CN108025048B - 共有的新抗原 - Google Patents
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- CN108025048B CN108025048B CN201680042436.4A CN201680042436A CN108025048B CN 108025048 B CN108025048 B CN 108025048B CN 201680042436 A CN201680042436 A CN 201680042436A CN 108025048 B CN108025048 B CN 108025048B
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Abstract
在此在一个方面中披露了一种包括多种新抗原肽和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物,每种新抗原肽包括能够结合受试者体内的HLA蛋白的肿瘤特异性新表位,每个肿瘤特异性新表位包括肿瘤中存在的肿瘤特异性突变,其中(a)该组合物包括新抗原肽,这些新抗原肽包括在患有癌症的受试者群体中至少1%的受试者中存在的肿瘤特异性突变;(b)该组合物包括新抗原肽,这些新抗原肽包括与该群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的HLA蛋白结合的肿瘤特异性新表位;并且(c)该组合物包括能够针对患有癌症的该受试者群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的肿瘤引发免疫应答的至少一种新抗原肽。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年5月20日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/179,877和于2016年2月23日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/389,377的优先权和权益。
前述申请、以及在其中或在它们的审查程序期间引用的所有文献或(“申请引用文献”)以及在这些申请引用文献中引用或参考的所有文献、以及在此引用或参考的所有文献(“在此引用的文献”)、在此引用的文献中引用或参考的所有文献,连同针对在此提及或通过引用结合在此的任何文献中的任何产品的任何制造商的说明书、说明、产品规格、和产品表,特此通过引用结合在此,并且可以在本发明的实践中采用。更具体地说,所有参考的文献均通过引用并入本文,其程度如同每个单独的文献被确切地并单独地指明通过引用而并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗瘤形成(例如肿瘤)的方法和组合物,特别是使用适用于治疗患有癌症的群体中显著比例的受试者的至少一种新抗原肽。
背景技术
每年大约160万美国人被诊断为具有瘤形成,并且在2013年在美国预期大约580,000人死于该疾病。在过去的几十年里,在检测、诊断和治疗瘤形成方面已经有了显著改善,这已经显著提高了许多类型的瘤形成的存活率。然而,仅有约60%被诊断为具有瘤形成的人在治疗开始之后5年仍存活,这使得瘤形成在美国成为第二大致死原因。
当前,存在许多不同的现有癌症疗法,包括切除技术(例如,外科手术、低温/热处理、超声、射频及放射)以及化学技术(例如,药剂、细胞毒剂/化学治疗剂、单克隆抗体及其不同组合)。不幸的是,此类疗法频繁地与严重的风险、毒副作用和极高的成本以及不确定的疗效相关。
对寻求用患者自己的免疫系统靶向癌性细胞的癌症疗法(例如,癌症疫苗)有越来越大的兴趣,因为此类疗法可以减轻/消除一些在此描述的缺点。癌症疫苗典型地由肿瘤抗原和免疫刺激分子(例如,细胞因子或TLR配体)构成,它们一起工作以诱导靶向并破坏肿瘤细胞的抗原特异性细胞毒性T细胞。当前的癌症疫苗可包含共有的肿瘤抗原,它们是在许多个体中发现的肿瘤中被选择性表达或过表达的天然蛋白质(即–由个体体内的所有正常细胞的DNA编码的蛋白质)。虽然此类共有的肿瘤抗原在鉴定特定类型的肿瘤中是有用的,但是它们作为用于靶向针对特定肿瘤类型的T细胞应答的免疫原是不理想的,因为它们易受自身耐受的免疫抑制作用的影响。包含肿瘤特异性和患者特异性新抗原(neoantigen)的疫苗可以克服包含共有的肿瘤抗原的疫苗的一些缺点。然而,使用患者特异性新抗原需要对个体受试者基因组进行测序并产生包括存在于该个体受试者中的新抗原组合的个性化组合物。因此,仍然需要用于递送癌症疫苗的改进方法和组合物。
本申请中引用或指定任意文献并非承认该文献可以作为本发明的现有技术获得。
发明内容
在下文设定了本发明的优选陈述(特征)和实施例。除非明确地指出相反,如此定义的本发明的每个陈述和实施例都可以与任何其他陈述和/或实施例组合。具体而言,被指示为优选或有利的任何特征都可以与被指示为优选或有利的任何其他一个或多个特征或陈述组合。至此,本发明特别通过以下陈述和实施例中的一个或多个与任何其他陈述和/或实施例的任何一个或任何组合来捕获。
本发明的目的是提供用于通过引发靶向癌症的免疫应答来治疗癌症患者群体的方法和组合物。在一个方面中,本发明涉及包括至少一种新抗原肽和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物,至少一种新抗原肽每种包括能够结合受试者体内的HLA蛋白的肿瘤特异性新表位,每个肿瘤特异性新表位包括肿瘤中存在的肿瘤特异性突变。该组合物可以包括一种新抗原肽。在其他实施例中,该组合物可以包括超过100种新抗原肽。优选地,该组合物包括约20种新抗原肽。该至少一种新抗原肽可以包括肿瘤特异性突变。该突变可能是频发性的。优选地,该突变存在于大比例群体中。频发突变可能是基于患有癌症的受试者群体中至少1%受试者的肿瘤中存在的突变。该组合物可以包括至少一种含有肿瘤特异性新表位的新抗原肽,该肿瘤特异性新表位与患有癌症的受试者群体中的至少5%受试者体内存在的HLA蛋白结合。另外,该组合物可以含有能够针对患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的肿瘤引发免疫应答的至少一种新抗原肽。引发免疫应答的能力是指免疫系统向淋巴细胞呈递抗原的能力。为了使免疫系统呈递抗原,该抗原需要由受试者HLA蛋白质呈递。为了引发针对肿瘤的免疫应答,该肿瘤需要包含导致该抗原表达的突变。为了使该组合物为有需要的群体提供益处,该群体必须包括表达能够结合存在于该组合物中的至少一种新抗原肽的HLA等位基因的受试者,并且该群体必须包括含有肿瘤的受试者,所述肿瘤具有导致该新抗原肽中存在的新抗原表位的突变。
该组合物可对共有一个特征的患有癌症的受试者群体是特异性的。该群体可具有癌症或可具有特定的癌症。该群体可共有一组常见HLA亚型。基于人种,他们可共有HLA亚型。不受理论的束缚,群体中HLA类型的百分比可以基于人种进行预测而无需测试。不受理论的束缚,不同群体表达能够结合不同新抗原肽的不同HLA类型。因此,可以配制用以为所述群体的大比例提供益处的组合物,而该组合物不会为另一个群体提供益处。不受理论的束缚,不同的癌症含有不同的突变,并且因此与具有超过一种类型的癌症的群体相比,针对特定癌症定制的组合物可以用于为具有一种类型的癌症的群体提供更大的益处。在一个实施例中,该群体患有肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)、膀胱尿路上皮癌(BLCA)、乳腺浸润癌(BRCA)、宫颈鳞状细胞癌和宫颈腺癌(CESC)、结肠腺癌(COAD)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、结直肠癌(CRC)、弥散性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、多形性成胶质细胞瘤(GBM)、头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSC)、肾嫌色细胞癌(KICH)、肾脏肾透明细胞癌(KIRC)、肾脏肾乳头状细胞癌(KIRP)、急性髓性白血病(LAML)、肝脏肝细胞癌(LIHC)、肺腺癌(LUAD)、肺鳞状细胞癌(LUSC)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、卵巢浆液性囊腺癌(OV)、胰腺癌(PAAD)、前列腺腺癌(PRAD)、直肠腺癌(READ)、皮肤黑色素瘤(SKCM)、胃腺癌(STAD)、睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤(TGCT)、甲状腺腺癌(THCA)、子宫体子宫内膜样癌(UCEC)或子宫癌肉瘤(UCS)。
在一个实施例中,该受试者群体患有CLL;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“CLL”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组六个中的至少一个将在CLL群体中的17.49%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可患有BLCA,该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“BLCA”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组六个中的至少一个将在该群体中的26.92%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有BRCA;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“BRCA”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组18个中的至少一个将在该群体中的36.04%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有COAD;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“COAD”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组三个中的至少一个将在该群体中的27.14%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有GBM;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“GBM”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组14个中的至少一个将在该群体中的34.36%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有HNSC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“HNSC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组10个中的至少一个将在该群体中的21.61%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有KIRC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“KIRC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组四个中的至少一个将在该群体中的6%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有LAML;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“LAML”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组11个中的至少一个将在该群体中的47.45%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有LUAD;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“LUAD”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组11个中的至少一个将在该群体中的33.42%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有LUSC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“LUSC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组两个中的至少一个将在该群体中的7.87%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有OV;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“OV”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组十个中的至少一个将在该群体中的22.78%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有READ;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“READ”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组两个中的至少一个将在该群体中的20.51%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有SKCM;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“SKCM”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组64个中的至少一个将在该群体中的90.91%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有UCEC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“UCEC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组30个中的至少一个将在该群体中的67.74%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有ACC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“ACC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组161个中的至少一个将在该群体中的50%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有CESC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“CESC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组四个中的至少一个将在该群体中的23.71%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有CRC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“CRC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组15个中的至少一个将在该群体中的56.65%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有DLBCL;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“DLBCL”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组2个中的至少一个将在该群体中的13.79%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有KICH;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“KICH”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组24个中的至少一个将在该群体中的50%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有KIRP;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“KIRP”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组九个中的至少一个将在该群体中的42.24%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有LIHC;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“LIHC”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组2个中的至少一个将在该群体中的6.57%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有MM;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“MM”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组6个中的至少一个将在该群体中的23.9%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有PRAD;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“PRAD”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组24个中的至少一个将在该群体中的39.85%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有STAD;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“STAD”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组150个中的至少一个将在该群体中的48.79%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有TGCT;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“TGCT”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组14个中的至少一个将在该群体中的51.61%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有THCA;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“THCA”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组五个中的至少一个将在该群体中的69.88%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有UCS;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“UCS”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组两个中的至少一个将在该群体中的16.07%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体可能患有PAAD;该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括表8中的突变与“PAAD”的示例性疾病的任何组合;并且该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变的一组53个中的至少一个将在该群体中的50%的受试者中发现。该受试者群体也可能患有实体瘤。实体瘤可以是透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)、黑色素瘤、肉瘤,或膀胱癌、结肠癌、脑癌、乳癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌。该受试者群体可能患有液体瘤。该液体瘤可以是非何杰金氏淋巴瘤或白血病。
在另一个实施例中,该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变在患有癌症的受试者群体中一年有至少500名患者的发生率,并且其中该至少一个突变可以是针对表9中的群体列出的突变。该至少一种新抗原肽可以是表9中列出的至少一种肽。
在另一个实施例中,患有癌症的群体正在用药物或疗法进行治疗。患有癌症的群体可先前曾、目前正在或被选择为有待用依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK或抗雌激素疗法进行治疗。
在另一个实施例中,该组合物包括能够针对患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的受试者中存在的肿瘤引发免疫应答的至少一种新抗原肽。
在另一个实施例中,该群体中至少5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的受试者具有存在于该组合物中的至少一个肿瘤特异性突变;并且该群体中至少5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的受试者具有与该组合物中存在的肿瘤特异性新表位结合的至少一种HLA蛋白。
在一个实施例中,该肿瘤特异性突变包括剪接变体突变、点突变和/或移码突变。在另一个实施例中,该肿瘤特异性突变包括药物抗性突变。在一个实施例中,该新抗原肽不仅包括所得的突变的新抗原蛋白质序列,而且还包括围绕并包括该突变的长肽区域,并且包括其内的所有连续区段(参见表1-4)。在一个实施例中,该肿瘤特异性突变存在于编码选自下组的蛋白质的一个或多个基因中,该组由以下各项组成:程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)、雄激素受体(AR)、布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶(BTK)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、BCR-Abl、c-kit、PIK3CA、HER2、EML4-ALK、KRAS、ALK、ROS1、AKT1、BRAF、MEK1、MEK2、NRAS、RAC1和ESR1。在一个实施例中,该肿瘤特异性突变存在于在此呈现的任何表中列出的一个或多个基因中。在一个实施例中,该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变源自PD-L1或AR的可变剪接。在一个实施例中,该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变源自剪接变体sPD-L1、AR-V1或AR-V7。在一个实施例中,该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变是选自下组的药物抗性突变,该组由以下各项组成:BTK/C481S、EGFR/T790M、BCR-Abl/T315I、BCR-Abl/Y253H、BCR-Abl/E255K、BCR-Abl/E255V、c-kit/T670I、PIK3CA/E545K、PIK3CA/E542K、HER2/G776(YVMA)、HER2/E545K、EML4-ALK/G1269A、KRAS/G12V/D、ALK/L1196M、ALK/G1202R、ALK/S1206Y、ALK/1151T(ins)、ALK/F1174C、ROS1/G2032R、AKT1/E17K、BRAF/V600E、MEK1/Q56P、MEK1/E203K、MEK1/C121S、MEK1/V60E、MEK1/G128V、MEK1/V154I、MEK1/P124S、MEK1/P124L、NRAS/Q61K/L/R、NRAS/T58I、MEK2/C125S、RAC1/P29S、ESR1/S463P、AR/V534E、AR/P535H、AR/L536Q、AR/L536R、AR/Y537C、AR/Y537S、AR/Y537N、AR/D538G和AR/F876L。在一个实施例中,药物抗性突变是通过用依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK或抗雌激素疗法进行的治疗来诱导。在另一个实施例中,受试者在治疗之前具有药物抗性突变。
