到目前为止几乎所有的已测序的内切淀粉酶之间,从植物、哺乳动物到细菌,已发现有同源性(Nakajima,R.T.et al.(1986)Ap-pl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.23:355-360;Rogers,J.C.(1985)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun,128:470-476)。在某些芽孢杆菌淀粉酶中有4个特别高度同源性的区域,如图3所示,其中下面划线的段落表示高同源性区域。再者,序列排列已被用来确定出芽孢杆菌内切淀粉酶间的相互关系(Feng,D.F.and Doolittle,R.F.(1987)J.Molec.Evol.35:351-360)。在嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌及地衣芽孢杆菌淀粉酶间的相关序列同源性为约66%,如Holm,L.etal.(1990)Protein Engineering  3(3)PP.181-191中所确定的。地衣芽孢杆菌及解淀粉芽孢杆菌淀粉酶间的序列同源性为约80%,如上文Holm,L.et al.所述。虽然序列的同源性十分重要,但通常可确认的是在比较淀粉酶或其他酶时,结构的同源性也十分重要。例如,真菌淀粉酶和细菌(芽孢杆菌)淀粉酶间的结构同源性也已被揭示,因此真菌淀粉酶也包含在本发明之内。
α-淀粉酶突变体所具有的氨基酸序列衍生自前体α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列。前体α-淀粉酶包括自然生成的α-淀粉酶及重组α-淀粉酶(如所定义的)。α-淀粉酶突变体的氨基酸序列是通过对前体氨基酸序列的一个或多个氨基酸进行置换、缺失或插入而衍生自前体α-淀粉酶氨基酸序列。此种修饰作用是对编码前体α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列的前体DNA序列进行的,而不是对前体α-淀粉酶本身进行操作。对前体DNA序列进行操作的适合方法包括此文所揭示的方法,及共有的US专利案4,760,025及5,185,258中公开的方法。
相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶M197、M15及W138位置的特异残基在此被鉴定,以供置换或缺失。同样确定甲硫氨酸、组氨酸色氨酸、半胱氨酸及酪氨酸位置。氨基酸位置编号(即+197)指图2中成熟的地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶序列的命名编号。然而本发明并不限于此特殊成熟α-淀粉酶(地衣芽孢杆菌)的突变,而延伸至在相当于在地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中特别鉴别出的残基位置处含有氨基酸残基的前体α-淀粉酶。若其与地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中该特定残基或残基部分是同源(即在一级或三级结构中的对应位置上)或类似的(即有相同或相似的在化学或结构上结合、反应,或互相作用等功能),则前体α-淀粉酶的氨基酸残基就相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的残基,
为了发展与一级结构的同源性,前体α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列直接与地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶一级序列比较,尤其是与一组已知的所有α-淀粉酶中均不变的残基比较,而此序列是已知的,如见图3。可通过三级结构决定等价的残基:猪的胰脏α-淀粉酶(Buisson,G.etal.(1987)EMBO J.6:3909-3916);得自米曲霉的高峰-淀粉酶A(Matsuura,Y.et al.(1984)J.Biochem.(Tokyo)95:697-702);及来自黑曲霉的酸性α-淀粉酶(Boel,E.et al.(1990)Bio-chemistry 29:6244-6249)的晶体结构的报道,其中前二者的结构是相似的。对于芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶并无发表的结构,然而预测在聚葡糖酶间有共同的超二级结构(MacGregor,E.A.& Svensson,B.(1989)Biochem.J.259:145-152)且嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的结构已依据高峰淀粉酶A制作模型(Holm,L.et al.(1990)Proetin En-gineering 3:181-191)。图3中所示的4个高度保守区域含有许多被视为是活性位点一部分的残基(Matsuura,Y.et al.(1984).J.Biochem.(Tokyo)95:697-702;Buisson,G.et al.(1987)EM-BO J.6:3909-3916;Vihinen,M.et al.(1990)J.Biochem,107:267-272),包括在地衣芽孢杆菌编号中的His105;Arg229;Asp231;His235;Glu261及Asp328。
如此文所用,表达载体指含有一段DNA序列的DNA构建物,它可操作性地连于能使该DNA在合适的宿主中表达的适合的控制序列。此种控制序列包括起转录作用的启动子、起控制此转录作用的任选的操纵子序列,编码适合的mRNA核糖体-结合位点的序列,及控制转录及翻译终止的序列。较佳的启动子为枯草杆菌的aprE启动子。载体可为质粒、噬菌体颗粒或单纯的一种潜在的基因组嵌入子(insert)。一旦转化至适合的宿主中,载体可独立于宿主基因体而进行复制及发挥作用,或者于某些例子中可整合至基因组本身。于本案中,质粒及载体有时可互换使用,因为质粒是目前最常用的载体形式;然而,本发明也包括本领域中已知的或将要知晓的、可发挥同样功能的其他形式的表达载体。
用于本发明中的宿主株(或细胞)是原核或真核细胞宿主,且包括可实现α-淀粉酶表达的任何可转化的微生物。具体而言,其中可衍生出α-淀粉酶的相同种或属的宿主株均是适合的,如芽孢杆菌株。较好是使用α-淀粉酶阴性的芽孢杆菌株(基因已被缺失)和/或α-淀粉酶及蛋白酶已缺失的芽孢杆菌株,如枯草杆菌菌株BG2473(ΔamyE,Δapr,Δnpr)。宿主细胞利用重组DNA技术构建的载体进行转化或转感。此种经转化的宿主细胞可复杂编码α-淀粉酶及其变种(突变种)的载体,或可表达所需的α-淀粉酶。
最好本发明的突变体可在发酵中分泌至培养基中。为实现分泌,任何适合的信号序列,如aprE信号肽,均可使用。
本发明的许多α-淀粉酶可用来配制各种各样的去污剂组合物,特别是某些洗碗组合物,尤其是含有已知氧化剂的清洁组合物。本发明的α-淀粉酶突变体可配制成已知的pH值为6.5至12.0之间粉末、液体或凝胶去污剂。适合的颗粒组合物可如共有的美国专利案07/429,881,07/533,721及07/957,973(均列为本案参考)所述进行制备。这些去污清洁组合物也可含有其他酶,如已知的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶、内切糖苷酶或其他的淀粉酶,以及助洗剂,稳定剂或本领域一般技术人员已知的其他赋形剂。这些酶可以共同颗粒存在,或以经搅拌的混合物或以本领域一般技术人员已知的其他任何方式存在。再者,本发明认为多重突变体在清洁或其他应用上可能是有用的。如,在+15及+197上均有变化的突变体酶可呈现增强的性能而能用于清洁产品上,或包含有+197及+138变化的多重突变体也具有更佳的性能。
如先前所述,本发明的α-淀粉酶突变体可用于淀粉的液化作用上。淀粉液化作用,特别是颗粒淀粉淤浆的液化作用典型地是在近中性pH值及高温下进行。如共有的美国专利案07/788,624及07/785,623及美国专利案5,180,669中所示,某种氧化剂或失活剂也存在于典型的液化过程中,从而影响酶活性;因此,于这些相关的专利案中,加入抗氧化剂以保护酶。
依据共有的US案07/788,624及07/785,623及US专利案5,180,669中所述的较佳液化过程的条件,即低pH值、高温及潜在的氧化条件,本发明的可用于液化过程中的较佳突变体包括呈现不同的pH性能曲线(即低pH值曲线,pH<6及较好pH<5.5)和/或经改变的热稳定性(即高温,约90°-110℃),和/或经改变的氧化稳定性的突变体(即加强的氧化稳定性)。
因此,本发明教授了一种液化淀粉的改良方法,方法包括,在约4至6的pH中液化来自湿磨或干磨方法的颗粒淀粉淤浆,即将有效剂量的本发明的α-淀粉酶突变体加至淀粉淤浆中;视需要加入有效剂量的抗氧化剂或其他赋形剂至淤浆中;并以适合的时间及温度反应淤浆,以液化淀粉。
以下以实施例方式表现,但不构成本发明的限制。此中所用的缩写,特别是表示氨基酸的三字码或一字码,如Dale,J.W.,Molecu-lar Genetics of Bacteria,John Wiley & Sons,(1989)Appendis B中所述。实验 实施例1 置换地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中的甲硫氨酸残基
从地衣芽孢杆菌NCIB8061克隆α-淀粉酶基因(图1),该菌得自National Collection of Industrial Bacteria,Aberdeen,Scotland(Gray,G.et al.(1986)J.Bacteriology 166:635-643)。编码最后三个信号序列的残基的1.72kb PstI-SstI片段;完整的成熟蛋白质及终止子区域,被亚克隆入M13MP18中。在BclI及SstI间,利用下列形式的合成的寡核苷酸盒(cassette)加入一个合成的终止子:BclI                                                          SstI5′  GATCAAAACATAAAAAACCGGCCTTGGCCCCGCCGGTTTTTTATTATTTTTGAGCT   3′3′      TTTTGTATTTTTTGGCCGGAACCGGGGCGGCCAAAAAATAATAAAAAC       5′
                                                        Seq ID No 1经设计含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌枯草杆菌蛋白酶转录终止子(Wells etal.(1983)Nucleic Acid Research 11:7911-7925)。
用寡核苷酸形成定点突变,基本上按Zoller,M.et al.(1983)Meth.Enzymol.100:468-500的方法进行:简言之,使用5′-磷酰化的寡核苷酸引物将所需的突变引入M13单股DNA模板,利用表1所列的寡核苷酸将地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中所见的7个甲硫氨酸各个置换。各诱变寡核苷酸也引入一个限制性核酸内切酶位点,以使用于相连的突变的筛选。
                          表  1
              用于置换地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶
              中甲硫氨酸残基的诱变寡核苷酸
               M8A5′-T GGG ACG CTG GCG C AG TAC TTT GAA TGG T-3′              Seq ID No 2
                        ScaI+
                            M15L5′-TG ATG C AG TAC TTT GAA T GG TAC CTG CCC AAT GA-3′      Seq ID No 3
             Scal+        KpnI+
              M197L5′-GAT TAT TTG TTG TAT GCC  GAT ATC GAC TAT GAC CAT-3′      Seq ID No 4
                           EcoRV+
                     M256A5′-CG GGG AAG G AG GCC TTT ACG GTA GCT-3′                   Seq ID No 5
              StuI+
                M304L5′-GC GGC TAT GA C TTA AGG AAA TTG C-3′                     Seq ID No 6
                 AfIII+
             M366A5′-C TAC GGG G AT GCA TAC GGG ACG A-3′                      Seq ID No 7
              NsiI+