在另一个实施例中,该组合物包括至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20种新抗原肽。该组合物可以包括15至20种新抗原肽。该组合物可以包括大于100、200或300种新抗原肽。每种新抗原肽的长度可以是从约5至约50个氨基酸。
在另一个实施例中,该药物组合物是免疫原性组合物或疫苗组合物。该药物组合物可以进一步包括免疫调节剂或佐剂。该免疫调节剂或佐剂可选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚-ICLC、1018ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CpG7909、CyaA、环二核苷酸如STING、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、咪喹莫特、ImuFact IMP321、IS Patch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、Juvlmmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、蒙塔尼德(Montanide)IMS 1312、蒙塔尼德ISA 206、蒙塔尼德ISA50V、蒙塔尼德ISA-51、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ONTAK、载体系统、PLGA微粒子、瑞喹莫德、SRL172、病毒体和其他病毒样粒子、YF-17D、VEGF陷阱、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys和阿奎拉QS21刺激子(Aquila's QS21 stimulon)。
在另一个实施例中,该药物组合物包括一种或多种如表1、2、3或4中定义的新抗原肽。
在一个实施例中,每个肿瘤特异性新表位以小于500nM的KD结合HLA-A、HLA-B或HLA-C或者HLADRB,HLADBM XXXXX。
在另一个方面中,本发明涉及通过向受试者给予如在此描述的任何药物组合物来治疗或预防有需要的受试者的肿瘤的方法。
在一个实施例中,提供了治疗或预防有需要的患者的肿瘤的方法,该方法包括向患者给予包括至少一种新抗原肽和药学上可接受的载体的组合物,至少一种新抗原肽每种包括能够结合受试者体内的HLA蛋白的肿瘤特异性新表位,每个肿瘤特异性新表位包括肿瘤中存在的肿瘤特异性突变,其中该组合物包括至少一种新抗原肽,该至少一种新抗原肽包括在患有癌症的受试者群体中至少1%的受试者的肿瘤中存在的肿瘤特异性突变;该组合物包括含肿瘤特异性新表位的至少一种新抗原肽,该肿瘤特异性新表位与患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的HLA蛋白结合;并且该组合物包括能够针对患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的肿瘤引发免疫应答的至少一种新抗原肽。
在一个实施例中,该受试者群体患有肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)、膀胱尿路上皮癌(BLCA)、乳腺浸润癌(BRCA)、宫颈鳞状细胞癌和宫颈腺癌(CESC)、结肠腺癌(COAD)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、结直肠癌(CRC)、弥散性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、多形性成胶质细胞瘤(GBM)、头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSC)、肾嫌色细胞癌(KICH)、肾脏肾透明细胞癌(KIRC)、肾脏肾乳头状细胞癌(KIRP)、急性髓性白血病(LAML)、肝脏肝细胞癌(LIHC)、肺腺癌(LUAD)、肺鳞状细胞癌(LUSC)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、卵巢浆液性囊腺癌(OV)、胰腺癌(PAAD)、前列腺腺癌(PRAD)、直肠腺癌(READ)、皮肤黑色素瘤(SKCM)、胃腺癌(STAD)、睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤(TGCT)、甲状腺腺癌(THCA)、子宫体子宫内膜样癌(UCEC)或子宫癌肉瘤(UCS)。在一个实施例中,该受试者群体患有实体瘤。实体瘤可以是透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)、黑色素瘤、肉瘤,或膀胱癌、结肠癌、脑癌、乳癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌。在一个实施例中,该受试者群体患有液体瘤。该液体瘤可以是非何杰金氏淋巴瘤或白血病。
在一个实施例中,患有癌症的群体曾经、正在或被选择为有待用依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK或抗雌激素疗法进行治疗。
在一个实施例中,该至少一种新抗原肽能够针对患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的受试者中存在的肿瘤引发免疫应答的至少一种新抗原肽。在一个实施例中,该群体中至少5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的受试者具有该组合物中存在的至少一个肿瘤特异性突变,并且该群体中至少5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的受试者具有结合该组合物中存在的肿瘤特异性新表位的至少一种HLA蛋白质。
在另一个实施例中,肿瘤特异性突变包括剪接变体突变、点突变和/或移码突变。肿瘤特异性突变可以是药物抗性突变。肿瘤特异性突变可存在于编码选自下组的蛋白质的一个或多个基因中,该组由以下各项组成:程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)、雄激素受体(AR)、布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶(BTK)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、BCR-Abl、c-kit、PIK3CA、HER2、EML4-ALK、KRAS、ALK、ROS1、AKT1、BRAF、MEK1、MEK2、NRAS、RAC1和ESR1。肿瘤特异性突变可以存在于这些表格的任一个中列出的一个或多个基因中。该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变可以源自PD-L1或AR的可变剪接。该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变可以源自剪接变体sPD-L1、AR-V1或AR-V7。
在一个实施例中,该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变是选自下组的药物抗性突变,该组由以下各项组成:BTK/C481S、EGFR/T790M、BCR-Abl/T315I、BCR-Abl/Y253H、BCR-Abl/E255K、BCR-Abl/E255V、c-kit/T670I、PIK3CA/E545K、PIK3CA/E542K、HER2/G776(YVMA)、HER2/E545K、EML4-ALK/G1269A、KRAS/G12V/D、ALK/L1196M、ALK/G1202R、ALK/S1206Y、ALK/1151T(ins)、ALK/F1174C、ROS1/G2032R、AKT1/E17K、BRAF/V600E、MEK1/Q56P、MEK1/E203K、MEK1/C121S、MEK1/V60E、MEK1/G128V、MEK1/V154I、MEK1/P124S、MEK1/P124L、NRAS/Q61K/L/R、NRAS/T58I、MEK2/C125S、RAC1/P29S、ESR1/S463P、AR/V534E、AR/P535H、AR/L536Q、AR/L536R、AR/Y537C、AR/Y537S、AR/Y537N、AR/D538G和AR/F876L。药物抗性突变可以通过用依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK或抗雌激素疗法进行的治疗来诱导。
在另一个实施例中,该组合物包括至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20种新抗原肽。在一个优选的实施例中,该组合物包括15至20种新抗原肽。
在另一个实施例中,每种新抗原肽长度是从约5个至约50个氨基酸。
在另一个实施例中,该组合物是免疫原性组合物或疫苗组合物。例如,该免疫原性或疫苗组合物可以包括免疫调节剂或佐剂。该免疫调节剂或佐剂可选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚-ICLC、1018ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CpG7909、CyaA、环二核苷酸如STING、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、咪喹莫特、ImuFact IMP321、IS Patch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、Juvlmmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、蒙塔尼德(Montanide)IMS 1312、蒙塔尼德ISA 206、蒙塔尼德ISA 50V、蒙塔尼德ISA-51、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ONTAK、载体系统、PLGA微粒子、瑞喹莫德、SRL172、病毒体和其他病毒样粒子、YF-17D、VEGF陷阱、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys和阿奎拉QS21刺激子(Aquila's QS21stimulon)。
在一个实施例中,该组合物包括一种或多种如表1、2、3或4中定义的新抗原肽。
在一个实施例中,每个肿瘤特异性新表位以小于500nM的KD结合HLA-A、HLA-B或HLA-C或者HLADRB,HLADBM XXXXX。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供癌症预防性治疗的方法,该方法包括为有需要的患者选择癌症药物,该药物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK和抗雌激素疗法;并且在可以检测到药物抗性突变之前向该受试者预防性地给予包括源自与所选择的癌症药物相关的药物抗性突变的新抗原肽的药物组合物。
可以经由子组合物给予该共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物,每一子组合物包含一部分新抗原,并且这些子组合物可以被给予至受试者或患者身上的不同位置;例如,包含20种不同新抗原的组合物可以分成四个(4个)子组合物给予,每个子组合物包含20种不同新抗原中的5种,并且可以给予这这四个(4个)子组合物,以向患者的单独组的引流淋巴结递送每一子组合物,例如至每一条胳膊和每一条腿(例如患者的每一侧上的大腿或上部大腿或接近臀部或下背部),以尽力向患者或受试者的每组引流淋巴结递送较少的新抗原,并且从而限制新抗原之间的竞争。当然,位置数和由此的子组合物数可以变化,例如熟练的从业者可以考虑到在脾或其附近的给予具有第五个点的给予,并且熟练的从业者可以改变位置,这样使得仅使用四肢中的一个、两个或三个(例如每条胳膊和一条腿、每条腿和一条胳膊、每条腿和没有胳膊、或仅两条胳膊)。以上述不同间隔给予的共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物可以是不同配制品,并且在单次给予期间,在受试者或患者身上的不同位置给予的子组合物可以是不同的组合物。例如,可以首先给予共有的全部新抗原免疫原性组合物并且接下来或稍后给予具有一种或多种抗原的体内表达的载体(例如病毒载体或质粒)。同样地,在对患者或受试者身上的不同位置的不同子组合物的给予中,一些子组合物可以包括全抗原并且一些子组合物可以包括具有一种或多种抗原的体内表达的载体(例如病毒载体或质粒)。并且一些组合物和子组合物可以包括具有一种或多种抗原的体内表达的一种或多种载体(例如病毒载体或质粒)和全抗原这二者。具有一种或多种抗原的体内表达的载体(例如痘病毒)可以具有免疫刺激的或佐剂的作用,并且因此包含此类载体的组合物或子组合物可以是自身为佐剂的。而且,通过证明抗原是如何呈递给免疫系统的性质,这些给予可以是“初免”并且然后“加强”免疫系统。并且在此文中,当提到“疫苗”时,旨在指本发明包含免疫原性组合物,并且当提到患者或受试者时,旨在指这样一个个体是对在此披露的治疗、给予、组合物以及总体主题发明存在需要的患者或受试者。
此外,本发明适用于使用任何类型的表达载体,例如病毒表达载体,例如痘病毒(例如正痘病毒或禽痘病毒(avipoxvirus),例如牛痘病毒,包括修饰的安卡拉痘苗或MVA、MVA-BN、NYVAC(根据WO-A-92/15672),鸡痘(fowlpox),例如TROVAX,金丝雀痘,例如ALVAC(WO-A-95/27780和WO-A-92/15672)鸽痘病毒,猪痘以及类似物),腺病毒,AAV疱疹病毒,和慢病毒;或质粒或DNA或核酸分子载体。为细胞质的一些载体,例如痘病毒载体,会是有利的。然而,在本发明的实践中,使用腺病毒、AAV和慢病毒也会是有利的。
在即用的尤其是重构的共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物中,该载体,例如病毒载体,从本披露和本领域知识(例如在本文引用的专利和科学文献中),是以技术人员的范围内的量存在的。
全抗原或载体,例如重组活疫苗可以允许其储存并且在使用前立即在溶剂或赋形剂中重构的冷冻干燥形式存在,该溶剂或赋形剂可以包括如在此讨论的佐剂。
因此本发明的主题还是疫苗接种或免疫装置或试剂盒,该装置或试剂盒包括分开包装的、冷冻干燥的疫苗和溶液,有利地包括如在此讨论的用于重构冷冻干燥的疫苗的佐剂化合物。
本发明的主题还是疫苗接种或免疫的方法,该方法包括或基本上由以下项组成或由以下项组成:例如通过肠胃外的,优选是皮下的、肌内的或皮内的途径,或通过粘膜的途径,以一个或多个给予的比率,给予根据本发明所述的疫苗或免疫原性组合物。任选地,这一方法包括在溶液(有利地还包括佐剂)中,重构冷冻干燥的共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物(例如,如果冻干的全抗原或载体)的预备步骤。
在一个实施例中,关于每一新抗原肽,按约10μg至1mg每70kg个体的剂量,给予共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物。在另一个实施例中,关于每一新抗原肽,按约10μg至2000μg每70kg个体的平均周剂量水平,给予共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物。在另一个相关的实施例中,给药是静脉内的。在一个实施例中,静脉内或皮下给予共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物。
在另一个实施例中,该方法进一步包括(a)从每个受试者获得肿瘤组织样品;(b)在样品中检测这些肿瘤特异性突变中的一个或多个;并且(c)如果在来自该受试者的样品中检测到这些肿瘤特异性突变中的至少一个,则从该受试者群体中选择受试者来用该至少一种新抗原肽进行治疗。
在另一个实施例中,该方法进一步包括(a)确定每个受试者中存在的HLA同种异型;(b)如果该受试者中存在的一个或多个HLA同种异型与存在于该至少一种新抗原肽中的一种或多种肿瘤特异性新表位相结合,则从该受试者群体中选择受试者来用该至少一种新抗原肽进行治疗。
本发明的实施例涉及使用共有的新抗原的组合物和方法,这些抗原(与源自在肿瘤中差异表达的基因的共有的天然(非突变)抗原不同)具有理想的性质,如不受中枢耐受的免疫抑制作用的影响和具有高肿瘤特异性。这是因为这些新抗原仅在肿瘤组织中表达,例如,是由肿瘤特异性突变或剪接缺陷产生的。此类剪接变体或突变可跨多个HLA等位基因产生免疫原性表位,因此覆盖了该群体的显著比例。此外,因为这些突变可存在于显著比例的患有癌症的受试者中,所以在此描述的组合物不需要对受试者的全基因组进行测序,并且可以用作用以治疗多个受试者的“现成(off-the-shelf)”产品。例如,该方法可以简单地涉及在来自受试者的肿瘤样品中检测该组合物中存在的一种或多种特定突变,并将该组合物给予体内存在至少一个突变的受试者。这与使用患者特异性新抗原混合物的方法相反,后者需要每个受试者的全基因组或全外显子组测序以及个性化治疗组合物的生产。
其他实施例涉及如下的联合疗法,其中使用本发明的共有的新抗原组合物的治疗方法与当前的药物方案配合使用。该共有的新抗原组合物可以预防性给予。在一个实施例中,在可以检测到耐药突变之前,将有需要的患者用化学疗法和/或靶向疗法与共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物组合进行治疗。该共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物可以被定制为包括对与所选疗法相关的抗性突变具有特异性的新抗原肽。在另一个实施例中,在用化学疗法和/或靶向疗法治疗受试者之前给予该共有的新抗原组合物,以在此类细胞发育之前对携带药物抗性突变的细胞产生免疫应答。给予可以连续地或依次或者基本上相同的时间或基本上同时进行。例如,该共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物的给予和癌症疗法的给予可以在大约相同的时间或基本上同时进行。可替代地,可以按一个时间表,例如每周、每两周、每三周、每月、每两月、每季度(每三个月)、每三分之一年(每四个月)、每五个月、每年两次(每六个月)、每七个月、每八个月、每九个月、每十个月、每十一个月、每年等,来给予该共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物,并且癌症疗法的给予可以按不同的对于该疗法而言典型的时间表进行,这样使得该受试者或患者具有同时进行的两个不同的治疗方案,并且该共有的新抗原免疫原性组合物的给予和癌症疗法的给予可以依次或连续地进行。在优选的实施例中,受试者可以用依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK或抗雌激素疗法来治疗。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了通过确定患者样品中本发明的至少一种新抗原肽的存在来早期检测和追踪癌症进展的诊断方法。患者样品可源自血液、痰、唾液、尿、肿瘤组织、淋巴液、精液或粪便。
在一个实施例中,该诊断方法是在给予在此描述的共有的新抗原组合物之前使用。该诊断方法可以包括比较在用癌症疗法和/或该共有的新抗原组合物治疗期间取得的一系列至少两个样品中共有的新抗原突变的量。不受理论束缚,可以使用共有的新抗原突变的增加或减少来确定治疗功效。
在一个实施例中,可以使用基于PCR的方法或测序来检测突变的基因。逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)可用于检测转录的新抗原基因中的突变。另外,任何测序技术都可以用来确定突变的存在。在一个优选的实施例中,使用了焦磷酸测序。本发明还提供了一种试剂盒,其包括对包含这些新抗原突变的序列具有特异性的引物。
在另一个实施例中,通过免疫学检测方法检测突变的基因。对这些共有的新抗原突变具有特异性的抗体可用于检测这些突变。这些抗体可结合至阵列。该阵列可以包括用以检测本发明的超过一种共有的新抗原突变的抗体。这些抗体可配置用于ELISA分析中。因此,可以提供包括特异性地识别本发明的共有的新抗原的抗体的组合物或试剂盒。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了治疗或预防有需要的受试者群体中的肿瘤的方法,该方法包括向受试者给予如下的药剂,该药剂包括识别肿瘤特异性新表位的细胞外配体结合结构域,该肿瘤特异性新表位包括在该群体中发生率为至少1%的肿瘤特异性突变。该药剂可以是抗体、抗体片段、抗体药物缀合物、适配体、CAR或T细胞受体。该抗体或抗体片段可以是人源化的、完全人源化的或嵌合的。该抗体片段可以是纳米抗体、Fab、Fab'、(Fab')2、Fv、ScFv、双体抗体、三体抗体、四体抗体、双-scFv、迷你抗体、Fab2、或Fab3片段。肿瘤特异性突变可以是表9中针对任何群体列出的突变。肿瘤特异性突变可以在含有细胞外结构域的基因内。肿瘤特异性突变可以是FGFR3 S249C、ERBB3 V104M、EGFR L858R、MUC4H4205Q、PDGFRA R483fs、TMEM52 23_26LLPL>L、或PODXL 28_30PSP>P。肿瘤特异性突变可以在细胞外结构域内。肿瘤特异性突变包括FGFR3 S249C或ERBB3 V104M。不受理论束缚,具有细胞外结构域的蛋白质中新表位的存在允许该新表位存在于细胞表面。不受理论束缚,细胞外结构域中新表位的存在允许该新表位存在于细胞表面。
本发明进一步通过如下编号段落进行描述。
1.一种包括表1-9中定义的肿瘤特异性新表位的分离的新抗原肽,其中该分离的新抗原肽不是天然多肽。
2.一种长度为100个氨基酸或更少的分离的新抗原肽,其包括表1-9中定义的肿瘤特异性新表位。
3.如段落1或2所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度在约5至约50个氨基酸之间。
4.如段落1-3中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度在约15至约35个氨基酸之间。
5.如段落4所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度为约15个氨基酸或更少。
6.如段落5所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度在约8和约11个氨基酸之间。
7.如段落6所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度为9或10个氨基酸。
8.如段落1-7中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其结合主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类。
9.如段落8所述的分离的新抗原肽,其以小于约500nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类。
10.如段落1-3中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度为约30个氨基酸或更少。
11.如段落10所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度在约6和约25个氨基酸之间。
12.如段落11所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度在约15和约24个氨基酸之间。
13.如段落11所述的分离的新抗原肽,其长度在约9和约15个氨基酸之间。
14.如段落1-3和10-13中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其结合MHC II类。
15.如段落14所述的分离的新抗原肽,其以小于约1000nM的结合亲和力结合MHCII类。
16.如段落1-15中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其进一步包括侧翼氨基酸。
17.如段落16所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中这些侧翼氨基酸不是天然的侧翼氨基酸。
18.如段落1-17中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其与至少第二新抗原肽连接。
19.如段落18所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中肽使用聚-甘氨酸或聚-丝氨酸接头连接。
20.如段落18或19所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中该第二新抗原肽以小于约1000nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类或II类。
21.如段落20所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中该第二新抗原肽以小于约500nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类或II类。
22.如段落20或21所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中两个新表位都结合人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-A、-B、-C、-DP、-DQ或-DR。
23.如段落20-22中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中该分离的新抗原肽和该第二新抗原肽结合I类HLA,或者该分离的新抗原肽和该第二新抗原肽结合II类HLA。
24.如段落20-22中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中该分离的新抗原肽结合II类HLA,并且该第二新抗原肽结合I类HLA,或者该分离的新抗原肽结合I类HLA,并且该第二新抗原肽结合II类HLA。
25.如段落1-24中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽,其进一步包括增加体内半衰期、细胞靶向、抗原摄取、抗原加工、MHC亲和力、MHC稳定性或抗原呈递的修饰。
26.如段落25所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中该修饰是与载体蛋白缀合、与配体缀合、与抗体缀合、PEG化、聚唾液酸化HES化、重组PEG模拟物、Fc融合、白蛋白融合、纳米粒子附着、纳米微粒包囊、胆固醇融合、铁融合、酰化、酰胺化、糖基化、侧链氧化、磷酸化、生物素化、添加表面活性物质、添加氨基酸模拟物或添加非天然氨基酸。
27.如段落25所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中靶向的细胞是抗原呈递细胞。
28.如段落27所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中这些抗原呈递细胞是树突细胞。
29.如段落29所述的分离的新抗原肽,其中使用CD141、DEC205或XCR1标记物靶向这些树突细胞。
30.一种包括至少一种新抗原肽和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物,至少一种新抗原肽每种包括能够结合受试者体内的HLA蛋白的肿瘤特异性新表位,每个肿瘤特异性新表位包括肿瘤中存在的肿瘤特异性突变,其中:
(a)该组合物包括至少一种新抗原肽,该至少一种新抗原肽包括在患有癌症的受试者群体中至少1%的受试者的肿瘤中存在的肿瘤特异性突变;
(b)该组合物包括含肿瘤特异性新表位的至少一种新抗原肽,该肿瘤特异性新表位与患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的HLA蛋白结合;或
(c)该组合物包括能够针对患有癌症的受试者群体中至少5%的受试者中存在的肿瘤引发免疫应答的至少一种新抗原肽。
31.如段落30所述的药物组合物,其中该受试者群体患有肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)、膀胱尿路上皮癌(BLCA)、乳腺浸润癌(BRCA)、宫颈鳞状细胞癌和宫颈腺癌(CESC)、结肠腺癌(COAD)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、结直肠癌(CRC)、弥散性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、多形性成胶质细胞瘤(GBM)、头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSC)、肾嫌色细胞癌(KICH)、肾脏肾透明细胞癌(KIRC)、肾脏肾乳头状细胞癌(KIRP)、急性髓性白血病(LAML)、肝脏肝细胞癌(LIHC)、肺腺癌(LUAD)、肺鳞状细胞癌(LUSC)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、卵巢浆液性囊腺癌(OV)、胰腺癌(PAAD)、前列腺腺癌(PRAD)、直肠腺癌(READ)、皮肤黑色素瘤(SKCM)、胃腺癌(STAD)、睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤(TGCT)、甲状腺腺癌(THCA)、子宫体子宫内膜样癌(UCEC)或子宫癌肉瘤(UCS)。
32.如段落30或31所述的药物组合物,其中患有癌症的群体曾经、正在或被选择为有待用癌症治疗剂,任选地依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK抑制剂或抗雌激素疗法进行治疗。
33.如段落30-33中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中肿瘤特异性突变包括剪接变体突变、点突变和/或移码突变。
34.如段落30-33中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该至少一种新抗原肽包括源自长肽区的至少一种新抗原肽,该长肽区侧翼于并包括该肿瘤特异性突变,并且其中包括该长肽内的所有连续区段。
35.如段落30-34中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中肿瘤特异性突变存在于表1-9中所列的一个或多个基因中。
36.如段落30-35中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该组合物包括至少一种如表1-9中任一项所定义的新抗原肽。
37.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中肿瘤特异性突变存在于编码选自下组的蛋白质的一个或多个基因中,该组由以下各项组成:程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)、雄激素受体(AR)、布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶(BTK)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、BCR-Abl、c-kit、PIK3CA、HER2、EML4-ALK、KRAS、ALK、ROS1、AKT1、BRAF、MEK1、MEK2、NRAS、RAC1和ESR1。
38.如段落37所述的药物组合物,其中至少一个肿瘤特异性突变源自PD-L1或AR的可变剪接。
39.如段落38所述的药物组合物,其中至少一个肿瘤特异性突变源自剪接变体sPD-L1、AR-V1或AR-V7。
40.如段落30-39中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中肿瘤特异性突变包括药物抗性突变。
41.如段落40所述的药物组合物,其中至少一个肿瘤特异性突变是选自下组的药物抗性突变,该组由以下各项组成:BTK/C481S、EGFR/T790M、BCR-Abl/T315I、BCR-Abl/Y253H、BCR-Abl/E255K、BCR-Abl/E255V、c-kit/T670I、PIK3CA/E545K、PIK3CA/E542K、HER2/G776(YVMA)、HER2/E545K、EML4-ALK/G1269A、KRAS/G12V/D、ALK/L1196M、ALK/G1202R、ALK/S1206Y、ALK/1151T(ins)、ALK/F1174C、ROS1/G2032R、AKT1/E17K、BRAF/V600E、MEK1/Q56P、MEK1/E203K、MEK1/C121S、MEK1/V60E、MEK1/G128V、MEK1/V154I、MEK1/P124S、MEK1/P124L、NRAS/Q61K/L/R、NRAS/T58I、MEK2/C125S、RAC1/P29S、ESR1/S463P、AR/V534E、AR/P535H、AR/L536Q、AR/L536R、AR/Y537C、AR/Y537S、AR/Y537N、AR/D538G和AR/F876L。
42.如段落30-41中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变在患有癌症的受试者群体中一年有至少500名患者的发生率,并且其中该至少一个突变包括针对表9中的群体列出的突变。
43.如段落42所述的药物组合物,其中该至少一种新抗原肽包括表9中列出的至少一种肽。
44.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有CLL;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:SF3B1:p.K700E、MYD88:p.L273P、NOTCH1:p.P2514fs、ABCA11P:p.E901D、AHNAK:p.D3823E、ZNF814:p.E348D、AHNAK:p.V1220I、AHNAK:p.H1203N、ANKRD30A:p.A232V、APOOL:p.I138L、EGR2:p.H397N、MKI67:p.H2213D、NRAS:p.Q61R、PLIN4:p.M691V、XPO1:p.E571K、ZCRB1:p.L76F、ZNF700:p.N652H、ZNF700:p.Q654R、ZNF844:p.D458H、AHNAK:p.A4046V、ANKRD36:p.P337R、C1orf170:p.T203I、CAST:p.D639E、EGR2:p.E369K、GPR123:p.L630P、IKZF3:p.L162R、MUC4:p.P4224R、OR9Q1:p.M34L、PKD2:p.Y486F、PRAMEF11:p.R104Q、SYNJ1:p.I681F、TP53:p.R248Q、TP53:p.R248W、TRPV2:p.L627del、ZNF254:p.S498A、ZNF732:p.A459T、ZNF749:p.E530Q、ZNF845:p.M423I、ABCA11P:p.G900E、ACRC:p.E243D、ACRC:p.A244V、ACSL3:p.T188S、ADAMTS2:p.D948N、AGAP6:p.S127I、AHNAK:p.A2114G、ANKRD36:p.D1014Y、ARID3A:p.G550fs、ARID4A:p.D1154E、ATP2B4:p.R183H、ATRNL1:p.L1244F、BNC1:p.Y937N、BRAF:p.K601N、BTLA:p.Q86K、C14orf177:p.G90V、C2orf44:p.N456K、C3orf15:p.R552Q、CACNA2D1:p.Y376N、CALD1:p.E340K、CCDC15:p.P488H、CCDC79:p.N440T、CCNB3:p.A932T、CD109:p.L470Q、CD209:p.Q189L、CKAP2:p.*684K、CMA1:p.I81K、CMIP:p.A230T、CNTNAP4:p.I12F、CRYM:p.*315K、DICER1:p.E1705K、DPCR1:p.L716P、EIF3A:p.M1093L、EIF4G3:p.R8H、ETFDH:p.I281F、EWSR1:p.Y656C、F5:p.L1332P、F5:p.L1253F、FAM50A:p.H317R、FBXL13:p.S102R、FBXW7:p.R465H、FHL1:p.D184E、FILIP1:p.I522K、FRG1B:p.Q39K、GNB1:p.I80T、GPR110:p.R443G、GPR98:p.Y6152F、HDGFL1:p.188_189insA、IGF2BP2:p.T186S、IL1R2:p.L364fs、KIAA1109:p.L4680P、KRAS:p.G13D、KRTAP19-1:p.G61S、MAF:p.G53fs、MAGEC1:p.L609H、MAP2K1:p.K57N、MED12:p.L36R、MED12:p.G44S、METAP2:p.Y137N、METTL9:p.Y57F、MGP:p.V15L、MKI67:p.R2222K、MUC16:p.T11005I、MUC4:p.S3941N、MUC4:p.S3941G、MUC4:p.V3091L、MUC4:p.S2951Y、MUC4:p.A2841S、MUC4:p.S2760A、MUC4:p.T2335M、MUC4:p.T1627K、MUC4:p.T1547S、MUC4:p.H1133Q、MYD88:p.M240T、NEDD4L:p.P194del、NEFH:p.S704T、NRG4:p.G21fs、OR2A25:p.S105C、OR4C16:p.Y63F、OR4N4:p.L150fs、PABPC1:p.K254fs、PIWIL1:p.P372fs、PLCD3:p.E499fs、PLEKHB1:p.S146P、PPIL4:p.S382R、PRDM4:p.*802K、PRG4:p.N675H、PRKAB1:p.P104H、R3HDM2:p.S592G、R3HDM2:p.S588N、R3HDM2:p.R206W、RPS2:p.R200G、RPTN:p.G364S、SF3B1:p.K666E、SF3B1:p.N626Y、SF3B1:p.Y623C、SIX3:p.I27L、SLC39A7:p.L456fs、SLC6A9:p.R94K、TFG:p.A382V、TGOLN2:p.K83R、TGOLN2:p.T80S、TLR2:p.D327V、TNKS2:p.T619fs、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.C242F、TP53:p.R175H、TWISTNB:p.H306Q、UBXN7:p.A276V、WDR78:p.N110K、XIRP2:p.V3008E、ZNF382:p.H186Q、ZNF578:p.R306H、ZNF578:p.G311S、ZNF578:p.H334R、ZNF700:p.S649C、ZNF705A:p.D298N、ZNF836:p.K608Q、和ZNF836:p.I571N;以及
45.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有BLCA;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:PIK3CA:p.E545K、FGFR3:p.S249C、TP53:p.R248Q、PIK3CA:p.E542K、RXRA:p.S427F、ZNF814:p.D404E、FBXW7:p.R505G、NOTCH2:p.P6fs、TP53:p.E285K、ANKRD30A:p.A353P、C3orf70:p.S6L、EFCAB6:p.R379K、ERCC2:p.N238S、FAM47C:p.Q225E、FOXQ1:p.S135L、HLA-A:p.Q78R、MUC4:p.H4205Q、OTUD4:p.T909I、SLAMF1:p.S277fs、SPRED3:p.S128del、TMCO2:p.S15fs、TP53:p.R280T、TP53:p.E271K、TP53:p.A159V、ZNF706:p.I8N、ZNF706:p.R3P、ACACB:p.E2318Q、ACPP:p.E321K、ACRC:p.A264V、ADAMTS2:p.23_24insL、AFF3:p.E919K、AHNAK:p.S4150F、AHNAK:p.D2889H、AHNAK:p.V1940A、ALX4:p.R126Q、ANKRD12:p.E627K、ANKRD32:p.T999N、ARID1A:p.S614L、ASXL2:p.117_118SS>S、ATP12A:p.R858C、ATP9A:p.R519Q、BCAS3:p.T214M、BPI:p.M255I、CACNG8:p.V146G、CAMSAP1:p.T466fs、CDC27:p.I91fs、CDKN1A:p.E44fs、CEP192:p.S2058L、CGB8:p.T18A、CHRNA3:p.L23del、CHST4:p.D352N、CLIP1:p.S1018fs、COX6A1:p.S8L、CREBBP:p.D1435H、CRIPAK:p.M48fs、CSPG5:p.D119N、CUL1:p.E485K、DLC1:p.S741T、DLL3:p.D318H、DOPEY2:p.E1196K、ECM1:p.E266K、EEF1A2:p.Y418S、EEF2K:p.E673K、EMILIN1:p.R27G、ERBB2:p.S310F、ERBB3:p.M91I、ERBB3:p.V104L、ERBB3:p.D297Y、ERCC2:p.Y14C、FAM155A:p.Q86del、FAM43B:p.E272del、FASTKD3:p.Q625E、FBXW7:p.S546L、FGFR3:p.R248C、FGFR3:p.G380R、FGFRL1:p.H479fs、GBE1:p.M587I、GIMAP1-GIMAP5:p.S311C、GNA13:p.R200G、H1FOO:p.A214fs、HEATR7B2:p.E1109K、HIST1H1D:p.I81M、HRAS:p.G12D、HRCT1:p.H92P、ILF3:p.E484K、KCNK2:p.S6W、KIAA0907:p.Q446P、KIF23:p.E350K、KLF5:p.S118L、KLHL15:p.D185G、LAMA4:p.E639K、LILRA1:p.H410Y、LILRB1:p.L479del、LLGL2:p.P955fs、LPIN1:p.S974L、LRRC16A:p.D227N、LRTM2:p.S139L、LURAP1L:p.55_56insGGG、MAGEC1:p.P553del、MCL1:p.E171del、MN1:p.S472L、MUC7:p.A191V、MVP:p.E412K、NBPF10:p.E3455K、NFE2L2:p.E79K、NFE2L2:p.R34G、NOS1AP:p.Q306del、OR2T35:p.V319fs、OR4N2:p.L150fs、PABPC3:p.K333fs、PAX3:p.S197L、PBX2:p.E70K、PBXIP1:p.H729del、PCDP1:p.E537K、PEX1:p.I370fs、PHLDA3:p.E82K、PLEKHM2:p.S459L、PLVAP:p.A321V、POLR3B:p.L372F、POTEC:p.R477Q、PPL:p.H326Y、PPP1R15A:p.E196K、PRDM16:p.E271Q、PRIC285:p.E1289Q、PRMT8:p.S31P、PUF60:p.S396L、RAB11FIP4:p.S596L、RAD51C:p.D167N、RAD51C:p.Y224H、RALGPS1:p.R381Q、RARS2:p.R6C、RBM26:p.P644A、RERE:p.K176N、RXRA:p.S427Y、SERPINA12:p.R211G、SF3B1:p.E902K、SLC6A9:p.R243W、SLC9A5:p.L447F、SPESP1:p.F121L、SRPRB:p.G14S、SYN2:p.A34del、SYTL2:p.I440M、TAB3:p.R211T、TAF1B:p.R292C、TAOK2:p.L981del、TAS1R3:p.E525K、TAS2R9:p.E163Q、TBC1D1:p.S71F、TBC1D2B:p.R920Q、TFPI2:p.R222C、TM6SF1:p.S15W、TMEM131:p.K640fs、TMEM19:p.G331fs、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.R248W、TP53:p.R175H、TP53:p.K132N、TRAM1:p.E41Q、TSKS:p.E513K、TTN:p.C20935G、UBOX5:p.S417L、UGP2:p.D262H、VGF:p.E433K、XAB2:p.E782K、XYLB:p.S87F、ZC3H4:p.E798K、ZNF208:p.K852E、ZNF208:p.I647S、ZNF626:p.G198E、ZNF749:p.Q457E、ZNF761:p.H373R、ZNF799:p.T43A、ZNF799:p.W41G、ZNF799:p.E589G、ZNF844:p.P503R、ZNF845:p.M423T、ZNF845:p.T479M、ZNF860:p.H464R、ZNF878:p.S181R、ZNF91:p.R333H、和ZNF91:p.H305R。
46.如段落30-43中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有BRCA;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的移码突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:GATA3:p.L328fs、GATA3:p.N334fs、GATA3:p.L344fs、GATA3:p.H400fs、GATA3:p.S408fs、GATA3:p.S430fs、GATA3:p.H434fs、GATA3:p.H435fs、和GATA3:p.S408fs。