                M366Y5′-C TAC GGG GAT TAC TAC GGG A CC AAG GGA GAC TCC C-3′      Seq ID No 8
                                StyI+
                         M438A5′-CC GGT GG G GCC AAG CGG GCC TAT GTT GGC CGG CAA A-3′     Seq ID No 9
                    SfiI+粗体字表示由寡核苷酸引入的碱基变化。密码子变化显示于M8A型中,其中+8位置的甲硫氨酸(M)已经改变成丙氨酸(A)下面划线表示由寡核苷酸所引入的限制性核酸内切酶位置。
用异源双链转感大肠杆菌mutL细胞(Kramer et al.(1984)Cell 38:879),在噬菌斑-纯化之后,用RF1′s的限制酶分析法分析克隆。阳性者以双脱氧测序法(Sanger et al.(1977)Proc.Natl.A-cad.sci.U.S.A.74:5463-5467)证实,且各个的PstI-SstI片段亚克隆入大肠杆菌载体,质粒pA4BL中。质粒pA4BL
依循US申请案860,468(Power et al.)的方法,此方法已列入本案参考,将一个沉默的PstI位置引入来自PS168-1(Stahl,M.L.and Ferrari,E.(1984)J.Bacter,158:411-418)的aprE基因的+1密码子上(在信号解离位点后的第一个氨基酸)。aprE启动子及信号肽区再以Hind III-PstI片段形式从pJH101质粒中克隆出来(Ferrari,F.A.et al.(1983)J.Bacter.154:1513-1515),并亚克隆入pUC18衍生质粒JM102中(Ferrari,E.and Hoch,J.A.(1989)Bacillus,ed.C.R.Harwood,Plenum Pub.,PP.57-72)。添加来自地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的PstI-SstI片段,可生成pA4BL(图5),其具有形成的如图6所示的aprE信号肽-淀粉酶接头。转化至枯草杆菌
pA4BL是一个可在大肠杆菌中复制及整合至枯草杆菌染色体的质粒。含有不同突变体的质粒被转化至枯草杆菌中(Anagnos-topoulos,C.and Spizizen,J.(1961)J.Bacter.81:741-746)并以坎贝尔型(Campbell-type)机制在aprE基因座位上整合入染色体中(Young,M.(1984)J.Gen.Microbiol.130:1613-1621)。枯草杆菌株BG2473为1168的衍生物,已缺失淀粉酶(ΔamyE)及二个蛋白酶(Δapr,Δnpr)(Stahl,M.L.and Ferrari,E.,J.Bacter.158:411-418及US专利案5,264,366,已列为本案参考)。转化后,sacU32(Hy)(Henner,D.J.et al.(1988)J.Bacter.170:296-300)突变用PBS-1介导的转导作用引入(Hoch,J.A.(1983)154:1513-1515)。
由pA4BL在枯草杆菌所表达的淀粉酶,经N-末端分析显示它在所分泌的淀粉酶蛋白质N-末端上有4个额外的丙氨酸(“A4型”),需进一步加工。这些多出的残基对于A4型的活性或热稳定性上无重大和有害的影响,且在某些应用上可增强性能。在随后的实验中,从一个极相似的构建物中制得地衣芽孢杆菌淀粉酶及突变体M197T的正确加工的形式(见图6)。具体地,A4构建物的5′-端被亚克隆在EcoRI-SstI片段上,由pA4BL(图5)进入M13BM20(Boehringer Mannheim)以得到用于以下诱变寡核苷酸的编码股模板:5 ′-CAT CAG CGT CCC ATT AAG ATT TGCAGC CTG CGC AGA CAT GTT GCT-3′
                                                    Seq ID No 10此引物消除指导合成4个额外的N-末端丙氨酸的密码子,正确形式需以PstI位置的不存在来筛选。将EcoRI-SstI片段再继代选殖回pA4BL载体(图5)得到质粒pBLapr。之后在SstII-SstI片段上的M197T置换可自pA4BL(M197T)中移出至互补的pBLapr载体,从而生成质粒pBLapr(M197T)。pBLapr在枯草杆菌中表达的淀粉酶,经N-末端分析显示,具有在地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中发现的相同的N-末端,因此需要予以加工。实施例2 甲硫氨酸突变体的氧化敏感性
地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶,如Spezyme_AA20(可购自GenencorInternational,Inc.)可在过氧化氢存在下被快速地失活(图7)。在枯草杆菌的摇瓶培养物中表达各种甲硫氨酸突变体,且粗制上清液以硫酸铵馏份纯化。提高硫酸铵至70%饱和,使淀粉酶从20%饱和的硫酸铵上清液中沉淀出来,并再悬浮之。突变体再曝于pH5.0,25℃的0.88M过氧化氢之下。地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中6个甲硫氨酸阳性的突变体仍接受过氧化物的氧化作用,而在+197位置的置换(M197L)显示对过氧化物的氧化作用具抗性(见图7)。然而,下文详述的分析则显示,虽然有一突变体对pH5.0,25℃的氧化作用敏感,但它在不同条件下可呈现经改变的/增强的特性(即液化作用)。实施例3 构建在197位置上所有可能的突变体
用如图8中所列的盒突变(形成),在A4形式中产生所有的M197突变体(M197X):
1)可用定点诱变(通过在M13中引物的延伸)来制成M197A,利用下列的诱变寡核苷酸:
                M197A
5′-GAT TAT TTG GCG TAT GCC  GAT ATC GAC TAT GAC CAT-3′
                               EcoRV+
                                    ClaI-      Seq ID No 11它还插入一个EcoRV位量(密码子200-201)以取代ClaI位置(密码子200-202)。
2)可用引物LAAM12(表II)在密码子186-188上引入另一个沉默限制酶位置(BstBI)。
3)生成的M197A(BstBI+,EcoRV+)突变体再继代选殖至(PstI-SstI片段)质粒pA4BL中,生成的质粒以BstBI及EcoRV消化,含载体的大片段用电泳法从琼脂糖凝胶中分离出来。
4)合成的引物LAAM14-30(表II)分别与大体上互补的共同引物LAAM13(表II)退火。生成的盒编码在+197位置上所有其余的自然生成氨基酸,并个别连接至先前制备的载体片段中。
                                                   表II
                           用于盒诱变以产生M197X突变体的合成寡核苷酸LAAM12     GG GAA GT T TCG AAT GAA AAC G                                                          Seq ID No 12LAAM13     X197bs                                                                                  Seq ID No 13
       (EcoRV)  GTC GGC AT A TG  CAT ATA ATC ATA GTT GCC GTT TTC ATT (BstBI)LAAM14     I197                                                                                    Seq ID No 14
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  ATC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM15     F197                                                                                    Seq ID No 15
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  TTC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM16     V197                                                                                    Seq ID No 16
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  GTT TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM17     S197                                                                                    Seq ID No 17
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  AGC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM18     P197                                                                                    Seq ID No 18
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  CCT TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM19     T197                                                                                    Seq ID No 19
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  ACA TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM20     Y197                                                                                    Seq ID No 20
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  TAC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM21     H197                                                                                    Seq ID No 21
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  CAC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM22     G197                                                                                    Seq ID No 22
       (BstBI  CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  GGC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM23     Q197                                                                                        Seq ID No 23
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  CAA TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM24     N197                                                                                        Seq ID No 24