47.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有BRCA;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:PIK3CA:p.H1047R、PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3CA:p.E542K、AKT1:p.E17K、TP53:p.R175H、PIK3CA:p.N345K、PIK3CA:p.H1047L、SF3B1:p.K700E、GATA3:p.S408fs、PIK3CA:p.E726K、TP53:p.Y220C、TP53:p.H193R、PIK3CA:p.Q546R、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.R248W、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.I195T、TP53:p.H179R、FGFR2:p.N549K、NUP93:p.E14K、PIK3CA:p.C420R、PIK3CA:p.E453K、PIK3CA:p.Q546K、TP53:p.V216M、TP53:p.C176F、CDH1:p.E243K、ERBB2:p.L755S、KRAS:p.G12V、PIK3CA:p.E545A、TBL1XR1:p.I141fs、TP53:p.G266E、TP53:p.R248Q、TP53:p.Y163C、TP53:p.C141Y、TP53:p.G108fs、ACPP:p.R43W、AKT2:p.I289M、ARHGAP9:p.R137C、C9orf174:p.R136W、CDC42BPA:p.P675T、COL12A1:p.S395L、CRISPLD1:p.R222W、CT47B1:p.234_243EKLTEEATEE>E、CYP1A2:p.V483M、DAB2IP:p.E161K、DGKB:p.S13L、DMD:p.K1772N、DPEP1:p.V11L、ERBB2:p.S310F、ERBB2:p.D769Y、ERBB3:p.E928G、ESYT1:p.R816W、FAM179A:p.A831T、FAM58BP:p.A70T、FMN2:p.S751F、GALNTL6:p.K567del、GATA3:p.L328fs、GATA3:p.N334fs、GATA3:p.L344fs、GATA3:p.H400fs、GATA3:p.S408fs、GATA3:p.S430fs、GATA3:p.H434fs、GATA3:p.H435fs、GDAP1:p.T307A、GRB14:p.A300T、GUCY2C:p.G549C、IL17B:p.R34W、KCNB2:p.R231H、KIF1B:p.R1320W、KIF26B:p.V1113M、KLF4:p.K434Q、LY9:p.I69L、MAP2K4:p.S184L、MAP2K4:p.S251I、MAP2K4:p.T261fs、MAP3K1:p.L318fs、MAP3K1:p.I761fs、MAP3K1:p.V1346del、MAP3K1:p.L1384fs、MAPK13:p.E315K、MAPK4:p.V100M、MARCH5:p.R170C、MBP:p.E120K、MEFV:p.R377H、METTL15:p.Q53E、MS4A4A:p.V99M、MUC17:p.R4415H、MYH6:p.T847M、MYO5B:p.A405V、NARS2:p.P240R、NLGN4X:p.D382N、NLRC4:p.R288W、OR13G1:p.R258H、OR2AK2:p.V45I、OTOF:p.T388M、PACSIN2:p.Q331H、PALM2-AKAP2:p.A299T、PCDH19:p.R286C、PCDHGC5:p.D664N、PIK3CA:p.R88Q、PIK3CA:p.E110del、PIK3CA:p.K111del、PIK3CA:p.PVPHGLEDL447del、PIK3CA:p.L455fs、PIK3CA:p.M1004I、PIK3CA:p.M1043I、PIK3CA:p.N1044Y、PIK3R1:p.KPDL567del、PREX2:p.R363Q、PRRX1:p.A196V、PTEN:p.V317fs、RGSL1:p.V222I、RUNX1:p.R142fs、RUNX1:p.D96fs、SCN2A:p.R36K、SLC25A32:p.Q83E、SLC25A45:p.G106C、STRA6:p.Q68R、STX6:p.H153D、TBX3:p.H187Y、TFPT:p.S252C、TINAG:p.R332W、TMEM71:p.R63Q、TP53:p.E286K、TP53:p.R282W、TP53:p.V272M、TP53:p.S241fs、TP53:p.C238fs、TP53:p.C238F、TP53:p.C238Y、TP53:p.Y234C、TP53:p.Y220S、TP53:p.R209fs、TP53:p.G199V、TP53:p.L194R、TP53:p.H193L、TP53:p.H193Y、TP53:p.V173L、TP53:p.V173M、TP53:p.K132N、TP53:p.R110fs、TUBD1:p.A200V、VLDLR:p.R231H、VWA3A:p.V955I、VWF:p.K1720N、XPO1:p.E571K、和ZNF268:p.F901del。
48.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有COAD;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:KRAS:p.G12D、BRAF:p.V600E、KRAS:p.G12V、ACVR2A:p.K435fs、GRB14:p.KKK295del、SEC63:p.L532fs、TGFBR2:p.E125fs、ATR:p.K771fs、ICA1:p.N204fs、KRAS:p.G12C、TP53:p.R175H、ABCA8:p.R842Q、ACTL7B:p.R354H、ACVR2A:p.K435fs、AIM2:p.K340fs、ALG2:p.S302Y、ANKIB1:p.K144fs、ARSG:p.V131I、ATP10D:p.R311H、AXIN2:p.W663fs、C5orf30:p.D4N、CACNG3:p.V134I、CASP5:p.K78fs、CC2D2A:p.R1284C、CDH10:p.E349K、DNMT1:p.E432K、DOCK2:p.G170R、DOCK5:p.E177K、EGR2:p.R390H、ERBB3:p.V104M、FAM135B:p.R884H、FBXW7:p.R505C、FBXW7:p.R465H、FHDC1:p.R254W、FOXL1:p.N89K、HCN4:p.R525H、HLA-DMA:p.E84K、HTR3B:p.R236C、ITGA4:p.T673M、KIF18A:p.R17C、KIF20B:p.E991K、KLHL5:p.R326C、KRAS:p.A146T、KRAS:p.G13D、LPHN3:p.R1183Q、MAP2K4:p.R287H、MAPK8IP1:p.L217fs、MFSD5:p.R280Q、MUC16:p.R8606H、MYO6:p.D1180N、NAA25:p.S807Y、NBPF14:p.V44L、NRAS:p.Q61K、NRAS:p.G13R、PAX3:p.T424M、PGAM1:p.R240H、PHF3:p.R1410I、PIK3CA:p.R88Q、PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、PLXNA3:p.V14fs、POSTN:p.R508C、PTPRU:p.D1434N、PYGO2:p.Q150fs、RBBP7:p.E274K、SFPQ:p.R611Q、SGSM1:p.F1117L、SLC25A40:p.R96Q、SLC8A1:p.R431H、SLITRK3:p.S298L、SPATA22:p.S150L、SUN3:p.E128K、TGFBR1:p.S241L、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.R248W、TRPV5:p.R492H、USP40:p.S851L、VPS13C:p.D1359Y、ZBTB24:p.L607I、ZNF434:p.R306C、ZNF443:p.R301I、ZNF484:p.R138C、和ZNF770:p.S441P。
49.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有GBM;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:HSD17B7P2:p.N175S、IDH1:p.R132H、EGFR:p.A289V、EGFR:p.G598V、WASH3P:p.G175S、ZNF814:p.D404E、RPSA:p.Q111E、NBPF10:p.E3455K、TP53:p.R248Q、BRAF:p.V600E、EGFR:p.A289T、PRB2:p.N230del、RGPD5:p.P1760A、TP53:p.R175H、CHEK2:p.K373E、EGFR:p.R108K、EGFR:p.R222C、PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3R1:p.G376R、POTEC:p.K507E、SDHAP2:p.V195E、SLC6A10P:p.K88N、TP53:p.R282W、TP53:p.R273H、CD3EAP:p.K219del、DST:p.R146C、EGFR:p.A289D、EGFR:p.H304Y、FRG1B:p.S71N、GOLGA8DP:p.A116E、KRTAP4-11:p.R121K、KRTAP4-11:p.S48R、MAP3K1:p.P324L、OGDH:p.I78fs、PODXL:p.S162fs、PSPH:p.V145I、SPINT1:p.A316V、TP53:p.R248W、TP53:p.G245S、TP53:p.Y220C、TP53:p.R158H、TSHZ2:p.A222T、UBC:p.L149R、ZDHHC4:p.R300H、ZNF844:p.R447P、AASS:p.T878fs、ABCC10:p.R570W、ADAM29:p.V205I、ADAMTS8:p.V524M、AGAP3:p.R766W、AICDA:p.Y144F、AK7:p.A159V、AK8:p.D243A、ANO2:p.R334C、AOX1:p.A507V、ARHGAP5:p.M691L、CALN1:p.V231I、CARM1:p.A202V、CD163L1:p.V721M、CD1D:p.L25fs、CD209:p.A283T、CDH18:p.A195T、CILP2:p.V553M、CIZ1:p.L89P、CLOCK:p.L123fs、COL6A5:p.T2224M、CSF2RB:p.G298S、CSMD3:p.E171K、CYP2D6:p.H352R、DCAF12L1:p.R335H、DCAF12L2:p.R246H、DPP10:p.V183I、DPY19L2P1:p.R378Q、DQX1:p.R505H、DRD5:p.S275R、DVL2:p.V66G、EFCAB6:p.R379K、EGFR:p.L62R、EGFR:p.R252C、EGFR:p.P596S、EGFR:p.P596L、EGFR:p.G598A、EGFR:p.E709K、EPHA1:p.A184T、ERC2:p.R20H、ESPNP:p.R627Q、FAM126B:p.R382H、FBN3:p.V886I、FGF14:p.T229M、FLG2:p.H1901fs、FLG:p.R2886H、FLNA:p.V1240M、FOXG1:p.H57del、FPR2:p.R54Q、FRG1B:p.K13N、FRG1B:p.A53T、GABRA6:p.V314I、GJB3:p.R160H、GLT8D2:p.A178V、GRM3:p.R183C、HERC1:p.R2330H、HNF1B:p.T417M、HTRA3:p.Q403R、IDH1:p.R132G、IFNA10:p.L80F、IFNA10:p.V79A、JHDM1D:p.R313H、JPH1:p.A395T、KEL:p.V411M、KIAA0907:p.R516fs、KIAA1704:p.D88del、KLK6:p.R120H、KRAS:p.G12D、KRTAP4-7:p.L121V、KRTAP4-7:p.L148V、KRTAP5-4:p.S131C、LAT2:p.L18W、LIMK2:p.R203H、LUM:p.R330C、MCOLN3:p.V141I、MGAT4B:p.T444P、MUC17:p.V77M、MUC17:p.3204_3205insP、MYO1D:p.T109M、MYO6:p.Q914fs、NAP1L5:p.140_141EE>E、NF1:p.F1658fs、NHP2L1:p.R84C、NLRP5:p.R737W、NPTX1:p.A263T、NUFIP2:p.Q29del、ODF4:p.R61C、OR11H12:p.H154P、OR2A7:p.V18I、OR2H1:p.V287I、OR2T12:p.R184H、OR5D13:p.R236C、OR5P2:p.A100V、OR6N2:p.R293C、PASD1:p.A236del、PCDH11X:p.T486M、PCDHB13:p.P221L、PDGFRA:p.E229K、PDGFRB:p.S650L、PHC3:p.T35del、PIK3C2B:p.R287fs、PIK3CA:p.M1V、PIK3CA:p.R88Q、PIK3CA:p.M1043V、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、PIK3R1:p.K379N、PODNL1:p.A150V、POTEE:p.V166M、POTEG:p.R136H、PRKCD:p.G432fs、PROKR2:p.V297I、PTEN:p.C136Y、PTEN:p.S170N、PTEN:p.R173H、PTEN:p.T277I、PTEN:p.V317fs、PTPN14:p.E716del、R3HDM2:p.412_413QQ>Q、RAB11FIP5:p.R170H、RASAL3:p.R82H、RB1:p.N316fs、RDH8:p.A198V、REN:p.15_16LL>L、RIMBP2:p.R830H、SCAF11:p.E926fs、SCN7A:p.R1358H、SCNN1G:p.R564H、SDHAP2:p.R31C、SDHAP3:p.A66T、SEMG2:p.R292C、SH3RF2:p.R318C、SHB:p.A460T、SIGLEC10:p.T250M、SLC13A5:p.Q273P、SLC17A9:p.V324I、SLC22A9:p.R407Q、SLC26A3:p.V88I、SLC5A3:p.A302fs、SLC9A4:p.R631H、SPAM1:p.R346Q、SPEN:p.E803fs、SPTA1:p.A2011V、SUSD5:p.T513M、SYNE1:p.R8468H、TARSL2:p.G366D、TAS2R41:p.A255T、TAT:p.R367H、TFPI2:p.R206C、THSD7B:p.R90C、TMEM147:p.A92V、TMEM156:p.R81C、TMPRSS6:p.V302I、TNFSF9:p.A232T、TP53:p.C238F、TP53:p.C238Y、TP53:p.Y234C、TP53:p.V216M、TP53:p.H179R、TP53:p.T155N、TRAPPC10:p.K133fs、TTN:p.R21402W、TTN:p.V16403M、TUBBP5:p.V102M、TYRP1:p.T352fs、UBC:p.R73L、UGT2B28:p.P289H、USH2A:p.R3719H、WASH6P:p.L211V、ZFP42:p.V227I、ZFP42:p.T264M、ZNF181:p.V305G、ZNF280B:p.E400K、ZNF534:p.N583K、ZNF563:p.W208fs、ZNF844:p.F487L、和ZPBP:p.R154C。
50.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有HNSC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3CA:p.E542K、TP53:p.R175H、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、TP53:p.R282W、TP53:p.R248Q、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.R248W、TP53:p.G245S、RHOA:p.E40Q、EP300:p.D1399N、HRAS:p.G13V、MB21D2:p.Q311E、NFE2L2:p.E79Q、TP53:p.H179Y、FBXW7:p.R505G、HIST1H2BF:p.E77K、HRAS:p.G12D、MAPK1:p.E322K、NFE2L2:p.D29H、TP53:p.P278S、TP53:p.C242F、TP53:p.Y220C、TP53:p.H193L、TP53:p.H179R、TP53:p.V157F、TP53:p.R110L、AKNAD1:p.K620R、ANXA6:p.R231Q、AP1G2:p.D243N、ATAD5:p.D441N、ATP6AP2:p.E119Q、B2M:p.M1I、BCL11A:p.E579K、C1orf172:p.Y30fs、C7orf57:p.E30K、CCDC135:p.E313K、CDH12:p.P706T、CDH7:p.Q225K、CDK11B:p.E79del、CDKN2A:p.H83Y、CHCHD4:p.T79M、CIRH1A:p.S250I、CLSTN2:p.P759L、CRB1:p.L628fs、DENND5B:p.G1023E、DNAH5:p.Q1797E、DSP:p.R160G、EDA:p.L58F、EFCAB6:p.E1002K、ELF4:p.S415L、EP300:p.C1164Y、EPHA3:p.T802R、EPHA6:p.D952H、ERBB2:p.M916I、ESRRA:p.D219N、FAM101A:p.I89del、FBXO24:p.M553V、FCAR:p.V233M、GPANK1:p.Y351fs、GPR20:p.V300I、GPRASP1:p.S706L、GPRIN3:p.R633fs、GRID2:p.T649fs、GRM3:p.F682L、GUCY2F:p.S404L、HCRTR2:p.D100Y、HIST1H3C:p.K37M、HIST1H4C:p.R68P、HLX:p.S12T、HOXD10:p.Y151C、HPS3:p.K812N、HRAS:p.G12A、HRAS:p.G12S、IFT140:p.E664K、INPPL1:p.T493M、ITGA10:p.R669Q、ITGB1:p.D158N、KIAA1429:p.D1526N、KIAA1429:p.S138F、KPRP:p.E553fs、KSR2:p.T555M、LINGO2:p.P410T、LPCAT1:p.V187del、MAGEB3:p.V75A、MAP3K7:p.E524Q、MAP4K3:p.P657fs、MAP9:p.K485N、MARS2:p.R481Q、MBOAT7:p.R424W、MUC16:p.R12774H、MUC5B:p.T4388M、MYH11:p.E993K、MYOCD:p.T493M、MYOM1:p.R63Q、NANOS3:p.S183L、NCOR1:p.R1561Q、NCOR1:p.Q169E、NCR1:p.D213N、NFE2L2:p.E79K、ODZ1:p.R366M、OPN1MW:p.A285T、OR2M2:p.A95fs、OR2M3:p.M273I、OR2T33:p.R120S、OR6V1:p.I248fs、PABPC5:p.P58L、PACSIN1:p.E359K、PIK3CA:p.M1043V、PIK3CA:p.H1047L、PIWIL1:p.V699M、PLIN5:p.430_431insNG、PLXNA3:p.P58S、PRB1:p.R274fs、PRSS1:p.D107N、RAC1:p.A159V、RGS7:p.L21fs、RPA1:p.R31H、RPL18:p.R178fs、SFI1:p.R821Q、SLC35D3:p.*417S、SLC5A7:p.G336C、SMARCA4:p.P913L、STAT3:p.D661V、SYCP2:p.K474N、SYT6:p.R249H、TBX21:p.E494K、THSD7A:p.R1046C、THSD7A:p.C728F、TMC3:p.R934S、TMTC2:p.T409R、TP53:p.E285K、TP53:p.C275F、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.G266E、TP53:p.G262V、TP53:p.R249S、TP53:p.G245V、TP53:p.C238F、TP53:p.M237I、TP53:p.Y236C、TP53:p.Y236D、TP53:p.R196P、TP53:p.PHHERC177del、TP53:p.V173L、TP53:p.V173M、TP53:p.Y163C、TP53:p.P151T、TP53:p.V143M、TP53:p.P58fs、URI1:p.S13fs、ZNF177:p.K384N、ZNF750:p.S96fs、和ZZZ3:p.R5Q。
51.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有KIRC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:WASH3P:p.G175S、VHL:p.L89H、VHL:p.S111N、WDR52:p.V1227G、KRT1:p.552_559YGSGGSSY>Y、KRTAP1-1:p.S34C、PALM2-AKAP2:p.1075_1076insEA、ZNF814:p.D404E、DOPEY2:p.Y2048S、KAT2B:p.W111fs、PABPC1:p.E156fs、PCDHGC5:p.G599V、PIK3CA:p.E545K、RRAD:p.A278E、SIRPA:p.D131del、UQCRFS1:p.I83V、VHL:p.P45L、VHL:p.V74D、VHL:p.R82P、VHL:p.L116fs、VHL:p.L158V、VHL:p.L169P、WDR73:p.DGTRSQ315del、ABCA3:p.E95D、ABCC5:p.L1090fs、ACADS:p.R330H、ACAN:p.G952E、ACSM2A:p.L402fs、ADAM23:p.K380M、ADH1A:p.D154V、AFF3:p.SA620del、AGAP6:p.D69fs、AGAP7:p.E71fs、AHNAK:p.5_6insE、AIDA:p.K247M、ALAS1:p.G302R、ANAPC16:p.R95fs、ANK2:p.N453S、ANKRD36:p.K378R、ARHGEF5:p.E487G、ARSD:p.AGV234del、ARSD:p.A234G、ATP2A1:p.G704C、ATP7A:p.Q990fs、AVIL:p.G299fs、AXDND1:p.EQ991del、BAP1:p.N78S、BAP1:p.M1I、BLM:p.H660Q、BMPER:p.RIAL444del、BRK1:p.K70Q、BTRC:p.I416M、C16orf55:p.D118A、C19orf33:p.K102E、C20orf132:p.E382D、C2orf71:p.1225_1226insS、C6orf132:p.173_182PPPLLLEPPP>P、CASP5:p.R23fs、CATSPER4:p.T425M、CCDC120:p.I8V、CCR5:p.S185I、CCZ1:p.E214D、CD7:p.P174fs、CDAN1:p.L646fs、CDH23:p.F1132Y、CDK5RAP2:p.H1592Q、CENPB:p.E410V、CERCAM:p.A85fs、CHEK2:p.K373E、CHIT1:p.P284fs、CLCN2:p.645_645R>RR、CLUL1:p.G463R、CNTNAP4:p.Y436S、CUL9:p.D1726E、CWC25:p.K364E、CXorf51B:p.V43I、DDX39B:p.F149fs、DIRAS1:p.G79C、DISP2:p.F1021S、DNMBP:p.T78P、DOCK8:p.A177fs、DPCR1:p.H383N、DPCR1:p.L768del、EGFR:p.L838M、ENPEP:p.F289C、ESPNP:p.W122fs、FAM105A:p.H126N、FAM186A:p.IPPQAQELEIPL1556del、FAM194B:p.EEEEYL135del、FAM22F:p.S691del、FAM22F:p.P690fs、FAM47A:p.LRPEPPETGVSH235del、FAM47C:p.P388S、FAM78A:p.W192L、FBXO34:p.Q294fs、FGFR3:p.R571fs、FGFR3:p.P716H、FMN2:p.AIPPPPPLPGA956del、FOXD4L4:p.C405fs、FUT6:p.S140fs、GJA1:p.A311fs、GOLGA5:p.L492I、GPM6A:p.A50V、GPRIN1:p.231_239RKEDPGSLR>R、GRAMD1B:p.P356H、GREB1:p.S344Y、GRM6:p.A718fs、GUSB:p.L501V、GUSB:p.C500R、HBB:p.F86C、HDAC6:p.G977D、HEXDC:p.T482P、HNF1B:p.N302K、HNRPLL:p.M327V、HRC:p.P439fs、HSFX2:p.D92E、IL1RAP:p.F50C、IVL:p.EQQEGQLKHP167del、KANK4:p.S253P、KCNJ18:p.E378K、KIAA1751:p.K97N、KRT1:p.SSYGSGG557del、KRT2:p.L299W、KRT4:p.F154fs、KRTAP10-6:p.49_49P>PSCCAP、KRTAP5-7:p.C120Y、KRTAP9-2:p.CCQP140del、LARS:p.P185fs、LCP1:p.P445fs、LOC338651:p.PHRSHSPPWS102del、LRCH2:p.D717G、LTA4H:p.F107L、LYST:p.Q710H、MAFA:p.207_208HH>H、MAGEC1:p.P239del、MAP2K5:p.Q445R、MAPKAPK2:p.T214fs、MARCKS:p.K152fs、MED12L:p.P2071S、MEGF6:p.A582fs、MGST3:p.G143fs、MLXIPL:p.S790R、MOCOS:p.S849P、MST1R:p.M464V、MTOR:p.C1483F、MTOR:p.L1460P、MUC16:p.P11260A、MUC17:p.R1227fs、MUC17:p.H1228fs、MUC2:p.1480_1481insI、MUC6:p.P1569fs、MYO3A:p.N525S、NBPF3:p.D491V、NCOR1P1:p.L52P、NDUFA4L2:p.G3fs、NEFH:p.651_651K>KAKSPEK、NES:p.V611L、NFAT5:p.Q906E、NOXO1:p.G3fs、NR2C1:p.S270I、NSMCE2:p.Q31fs、NUDT21:p.W13fs、ODZ2:p.W628fs、ONECUT1:p.L424M、OR10A3:p.F73V、OR4F4:p.E15G、OR4N2:p.L150fs、OR51B5:p.A66fs、OR7C1:p.F104fs、PABPC1:p.Y408F、PABPC1:p.K333fs、PABPC1:p.A181T、PABPC3:p.P191T、PALLD:p.A996T、PALM2-AKAP2:p.G1118fs、PARD6A:p.G84fs、PASK:p.T62I、PCDH15:p.C1713F、PCNT:p.G136S、PGM5:p.G426fs、PGPEP1L:p.R164fs、PIK3C2B:p.F1473L、PIK3CA:p.N1044K、PIK3R5:p.L371R、PITRM1:p.P816T、PLIN4:p.T347I、PODXL:p.28_30PSP>P、POLR1C:p.K332Q、POTED:p.I214V、PPM1E:p.R311W、PRKCE:p.Q157fs、PROX1:p.V225D、PRRC2C:p.P1883T、PRX:p.P549L、PSD3:p.T563P、PTCH1:p.P689H、RANBP3:p.L386W、RASGEF1C:p.A188T、RGPD6:p.F946L、RHEB:p.Y35N、RIMBP3:p.A396del、RIN3:p.L449V、RLIM:p.S501L、RNF17:p.S351C、RUNX2:p.P466H、SCAF1:p.P208fs、SDK1:p.K508fs、SECISBP2:p.D608E、SERPINB3:p.S209C、SESTD1:p.I306M、SFRP4:p.P325fs、SH3KBP1:p.P563fs、SIPA1L3:p.G777A、SLC13A2:p.L493fs、SLC16A9:p.CVLLGG470del、SLC25A5:p.A118T、SLC44A5:p.V70F、SLC4A8:p.N229K、SLC52A1:p.G370del、SLC52A2:p.G399fs、SLC6A10P:p.K88N、SLC6A14:p.A85fs、SLC9B1:p.V446fs、SON:p.VLESSAVT1359del、SP8:p.G165del、SPAG1:p.353_354insD、SPATA9:p.C189F、SPEG:p.A992fs、SPTB:p.T1864I、SRA1:p.V110L、STAT6:p.P354fs、STK11IP:p.A155E、STXBP3:p.E279G、SVIL:p.M93T、SYNE1:p.R8468S、SYNJ2:p.K832T、SYNPO:p.G619fs、TAOK2:p.Q899fs、TAS2R38:p.I311T、TBC1D12:p.F608Y、TBC1D1:p.H277R、TBC1D3:p.A556fs、TBC1D3C:p.A495fs、TBC1D3F:p.A556fs、TCF7:p.H140P、TDRD10:p.W276C、THRAP3:p.K551R、TMEM102:p.A110P、TMEM161B:p.L142P、TMEM230:p.D140G、TMEM47:p.G87S、TRDN:p.*730Y、TTBK1:p.T1065S、UBE2O:p.R1118fs、UBR5:p.T1306fs、UPK3A:p.G272fs、VHL:p.G39S、VHL:p.S65L、VHL:p.N78D、VHL:p.R79P、VHL:p.W88L、VHL:p.L89P、VHL:p.R107P、VHL:p.S111R、VHL:p.H115N、VHL:p.D121Y、VHL:p.G123fs、VHL:p.D126fs、VHL:p.L128H、VHL:p.L135F、VHL:p.I151T、VHL:p.L153P、VHL:p.L158P、VHL:p.Q164fs、VHL:p.L184P、VHL:p.L188P、WASH6P:p.315_316insAPP、WASH6P:p.T201M、WWP2:p.G458A、ZCCHC6:p.K937N、ZFAND2B:p.I149T、ZFR2:p.Y107N、ZNF273:p.N319K、ZNF462:p.S650T、ZNF516:p.A256D、ZNF519:p.H431Y、ZNF687:p.F858C、ZNF732:p.E227Q、ZNF880:p.Q406R、ZP3:p.V362fs、和ZRANB1:p.*735fs。
52.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有LAML;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:NPM1:p.W288fs、DNMT3A:p.R882H、NPM1:p.L287fs、IDH2:p.R140Q、IDH1:p.R132C、FLT3:p.D835Y、DNMT3A:p.R882C、FLT3:p.600_601insFREYEYD、IDH1:p.R132H、NRAS:p.G13D、U2AF1:p.S34F、KIT:p.D816V、FLT3:p.D835E、IDH2:p.R172K、NRAS:p.G12D、WT1:p.S381fs、ABTB1:p.L249fs、DNMT3A:p.R736H、FLT3:p.D835H、KRAS:p.G12D、NPM1:p.L287fs、NRAS:p.Q61H、NRAS:p.Q61K、PHACTR1:p.V251fs、RBBP4:p.E330K、RUNX1:p.R135G、和U2AF1:p.S34Y。
53.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有LUAD;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:KRAS:p.G12C、KRAS:p.G12V、EGFR:p.L858R、U2AF1:p.S34F、KRAS:p.G12A、TP53:p.R158L、KRAS:p.G12D、PIK3CA:p.E545K、TP53:p.R273L、EGFR:p.ELREA746del、KRAS:p.G13D、A2ML1:p.S654fs、BRAF:p.G469V、CTNNB1:p.S37F、EGFR:p.G719A、KRAS:p.G13C、MYOF:p.G165fs、EGFR:p.S768I、FAM47C:p.G948W、KRAS:p.Q61L、MYH10:p.L1091fs、NRAS:p.Q61L、OR4C3:p.H130fs、PI15:p.V22F、RAD50:p.D69Y、RIT1:p.M90I、TP53:p.C275F、TP53:p.R249M、TP53:p.R249G、TP53:p.R248P、TP53:p.R175H、TP53:p.Y163C、TP53:p.A159P、TP53:p.V157F、TP53:p.G154V、ABCB1:p.R467L、ACBD3:p.R224L、ACTA1:p.G275C、ACTN2:p.D893Y、ADAM30:p.Q741H、ADAMTS14:p.G238C、ADAMTS20:p.R1251S、ADAMTS20:p.R541L、ADAMTS5:p.L549M、ADAMTS9:p.G659W、ADCY2:p.P1016T、ADCY5:p.G623C、AFP:p.A182G、AHDC1:p.P155Q、AKAP1:p.LDRNEEG317del、ALKBH1:p.K137E、ANK2:p.Q3076L、ANKRD44:p.G339C、ANO3:p.A41S、AP1G1:p.R723L、APBB2:p.T243fs、APOB:p.L973M、APOBR:p.R840L、AQP10:p.Q261L、ARAP3:p.R1226L、ARFIP2:p.R86L、ARHGAP36:p.P16H、ARL13B:p.R358L、ASCC2:p.R365L、ASPM:p.S240F、ASXL3:p.P1470Q、ATRN:p.P197Q、AVIL:p.G64W、AXDND1:p.W101R、B3GAT1:p.R125L、BARX2:p.R68P、BCL9L:p.G980C、BCOR:p.N1459S、BEND2:p.P536Q、BMS1:p.G455V、BRAF:p.V600E、BRAF:p.G466V、BRD9:p.G330W、BRF1:p.V469L、BRWD3:p.H160N、BTRC:p.G260W、C11orf68:p.V135L、C15orf2:p.V753F、C15orf2:p.G906W、C18orf8:p.M61I、C1GALT1:p.G299V、C1orf173:p.G1454S、C1orf173:p.S688Y、C1orf87:p.R541L、C2orf53:p.P272H、C3orf20:p.R740L、C7:p.R687S、C7orf58:p.G140W、C7orf58:p.R238L、CACNA1A:p.S772Y、CACNA1D:p.R1073L、CACNA1E:p.R2089Q、CACNA2D1:p.A352E、CACNG3:p.R232W、CADPS:p.R959S、CALB2:p.R258C、CAMK2B:p.G131V、CARD11:p.I1065M、CCDC111:p.R417L、CCDC141:p.E1204V、CCDC19:p.R279L、CCDC19:p.R207L、CCKAR:p.L271M、CD1B:p.W41L、CDH10:p.S577R、CDH10:p.R472C、CDH10:p.R128S、CDH18:p.A721S、CDH20:p.P433H、CDH6:p.Q237K、CDK13:p.R880S、CDK4:p.R24L、CELF4:p.A309P、CFDP1:p.P129fs、CHN1:p.K264N、CHRNA4:p.S396R、CHRNA9:p.P361Q、CLCNKA:p.P124Q、CLEC12B:p.W217L、CLK4:p.R68L、CNTFR:p.D252Y、CNTN6:p.R807M、CNTNAP2:p.F395L、COL19A1:p.P538Q、COL5A2:p.G612W、COL5A2:p.G516W、COL9A1:p.P211Q、CPE:p.P290Q、CPNE8:p.Q127H、CPSF4:p.P219Q、CRIPAK:p.S180fs、CROT:p.Q580H、CRTC3:p.S363L、CSMD2:p.P1855Q、CSMD3:p.T2810N、CSMD3:p.P2727T、CSMD3:p.Q174H、CUBN:p.G596C、CUL4B:p.R91S、CUL7:p.L371F、CXCL9:p.K122N、CXCR4:p.E345Q、CXorf59:p.R198M、CYP11B1:p.R498G、CYP27A1:p.P112Q、CYP2B6:p.A444E、DACH2:p.R539L、DCC:p.R446H、DDX56:p.R329L、DEFA1:p.W90C、DENND2A:p.R688Q、DENND2A:p.R499L、DMBT1:p.R1521L、DNAH5:p.R3822L、DNAH9:p.S2993R、DNAI2:p.V231L、DPP6:p.L757F、DSG4:p.R128L、DST:p.A4410S、DZIP3:p.M322L、EBF3:p.R231S、EFCAB4B:p.E265Q、EHHADH:p.Q704H、ELAVL2:p.L263F、EMR1:p.R493H、ENAH:p.R514L、ENPP1:p.G738E、EPB41L3:p.A896S、EPG5:p.R2289L、EPHA1:p.G111V、EPHB6:p.R337H、EPRS:p.V1151L、ERBB2:p.S310Y、ERBB2:p.774_775insAYVM、ERBB2:p.776_776G>VC、ERN2:p.T295K、FAM120B:p.P467H、FAM127C:p.F52L、FAM135B:p.W240C、FAM210B:p.L112F、FAM47A:p.R690L、FAM47B:p.W163C、FAM47B:p.L567F、FAM5C:p.R457G、FAM70B:p.P277T、FAM71B:p.L583M、FAM75A6:p.R304S、FAM75A6:p.P54L、FAM75D1:p.R1265S、FARP1:p.R299L、FAT1:p.R4359L、FAT3:p.R1266H、FAT3:p.G1899V、FAT3:p.H3574N、FBXO18:p.M144I、FBXO31:p.G443fs、FCGBP:p.A1022S、FCRL2:p.V505L、FERD3L:p.P92H、FGB:p.E339Q、FGFR2:p.E116K、FGFRL1:p.R243L、FGFRL1:p.V274L、FKBPL:p.R320L、FLG2:p.G1545V、FLG2:p.L572F、FLG:p.P3254H、FLG:p.P2466Q、FMN2:p.P992T、FOLH1:p.A643S、FOXRED1:p.R136L、FRAS1:p.C382F、FRG2B:p.D142Y、FRMPD1:p.E1093Q、FSHB:p.T43N、GABRA5:p.Q224K、GADL1:p.L352I、GAL3ST3:p.A271S、GALNT14:p.D234E、GAS8:p.R313S、GATA3:p.M443I、GCDH:p.R82C、GEM:p.R268L、GFRAL:p.Q308K、GIT2:p.R123L、GJB4:p.R22S、GLB1L2:p.I407M、GLOD4:p.Q223fs、GNAO1:p.P283Q、GPNMB:p.I174M、GPR137B:p.G240C、GPR158:p.P762T、GPR98:p.G4307W、GRB7:p.R239L、GRHL1:p.G608W、GRID1:p.R683L、GRIK1:p.R368Q、GRM5:p.P895fs、GTF2E1:p.R192L、H3F3C:p.R131L、HAO2:p.H12N、HCN1:p.P231Q、HECW1:p.A183S、HGF:p.M686T、HIP1:p.R940L、HIST1H1E:p.R25P、HLA-DMA:p.A236fs、HOXA5:p.G11C、HS3ST3A1:p.G399W、HSD17B6:p.F209L、HSPA13:p.V85L、HSPBAP1:p.R282L、HTR5A:p.W298C、IGHMBP2:p.R615S、IL2:p.R103M、IL2RA:p.G61W、IL32:p.P215T、ING1:p.A220S、INMT:p.G56V、ITGA8:p.G616C、ITGAD:p.L528fs、ITGAX:p.R283H、ITIH1:p.G254W、ITIH2:p.L842V、ITK:p.R29L、ITPR2:p.P358Q、JMJD1C:p.R1198S、KCNA1:p.G376C、KCNH8:p.M455I、KCNJ3:p.L430F、KCNK18:p.G23V、KCNK2:p.R166L、KEAP1:p.G603W、KEAP1:p.R260L、KEAP1:p.S144F、KHDRBS2:p.S203L、KIAA1211:p.P1203Q、KIAA1549:p.L1272F、KIAA1755:p.Q108H、KIF15:p.E252Q、KIF9:p.G480R、KIRREL:p.G604C、KLF5:p.E419Q、KRAS:p.Q61H、KRTAP10-12:p.R64P、KRTAP27-1:p.M124I、KRTAP4-5:p.C91F、KRTAP5-1:p.S193Y、L1CAM:p.R632S、L3MBTL4:p.W162L、LAMA1:p.D1030Y、LAMB1:p.T1610fs、LAMB4:p.G1239W、LAMB4:p.G588W、LEF1:p.I53V、LEKR1:p.Q450K、LIM2:p.S150T、LIPJ:p.P236Q、LPHN3:p.E740D、LPPR4:p.R527S、LRFN5:p.N132K、LRP1B:p.G3563C、LRP2:p.M4039I、LRRC4C:p.Q10L、LRRIQ1:p.W792L、LRRTM4:p.S243Y、MAGEA10:p.R7H、MAGEC2:p.W109C、MAGI1:p.G1156V、MAGI2:p.P1044T、MAK:p.P373Q、MAP2K1:p.K57N、MARCH11:p.R193L、MEPE:p.G142C、MKI67:p.R1081S、MKRN3:p.P448H、MLL3:p.N393K、MLL3:p.Q356K、MMRN1:p.A1013S、MOGAT2:p.Q66fs、MXRA5:p.D324Y、MYH4:p.T790M、MYH8:p.R1117C、MYH8:p.H1006N、MYO5B:p.R708L、MYO7B:p.P2040H、MYO9B:p.R94L、MYT1L:p.P351Q、NAA11:p.T184K、NAB1:p.L72F、NAV1:p.R938L、NBPF15:p.G665E、NCAM2:p.G698C、NCAPD2:p.R220L、NDST3:p.V427I、NEK2:p.R239S、NFIA:p.L294F、NLRP3:p.R157C、NOTCH2:p.R2105L、NR4A2:p.R314L、NRG1:p.V481L、NRXN1:p.R813S、NRXN1:p.A660S、NRXN3:p.P23H、NRXN3:p.R103C、NTM:p.G333C、NUAK1:p.G173C、NYAP2:p.P437L、ODZ3:p.P218Q、OIT3:p.R508S、OOEP:p.R101C、OPN1LW:p.P283H、OR10H4:p.M199I、OR10J1:p.L157Q、OR10X1:p.L298I、OR10Z1:p.L205F、OR14A16:p.G160C、OR2A25:p.M80I、OR2AG2:p.G249W、OR2AK2:p.W37C、OR2H2:p.L205F、OR2J2:p.G234W、OR2L13:p.M106I、OR2L13:p.T242A、OR2L3:p.M1I、OR2L3:p.L67I、OR2L8:p.R121C、OR2L8:p.R171S、OR2M2:p.F177L、OR2M2:p.F323L、OR2M5:p.V205L、OR2T12:p.M258L、OR2T27:p.D11Y、OR2T33:p.P165Q、OR2T34:p.C246F、OR2T6:p.V213L、OR4C12:p.D309Y、OR4C12:p.M279I、OR4C16:p.L162M、OR4M2:p.A119S、OR4M2:p.A161S、OR51V1:p.P298T、OR5AS1:p.M39I、OR5B12:p.S289C、OR5B17:p.M266I、OR5D14:p.H246N、OR5D16:p.P264T、OR5D18:p.R123H、OR5F1:p.G44V、OR5J2:p.A36S、OR5L1:p.T275N、OR6C65:p.I154fs、OR6C75:p.G94W、OR6K2:p.P79Q、OR8D2:p.R306M、OR9A2:p.R289W、OR9G9:p.R169L、P2RX7:p.P142Q、P2RY10:p.T10K、P2RY10:p.V196L、PABPC5:p.R99S、PAPPA2:p.P917T、PAPPA2:p.P1706H、PBLD:p.P55Q、PCDH10:p.R587S、PCDH10:p.V986L、PCDH11X:p.R1010I、PCDHAC2:p.A742V、PCDHB5:p.P649S、PCDHGC5:p.K12N、PCDHGC5:p.P684H、PCLO:p.P3946T、PCMTD1:p.R271M、PDPR:p.G793W、PDYN:p.G191W、PDZD2:p.R565S、PDZD8:p.S980G、PFKM:p.R118S、PIGM:p.R225L、PIK3CA:p.E542K、PIK3CG:p.V165I、PILRA:p.S291fs、PLCE1:p.G564C、PLCL1:p.M564I、PLEKHA6:p.R110L、PNKP:p.G174W、POGZ:p.G75W、POLE:p.R573L、POM121L12:p.P231T、POM121L12:p.P242H、POTEE:p.V288M、POTEM:p.S78R、POU3F3:p.D321Y、PPT2:p.R265L、PRDM16:p.P1036L、PRELP:p.D201Y、PRPF40B:p.R160S、PRPF6:p.R763L、PTEN:p.R234L、PTPN11:p.G503V、PTPN13:p.E2067K、PTPRJ:p.G334W、PTPRT:p.R928L、PTPRU:p.P559S、PXDNL:p.P1456T、QSOX1:p.R401L、QSOX2:p.R683L、RAB13:p.R167L、RAB8A:p.G20W、RAPGEFL1:p.R356L、RBM19:p.G390W、RCL1:p.P112Q、REG1B:p.W57L、REG3A:p.S150L、REG4:p.G110V、RIMS2:p.R55L、RIT2:p.R85L、RLN2:p.S138C、RNF20:p.P529Q、RORB:p.G94W、RPL10L:p.K187T、RPRD2:p.R97S、RTN1:p.S103W、RUNX2:p.R337M、RYR2:p.K2413N、RYR2:p.M4334I、RYR3:p.P1670T、S100PBP:p.R5L、S1PR1:p.L104F、SAGE1:p.H298Q、SALL1:p.E965K、SALL1:p.R898W、SALL4:p.R187L、SBSPON:p.G133W、SCAF8:p.G740C、SCG2:p.P252Q、SCML4:p.L261F、SCN2A:p.T155K、SEC24D:p.A50fs、SEC61A2:p.G126V、SERPINA12:p.D253Y、SERPINA9:p.M414I、SERPINC1:p.R45L、SGIP1:p.R502L、SH3GL3:p.R174L、SH3PXD2A:p.S759L、SI:p.V1217F、SKOR1:p.Y883C、SLC1A2:p.F348fs、SLC24A5:p.R35S、SLC25A48:p.R101S、SLC35E2:p.R201L、SLC39A12:p.C628S、SLC39A6:p.R53L、SLC4A5:p.I533V、SLC5A1:p.G53W、SLC5A7:p.G442V、SLC6A11:p.W299L、SLC6A2:p.S354C、SLC8A1:p.G433C、SLIT1:p.R1460L、SLITRK5:p.R68L、SLITRK5:p.R468M、SLITRK6:p.N741K、SORL1:p.R205L、SOS1:p.N233Y、SOX9:p.E75K、SPAG16:p.V439L、SPIN4:p.Y171C、SPRR2D:p.P30fs、SPTA1:p.G2367C、SPTA1:p.D2243Y、SSX3:p.P127T、ST18:p.H778Q、STAC3:p.G117W、STOML3:p.D86Y、STX2:p.R107L、SUMF2:p.G110E、SUN3:p.P339Q、SV2C:p.P60Q、SYNDIG1:p.D135Y、SYNE1:p.K8632E、TARS2:p.E199K、TAS2R16:p.Q177H、TCOF1:p.K264R、TCTE1:p.S127I、TDO2:p.Q197H、THSD7A:p.G810W、THSD7A:p.R801L、TIFAB:p.D43E、TIGD4:p.S312F、TLL1:p.P53Q、TMPRSS11E:p.G259C、TMTC1:p.A864D、TMTC1:p.G212V、TMX3:p.R151C、TNNI1:p.R67L、TNR:p.L692I、TOP2A:p.R736L、TP53:p.R337L、TP53:p.E285K、TP53:p.R283P、TP53:p.D281N、TP53:p.C277F、TP53:p.V274F、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.I255F、TP53:p.R249S、TP53:p.M237I、TP53:p.S215I、TP53:p.C176F、TP53:p.R110L、TP53:p.G105C、TP53:p.P72fs、TPO:p.E558K、TRAF6:p.R502S、TRIM42:p.Q127K、TRIM48:p.A93D、TRIM4:p.R398L、TRIM51:p.W131C、TRIM9:p.R337S、TRIML1:p.H399Q、TRPM3:p.G298W、TSC1:p.G378C、TSG101:p.R276S、TSHZ1:p.K501N、TSHZ3:p.G677V、TTF2:p.R761S、TUBA3C:p.Q176fs、UBAC1:p.K330N、UBE2J2:p.G193W、UBR1:p.G1647W、UGT2B7:p.M214I、VMP1:p.E369Q、VPS13B:p.G2575W、VSTM2A:p.G75V、VWA3B:p.R557L、WBP11:p.P227fs、WDR52:p.G612C、WDR59:p.R837S、WDR75:p.P287Q、WDR88:p.G100W、ZCCHC5:p.G335W、ZFHX4:p.L811F、ZFHX4:p.T1663N、ZFHX4:p.H2511Q、ZFP14:p.Q17L、ZIC1:p.A112E、ZNF154:p.T408N、ZNF223:p.G23W、ZNF295:p.S732C、ZNF322:p.K106N、ZNF385D:p.T226S、ZNF454:p.S190I、ZNF492:p.P392H、ZNF521:p.G640C、ZNF521:p.P270H、ZNF536:p.G186C、ZNF536:p.G663W、ZNF644:p.G21W、ZNF716:p.H263L、ZNF71:p.V411L、ZNF782:p.G484W、ZNF831:p.Q617K、ZNF98:p.C492F、和ZSWIM2:p.S214Y。