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  AAC TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM25     K197                                                                                        Seq ID No 25
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  AAA TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM26     D197                                                                                        Seq ID No 26
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  GAT TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM27     E197                                                                                        Seq ID No 27
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  GAA TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM28     C197                                                                                        Seq ID No 28
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  TGT TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM29     W197                                                                                        Seq ID No 29
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  TGG TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)LAAM30     R197                                                                                        Seq ID No 30
       (BstBI) CG AAT GAA AAC GGC AAC TAT GAT TAT TTG  AGA TAT GCC GA C (EcoRV-)
盒经过设计以便连接后可破坏EcoRV位点,因此得自大肠杆菌转化子的质粒可以其丧失此独特位点来筛选。此外,盒共同的底部股含有一个移码(frame-shift),且编码NsiI位点,因此由此股衍生而来的转化细胞可通过筛选存在独特NsiI位置而消除,因而任何例子中预期都不会导致活性淀粉酶的表达。
用限制酶分析呈现阳性者可以用测序法证实,且转化入枯草杆菌中以便在摇瓶培养中表达(图9)。再利用可溶性底物分析来决定某些M197X突变体的比活性。利用以下分析法产生的数据示于下表III中。
可溶性底物分析:依据由Megazyme(Aust.)Pty.Ltd.供应的终点分析试剂盒,进行速率分析:各小瓶的底物(对-硝基苯基麦芽庚糖苷,BPNPG7)溶于10毫升无菌水中,再以1至4的稀释倍数稀释于分析缓冲溶液中(50mM马来酸盐缓冲溶液,pH6.7,5mM氯化钙,0.002%吐温20)。分析的进行是通过:在25℃将10微升淀粉酶加入至石英管中的790微升底物,测量水解速度,即每隔75秒后,在410毫微米下吸光度的变化速率。分析为线性,可高达0.4吸光度单位/分的速率。
再利用标准的Bio-Rad分析法(Bio-Rad Laboratories)以Brad-ford,M.方法(1976)Anal.Biochem.72:248为准)测定淀粉酶蛋白质浓度,以牛血清白蛋白为标准品。
淀粉水解分析:使用分析Spezyme_AA20α-淀粉酶活性的标准方法。此方法详述于USSN 07/785,624的实施例1中,已列为本案参考。天然的淀粉可与碘形成蓝色,但当淀粉水解成较短的糊精分子时则无法形成蓝色,底物是可溶性Lintner淀粉,5克/升于磷酸盐缓冲溶液,pH6.2(42.5克/升磷酸二氢钾,3.16克/升氢氧化钠)。样品加于25mM氯化钙中,且测量活性,用在30℃保温下生成阴性碘试验所花的时间表示。活性以每克或每毫升的力规分(淀粉酶液化力的单位)(LU)记录,利用下公式计算:
其中LU=液化单位
     V=样品体积(5毫升)
     t=糊精化时间(分)
     D=稀释因子=稀释体积/加入的酶的毫升或克
                          表III
                     比活性(以AA20值的%计):
α-淀粉酶           可溶性底物    淀  粉
spezyme_AA20          100          100
A4型                    105          115
M15L(A4型)              93           94
M15L                    85           103
M197T(A4型)             75           83
M197T                   62           81
M197A(A4型)             88           89
M197C                   85           85
M197L(A4型)             51           17实施例4 突变体M15L的特性
依先前实施例制成的突变体M15L,未显示出增加的淀粉酶活性(表III),而且仍可为过氧化氢所失活(图7)。然而在淀粉酶的喷射-液化中其性能有显著的增加,尤其在低pH值时,如下表IV所示。
淀粉酶液化作用通常利用Hydroheater M 103-M喷汽器进行,其中装配有2.5升的延迟线圈于混合室后,及一个末端回压阀。淀粉以Moyno泵填料至喷汽器,蒸汽由150psi的蒸汽管供应,减低至90-100psi。温度探针正好装在Hydroheater喷汽器之后,及正好回压阀之前。
淀粉淤浆得自玉米湿式辗磨器,且在2天内使用。淀粉以去离子水稀释至所需的固体浓度水平,且以2%NaOH或饱和的Na2CO3将淀粉的pH值调整好。典型的液化条件为
淀粉                 32%-35%固体
钙                   40-50ppm(加30ppm)
pH                   5.0-6.0
α-淀粉酶            12-14LU/克淀粉,以干重计淀粉以约350毫升/分引入喷汽器中。温度保持在105-107℃。淀粉样品由喷汽锅转移至95℃的第二阶段液化作用,并保持90分钟。
在第二次阶段液化作用后立即测量淀粉液化作用的程度,即通过测定样品的右旋糖当量(DE),并测试原料淀粉的存在与否,二者均依据Standard Analytical Methods of the Member Companies ofthe Corn Refiners Association,Inc.,第六版中所述进行。淀粉,当大体上在上述条件及pH6.0下处理时,可生成DE约为10的液化淀粉且无原料淀粉。利用本发明突变体进行淀粉液化试验的结果示于表IV中。
                         表IV
        突变体M15L(A4型)及M15L在淀粉液化中的性能
                         pH     约90分钟后的DE
       Spezyme_AA20    5.9          9.9
       M15L(A4型)        5.9          10.4
       Spezyme_AA20    5.2          1.2
       M15L(A4型)        5.2          2.2Spezyme_AA20         5.9        9.3-M15L                   5.9        11.3-Spezyme_AA20         5.5        3.25--M15L                   5.5        6.7--Spezyme_AA20         5.2        0.7--M15L                   5.2        3.65---  三次实验的平均--二次实验的平均实施例5 构建M15X突变体
大体依据上文实施例3的方法,可在天然的地衣芽孢杆菌中以盒式突变(形成)产生在M15上所有的突变体(M15X),如图12所示:
1)以定点诱变(通过在M13上引物的延伸)在邻接M15密码子处引入独特的限制酶位置,以助于插入诱变盒。具体地,利用下示的二个寡核苷酸引入在密码子11-13的BstBl及在密码子18-20的MscI位点:M15XBstBl  5′-G ATG CAG TAT  TTC GAA CTGG TAT A-3′
                          BstBl                              Seq ID No 48M15XMscl    5′-TG CCC AAT GA T GGC CAA CAT TGG AAG-3′
                          Mscl                               Seq ID No 49
2)用于M15X盒式诱变的载体,是通过将来自已经诱变过的淀粉酶(BstBl+,Mscl+)的Sfil-SsfII片段亚克隆入质粒pBLapr而构建的。生成的质粒再以BstBl及Mscl消化,大的载体片段从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中用电泳溶解(electroelution)予以分离。
3)用与M197X突变体类似的方法形成诱变盒。将各编码一个在密码子15上的置换的合成的寡物与共有的底部引物一起退火。一旦盒与载体正确连接,便破坏Mscl,从而可以利用此位置的丧失来筛选阳性转化细胞。底部引物股含有一个独特的SnaBl位点,以便来自底部股的转化细胞可通过SnaBl位点的筛选而消除。此引物也含有一个移码,它能消除衍自底部引物股的突变的淀粉酶的表达。
合成的盒列于下表V中,且一般的盒诱变方法在图12中说明。
                           表  V
        用于盒诱变以产生M15K突变体的合成的寡核苷酸M15A(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  GCT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 50M15R(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  CGC CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 51M15N(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  AAT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 52M15D(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  GAT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 53M15H(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  CAC CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 54M15K(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  AAA CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 55M15P(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  CCG CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 56M15S(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  