54.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有LUSC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:PIK3CA:p.E545K、TP53:p.R158L、KRTAP5-5:p.GCG47del、NFE2L2:p.E79Q、CDKN2A:p.D108Y、DHX9:p.V40G、MAFA:p.207_208HH>H、NFE2L2:p.R34Q、PBX2:p.Y262F、PIK3CA:p.E542K、TP53:p.R273L、TP53:p.C242F、TP53:p.R175G、TP53:p.Y163C、TP53:p.V157F、AICDA:p.R131G、ALPK2:p.D53N、ANKFN1:p.M280I、ARPC1A:p.F212L、ASXL2:p.S1081L、C1orf74:p.D254N、C3orf30:p.D227E、CCDC121:p.W397L、CHN2:p.I43M、CLEC4C:p.R179L、CLN3:p.G206S、CNTN5:p.T178N、COL12A1:p.G2753C、CPS1:p.T855K、CSMD3:p.T1094K、CSMD3:p.Q691K、DDX11:p.R167T、EGFR:p.L861Q、EME1:p.D570H、EP300:p.D1399N、ESYT3:p.S574F、FAM135B:p.L648M、FAM135B:p.Q285H、FAM47A:p.G372W、FBXW7:p.R505G、FGFR3:p.S249C、GALNT13:p.G358C、GNL3L:p.K20N、GPC5:p.R347L、HCN1:p.A714S、HCN1:p.R659L、HCN1:p.G499V、HCN1:p.P326T、HERC2P3:p.A803V、HEXDC:p.T482P、HIST1H3B:p.E74K、HIST2H2BE:p.G54D、IFNA10:p.V79A、IL7R:p.S54L、INADL:p.P1340A、ISX:p.C2F、ITGAX:p.R685H、ITPR1:p.E1883Q、KCNN3:p.80_81insQQ、KEAP1:p.G480W、KEAP1:p.R470C、KEAP1:p.V155F、KIAA1751:p.L63F、KIAA2022:p.C345F、KIR3DL2:p.K229E、KLF5:p.E419Q、LAMA4:p.M1293I、LMLN:p.G199C、LRP2:p.A516V、LRRC66:p.F458L、LSG1:p.R517L、LUM:p.R310L、MB21D2:p.Q311E、MCHR1:p.S306F、MKRN3:p.G270V、MUC16:p.N11594K、NFE2L2:p.G81S、NFE2L2:p.G31A、NFE2L2:p.L30F、NFE2L2:p.D29H、OR2B11:p.G10V、OR2T2:p.F13V、OR4K2:p.C254F、OR51F2:p.R67P、OR51S1:p.R159Q、OR5D18:p.T271K、OR8H2:p.L166F、OR8J3:p.S160L、OR8K3:p.K235N、PCDHB1:p.N568K、PHIP:p.I1681M、PIK3CA:p.E726K、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、PLCE1:p.G439C、PRSS57:p.E39Q、PYHIN1:p.G148A、RANBP6:p.I984L、RBMXL1:p.G305C、REG1B:p.M67I、RGS6:p.W366L、RNF5:p.T136I、RP1:p.S1771L、RRP15:p.L214F、RYR2:p.E711K、SAMD3:p.Q206H、SLITRK3:p.R214L、SON:p.S908L、SP4:p.E11del、STK11:p.G279fs、TARBP1:p.L782V、TBCD:p.R476C、TMPRSS11F:p.R274Q、TP53:p.R337L、TP53:p.E271K、TP53:p.R267P、TP53:p.G245V、TP53:p.Y234C、TP53:p.Y220C、TP53:p.H214R、TP53:p.H193L、TP53:p.H179L、TPTE:p.M541I、TRIM7:p.L332I、TTN:p.T32425M、ZFP36L2:p.D240N、ZNF208:p.H883Q、ZNF48:p.R235H、ZNF626:p.K473R、ZNF676:p.P43T、ZZZ3:p.R162Q。
55.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有OV;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.Y220C、TP53:p.R248Q、TP53:p.R175H、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.I195T、TP53:p.R248W、TP53:p.R282W、TP53:p.C176Y、TP53:p.V157F、TP53:p.S241F、TP53:p.H179R、TP53:p.G245S、TP53:p.H193R、ADCY2:p.V888I、B2M:p.M1V、BAP1:p.R227C、CYP4A11:p.V185F、DNAH5:p.R3197Q、GART:p.K807fs、GRIN2B:p.R519Q、HRNR:p.M1fs、KLHL29:p.L716fs、KRAS:p.G12V、MGA:p.R2435Q、MYO3A:p.N525S、NPAS2:p.Q201R、NRAS:p.Q61R、PDAP1:p.K55fs、PGAP1:p.F565C、TP53:p.S315fs、TP53:p.C275Y、TP53:p.R273L、TP53:p.V272M、TP53:p.G266V、TP53:p.G266R、TP53:p.D259Y、TP53:p.P250L、TP53:p.G245D、TP53:p.G245V、TP53:p.G244C、TP53:p.C238fs、TP53:p.Y236C、TP53:p.Y234C、TP53:p.V216M、TP53:p.S215R、TP53:p.Y205C、TP53:p.L194R、TP53:p.P191del、TP53:p.Y163C、TP53:p.A159V、TP53:p.K132N、TRPC7:p.D210V、UXS1:p.V100L、WNT11:p.C344Y、和ZNF295:p.E885A。
56.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有READ;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:KRAS:p.G12V、TP53:p.R273H、KRAS:p.A146T、KRAS:p.G12D、TP53:p.R175H、AKAP9:p.L3482I、APBA1:p.E624K、BAG5:p.D439N、C17orf97:p.E230D、CDH23:p.F177L、CERS3:p.E95D、DNAH5:p.R982H、ERBB2:p.V842I、GABRB3:p.D500N、KRAS:p.G13D、KRAS:p.G12C、KRAS:p.G12S、LRP6:p.R675Q、MACF1:p.F722L、MBOAT2:p.R43Q、MYO1D:p.E246K、NLRC4:p.E409K、NRAP:p.E327K、NRAS:p.Q61K、PCDH15:p.R1552I、PIK3CA:p.N345K、PIK3CA:p.E545K、POLE:p.S459F、PPP2R2B:p.P326L、SMAD4:p.R361H、TP53:p.R248W、ZFP2:p.R150I、和ZNF563:p.K26N。
57.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有SKCM;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:BRAF:p.V600E、NRAS:p.Q61R、NRAS:p.Q61K、HSD17B7P2:p.N175S、BRAF:p.V600K、DISP1:p.G732L、IDH1:p.R132C、NRAS:p.Q61L、MUC16:p.P5119S、RAC1:p.P29S、WASH3P:p.G175S、AGAP9:p.M248V、C15orf23:p.S24F、DNAH5:p.D3236N、SPTLC3:p.R97K、TMC5:p.R276C、CFB:p.R314M、FRG1B:p.A50P、INMT:p.S212F、LOC649330:p.G93E、MAP2K1:p.P124S、RGS7:p.R44C、STK19:p.D89N、ADAM30:p.G97L、ARL16:p.G6R、ARMC4:p.E22K、BRAF:p.K601E、CAPN13:p.P405S、CD1C:p.R89C、CLCC1:p.P406Q、CNTN5:p.S379F、DNAH5:p.R742Q、EEF1B2:p.S43G、FRG1B:p.I59V、GABRG1:p.E205K、IARS2:p.R832C、IL32:p.D218fs、ISX:p.R86C、KLHDC7A:p.E635K、NAP1L4:p.P285Q、NBPF10:p.Q908E、OR2A5:p.S71L、OR4E2:p.R226Q、OR4M1:p.G41E、OR4M2:p.S268F、OR4N2:p.G41E、OR51B2:p.S163L、PCDHGC5:p.R293C、PCLO:p.R4133C、PHGDH:p.G173L、POTEG:p.D51N、PPP6C:p.R301C、PRAMEF11:p.C84S、PSG9:p.E404K、PTPRB:p.D1560N、RNF152:p.P95S、SPAG16:p.P488S、SPATA8:p.E18K、TAF1A:p.R172M、TCEB3C:p.E308K、THSD7B:p.E126K、TTN:p.E12129K、XIRP2:p.D2439N、和ZNF831:p.R1393Q。
58.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有UCEC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:RPL22:p.K15fs、PTEN:p.R130G、PTEN:p.R130Q、KRAS:p.G12D、KRAS:p.G12V、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、PIK3CA:p.R88Q、PIK3CA:p.E545K、PTEN:p.V317fs、FGFR2:p.S252W、PIK3CA:p.E542K、CTNNB1:p.S37F、POLE:p.P286R、PPP2R1A:p.P179R、CTNNB1:p.S37C、KRAS:p.G13D、CTNNB1:p.D32N、CTNNB1:p.S33F、CTNNB1:p.G34R、KIAA2026:p.R574C、LIMCH1:p.R806fs、PIK3CA:p.H1047L、ALPK2:p.K523fs、CTNNB1:p.S33C、FBXW7:p.R505C、HPD:p.R284fs、KRAS:p.G12A、PIK3CA:p.R93Q、POLE:p.V411L、TP53:p.R248W、ABCA11P:p.R385I、ABI1:p.K445N、ACSM2B:p.K195N、APOB:p.F3102L、ASCC3:p.R136Q、C12orf4:p.R335Q、CCDC132:p.R838C、CHD4:p.R975H、CSDE1:p.R220C、CTNNB1:p.D32Y、CTNNB1:p.S33Y、CTNNB1:p.T41I、EXOC1:p.R588C、FBXW7:p.R465H、FGFR2:p.N549K、FUBP1:p.R430C、GEN1:p.S509L、IK:p.E90fs、KIF20B:p.E54K、MAX:p.H28R、MBOAT2:p.R43Q、METTL14:p.R298P、MFGE8:p.D170N、MS4A8B:p.S3L、NSMCE1:p.D244N、OXR1:p.E122K、PCDH19:p.E530K、PIK3CA:p.R108H、PIK3CA:p.N345K、PIK3CA:p.C420R、PIK3CA:p.Q546P、PIK3CA:p.Q546R、PTEN:p.R130L、RBL2:p.E127K、RXFP1:p.S223Y、SF3B1:p.R957Q、SLC20A1:p.P328fs、SOX17:p.S403I、TNS1:p.Q659del、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.R248Q、TTN:p.D16823N、TXNL1:p.R234C、ZFHX3:p.R1893fs、ZNF180:p.R625I、ZNF257:p.R392I、ZNF354B:p.D609N、ZNF43:p.R280C、ZNF709:p.R468I、ZNF765:p.S254L、ABCA5:p.R1476Q、ACVR1:p.R206H、ADAD1:p.S11L、ADAM9:p.R256Q、ADD3:p.E570K、ADGB:p.S1124L、AGXT2:p.R502C、AMBN:p.S225Y、ANKDD1A:p.R24H、ARHGEF33:p.R46I、ATP10B:p.L1304I、ATP2C1:p.E724K、ATP9A:p.R290Q、ATR:p.R1814fs、AVL9:p.F34L、BMPER:p.R241Q、BTN3A2:p.E153K、C14orf118:p.R279I、C14orf166B:p.F230L、C3orf23:p.R217C、C3orf62:p.R185Q、CACNA1C:p.S710L、CAGE1:p.E539K、CARD10:p.KE272del、CCDC144A:p.S1264L、CCDC168:p.D5020Y、CCDC36:p.R209I、CD55:p.E156K、CEP44:p.S253L、CIITA:p.E728K、CREBBP:p.P2094L、CTNNB1:p.S37A、CTTNBP2:p.S420L、DCT:p.R532Q、DIAPH2:p.E121K、DLG2:p.S624L、DNAH10:p.R1888Q、DNAH14:p.R1367C、DNAH7:p.R2961Q、DNAH8:p.R1347H、DNAJC13:p.E1248K、DNMT1:p.E51K、DST:p.S1767Y、DYNC2H1:p.E883D、EMR1:p.R631Q、EPHX4:p.R282Q、ERCC6L2:p.L445I、F10:p.E117K、FAM155B:p.E158K、FAM83B:p.R206Q、FARP1:p.S383L、FAT3:p.A4159T、FBXW7:p.R689W、FBXW7:p.R465C、FBXW7:p.G423V、FN1:p.R290C、FZD6:p.R416Q、GABRA3:p.R73H、GABRA4:p.R460Q、GALNTL2:p.E395K、GFAP:p.A233T、GGA2:p.A63V、GIGYF2:p.R227H、GNPTAB:p.R1189Q、GPR112:p.S1283Y、GPR98:p.R4142W、GRIA3:p.S646Y、GRM6:p.E363D、HMCN1:p.S133Y、HSPA4L:p.R483C、HTR2A:p.S219L、INTS7:p.R940C、INTS7:p.R106I、ITM2C:p.E167K、JAKMIP2:p.R283I、KCND3:p.S438L、KCNS2:p.D211N、KDM1B:p.F361L、KIAA0556:p.L330I、KIAA1147:p.A149V、KIF23:p.R150Q、KIF27:p.K925N、KIF9:p.R594Q、KLHL13:p.E213K、KLHL28:p.E33K、LIN9:p.R183W、LRBA:p.E2103K、LRP2:p.R2432I、MAGI2:p.L450M、MC5R:p.A109T、MEGF10:p.S1053L、MKI67:p.T1664fs、MKLN1:p.F485L、MMRN1:p.F917L、MSH4:p.E730K、MTOR:p.S2215Y、MUC7:p.S336L、MYBPC2:p.R646H、N4BP2L2:p.R506C、NAPSA:p.R121Q、NCOA7:p.E369D、NCR1:p.R258W、NEK11:p.R374Q、NHEJ1:p.R109Q、NNMT:p.E233K、NOTCH4:p.15_16LL>L、NPY1R:p.A371T、NRAS:p.Q61R、OGDHL:p.R57C、OMA1:p.R445Q、OPRM1:p.R462C、OR4C12:p.F248L、OR5AK2:p.K89N、OSBPL6:p.R577Q、PCDHAC2:p.K138N、PCDHB12:p.R289C、PCDHGC5:p.A70T、PIK3CA:p.R38H、PIK3CA:p.E39K、PIK3CA:p.E110del、PIK3CA:p.K111E、PIK3CA:p.Q546K、PIK3CA:p.M1043V、PIK3CA:p.M1043I、PLA2G3:p.R201Q、PLXNA1:p.E1295K、PON1:p.R306Q、POTEE:p.R303I、POTEF:p.K674N、PPP2R1A:p.S256F、PPP2R3B:p.F310L、PRAM1:p.A268T、PREX1:p.E1246K、PRKCQ:p.A324V、PTEN:p.R130P、PVRL4:p.A358T、RAI2:p.S385Y、RBM39:p.T353I、RELN:p.F2722L、RFPL1:p.R148Q、ROBO2:p.D1018N、ROS1:p.R245I、RPS6KA6:p.S394Y、RSBN1:p.E572K、RYR1:p.A2576T、SACS:p.R2906Q、SCAPER:p.R366Q、SELP:p.R429W、SENP7:p.S673Y、SEPHS1:p.E13K、SFRP4:p.R232Q、SGK1:p.K367del、SIX1:p.E191K、SLC10A7:p.S261L、SLC12A2:p.R828Q、SLC16A14:p.R495Q、SLC7A2:p.R322W、SMCR8:p.E175K、SOS1:p.N233Y、SPOP:p.E50K、STRN3:p.K218N、STXBP6:p.D92N、SULT1E1:p.R77Q、SUN3:p.L124I、SUSD1:p.R343C、SYNM:p.R516Q、TAF1:p.R843W、TDRD3:p.R322Q、THADA:p.S1941L、TLN2:p.S208L、TMEM161B:p.R315Q、TMPRSS3:p.R16Q、TP53:p.Y220C、TPTE:p.S423L、TRANK1:p.E846K、TRPC5:p.S490L、TRPM3:p.R429W、TSSK1B:p.E301K、TTLL7:p.R751H、TTN:p.S20317L、TTN:p.E6404K、TTN:p.R4434Q、TTN:p.R2506Q、UGT8:p.E102K、USF1:p.R52Q、USP16:p.R455Q、USP25:p.R873H、USP33:p.R36Q、VPRBP:p.R802Q、VPS13B:p.R692Q、WDR65:p.F110C、YTHDC2:p.E185K、ZFYVE1:p.R266Q、ZKSCAN1:p.R541fs、ZNF117:p.R157I、ZNF180:p.R569I、ZNF195:p.R59Q、ZNF254:p.K179N、ZNF263:p.R510I、ZNF333:p.R554Q、ZNF354B:p.R402I、ZNF442:p.R309Q、ZNF454:p.R376I、ZNF485:p.R374I、ZNF488:p.R206Q、ZNF559:p.E284K、ZNF594:p.R287I、ZNF611:p.R390I、ZNF645:p.R154C、ZNF649:p.R338Q、ZNF649:p.R198I、ZNF674:p.R405I、ZNF675:p.R220I、ZNF678:p.R564I、ZNF732:p.R354I、ZNF780A:p.R466Q、ZNF823:p.R547I、ZNF836:p.R854I、ZNF836:p.R630I、ZNF841:p.R757I、和ZNF98:p.R370I。
59.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有ACC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:ZFPM1:p.EPL444del、GARS:p.P42A、ZNF517:p.V349A、LRIG1:p.L24V、CCDC102A:p.R96W、OPRD1:p.C27F、SOWAHA:p.R124P、LACTB:p.M5L、TOR3A:p.F13L、ZFPM1:p.E444fs、ZNF787:p.D367del、LRIG1:p.L26V、IRX3:p.L422P、TRIOBP:p.H1300R、TUBA1C:p.L146F、ZFPM1:p.P445fs、ZFPM1:p.446_447LA>P、TPO:p.S398T、USP42:p.R779P、ERCC2:p.D312N、GLTPD2:p.D209E、OTOP1:p.LLW104del、RINL:p.P402L、AMDHD1:p.S3G、ASPDH:p.Q266R、KCNK17:p.S21G、TMEM247:p.Q128E、MUC5B:p.D682G、OBSCN:p.R4516W、FAM184B:p.R784W、SEMA5B:p.V840D、ZNF598:p.E25G、ADAD2:p.G44E、C1orf106:p.R538C、ZAR1:p.Q42H、PANK2:p.G126A、PODXL:p.28_30PSP>P、SALL3:p.L593V、THEM4:p.L17R、C2orf81:p.T315P、CLDN23:p.V210M、FAM109A:p.GGG156del、FPGS:p.I22V、HHIPL1:p.V692A、MUC5B:p.M2869T、PLEC:p.R1386Q、SYT8:p.R373W、TAF5:p.S130A、TMEM189-UBE2V1:p.N6D、UQCRFS1:p.S6A、B3GNT6:p.L316fs、CCDC105:p.P499T、CLIC6:p.Q298E、IDUA:p.T374P、NOTCH2:p.C19W、RGS9BP:p.A96S、RREB1:p.G783V、SP8:p.G165del、WDR34:p.W60G、C19orf10:p.G12R、CELSR2:p.16_17insP、FAM75C1:p.71_71H>HLVSQRH、GPRIN2:p.R446H、KBTBD13:p.A81V、OGFR:p.S557T、PODXL:p.30_30P>PSP、BHLHE22:p.L62Q、C4orf32:p.G32E、C5orf65:p.Q245R、KNDC1:p.V806D、KRTAP10-6:p.49_49P>PSCCAP、LRP11:p.P92R、MAP1S:p.S411C、NOL9:p.S58A、RASIP1:p.R601C、RGMB:p.S63R、SARM1:p.R23P、TSC22D2:p.A419T、ZNF628:p.T230A、ZNF814:p.A337V、AATK:p.A541T、BTBD11:p.G265A、CRIPAK:p.C143R、KCTD3:p.F9V、KRT8:p.S59A、MUC5B:p.S681G、NCOR2:p.1846_1847insSSG、OGFR:p.E556K、APOE:p.C130R、C10orf95:p.A85S、C13orf33:p.R59G、CRIPAK:p.C174R、FAM18B2:p.C51Y、GLI3:p.P998L、GLTSCR2:p.Q389R、HECTD2:p.P19A、IRF2BPL:p.123_125QQQ>Q、MEX3C:p.179_182AAAA>A、NEFH:p.EE658del、RNF149:p.S9G、RNF222:p.A133T、SEZ6L2:p.R74P、TNIP2:p.R73G、ARRDC4:p.T79A、B3GNT6:p.P330fs、BAG1:p.G45R、C22orf26:p.P28L、CHDH:p.E40A、COQ2:p.V66L、CTGF:p.H83D、DLEU7:p.A83V、EPPK1:p.D2378H、FAM86C1:p.R30P、FZD1:p.93_94insP、GPRIN2:p.V241M、GPX1:p.11_13AAA>A、HES3:p.P96T、JMJD4:p.A11V、KANK3:p.R359H、LPPR2:p.A186S、NEFH:p.665_666insEE、NOM1:p.R24G、RNF39:p.G263C、SCRT1:p.S133A、SNED1:p.L1228P、TTLL11:p.122_123insKA、ZCCHC3:p.A159del、ZNF219:p.QP233del、ASB16:p.T249A、ASB2:p.H515P、ATP9B:p.S39G、AVL9:p.G7fs、C17orf96:p.L63V、C19orf29:p.A499V、CRB2:p.T1110M、CRIPAK:p.P173R、CRIPAK:p.I190L、CSGALNACT2:p.L362F、CTBS:p.LAL31del、CTNNB1:p.S45P、DMRT1:p.S45T、DOK7:p.G461D、FBRSL1:p.A836V、FEZ2:p.P50L、FRG1:p.S169N、HSD17B1:p.G313S、IBA57:p.S130R、KIF1A:p.E917D、KRTAP9-1:p.160_160Q>QPSCGSSCCQ、LURAP1L:p.55_56insGGG、NMU:p.A19E、NMU:p.A18E、NOXA1:p.D6E、NPTX1:p.G100D、PLIN5:p.R306W、TBP:p.95_96insQ、TMEM200C:p.S498G、TNXB:p.V706fs、VARS:p.P51S、ZC3H12D:p.P405S、和ZZEF1:p.V30A。