TCT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 57M15T(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAC  ACT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 58M15V(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  GTT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 59M15C(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  TGT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 60M15Q(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  CAA CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 61M15E(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  GAA CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 62M15G(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  GGT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 63M15I(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  ATT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 64M15F(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  TTT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 65M15W(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAC  TGG CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 66M15Y(BstBl)   C GAA TGG TAT  TAT CCC AAT GAC GG(Mscl)   Seq ID No 67M15X(Mscl)   CC GTC ATT GGG  ACT ACG TAC CAT T(BstBl)   Seq ID No 68(底部链)底下划线表示在15氨基酸位置上密码子的变化。于某些例子中是保守性置换,以避免引入新的限制酶位置。实施例6 用M15X突变体进行实验桌液化
如实施例5那样制得的M15置换的11个α-淀粉酶突变体,在pH5.5利用实验桌液化系统液化分析其液化活性,并与Spezyme_AA20(可购自Genencor International,Inc.)比较。实验规模的液化系统包括不锈钢旋管(0.25英寸直径,约350毫升体积)并装配有一个7英寸长的静态混合元件,距前端约12英寸,及在后端有一个30psi回压阀。此旋管除了各端外,浸于配有热稳定控制的加热元件的甘油-水浴中,以便将浴温保持在105-106℃下。
含有酶的淀粉淤浆,用搅拌维持悬液状,再将其按在约70毫升/分速度用活塞驱动的计量泵引入反应旋管之内。从旋管一端回收淀粉,并再转移至第二个容器(95℃,经历90分)。于第二容器后立即如实施例4所述测定液化淀粉的DE值。结果示于图16中。实施例7 M197X突变体的特性
由图9可看出,M197X(A4型)突变体可表现出大范围的淀粉酶活性(在可溶性底物分析法中测得)。淀粉用2倍体积的乙醇沉淀并再悬浮而从上清液中部分纯化出。之后进行热稳定的筛选(图10),即在95℃下于10mM醋酸盐缓冲溶液、pH5.0中加热5分钟,并有5mM氯化钙的存在;于保温后,A4野生型具有其活恬的28%。至于M197W及M197P,我们无法从上清液中回收活性蛋白质。测序后发现,M197H突变体含有一个二次突变,N190K。M197L在另一个实验中检查,是热稳定性最低的突变体之一。淀粉酶活性的表现及热稳定性之间似乎有广泛的相互关系。就留有或增强稳定性而言,地衣芽孢杆菌淀粉酶受制于197位置所容纳的残基:半胱氨酸及苏氨酸在这些条件下对最佳的热稳定性而言为最佳,而丙氨酸及异亮氨酸为中度稳定。然而,其他在+197位置上造成热稳定降低的置换,可能在其他应用上是有用的。另外,在+197上不同的置换可能有其他有用的特性。如改变的pH性能曲线,或改变的氧化稳定性。如,发现M197C突变体可为空气氧化所快速失活,但有更高的热稳定性。相反的,与M197L比较下,M197T及M197A二者不仅保留高度热稳定性(图10),也有高活性(表III),同时在pH5至pH10下维持对过氧化物失活作用的抗性。(图7)实施例8 于去污剂调和物中的稳定性及性能
在自动洗碗清洁剂(ADD)基质中测定M197T(A4型)、M197T及M197A(A4型)的稳定性。将2ppm SavinaseTM(一种蛋白酶,可购自Novo Industries,是常用于ADD的一种蛋白酶)加至2种商品化的含漂白剂的ADD中:CascadeTM(Procter and Gamble,Ltd.)及SunlightTM(Unilever),随后在65℃进行淀粉酶突变体及Ter-mamylTM(一种可购自Novo Nordisk,A/S的热稳定的α-淀粉酶)的失活过程。在二例中所用的ADD产物浓度相当于“浸泡前”条件:每升水有14克产物(每加仑7克硬度)。可看出(图11a及11b),M197T突变体的二种形式均较TermamylTM及M197A(A4型)来得稳定,后两者在进行第一次分析前便失活。由以下方法的测定中可看出淀粉存在或不存在下此稳定性的益处。将淀粉酶加至5毫升ADD及Sav-inaseTM中,后者已于试管中预热。在涡旋后,利用可溶性底物分析法分析活性,作为时间的函数关系。“+淀粉”管在玻片上有烘干的细通心面淀粉(140℃,60分)。结果示于图11a及11b。实施例9 M15X突变体的特性
所有的M15X突变体于枯草杆菌上增殖,并如图13所示监测其表达水平。分离淀粉酶并以20-70%硫酸铵馏份部分纯化。再如实施例3那样在可溶性底物上测定这些突变体的比活性(图14)。许多M15X淀粉酶的比活性大于Spezyme_AA20的。在突变体上进行桌面上的热稳定分析,即在50mM醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,及5mM CaCl2存在下于90℃加热淀粉酶5分钟(图15)。以此分析中,大部分的突变体和Spezyme_AA20性能一样。在此分析中呈现合理的稳定性的突变体(合理的稳定性定义为保持有至少约60%Spezyme_AA20的热稳定性),再在淀粉上进行比活性测定,和在pH5.5上进行液化操作。这些突变体中最令人感兴趣的示于图16中。M15D,N及T,加上L,在pH5.5液化中较Spezyme_AA20性能更佳,且在可溶性底物及淀粉水解分析二者中均有增加的比活性。
大体而言,我们发现,置换15位置上的甲硫氨酸,可提供低pH值下液化性能增加和/或比活性增加的突变体。实施例10 色氨酸对氧化的敏感性
氯胺-T(N-氯-对-甲苯磺酰亚胺钠)是一种选择性的氧化剂,其可在中性至碱性pH值下氧化甲硫氨酸成甲硫氨酸亚砜。在酸性pH值下,氯胺-T可修饰甲硫氨酸及色氨酸(Schechter,Y.,Burstein,Y.and Patchornik,A.(1975)Biochemistry 14(20)4497-4503)。图17显示氯胺-T在pH8.6下对地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的失活作用(AA20=0.65毫克/毫升,M197A=1.7毫克/毫升,M197L=1.7毫克/毫升)。数据显示将197位置的甲硫氨酸变化成亮氨酸或丙氨酸,可避免α-淀粉酶的失活。相反的,如图18中所示,在pH4.0下可进行M197A及M197L的失活作用,但要需更多的氯胺-T(图18;AA20=0.22毫克/毫升,M197A=4.3毫克/毫升,M197L=0.53毫克/毫升;200mM醋酸钠于pH4下)。这暗示,色氨酸残基在氯胺-T所介导的失活作用中也涉及。再者,胰蛋白酶酶切图谱和随后的氨基酸测序显示,在138位置的色氨酸可为氯胺-T所氧化(数据未示出)。为证明此点,如下所述制成在色氨酸138上的定点诱变的诱突变体。制备α-淀粉酶的双重突变体W138及M197
用M197T(依实施例3的揭示进行制备)制备作为双重突变体的W138的某些突变体(F,Y及A)。双重突变体依实施例1及3所述的方法制备。大体而言,DNA单负股是从地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶M197T突变体的1.72kb编码序列(PstI-SstI)的M13MP18克隆中制备。利用下列的引物进行定点诱变,基本上采用Zoller,M.et al.(1983)的方法,除了以T4基因32蛋白质及T4聚合酶替代klenow片段之外。引物均含有独特的位置,以及所需的突变,以便能鉴定出具有合适突变的克隆。色氨酸138至苯丙氨酸133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143CAC CTA ATT A AA GCT TTC ACA CAT TTT CAT TTT               Seq ID No 42
          Hind III色氨酸138至酪氨酸133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143CAC CTA ATT A AA GCT TAC ACA CAT TTT CAT TTT               Seq ID No 43
          Hind III色氨酸138至丙氨酸—此引物还在138位上游及下游处引入单一酶切位点。127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142C CGC GTA ATT  TCC GGA GAA CAC CTA ATT AAA GCC GCA ACA CAT TTT CAT
            BspE I143 144 145 146 147TTT  CCC GGG CGC GGC AG                                    Seq ID No 44
  Xma I
突变体以限制酶分析来鉴定,并且W138F及W138Y用DNA测序法予以证实。W138A序列显示在单一的BstEI及XmaI位置间有一个核苷酸被缺失,然而,基因其他部分均正确地测序。将含有W138X及M197T二种突变体的1.37kb SstII/SstI片段从M13MP18中移出,再转入表达载体pBLapr中,可生成pBLapr(W138F,M197T)及pBLapr(W138Y,M197T)。含有单一BspEI及XmaI位置的片段被克隆入pBLapr(BspEI,XmaI,M197T)中,因为可用于138位置上含有其他氨基酸置换的克隆盒。在138氨基酸位置上的单一突变
依循先前实施例的一般方法,可制备W138的某些单一突变体(F,Y,L,H及C)。
在质粒pBLapr(W138X,M197T)中含有M197T突变的1.2kb Asp718-SstI片段(实施例7),用在197上为甲硫氨酸的野型片段加以替代,可生成pBLapr(W138F),pBLapr(W138Y)及pBLapr(BspEI,XmaI)。
利用以下引物,将合成的盒连接至pBLapr(BspEI,XmaI)载体,可制成突变体W138L,W138H及W138C:色氨酸138至亮氨酸CC GGA GAA CAC CTA ATT AAA GCC CTA ACA CAT TTT CAT TTT C
                                                   Seq ID No 45色氨酸138至组氨酸CC GGA GAA CAC CTA ATT AAA GCC CAC ACA CAT TTT CAT TTT C
                                                   Seq ID No 46色氨酸138至半胱氨酸CC GGA GAA CAC CTA ATT AAA GCC TGC ACA CAT TTT CAT TTT C
                                                 Seq ID No 47
将双重突变体M197T/W138F及M197T/W138Y与氯胺-T的反应与野生型进行比较(AA20=0.75毫克/毫升,M197T/W138F=0.64毫克/毫升,M197T/W138Y=0.60毫克/毫升;50mM醋酸钠在pH5.0)。图19所示结果显示,色氨酸138的突变已造成突变体对氯胺-T更具抗性。
序列表(1)一般资料
(i)申请人:Antrim,Richard L.
           Barnett,Christopher
           Mitchinson,Colin
           Power,Scott D.
           Requadt,Carol
           Solheim,Leif P.
(ii)标题:氧化作用稳定的α-淀粉酶
(iii)序列数目:68
(iv)通信地址:
  (A)收信人:Genencor International.Inc.
  (B)街:180Kimball Way
  (C)市:南加州市
  (D)州:CA
  (E)国:美国
  (F)邮编:94080
(v)电脑可读取形式:
  (A)媒体形式:软盘
  (B)电脑:IBM PC兼容型
  (C)操作系统;PC-DOS/MS-DOS
  (D)软件:PatentIn Release#1.0,
           Version#1.25
(vi)目前申请资料:
  (A)申请号
  (B)申请日期
  (C)分类
(viii)律师/代理人资料:
  (A)名称:Horn,Margaret A.
  (B)注册号:33,401
  (C)参考/档案号:GC220-2
(ix)电传资料:
  (A)电话:(415)742-7536
  (B)传真:(415)742-7217(2)SEQ ID NO:1的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:56碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:1:GATCAAAACA TAAAAAACCG GCCTTGGCCC CGCCGGTTTT TTATTATTTT TGAGCT    56(2)SEQ ID NO:2的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:29碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:2:
TGGGACGCTG GCGCAGTACT TTGAATGGT                          29(2)SEQ ID NO:3的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:34碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:3:
TGATGCAGTA CTTTGAATGG TACCTGCCCA ATGA                   34(2)SEQ ID NO:4的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:36碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:4:
GATTATTTGT TGTATGCCGA TATCGACTAT GACCAT(2)SEQ ID NO:5的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:26碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:5:
CGGGGAAGGA GGCCTTTACG GTAGCT(2)SEQ ID NO:6的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:6:
GCGGCTATGA CTTAAGGAAA TTGC(2)SEQ ID NO:7的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:23碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:7:
CTACGGGGAT GCATACGGGA CGA(2)SEQ ID NO:8的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:35碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:8:  CTACGGGGAT TACTACGGGA CCAAGGGAGA CTCCC(2)SEQ ID NO:9的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:36碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:9:CCGGTGGGGC CAAGCGGGCC TATGTTGGCC GGCAAA(2)SEQ ID NO:10的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:45碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:10:CATCAGCGTC CCATTAAGAT TTGCAGCCTG CGCAGACATG TTGCT(2)SEQ ID NO:11的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:36碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:11:GATTATTTGG CGTATGCCGA TATCGACTAT GACCAT(2)SEQ ID NO:12的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:21碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:12:GGGAAGTTTC GAATGAAAAC G(2)SEQ ID NO:13的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:38碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:13:GTCGGCATAT GCATATAATC ATAGTTGCCG TTTTCATT(2)SEQ ID NO:14的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:14:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGA TCTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:15的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:15:  CGAATGAAAA CGGCAAGTAT GATTATTTGT TCTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:16的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:16:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGG TTTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:17的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:17:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGA GCTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:18的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:18:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGC CTTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:19的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:19:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGA CATATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:20的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:20:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGT ACTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:21的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:21:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGC ACTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:22的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:22:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGG GCTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:23的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:23:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGC AATATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:24的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:24:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGA ACTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:25的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:25:GCAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGA AATATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:26的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:26:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGG ATTATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:27的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:27:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGG AATATGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:28的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:28:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGT GTATTGCCGA C(2)SEQ ID NO:29的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:29:  CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT GATTATTTGT GGTATGCCGA C                      41(2)SEQ ID NO:30的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:41碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:30:CGAATGAAAA CGGCAACTAT CATTATTTGA GATATGCCGA C                      41(2)SEQ ID NO:31的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:1968碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:31:AGCTTGAAGA AGTGAAGAAG CAGAGAGGCT ATTGAATAAA TGAGTAGAAA GCGCCATATC  60GGCGCTTTTC TTTTGGAAGA AAATATAGGG AAAATGGTAC TTGTTAAAAA TTCGGAATAT 120TTATACAACA TCATATGTTT CACATTGAAA GGGGAGGAGA ATCATGAAAC AACAAAAACG 180GCTTTACGCC CGATTGCTGA CGCTGTTATT TGCGCTCATC TTCTTGCTGC CTCATTCTGC 240AGCAGCGGCG GCAAATCTTA ATGGGACGCT GATGCAGTAT TTTGAATGGT ACATGCCCAA 300TGACGGCCAA CATTGGAAGC GTTTGCAAAA CGACTCGGCA TATTTGGCTG AACACGGTAT 360TACTGCCGTC TGGATTCCCC CGGCATATAA GGGAACGAGC CAAGCGGATG TGGGCTACGG 420TGCTTACGAC CTTTATGATT TAGGGGAGTT TCATCAAAAA GGGACGGTTC GGACAAAGTA 480CGGCACAAAA GGAGAGCTGC AATCTGCGAT CAAAAGTCTT CATTCCCGCG ACATTAACGT 540TTACGGGGAT GTGGTCATCA ACCACAAAGG CGGCGCTGAT GCGACCGAAG ATGTAACCGC 600GGTTGAAGTC GATCCCGCTG ACCGCAACCG CGTAATTTCA GGAGAACACC TAATTAAAGC 660CTGGACACAT TTTCATTTTC CGGGGCGCGG CAGCACATAC AGCGATTTTA AATGGCATTG 720GTACCATTTT GACGGAACCG ATTGGGACGA GTCCCGAAAG CTGAACCGCA TCTATAAGTT 780TCAAGGAAAG GCTTGGGATT GGGAAGTTTC CAATGAAAAC GGCAACTATG ATTATTTGAT 840GTATGCCGAC ATCGATTATG ACCATCCTGA TGTCGCAGCA GAAATTAAGA GATGGGGCAC 900TTGGTATGCC AATGAACTGC AATTGGACGG TTTCCGTCTT GATGCTGTCA AACACATTAA 960ATTTTCTTTT TTGCGGGATT GGGTTAATCA TGTCAGGGAA AAAACGGGGA AGGAAATGTT 1020TACGGTAGCT GAATATTGGC AGAATGACTT GGGCGCGCTG GAAAACTATT TGAACAAAAC 1080AAATTTTAAT CATTCAGTGT TTGACGTGCC GCTTCATTAT CAGTTCCATG CTGCATCGAC 1140ACAGGGAGGC GGCTATGATA TGAGGAAATT GCTGAACGGT ACGGTCGTTT CCAAGCATCC 1200GTTGAAATCG GTTACATTTG TCGATAACCA TGATACACAG CCGGGGCAAT CGCTTGAGTC 1260GACTGTCCAA ACATGGTTTA AGCCGCTTGC TTACGCTTTT ATTCTCACAA GGGAATCTGG 1320ATACCCTCAG GTTTTCTACG GGGATATGTA CGGGACGAAA GGAGACTCCC AGCGCGAAAT 1380TCCTGCCTTG AAACACAAAA TTGAACCGAT CTTAAAAGCG AGAAAACAGT ATGCGTACGG 1440AGCACAGCAT GATTATTTCG ACCACCATGA CATTGTCGGC TGGACAAGGG AAGGCGACAG 1500CTCGGTTGCA AATTCAGGTT TGGCGGCATT AATAACAGAC GGACCCGGTG GGGCAAAGCG 1560AATGTATGTC GGCCGGCAAA ACGCCGGTGA GACATGGCAT GACATTACCG GAAACCGTTC 1620GGAGCCGGTT GTCATCAATT CGGAAGGCTG GGGAGAGTTT CACGTAAACG GCGGGTCGGT 1680TTCAATTTAT GTTCAAAGAT AGAAGAGCAG AGAGGACGGA TTTCCTGAAG GAAATCCGTT 1740TTTTTATTTT GCCCGTCTTA TAAATTTCTT TGATTACATT TTATAATTAA TTTTAACAAA 1800GTGTCATCAG CCCTCAGGAA GGACTTGCTG ACAGTTTGAA TCGCATAGGT AAGGCGGGGA 1860TGAAATGGCA ACGTTATCTG ATGTAGCAAA GAAAGCAAAT GTGTCGAAAA TGACGGTATC 1920GCGGGTGATC AATCATCCTG AGACTGTGAC GGATGAATTG AAAAAGCT              1968(2)SEQ ID NO:32的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:483个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:32:Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Met Pro1               5                   10                  15Asn Asp Gly Gln His Trp Lys Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp Ser Ala Tyr Leu
        20                  25                  30Ala Glu His Gly Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys Gly
    35                  40                  45Thr Sar Gln Ala Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp Leu
50                  55                  60Gly Glu Phe His Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr Lys65                  70                  75                  80Gly Glu Leu Gln Ser Ala Ile Lys Ser Leu His Ser Arg Asp Ile Asn
            85                  90                  95Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Ile Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr
        100                 105                 110Glu Asp Val Thr Ala Val Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Asp Arg Asn Arg Val
    115                 120                 125Ile Ser Gly Glu His Leu Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr His Phe His Phe Pro
130                 135                 140Gly Arg Gly Ser Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His Trp Tyr His Phe145                 150                 155                 160Asp Gly Thr Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Asn Arg Ile Tyr Lys
            165                 170                 175Phe Gln Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser Asn Glu Asn Gly Asn
        180                 185                 190Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp His Pro Asp Val
    195                 200                 205Ala Ala Glu Ile Lys Arg Trp Gly Thr Trp Tyr Ala Asn Glu Leu Gln
210                 215                 220Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Leu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe225                 230                 235                 240Leu Arg Asp Trp Val Asn His Val Arg Glu Lys Thr Gly Lys Glu Met
            245                 250                 255Phe Thr Val Ala Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asp Leu Gly Ala Leu Glu Asn
        260                 265                 270Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Phe Asn His Ser Val Phe Asp Val Pro Leu
    275                 280                 285His Tyr Gln Phe His Ala Ala Ser Thr Gln Gly Gly Gly Tyr Asp Met