60.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有CESC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3CA:p.E542K、MAPK1:p.E322K、EP300:p.D1399N、ERBB2:p.S310F、ERBB3:p.V104M、KRAS:p.G12D、ANKRD12:p.E721Q、ANKRD36:p.M1144T、MICA:p.G318fs、PIK3CA:p.E726K、PTEN:p.R130Q、ABCD1:p.S606P、ACTL7B:p.E211K、ADAM21:p.F129C、ADAMTS12:p.P1053A、AKT1:p.E17K、ANKLE1:p.V643L、ANO3:p.M956I、AOAH:p.R326T、APOD:p.S115L、ASCC1:p.H207Y、ATM:p.S800F、AURKA:p.S387L、BAG5:p.M286I、C12orf43:p.E28Q、C16orf3:p.G65S、C3orf70:p.S6L、C4orf21:p.E800Q、CALB2:p.K60N、CALCB:p.R81T、CCDC152:p.E153Q、CCDC53:p.R58C、CDC27:p.P242S、CFHR5:p.R441H、CLOCK:p.L123fs、CMYA5:p.E2733K、CNTRL:p.P185S、CSHL1:p.R117Q、CSMD3:p.H952Y、CTNNB1:p.D32G、CTSH:p.E254Q、DHPS:p.F49L、DMPK:p.R44H、DNAH14:p.F622fs、DNAH3:p.E3367Q、DNAH8:p.E587D、DNASE1L1:p.D212N、ECE2:p.D254N、FAM71B:p.H445D、FAM73A:p.G23V、FAS:p.E261K、FBXW7:p.R505G、FBXW7:p.R465C、FEZF2:p.E82K、FKBPL:p.E161Q、FMNL1:p.E927Q、GPATCH3:p.E275Q、GPR142:p.R304T、GPRIN2:p.T100P、GRAMD2:p.I123M、HERC2:p.S329F、HGF:p.G229A、HIF3A:p.A72T、HIST1H1B:p.K188N、HIST1H2AL:p.R30P、HIST2H2AC:p.R30P、HLA-C:p.N104K、HLA-DPB1:p.G114fs、HRNR:p.G2539S、INVS:p.R799K、JPH3:p.Q433H、JUP:p.S627L、KIAA1211:p.R308fs、KIAA1211:p.E309fs、KLK2:p.E161K、KRAS:p.G13D、KRAS:p.G12V、LIN9:p.E231K、LOC151174:p.P90S、LRRC37A3:p.A406D、LRTM2:p.L176V、MEPE:p.S30T、MUC12:p.R2634C、MUC4:p.S2936L、MYOM2:p.D988N、NFE2L2:p.D29H、NOTCH2:p.R2298W、NPIPL1:p.P250L、NR5A2:p.E80K、NYAP2:p.R197Q、OBSL1:p.E1642K、OR13C2:p.L9V、OSBP:p.Q721H、PAOX:p.H107Y、PDILT:p.E500K、PIAS3:p.D460N、PLEKHO2:p.E351Q、PNRC1:p.R73C、PPP4R1:p.L597F、PREP:p.F469L、PRKDC:p.Q3568E、PSME3:p.R231W、RANBP6:p.R915W、RCAN2:p.D440N、RNPC3:p.E116fs、SDHAP1:p.H66Y、SDHAP2:p.S37fs、SERPINA3:p.K158N、SERPINA4:p.R98C、SF1:p.R255W、SGSM1:p.E818K、SIM1:p.V213M、SLC10A4:p.F281L、SLC25A5:p.I79F、SLC35G2:p.K62fs、SLC4A9:p.R617C、SLCO2A1:p.M479I、SND1:p.Q38E、SPATA17:p.R72K、SRSF12:p.S150C、TADA2B:p.E67K、TCTEX1D2:p.S74L、TEDDM1:p.M166I、TEX15:p.E1652Q、TMC2:p.E92D、TMEM131:p.E1319Q、TNKS2:p.T619fs、TNS1:p.Q659del、TP53:p.E285K、TRAF3:p.S9F、TRIM61:p.K98N、TRPM1:p.M996I、TUFT1:p.L101F、U2AF1:p.S34F、UNC93B1:p.V498M、USP4:p.L259V、VCAN:p.S1308C、WDR17:p.P278S、ZBED4:p.S385L、ZEB2:p.E1094K、ZFYVE9:p.M1147I、ZNF16:p.R452W、ZNF677:p.R131T、和ZSWIM4:p.E407K。
61.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有CRC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:KRAS:p.G12D、KRAS:p.G12V、BRAF:p.V600E、KRAS:p.G13D、TP53:p.R175H、PIK3CA:p.E545K、FBXW7:p.R465H、KRAS:p.A146T、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、TP53:p.R248W、CDC27:p.D555E、SMAD4:p.R361H、TP53:p.R273H、KRAS:p.G12C、NRAS:p.Q61K、ERBB2:p.V842I、ERBB3:p.V104M、FBXW7:p.R465C、PIK3CA:p.R88Q、PIK3CA:p.E542K、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.G245S、AXIN2:p.G665fs、C16orf45:p.T106N、C20orf26:p.R1088Q、DNMT1:p.E432K、FBXW7:p.R505C、HLCS:p.E362K、HPSE2:p.K58N、KIF14:p.R598Q、KIF18A:p.R17C、KIF20B:p.E991K、KLHL5:p.R326C、KLK2:p.P57T、KRAS:p.G12A、KRAS:p.G12S、LPHN3:p.R1183Q、LRP6:p.R675Q、MYH8:p.R1048Q、NRAP:p.E327K、NRAS:p.G12C、PIK3CA:p.N345K、POSTN:p.R508C、PPP2R1A:p.R183W、PTEN:p.R130Q、RAF1:p.S257L、SDK1:p.T1181M、SGSM1:p.F1117L、TCF7L2:p.R482fs、TP53:p.R282W、TRIM23:p.R289Q、UGT8:p.E102K、ZNF491:p.R343Q、A2M:p.R732Q、AADACL4:p.A266T、ABCA8:p.E1158K、ABCA8:p.R842Q、ABCA8:p.A696T、ABCB8:p.R345H、ACACA:p.R1731C、ACADM:p.F48C、ACOT9:p.R50Q、ACPP:p.R105Q、ACTL7B:p.R354H、ACTL9:p.R331H、ACVR1:p.S290L、ADAM30:p.S314Y、ADAM32:p.R559Q、ADAMTS16:p.D817N、ADAMTS4:p.R156W、ADCY5:p.R661H、AGMAT:p.V313M、AGPAT4:p.A212T、AKAP12:p.E1282K、AKAP9:p.L3482I、ALB:p.S294L、ALDH1L1:p.A870T、ALG2:p.S302Y、AMOTL1:p.R676Q、AMPD1:p.K502N、AMPH:p.R292W、ANKRD6:p.R479C、APBA1:p.K730N、APBA1:p.E624K、APC:p.E847fs、APC:p.F1354fs、APC:p.M1413fs、APOB:p.R3136C、APOB:p.A43V、APPL1:p.R668W、AQPEP:p.A309T、ARF4:p.R149H、ARFGEF1:p.D1632N、ARHGAP32:p.E1253K、ARHGAP36:p.R128C、ARHGAP36:p.A147V、ARHGAP5:p.D890fs、ARNTL:p.T395M、ARPP21:p.R338H、ARSG:p.V131I、ASCC3:p.R1197Q、ATP10D:p.R311H、ATP6V0A4:p.R191Q、ATP9B:p.R265Q、AXDND1:p.E930D、AXIN2:p.W663fs、B2M:p.L13fs、B3GALNT1:p.R145Q、BACH1:p.R538Q、BAG5:p.D439N、BBOX1:p.F176V、BCL2L11:p.R91Q、BCL7A:p.T52M、BCLAF1:p.R37fs、BEND5:p.R198C、BICD2:p.R162H、BLVRA:p.S44L、BMP3:p.R344W、BNC2:p.R512W、BRPF1:p.R66C、BRWD3:p.R787C、BTBD7:p.S436L、BUB1B:p.F996L、BZRAP1:p.V1627I、C11orf30:p.R1111C、C14orf101:p.E295K、C14orf102:p.D115N、C14orf105:p.R100I、C15orf2:p.V488I、C15orf33:p.D340N、C16orf87:p.R151I、C1RL:p.L351fs、C22orf40:p.P32fs、C3orf39:p.R333W、C5orf30:p.D4N、C5orf4:p.R114Q、C6orf170:p.K724T、C7orf63:p.A10T、CACHD1:p.S720Y、CACNA1A:p.T665M、CACNA2D3:p.A332T、CACNB2:p.R608H、CACNG3:p.V134I、CACNG3:p.A138V、CACNG5:p.G121R、CADM1:p.S190L、CADPS:p.A1073T、CAPRIN2:p.E13K、CARD11:p.R423Q、CASC1:p.R54Q、CASP14:p.R5W、CBFB:p.E152K、CC2D2A:p.R1284C、CCDC18:p.K615N、CCDC60:p.R230H、CCDC81:p.R259I、CCDC88C:p.P1851fs、CCKBR:p.V236M、CD101:p.D283Y、CD101:p.R594Q、CD180:p.N228T、CDC14B:p.R375C、CDCA7L:p.P405fs、CDH10:p.E349K、CDH12:p.D674N、CDH20:p.A134V、CDH23:p.F177L、CDH2:p.D547Y、CDH9:p.F523L、CDK16:p.R108C、CEACAM5:p.L640I、CEP152:p.E21K、CERS3:p.E95D、CHD4:p.R975H、CHD5:p.A801T、CIZ1:p.V668A、CLEC18A:p.R423H、CLTCL1:p.R481W、CMAS:p.R110Q、CNRIP1:p.R102W、COBLL1:p.K732N、COL14A1:p.R1082I、COL17A1:p.P1004L、COL4A6:p.L550I、COL6A3:p.D2792N、COPB1:p.R425C、CORO2A:p.*526R、COX15:p.L86I、CSMD1:p.S781Y、CTCFL:p.E423K、CTDNEP1:p.E126K、CTTNBP2:p.R164C、CYP4B1:p.E434D、DACH2:p.R539C、DBC1:p.V216I、DBF4B:p.S254Y、DCHS2:p.F2149L、DCLK2:p.S549Y、DDI1:p.R275Q、DENND4A:p.P357H、DENND4C:p.R1081Q、DHTKD1:p.R410Q、DISP1:p.R763C、DKK2:p.R230H、DKK4:p.R203Q、DLC1:p.A350V、DLC1:p.E222D、DMD:p.R3195H、DNAH5:p.R982H、DNAH5:p.R224Q、DNAH9:p.D1547N、DNAJC24:p.E61K、DNM1:p.A251T、DNMT1:p.E1531Q、DNMT3B:p.R92W、DOCK10:p.A1830V、DOCK1:p.E864K、DOCK2:p.G170R、DOCK3:p.R1183C、DOCK5:p.E177K、DOK5:p.R274W、DPP8:p.G165R、DPY19L1:p.F378L、DUOX2:p.F880L、DVL2:p.A601fs、EBAG9:p.E187K、EBF3:p.G255fs、EDNRB:p.L450R、EGR2:p.R390H、EHD3:p.E44K、EIF2C1:p.R139Q、ELF3:p.F305fs、ELMOD2:p.T141M、EMR2:p.S75L、ENAM:p.R373H、ENOX2:p.R356W、ENTPD7:p.E327K、EPG5:p.D369N、EPHB2:p.R392H、ERCC6:p.V780I、ERCC6L:p.R505Q、ERRFI1:p.A421T、ESCO1:p.R300Q、ETV6:p.R369W、F8:p.S2269Y、FAM123B:p.F173fs、FAM135B:p.R884H、FAM169B:p.K165N、FAM170A:p.E56K、FAM171B:p.D459N、FAM181A:p.R109H、FAM5B:p.R402C、FBXO11:p.A432V、FBXW7:p.R689W、FBXW7:p.S582L、FBXW7:p.R14Q、FGF14:p.A236V、FHDC1:p.R254W、FHOD3:p.A225T、FHOD3:p.E813K、FMO3:p.F510L、FNDC1:p.R652H、FOXK1:p.R354W、FOXN3:p.P96fs、FPGT-TNNI3K:p.R455H、FZD3:p.D367N、GABRA4:p.R460Q、GABRA5:p.S126N、GABRB3:p.D500N、GALNTL5:p.R262I、GJA1:p.R362Q、GLRA3:p.L454I、GLRA3:p.F132L、GOLGA4:p.Q1536H、GP2:p.S41L、GPC6:p.A214T、GPLD1:p.R717Q、GPR125:p.R113Q、GPR156:p.F754L、GPR158:p.D566N、GPR21:p.R216H、GPR61:p.A62T、GPR98:p.R4142W、GPRC5A:p.V30I、GRAP2:p.E69D、GRIA1:p.R218C、GRIA2:p.R845Q、GRM7:p.R679Q、GTF3A:p.K306N、HAO1:p.R172C、HARS2:p.R168H、HBB:p.F42L、HCN4:p.R525H、HDAC5:p.A1044T、HGF:p.S467Y、HIPK4:p.R280H、HLA-DMA:p.E84K、HMG20A:p.E248D、HPS3:p.S468L、HRSP12:p.R120Q、HS3ST1:p.E287K、HTR3B:p.R236C、HTR5A:p.R152C、HTT:p.D1548N、HYDIN:p.R1187C、HYDIN:p.R939Q、HYDIN:p.R451Q、HYOU1:p.R158C、IFT172:p.A944V、IGJ:p.R77Q、IL17RA:p.Q803fs、IL1RAPL2:p.T647M、IL3:p.A90T、IL5RA:p.L47I、INPP5D:p.R523Q、INPP5K:p.R263C、IRAK3:p.R267Q、IREB2:p.R419Q、ITGA4:p.T673M、ITGA4:p.F900L、ITIH5:p.A912T、ITK:p.E196K、JAG1:p.A462T、JAK1:p.V310I、KAL1:p.V303I、KBTBD8:p.V549I、KCNA3:p.A415V、KCND3:p.S438L、KCNMB4:p.F209L、KCTD20:p.L314fs、KDELC1:p.L447I、KIAA0528:p.R181Q、KIAA0556:p.R1082W、KIAA1109:p.S4937Y、KIAA1804:p.V474M、KIAA1804:p.R477W、KIF16B:p.R145Q、KIF26B:p.A1114V、KPNA4:p.R29Q、KRAS:p.K117N、KRAS:p.Q61L、KRAS:p.Q61K、KRT6B:p.L197P、L1CAM:p.T186M、LALBA:p.A41T、LAMA4:p.A558V、LBX1:p.R176W、LPAR4:p.R145Q、LRP1B:p.K2623N、LRP2:p.R3043C、LRP2:p.S737L、LRRC18:p.R218W、LRRC31:p.K23T、LRRC7:p.R1389H、LZTS2:p.P100fs、MACF1:p.S292L、MACF1:p.F722L、MAEL:p.R345C、MAGEE1:p.V380M、MAGI1:p.R1198C、MAP1B:p.E2046D、MAP2:p.K530N、MAP2K4:p.R287H、MAP3K4:p.R275Q、MAP7D2:p.R487C、MAPK8IP1:p.L217fs、MBOAT2:p.R43Q、MCF2L2:p.R926Q、MECOM:p.R969C、METTL16:p.R200Q、METTL21A:p.R174Q、METTL6:p.F56L、MFF:p.R162C、MFSD5:p.R280Q、MIA3:p.Q356H、MMAA:p.R326C、MORC1:p.D113Y、MORC2:p.R740H、MPDZ:p.L804I、MR1:p.S46L、MRPL47:p.L234I、MS4A8B:p.S3L、MSH4:p.K464N、MSH6:p.T1085fs、MSH6:p.R1095H、MUC16:p.R8606H、MYH13:p.D311N、MYH7:p.R1689C、MYO1D:p.E246K、MYO3A:p.N525H、MYO6:p.D1180N、MYO9A:p.R2179Q、MYO9A:p.R167Q、MYOZ2:p.E251K、MYT1:p.E226K、NAA25:p.S807Y、NCAM1:p.R474W、NCOA4:p.R562Q、NEB:p.D5434N、NEB:p.L1591I、NEB:p.E1214K、NEDD9:p.A798T、NEDD9:p.A316T、NEK1:p.R608C、NFASC:p.V256I、NINL:p.R1366C、NLRC4:p.D593N、NLRC4:p.E409K、NLRP4:p.V229I、NLRP5:p.R392H、NME9:p.E75K、NOLC1:p.T428M、NPC1:p.E451K、NPSR1:p.R235Q、NRAS:p.Q61L、NRAS:p.G13R、NRAS:p.G12D、NRG2:p.T246M、NTN4:p.E59K、NUB1:p.R373Q、NUDT15:p.S83Y、NUF2:p.S340L、NUP88:p.A302V、ODZ1:p.R2556W、OGDHL:p.A427T、OGFRL1:p.E427K、OLFM4:p.K132N、OPRM1:p.R353H、OR10A3:p.S93Y、OR2M3:p.R235H、OR52W1:p.R133C、OR5AU1:p.R312H、OR5B17:p.R163H、OR8S1:p.A99V、OSTN:p.R115Q、OTOL1:p.V431I、OTUD3:p.R277I、PAN3:p.S580N、PANK3:p.R260I、PAX3:p.T424M、PCBP1:p.L102Q、PCDH10:p.V477M、PCDH15:p.R1552I、PCDHAC2:p.A519T、PCDHAC2:p.E190K、PCDHAC2:p.A266T、PCDHAC2:p.A156V、PCDHAC2:p.E271K、PCDHAC2:p.A736V、PCDHB5:p.D51Y、PCDHB8:p.D235N、PCDHGC5:p.S289L、PCDHGC5:p.V662M、PCNXL2:p.R135Q、PCOLCE2:p.A348V、PCOLCE2:p.R87H、PDE4B:p.S417L、PGAM1:p.R240H、PHF3:p.R1410I、PIAS2:p.S519L、PIGR:p.A580T、PIK3CA:p.D350G、PIK3CA:p.E545A、PIK3CA:p.E545G、PIK3CA:p.Q546K、PIP4K2C:p.R204H、PKHD1L1:p.F1856L、PLA2G4A:p.E443K、PLCG2:p.E544K、PLCG2:p.D973N、PLEKHA6:p.V328fs、PLEKHG4B:p.E384K、PLK1:p.D233G、PLOD3:p.R297fs、PLSCR3:p.E77K、PLXNC1:p.S462L、PLXNC1:p.R819C、POLA1:p.E603D、POLE:p.S459F、POLE:p.V411L、POLQ:p.R860Q、PPP2R2B:p.P326L、PPP2R5C:p.S259Y、PRAMEF4:p.R248H、PREX1:p.V731I、PRKAA2:p.R407Q、PRKAR2B:p.S309L、PRKCI:p.R480C、PRKRA:p.K122N、PSG8:p.R397C、PSG8:p.R320C、PSMD12:p.R201Q、PTPDC1:p.R430W、PTPN12:p.R765Q、PTPN13:p.S887L、PTPRD:p.L1053I、PTPRU:p.D1434N、PXDN:p.P856fs、PXDNL:p.T1312M、QRSL1:p.S226L、RAB7L1:p.R79W、RALGAPA1:p.R398C、RANBP2:p.R1231C、RBBP7:p.E313K、RBBP7:p.E274K、RBFOX2:p.A340T、RBMXL1:p.R331Q、RHOBTB1:p.T464M、RIMS2:p.R599Q、RIN3:p.S708L、RLBP1:p.D281N、RLBP1:p.A72V、RNASET2:p.A127V、RNF113B:p.A172V、RNF150:p.R236Q、RNF150:p.S208L、RNF43:p.S216L、ROR2:p.D672N、RPL6:p.F193C、RPS6KA5:p.E166K、RSPO2:p.R28C、RUVBL1:p.E431K、RUVBL1:p.R117C、RWDD2B:p.R254H、RXFP3:p.R113C、RYR3:p.R2705Q、SAGE1:p.R229C、SCFD2:p.R545W、SCML4:p.R194Q、SCN10A:p.T1570M、SCN11A:p.A1688T、SCN11A:p.V1289I、SCN11A:p.V566I、SCUBE2:p.V342M、SEMA3A:p.D81N、SEMA4D:p.R252