290                 295                 300Arg Lys Leu Leu Asn Gly Thr Val Val Ser Lys His Pro Leu Lys Ser
Figure C9419113800511
305                 310                 315                 320Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro Gly Gln Ser Leu Glu
            325                 330                 335Ser Thr Val Gln Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu
        340                 345                 350Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp Met Tyr Gly
    355                 360                 365Thr Lys Gly Asp Ser Gln Arg Glu Ile Pro Ala Leu Lys His Lys Ile
370                 375                 380Glu Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Lys Gln Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Ala Gln His385                 390                 395                 400Asp Tyr Phe Asp His His Asp Ile Val Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Asp
            405                 410                 415Ser Ser Val Ala Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro
        420                 425                 430Gly Gly Ala Lys Arg Met Tyr Val Gly Arg Gln Asn Ala Gly Glu Thr
    435                 440                 445Trp His Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Glu Pro Val Val Ile Asn Ser
450                 455                 460Glu Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe His Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Ile Tyr465                 470                 475                 480Val Gln Arg(2)SEQ ID NO:33的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:511个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:33:Met Lys Gln Gln Lys Arg Leu Tyr Ala Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Phe1               5                   10                  15Ala Leu Ile Phe Leu Leu Pro His Ser Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Asn Leu
        20                  25                  30Asn Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Met Pro Asn Asp Gly
    35                  40                  45His Trp Lys Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp Ser Ala Tyr Leu Ala Glu His Gly
50                  55                  60Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys Gly Thr Ser Gln Ala65                  70                  75                  80Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe His
            85                  90                  95Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr Lys Gly Glu Leu Gln
        100                 105                 110Ser Ala Ile Lys Ser Leu His Ser Arg Asp Ile Asn Val Tyr Gly Asp
    115                 120                 125Val Val Ile Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr Glu Asp Val Thr
130                 135                 140Ala Val Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Asp Arg Asn Arg Val Ile Ser Gly Glu145                 150                 155                 160His Leu Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr His Phe His Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Ser
            165                 170                 175Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His Trp Tyr His Phe Asp Gly Thr Asp
        180                 185                 190Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Asn Arg Ile Tyr Lys Phe Gln Gly Lys
    195                 200                 205Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser Asn Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu
210                 215                 220Met Tyr Ala Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp His Pro Asp Val Ala Ala Glu Ile225                 230                 235                 240Lys Arg Trp Gly Thr Trp Tyr Ala Asn Glu Leu Gln Leu Asp Gly Phe
            245                 250                 255Arg Leu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe Leu Arg Asp Trp
        260                 265                 270Val Asn His Val Arg Glu Lys Thr Gly Lys Glu Met Phe Thr Val Ala
    275                 280                 285Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asp Leu Gly Ala Leu Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys
290                 295                 300Thr Asn Phe ASn His Ser Val Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Gln Phe305                 3l0                 315                 320His Ala Ala Ser Thr Gln Gly Gly Gly Tyr Asp Met Arg Lys Leu Leu
            325                 330                 335Asn Gly Thr Val Val Ser Lys His Pro Leu Lys Ser Val Thr Phe Val
        340                 345                 350Asp Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro Gly Gln Ser Leu Glu Ser Thr Val Gln
    355                 360                 365Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu Thr Arg Glu Ser
370                 375                 380Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp Met Tyr Gly Thr Lys Gly Asp385                 390                 395                 400Ser Gln Arg Glu Ile Pro Ala Leu Lys His Lys Ile Glu Pro Ile Leu
            405                 410                 415Lys Ala Arg Lys Gln Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Ala Gln His Asp Tyr Phe Asp
        420                 425                 430His His Asp Ile Val Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Asp Ser Ser Val Ala
    435                 440                 445Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro Gly Gly Ala Lys
450                 455                 460Arg Met Tyr Val Gly Arg Gln Asn Ala Gly Glu Thr Trp His Asp Ile465                 470                 475                 480Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Glu Pro Val Val Ile Asn Ser Glu Gly Trp Gly
            485                 490                 495Glu Phe His Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Ile Tyr Val Gln Arg
        500                 505                 510(2)SEQ ID NO:34的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:520个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:34:Met Arg Gly Arg Gly Asn Met Ile Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg Thr Val Ser1               5                   10                  15Phe Arg Leu Val Leu Met Cys Thr Leu Leu Phe Val Ser Leu Pro Ile
        20                  25                  30Thr Lys Thr Ser Ala Val Asn Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp
    35                  40                  45Tyr Thr Pro Asn Asp Gly Gln His Trp Lys Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp Ala
50                  55                  60Glu His Leu Ser Asp Ile Gly Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala65                  70                  75                  80Tyr Lys Gly Leu Ser Gln Ser Asp Asn Gly Tyr Gly Pro Tyr Asp Leu
            85                  90                  95Tyr Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe Gln Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr
        100                 105                 110Gly Thr Lys Ser Glu Leu Gln Asp Ala Ile Gly Ser Leu His Ser Arg
    115                 120                 125Asn Val Gln Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Leu Asn His Lys Ala Gly Ala
130                 135                 140Asp Ala Thr Glu Asp Val Thr Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Ala Asn Arg145                 150                 155                 160Asn Gln Glu Thr Ser Glu Glu Tyr Gln Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr Asp Phe
            165                 170                 175Arg Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His Trp
        180                 185                 190Tyr His Phe Asp Gly Ala Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Ile Ser Arg
    195                 200                 205Ile Phe Lys Phe Arg Gly Glu Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser
210                 215                 220Ser Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Val Asp Tyr225                 230                 235                 240Asp His Pro Asp Val Val Ala Glu Thr Lys Lys Trp Gly Ile Trp Tyr
            245                 250                 255Ala Asn Glu Leu Ser Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Ile Asp Ala Ala Lys His
        260                 265                 270Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe Leu Arg Asp Trp Val Gln Ala Val Arg Gln Ala
    275                 250                 285Thr Gly Lys Glu Met Phe Thr Val Ala Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asn Ala
290                 295                 300Gly Lys Leu Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Ser Phe Asn Gln Ser Val305                 310                 315                 320Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Phe Asn Leu Gln Ala Ala Ser Ser Gln Gly
            325                 330                 335Gly Gly Tyr Asp Met Arg Arg Leu Leu Asp Gly Thr Val Val Ser Arg
        340                 345                 350His Pro Glu Lys Ala Val Thr Phe Val Glu Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro
    355                 360                 365Gly Gln Ser Leu Glu Ser Thr Val Gln Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala
370                 375                 380Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr385                 390                 395                 400Gly Asp Met Tyr Gly Thr Lys Gly Thr Ser Pro Lys Glu Ile Pro Ser
            405                 410                 415Leu Lys Asp Asn Ile Glu Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Lys Glu Tyr Ala
        420                 425                 430Tyr Gly Pro Gln His Asp Tyr Ile Asp His Pro Asp Val Ile Gly Trp
    435                 440                 445Thr Arg Glu Gly Asp Ser Ser Ala Ala Lys Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu
450                 455                 460Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro Gly Gly Ser Lys Arg Met Tyr Ala Gly Leu Lys465                 470                 475                 480Asn Ala Gly Glu Thr Trp Tyr Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Asp Thr
            485                 490                 495Val Lys Ile Gly Ser Asp Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe His Val Asn Asp Gly
        500                 505                 510Ser Val Ser Ile Tyr Val Gln Lys
    515                 520(2)SEQ ID NO:35的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:548个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:35:Val Leu Thr Phe His Arg Ile Ils Arg Lys Gly Trp Met Phe Leu Leu1               5                   10                  15Ala Phe Leu Leu Thr Ala Ser Leu Phe Cys Pro Thr Gly Arg His Ala
        20                  25                  30Lys Ala Ala Ala Pro Phe Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp
    35                  40                  45Tyr Leu Pro Asp Asp Gly Thr Leu Trp Thr Lys Val Ala Asn Glu Ala
50                  55                  60Asn Asn Leu Ser Ser Leu Gly Ile Thr Ala Leu Ser Leu Pro Pro Ala65                  70                  75                  80Tyr Lys Gly Thr Ser Arg Ser Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Val Tyr Asp Leu
            85                  90                  95Tyr Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe Asn Gln Lye Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr
        100                 105                 110Gly Thr Lys Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Ala Ile Gln Ala Ala His Ala Ala
    115                 120                 125Gly Met Gln Val Tyr Ala Asp Val Val Phe Asp His Lys Gly Gly Ala
130                 135                 140Asp Gly Thr Glu Trp Val Asp Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Ser Asp Arg145                 150                 155                 160Asn Gln Glu Ile Ser Gly Thr Tyr Gln Ile Gln Ala Trp Thr Lys Phe
            165                 170                 175Asp Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ser Ser Phe Lys Trp Arg Trp
        180                 185                 190Tyr His Phe Asp Gly Val Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Ser Arg
    195                 200                 205Ile Tyr Lys Phe Arg Gly Ile Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Asp
210                 215                 220Thr Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Leu Asp Met225                 230                 235                 240Asp His Pro Glu Val Val Thr Glu Leu Lys Asn Trp Gly Lys Trp Tyr
            245                 250                 255Val Asn Thr Thr Asn Ile Asp Gly Phe Arg Leu Asp Gly Leu Lys His
        260                 265                 270Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe Phe Pro Asp Trp Leu Ser Tyr Val Arg Ser Gln
    275                 280                 285Thr Gly Lys Pro Leu Phe Thr Val Gly Glu Tyr Trp Ser Tyr Asp Ile
290                 295                 300Asn Lys Leu His Asn Tyr Ile Thr Lys Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Ser Leu305                 310                 315                 320Phe Asp Ala Pro Leu His Asn Lys Phe Tyr Thr Ala Ser Lys Ser Gly
            325                 330                 335Gly Ala Phe Asp Met Arg Thr Leu Met Thr Asn Thr Leu Met Lys Asp
        340                 345                 350Gln Pro Thr Leu Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Asn Pro
    355                 360                 365Ala Lys Arg Cys Ser His Gly Arg Pro Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr
370                 375                 380Ala Phe Ile Leu Thr Arg Gln Glu Gly Tyr Pro Cys Val Phe Tyr Gly385                 390                 395                 400Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Gln Tyr Asn Ile Pro Ser Leu Lys Ser Lys
            405                 410                 415Ile Asp Pro Leu Leu Ile Ala Arg Arg Asp Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Thr Gln
        420                 425                 430His Asp Tyr Leu Asp His Ser Asp Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly
    435                 440                 445Val Thr Glu Lys Pro Gly Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly
450                 455                 460Ala Gly Arg Ser Lys Trp Met Tyr Val Gly Lys Gln His Ala Gly Lys465                 470                 475                 480Val Phe Tyr Asp Leu Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Asp Thr Val Thr Ile Asn
            485                 490                 495Ser Asp Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe Lys Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Val
        500                 505                 510Trp Val Pro Arg Lys Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Ile Ala Arg Pro Ile Thr
    515                 520                 525Thr Arg Pro Trp Thr Gly Glu Phe Val Arg Trp His Glu Pro Arg Leu
530                 535                 540Val Ala Trp Pro545(2)SEQ ID NO:36的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:483个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:36:Ala Asn Leu Ash Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Met Pro1               5                   10                  15Asn Asp Gly Gln His Trp Lys Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp Ser Ala Tyr Leu
        20                  25                  30Ala Glu His Gly Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys Gly
    35                  40                  45Thr Ser Gln Ala Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp Leu
50                  55                  60Gly Glu Phe His Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr Lys65                  70                  75                  80Gly Glu Leu Gln Ser Ala Ile Lys Ser Leu His Ser Arg Asp Ile Asn
            85                  90                  95Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Ile Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr
        100                 105                 110Glu Asp Val Thr Ala Val Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Asp Arg Asn Arg Val
    115                 120                 125Ile Ser Gly Glu His Leu Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr His Phe His Phe Pro
130                 135                 140Gly Arg Gly Ser Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His Trp Tyr His Phe145                 150                 155                 160Asp Gly Thr Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Asn Arg Ile Tyr Lys
            165                 170                 175Phe Gln Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser Asn Glu Asn Gly Asn
        180                 185                 190Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Thr Tyr Ala Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp His Pro Asp Val
    195                 200                 205Ala Ala Glu Ile Lys Arg Trp Gly Thr Trp Tyr Ala Asn Glu Leu Gln
210                 215                 220Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Leu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe225                 230                 235                 240Leu Arg Asp Trp Val Asn His Val Arg Glu Lys Thr Gly Lys Glu Met
            245                 250                 255Phe Thr Val Ala Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asp Leu Gly Ala Leu Glu Asn
        260                 265                 270Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Phe Asn His Ser Val Phe Asp Val Pro Leu
    275                 280                 285His Tyr Gln Phe His Ala Ala Ser Thr Gln Gly Gly Gly Tyr Asp Met
290                 295                 300Arg Lys Leu Leu Asn Gly Thr Val Val Ser Lys His Pro Leu Lys Ser305                 310                 315                 320Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro Gly Gln Ser Leu Glu
            325                 330                 335Ser Thr Val Gln Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu
        340                 345                 350Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp Met Tyr Gly
    355                 360                 365Thr Lys Gly Asp Ser Gln Arg Glu Ile Pro Ala Leu Lys His Lys Ile
370                 375                 380Glu Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Lys Gln Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Ala Gln His385                 390                 395                 400Asp Tyr Phe Asp His His Asp Ile Val Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Asp
            405                 410                 415Ser Ser Val Ala Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro
        420                 425                 430Gly Gly Ala Lys Arg Met Tyr Val Gly Arg Gln Asn Ala Gly Glu Thr
    435                 440                 445Trp His Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Glu Pro Val Val Ile Asn Ser
450                 455                 460Glu Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe His Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Ile Tyr465                 470                 475                 480Val Gln Arg(2)SEQ ID NO:37的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:487个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:37:Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu1               5                   10                  15Trp Tyr Met Pro Asn Asp Gly Gln His Trp Lys Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp
        20                  25                  30Ser Ala Tyr Leu Ala Glu His Gly Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro
    35                  40                  45Ala Tyr Lys Gly Thr Ser Gln Ala Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp
50                  55                  60Leu Tyr Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe His Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys65                  70                  75                  80Tyr Gly Thr Lys Gly Glu Leu Gln Ser Ala Ile Lys Ser Leu His Ser
            85                  90                  95Arg Asp Ile Asn Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Ile Asn His Lys Gly Gly
        100                 105                 110Ala Asp Ala Thr Glu Asp Val Thr Ala Val Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Asp
    115                 120                 125Arg Asn Arg Val Ile Ser Gly Glu His Leu Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr His
130                 135                 140Phe His Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Ser Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His145                 150                 155                 160Trp Tyr His Phe Asp Gly Thr Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Asn
            165                 170                 175Arg Ile Tyr Lys Phe Gln Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser Asn
        180                 185                 190Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp
    195                 200                 205His Pro Asp Val Ala Ala Glu Ile Lys Arg Trp Gly Thr Trp Tyr Ala
210                 215                 220Asn Glu Leu Gln Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Lsu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile225                 230                 235                 240Lys Phe Ser Phe Leu Arg Asp Trp Val Asn His Val Arg Glu Lys Thr
            245                 250                 255Gly Lys Glu Met Phe Thr Val Ala Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asp Leu Gly
        260                 265                 270Ala Leu Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Phe Asn His Ser Val Phe
    275                 280                 285Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Gln Phe His Ala Ala Ser Thr Gln Gly Gly
290                 295                 300Gly Tyr Asp Met Arg Lys Leu Leu Asn Gly Thr Val Val Ser Lys His305                 310                 315                 320Pro Leu Lys Ser Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro Gly
            325                 330                 335Gln Ser Leu Glu Ser Thr Val Gln Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr
        340                 345                 350Ala Phe Ile Leu Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr Gly
    355                 360                 365Asp Met Tyr Gly Thr Lys Gly Asp Ser Gln Arg Glu Ile Pro Ala Leu
370                 375                 380Lys His Lys Ile Glu Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Lys Gln Tyr Ala Tyr385                 390                 395                 400Gly Ala Gln His Asp Tyr Phe Asp His His Asp Ile Val Gly Trp Thr
            405                 410                 415Arg Glu Gly Asp Ser Ser Val Ala Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile
        420                 425                 430Thr Asp Gly Pro Gly Gly Ala Lys Arg Met Tyr Val Gly Arg Gln Asn
    435                 440                 445Ala Gly Glu Thr Trp His Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Glu Pro Val
450                 455                 460Val Ile Asn Ser Glu Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe His Val Asn Gly Gly Ser465                 470                 475                 480Val Ser Ile Tyr Val Gln Arg
            485(2)SEQ ID NO:38的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:32个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:38:Met Lys Gln Gln Lys Arg Leu Thr Ala Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Phe1               5                   10                  15Ala Leu Ile Phe Leu Leu Pro His Ser Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Asn Leu
        20                  25                  30(2)SEQ ID NO:39的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:33个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:39:Met Arg Ser Lys Thr Leu Trp Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu1               5                   10                  15Ile Phe Thr Met Ala Phe Ser Asn Met Ser Ala Gln Ala Ala Gly Lys
        20                  25                  30Ser(2)SEQ ID NO:40的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:35个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:40:Met Arg Ser Lys Thr Leu Trp Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu1               5                   10                  15Ile Phe Thr Met Ala Phe Ser Asn Met Ser Ala Gln Ala Ala Ala Ala
        20                  25                  30Ala Ala Asn
    35(2)SEQ ID NO:41的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:32个氨基酸
  (B)类型:氨基酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:41:Met Arg Ser Lys Thr Leu Trp Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu1               5                   10                  15Ile Phe Thr Met Ala Phe Ser Asn Met Ser Ala Gln Ala Ala Asn Leu
        20                  25                  30(2)SEQ ID NO:42的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:33碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:42:CACCTAATTA AAGCTTTCAC ACATTTTCAT TTT(2)SEQ ID NO:43的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:33碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:43:CACCTAATTA AAGCTTACAC ACATTTTCAT TTT(2)SEQ ID NO:44的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:66碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:44:CCGCGTAATT TCCGGAGAAC ACCTAATTAA AGCCGCAACA CATTTTCATT TTCCCGGGCGCGGCAG(2)SEQ ID NO:45的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:42碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:45:CCGGAGAACA CCTAATTAAA GCCCTAACAC ATTTTCATTT TC(2)SEQ ID NO:46的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:42碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:46:CCGGAGAACA CCTAATTAAA GCCCACACAC ATTTTCATTT TC    42(2)SEQ ID NO:47的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:42碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:47:CCGGAGAACA CCTAATTAAA GCCTGCACAC ATTTTCATTT TC    42(2)SEQ ID NO:48的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:48:GATGCAGTAT TTCGAACTGG  TATA                       24(2)SEQ ID NO:49的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:26碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:49:TGCCCAATGA TGGCCAACAT TGGAAG                           26(2)SEQ ID NO:50的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:50:CGAATGGTAT GCTCCCAATG ACGG                             24(2)SEQ ID NO:51的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:51:CGAATGGTAT CGCCCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:52的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:52:CGAATGGTAT AATCCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:53的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:53:  CGAATGGTAT GATCCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:54的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:54:CGAATGGTAT CACCCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:55的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:55:CGAATGGTAT AAACCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:56的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:56:CGAATGGTAT CCGCCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:57的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:57:CGAATGGTAT TCTCCCAATG ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:58的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
 (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:58:CGAATGGTAC ACTCCCAATG ACGG                     24(2)SEQ ID NO:59的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:59:CGAATGGTAT GTTCCCAATG ACGG                     24(2)SEQ ID NO:60的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:60:  CGAATGGTAT TGTCCCAATG ACGG                   24(2)SEQ ID NO:61的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:61:CGAATGGTAT CAACCCAATG ACGG                   24(2)SEQ ID NO:62的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:62:CGAATGGTAT GAACCCAATG ACGG                     24(2)SEQ ID NO:63的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:63:
CGAATGGTAT GGTCCCAATG  ACGG                           24(2)SEQ ID NO:64的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:64:CGAATGGTAT ATTCCCAATG ACGG                              24(2)SEQ ID NO:65的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:65:
CGAATGGTAT TTTCCCAATG ACGG                        24(2)SEQ ID NO:66的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:66:CGAATGGTAC TGGCCCAATG ACGG                          24(2)SEQ ID NO:67的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:67:CGAATGGTAT TATCCCAATG ACGG                              24(2)SEQ ID NO:68的资料:
(i)序列特性
  (A)长度:24碱基对
  (B)类型:核酸
  (C)股性:单股
  (D)拓扑学:线型
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列说明:SEQ ID NO:68:CCGTCATTGG GACTACGTAC CATT                              24

Claims (26)

1.一种突变体α-淀粉酶,它是编码α-淀粉酶的经突变的DNA序列的表达产物,其特征在于,所述的突变体α-淀粉酶衍生自前体α-淀粉酶,且在相当于地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)α-淀粉酶中的+15和/或+197位处的甲硫氨酸被选自下组的氨基酸替换丙氨酸,异亮氨酸,苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、缬氨酸。
2.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中,在+15和+197位处的甲硫氨酸都被替代。
3.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中置换或缺失是在相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中M+197的位置上。
4.如权利要求3的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中用选自下组的一个氨基酸:丙氨酸,异亮氨酸,苏氨酸及半胱氨酸,置换相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶+197位置处的甲硫氨酸。
5.如权利要求4的突变体α-淀粉酶,其特征在于,突变是M197T。
6.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中置换或缺失发生在相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中M+15的位置上。
7.如权利要求6的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中用选自下组的一个氨基酸:亮氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、缬氨酸及异亮氨酸,置换相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶+15位置处的甲硫氨酸。
8.如权利要求7的突变体α-淀粉酶,突变是M15L。
9.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中,该突变体α-淀粉酶还含有以下突变:前体α-淀粉酶中的色氨酸被缺失或置换。
10.如权利要求9的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中置换或缺失是在相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶中的W138位置上。
11.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中,该突变体α-淀粉酶还以下突变+138处的色氨酸被置换。
12.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中的前体α-淀粉酶是芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶。
13.如权利要求12的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中前体选自下组:地衣芽孢杆菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B.stearothermophilus)及解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)。
14.如权利要求13的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中前体是地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶。
15.如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶,其中前体α-淀粉酶是真菌α-淀粉酶。
16.一种编码如权利要求1所述的突变体α-淀粉酶的DNA。
17.一种含有氨基酸序列如Seq ID No 37所示的α-淀粉酶。
18.一种编码如权利要求17的α-淀粉酶的DNA。
19.一种含有如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶的去污剂组合物。
20.如权利要求19的去污剂组合物,其中突变的位置相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的M197处。
21.如权利要求20的去污剂组合物,它是一种液体,凝胶或颗粒组合物。
22.如权利要求19的去污剂组合物,其特征在于进一步包括有一种以上的额外酶。
23.一种含有如权利要求1的突变体α-淀粉酶的淀粉液化组合物。
24.如权利要求23的淀粉液化组合物,其中突变的位置相当于地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的M15处。
25.一种在pH值为约4至小于约6下液化得自湿磨或干磨方法的颗粒淀粉淤浆的方法,此方法包括:
a)添加有效剂量的如权利要求1的α-淀粉酶突变体至淤浆中;
b)视所需添加有效剂量的抗氧化剂至淤浆中;及
c)将淤浆反应适合的时间及适合的温度以液化淀粉。
26.一种在pH值为约4至小于约6下液化得自湿磨或干磨方法的颗粒淀粉淤浆的改进方法,此方法包括:
a)添加有效剂量的如权利要求9的α-淀粉酶至淤浆中;
b)视所需添加有效剂量的抗氧化剂至淤浆中;及
c)将淤浆反应适合的时间及适合的温度以液化淀粉。
CN94191138A 1993-02-11 1994-02-10 氧化作用稳定的α-淀粉酶 Expired - Lifetime CN1104499C (zh)

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