Q、SEPHS1:p.R371Q、SEZ6L:p.S207L、SFPQ:p.R611Q、SFSWAP:p.S617Y、SGCG:p.A220V、SGCZ:p.I41M、SH3TC2:p.R89C、SIGLEC11:p.S363F、SIPA1L1:p.R1063Q、SIPA1L1:p.S1227Y、SLC12A1:p.S292L、SLC22A15:p.S201L、SLC24A2:p.A134V、SLC25A40:p.R96Q、SLC2A7:p.A65T、SLC30A9:p.R194H、SLC33A1:p.S542L、SLC35F3:p.A280T、SLC39A7:p.R382C、SLC43A1:p.P133L、SLC43A3:p.R216H、SLC44A5:p.R185H、SLC6A2:p.A562T、SLC8A1:p.R431H、SLFN12L:p.F232fs、SLITRK1:p.R52H、SLITRK3:p.S298L、SMAD2:p.R321Q、SMARCA4:p.R381Q、SOCS5:p.S464L、SORBS1:p.V1156M、SORBS1:p.F570L、SORCS2:p.R320W、SOX6:p.R719W、SPATA22:p.S150L、SPEG:p.A944V、SPTB:p.R86C、SPTBN4:p.A1993V、STIM2:p.R572Q、STT3B:p.D583Y、SULT1C4:p.R85Q、SUN3:p.E128K、SUPT6H:p.A957T、SYNE1:p.I1249L、SYNE1:p.R170W、SYNE2:p.K3103N、SYNGR4:p.R169Q、SYT7:p.T349M、TANK:p.S380L、TAS1R2:p.R270C、TAS2R1:p.F183L、TCF7L2:p.R488C、TDRD10:p.S322L、TECTB:p.L29I、TEKT5:p.R401H、TGFBR1:p.S241L、THAP5:p.S287Y、THSD7B:p.R90H、TLL1:p.T153M、TLL2:p.S872L、TM9SF2:p.R91H、TMCC3:p.R110H、TMEM132A:p.R481C、TMEM132D:p.R578W、TMEM55A:p.R189Q、TMEM74:p.R125Q、TMPRSS11A:p.S288L、TNIP2:p.A139T、TOP2B:p.R656H、TOX:p.S354L、TP53:p.G244D、TP53:p.R175C、TPO:p.A826T、TPR:p.S2155L、TPTE2:p.R258Q、TPTE:p.S423L、TRAK1:p.D627N、TRAPPC11:p.R568Q、TRIM23:p.R396Q、TRIM44:p.D331N、TRIO:p.R661W、TRPA1:p.K54N、TRPC5:p.S490L、TRPM6:p.R995H、TRPM7:p.R1862C、TRPM7:p.R843Q、TRPS1:p.R1125W、TRPV5:p.R492H、TRRAP:p.R3515W、TSHZ1:p.R881M、TTC21A:p.S270Y、TTN:p.R22795C、TTN:p.R3193Q、TTN:p.R328H、TUBA3D:p.R243Q、TUFT1:p.A340T、TXNDC15:p.R343Q、UBE2NL:p.R86I、UBIAD1:p.A97T、UGT2A1:p.N97fs、USH2A:p.F2369L、USP11:p.A286T、USP25:p.R1119Q、USP26:p.R861Q、USP29:p.F81L、USP31:p.D391N、USP40:p.S851L、UTP14A:p.V148I、VAV3:p.E685K、VCAN:p.R1125H、VPS13C:p.D1359Y、WBSCR17:p.R228C、WDR3:p.E841K、WDR52:p.A157T、XKR6:p.R268Q、XPOT:p.R541W、YTHDC1:p.R267Q、YTHDC2:p.E634K、ZBBX:p.R596I、ZBTB24:p.L607I、ZC3H13:p.R103Q、ZCWPW2:p.D144N、ZEB2:p.R156H、ZFHX4:p.E237D、ZFP14:p.R386C、ZFP28:p.R525I、ZFP2:p.R150I、ZFP3:p.R273I、ZFP90:p.R330Q、ZHX2:p.V790I、ZIC4:p.S305L、ZIM3:p.D352N、ZKSCAN4:p.R319Q、ZMYM4:p.R1446Q、ZNF117:p.R185I、ZNF167:p.R683I、ZNF180:p.R401I、ZNF19:p.R349I、ZNF205:p.R384C、ZNF236:p.S1480L、ZNF248:p.R568I、ZNF259:p.R174I、ZNF266:p.R512Q、ZNF266:p.R344Q、ZNF280B:p.E363K、ZNF283:p.R392Q、ZNF32:p.S62L、ZNF345:p.R82Q、ZNF345:p.R334I、ZNF350:p.R310Q、ZNF434:p.R306C、ZNF439:p.E239D、ZNF439:p.R262I、ZNF443:p.R301I、ZNF445:p.L682M、ZNF470:p.R641I、ZNF471:p.R282I、ZNF484:p.R138C、ZNF528:p.R279Q、ZNF563:p.K26N、ZNF573:p.R350I、ZNF583:p.R344I、ZNF585A:p.E638K、ZNF585A:p.E491D、ZNF625:p.R235Q、ZNF652:p.K327N、ZNF677:p.R451I、ZNF678:p.R368I、ZNF699:p.R41I、ZNF70:p.R244I、ZNF770:p.S441P、ZNF774:p.R423Q、ZNF782:p.K247T、ZNF7:p.R337I、和ZNF831:p.E949D。
62.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有DLBCL;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:EZH2:p.Y641F、MYD88:p.L273P、BCL2:p.G33R、CARD11:p.E626K、ADCY2:p.A87V、BCL2:p.N172S、BCL2:p.H20Q、BRAF:p.K601E、BTG1:p.L31F、CACNA1E:p.R1458C、CARD11:p.E93D、CD79B:p.Y197D、CD79B:p.Y197H、CREBBP:p.R1446H、GRID1:p.E622K、HIST1H1C:p.A65V、HIST1H1E:p.G133A、HIST1H3B:p.A48S、KRAS:p.G13D、MYD88:p.S251N、PABPC1:p.R94C、PIM1:p.L164F、PIM1:p.L184F、POU2F2:p.T239A、POU2F2:p.T239S、RELN:p.R2971Q、SLC25A48:p.A67T、STAT6:p.D468H、TNF:p.L47F、和TRAF7:p.R11H。
63.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有KICH;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:ACR:p.W279C、AGRN:p.1284_1285VT>A、C7orf25:p.R384fs、CAMSAP1:p.T466fs、CBWD6:p.E102fs、DOCK8:p.L1111fs、EBPL:p.Q196P、EBPL:p.L189V、GFM1:p.A17fs、GOLGA6L6:p.D570E、ITGA5:p.A48D、LUZP2:p.S154fs、MTMR9:p.K193fs、MUC16:p.P10452fs、MUC4:p.S2832P、ODF2L:p.K407fs、RHBDD3:p.G34fs、RILPL1:p.S358R、TAS2R30:p.L236fs、TRRAP:p.A973S、UBR5:p.K2120fs、URGCP:p.G639fs、ZNF98:p.A222T、和ZSWIM6:p.Q610fs。
64.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有KIRP;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:FAM18B2:p.C51Y、ZNF598:p.E25G、NEFH:p.E645K、EEF1B2:p.S43G、NEFH:p.AKSPEKEE652del、OBP2B:p.K61N、SKI:p.A62G、C14orf126:p.R6W、KRT8:p.S59A、ACSBG2:p.I250M、ASIC2:p.R46L、CSGALNACT2:p.L362F、FRG1B:p.A50P、IDUA:p.H33Q、KRTAP4-5:p.S74C、SCAF11:p.E926fs、SYN2:p.A34del、ZNF814:p.R322K、BMS1:p.E878D、JMY:p.P822T、KIF1A:p.E917D、KRTAP4-7:p.S57P、LAMA5:p.L2223R、LRP1:p.P1058T、MED16:p.H449Q、MUC2:p.T1488P、MUC5B:p.D682G、NACA2:p.R75K、NEFH:p.665_666insEE、OR2L8:p.S201fs、RGPD5:p.P1760A、RRN3:p.P11S、RRN3:p.R9C、STAG3L2:p.L81fs、ZNF814:p.G320E、ACP6:p.V29G、AHNAK2:p.S2166F、AHNAK2:p.P1215S、AP1G1:p.I782fs、AQP2:p.N68T、BAIAP2L2:p.V396M、BMP6:p.Q118L、BST1:p.G36A、CDR1:p.V31A、CLDN7:p.S172A、CLIP1:p.S1018fs、COL18A1:p.G884fs、CROCC:p.A355P、CTAGE15P:p.A364V、CUBN:p.I2816M、DMRT2:p.T106S、DPY19L1:p.V249L、DSPP:p.D1047N、EBPL:p.L189V、EIF4G1:p.E465del、EXOSC2:p.R11P、FAM216A:p.P36S、FCGR2A:p.V222G、FMOD:p.S331R、FOLR2:p.Q112R、FRG1B:p.L20P、GAGE2B:p.9_10insY、GDPD5:p.G593fs、GIMAP8:p.A544S、GLUD2:p.R300G、GLUD2:p.S496R、GPR135:p.Q5P、HOXD8:p.Q67H、IER5:p.R194G、IL25:p.C168fs、JSRP1:p.V92A、KRAS:p.G12D、KRTAP1-1:p.Y86C、KRTAP4-11:p.L161V、LTBP1:p.L163P、MAML2:p.Q591K、MAPK7:p.A501D、MEF2A:p.P99S、MET:p.H1094Y、MET:p.M1250T、MST1:p.N435fs、MUC2:p.T1582R、MUC2:p.T1722I、MUC4:p.A4222T、MUC4:p.T2335M、MUC4:p.P1138L、MUC5B:p.S1098A、MUC5B:p.S3431N、MYH7:p.A1487T、NBPF10:p.R39fs、NBPF10:p.Y638S、NEFH:p.654_654S>SPEKAKS、PARG:p.A584T、PBX2:p.Y262F、PIP4K2A:p.R219K、RLIM:p.S471P、RUNX2:p.Q71E、SGK223:p.R63S、SMARCB1:p.L365fs、SRCAP:p.Q1875fs、TBC1D2B:p.R920Q、TCF7L2:p.R482fs、TMEM131:p.K640fs、TMEM60:p.K77fs、TPPP:p.R30K、TRPV3:p.A218E、TTBK2:p.C83W、UBXN11:p.S510G、UGT1A1:p.T4A、UTS2R:p.A289E、YBX1:p.P250L、ZNF514:p.V81G、ZNF516:p.A256D、ZNF681:p.K405Q、ZNF814:p.D404E、ZNF814:p.P323H、ZXDB:p.G206R。
65.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有LIHC;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:TP53:p.R249S、CTNNB1:p.D32V、CTNNB1:p.D32G、CTNNB1:p.S33P、CTNNB1:p.K335I、CTNNB1:p.H36P、EEF1A1:p.T432L、GNAS:p.R844C、OR2T4:p.V137L、TP53:p.H193R、ATXN1:p.Q217H、CSMD3:p.F2383fs、CTNNB1:p.D32N、CTNNB1:p.S33C、CTNNB1:p.G34V、CTNNB1:p.S45P、CTNNB1:p.N387K、DHRS4:p.I218T、DNM2:p.E378D、F5:p.Q426L、GALNTL5:p.A45T、GPX1:p.P77R、GRM8:p.R852C、IDH1:p.R132C、KIF26B:p.A2033T、KRT8:p.S59A、LOC100132247:p.T532P、NEB:p.D3854H、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、SOLH:p.R714H、TP53:p.R158H、TP53:p.V157F、和ZNF638:p.D400N。
66.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有MM;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:NRAS:p.Q61R、KRAS:p.Q61H、KRAS:p.G13D、NRAS:p.Q61K、BRAF:p.V600E、NRAS:p.Q61H、NRAS:p.G13R、ZNF717:p.W315C、ATP13A4:p.V431G、DNAJC12:p.R135K、IRF4:p.K123R、KRAS:p.A146T、KRAS:p.Q61R、KRAS:p.G12A、KRAS:p.G12D、ZNF717:p.N594I、ACTG1:p.A22P、ARL6IP1:p.M75L、BEND2:p.E630K、BRAF:p.G469A、CDHR1:p.R218G、DIS3:p.R780K、DMXL2:p.D2412E、DNAJC10:p.I80K、EGR1:p.Q9H、FGFR3:p.*807S、IDH1:p.R132C、IL6ST:p.P216H、INTS12:p.M1V、KRAS:p.K117N、KRAS:p.A59G、KRAS:p.G12R、MAX:p.R36W、MLL5:p.G492E、NBPF1:p.E810K、NRAS:p.Q61L、NRAS:p.G12D、ODF2L:p.E294K、PADI2:p.T114P、PNLIP:p.T37M、PRDM1:p.S588C、PTPN11:p.E76K、PTPN14:p.E286K、RBM6:p.V675G、SCN10A:p.R1142H、SRGAP1:p.T61M、SUSD1:p.T168P、TAS2R16:p.V231I、TINAG:p.E403K、TRIP12:p.L1775P、和ZNF717:p.C844S。
67.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有PRAD;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:HSD17B7P2:p.N175S、RGPD5:p.P1760A、FRG1B:p.L52S、EEF1B2:p.S43G、FRG1B:p.I10T、FRG1B:p.A53T、LRRC37A2:p.T102S、NBPF10:p.E3455K、PTH2:p.L22V、CYP2D7P1:p.S32A、FAM47C:p.N648D、MAP3K9:p.E38del、MUC4:p.H4205Q、CHEK2:p.K373E、FRG1B:p.A11T、FRG1B:p.A50P、HLA-J:p.R124W、KRTAP1-5:p.I88T、KRTAP4-9:p.D18V、NPIP:p.A271V、PDGFRA:p.R483fs、ZNF780A:p.Q600H、ZNF845:p.R925H、ZNF91:p.R333H、ARFGAP3:p.N299fs、BTN2A3P:p.P3S、FNBP4:p.TT58del、HLA-A:p.Q78R、LOC554223:p.RAPWMEQ147del、PODXL:p.28_30PSP>P、POLI:p.D17del、SPOP:p.F133L、SYN2:p.A34del、TMEM52:p.23_26LLPL>L、UBC:p.L149R、ZNF208:p.I647S、ZNF799:p.E589G、ZNF814:p.D404E、ASTN2:p.L221del、B4GALNT1:p.G88fs、C16orf74:p.S21del、CCDC15:p.H458P、CD209:p.R129W、CNTNAP1:p.S1029I、DBR1:p.541_542DD>D、FAM22F:p.S691del、FRG1B:p.D32V、FRG1B:p.I34T、FRG1B:p.N55D、FRG1B:p.I59V、FRG1B:p.S71N、KIF25:p.W3R、KRTAP4-11:p.L161V、KRTAP4-11:p.M93V、KRTAP4-11:p.R51K、KRTAP4-6:p.S153Y、LILRB5:p.S598P、LMOD2:p.E124del、LOC645752:p.L40P、LRP1:p.P1058T、LRRIQ3:p.K244fs、LURAP1L:p.55_56insGGG、MLLT10:p.V463E、MYOCD:p.Q310del、NBPF10:p.N1369D、OTUD4:p.T909I、PARG:p.A584T、PEX1:p.I370fs、POTEC:p.K507E、POTEC:p.R477Q、POU4F2:p.68_69insG、PRG4:p.T417P、SDHAP2:p.R31C、SPOP:p.F133C、SPOP:p.W131G、TIMD4:p.T152del、TMEM121:p.P299del、TP53:p.G245S、UBC:p.R73L、UBC:p.I191T、WASH3P:p.G175S、ZMIZ1:p.D1048fs、ZNF709:p.T413I、ACADS:p.R330H、ADAMTS7:p.K1357fs、AFF2:p.R597H、AGAP6:p.S127I、AK302238:p.A44T、AK302879:p.Q191R、ALDH1A2:p.R85C、ANAPC1:p.T537A、ANKRD36C:p.H438R、AP4B1:p.R276W、ARFGAP2:p.S38N、BBS9:p.F268fs、BC139719:p.L133R、BRAF:p.G469A、C22orf43:p.D171del、CANT1:p.K131R、CHD3:p.E35del、CLEC4A:p.R209H、CNOT3:p.E20K、CNPY3:p.17_18LL>L、CNTNAP3B:p.S317T、CNTNAP3B:p.M1247I、CTNNB1:p.T41A、DDX10:p.D788del、DLC1:p.S741T、DPY19L2:p.M210V、EDC4:p.S617del、EFCAB6:p.R379K、ERC2:p.927_928HH>H、FAM111B:p.S269fs、FEM1A:p.L620M、FHOD3:p.A632fs、FLJ43860:p.L850fs、FMN2:p.G59del、FNBP4:p.914_915PP>P、FRG1:p.E86del、FRG1B:p.K13N、FRG1B:p.P42Q、GABRB1:p.R416C、GABRR2:p.A368V、GAGE2B:p.9_10insY、GOLGA8DP:p.N84H、GOT2:p.R355W、GPATCH4:p.K210fs、HDGFL1:p.188_189insA、HLA-DQB2:p.G250S、HLA-DQB2:p.R247H、IDH1:p.R132H、IL27:p.E176del、IRF2BPL:p.123_125QQQ>Q、KANK3:p.DGDS489del、KIAA1462:p.858_859SS>S、KRTAP4-11:p.S48R、KRTAP4-7:p.S57P、KRTAP4-8:p.C95S、LPHN3:p.R826H、LRP10:p.L11del、LRP5:p.S1609P、LRRC16B:p.R787W、MAS1L:p.R324G、MECOM:p.R915Q、MED12:p.L1224F、MED12L:p.Q2115del、MESP2:p.GQGQGQGQ195del、MGAT4C:p.T345M、MLEC:p.E238del、MSLNL:p.T68P、MUC7:p.S173P、MYC:p.Q37del、NBPF10:p.N440D、NLRP6:p.E611del、NOX3:p.C404fs、OR1M1:p.V69I、OR7E24:p.L7fs、OTUD4:p.A153del、PANK2:p.T417fs、PCLO:p.S496P、PCNT:p.S162G、PCSK9:p.23_24insL、PHOSPHO1:p.S32del、POU4F1:p.H108del、PRAMEF8:p.R319H、PRDM7:p.M387L、PRG4:p.T597P、PTPRD:p.R1323C、PTPRF:p.R1174Q、ROBO3:p.RS1367del、ROCK1:p.T518S、RPTN:p.G296S、RTL1:p.152_152E>EE、SIRPA:p.V233I、SLC2A6:p.A230D、SLC8A2:p.E710del、SMG7:p.E846fs、SNAPC4:p.S542del、SP8:p.G165del、SPOP:p.F133I、SPOP:p.F133V、SPOP:p.F102C、SPOP:p.F102V、SRSF11:p.G17fs、SRSF4:p.K396del、SSPO:p.S4198fs、STAG3L2:p.L81fs、STK19:p.R18fs、TBC1D2B:p.R920Q、TBC1D9:p.P1233T、TCHH:p.P1158R、TCOF1:p.K1366del、TNRC18:p.2664_2665SS>S、TP53:p.R248Q、TP53:p.R175H、TP53:p.C141G、TSPAN4:p.L92V、UBXN11:p.GPGPGPSP504del、UTP3:p.E81del、WASH3P:p.L187V、ZAN:p.P717L、ZAN:p.L878P、ZFP90:p.R591fs、ZNF761:p.H373R、和ZNF91:p.H305R。
68.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有STAD;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:RNF43:p.G659fs、BZRAP1:p.P1416fs、XYLT2:p.Y526fs、LARP4B:p.T163fs、PGM5:p.I98V、ZBTB20:p.P692fs、ARID1A:p.G1848fs、FHOD3:p.P334fs、KIAA0182:p.T120fs、ATP6V1B1:p.Y383fs、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、FRMD4A:p.P1005fs、PIK3CA:p.E545K、CDC14A:p.N123fs、KRAS:p.G13D、MLL2:p.T172fs、BCORL1:p.S1679fs、PLEKHA6:p.V328fs、C9orf131:p.P342fs、CD4:p.Q164fs、FBXW7:p.R465C、GNG12:p.T68fs、IRS4:p.G591fs、JARID2:p.V422fs、KIAA0195:p.I902fs、MBD6:p.P732fs、MVK:p.P138fs、PAMR1:p.G101fs、WNT16:p.W165fs、ZNF43:p.N251fs、ABCA6:p.L306fs、ADAM28:p.K73fs、AOC3:p.L79fs、ATP2A1:p.R819fs、B2M:p.L13fs、C6orf89:p.P58fs、CNTLN:p.K1305fs、CR2:p.V206fs、DYRK4:p.K468fs、ERBB3:p.V104M、GLI1:p.W272fs、KRAS:p.G12D、MLL2:p.T172fs、MSH6:p.T1085fs、NLK:p.C190fs、OR5M3:p.T89fs、PAX6:p.P375fs、PTEN:p.L265fs、RABGAP1:p.K928fs、RAD51AP2:p.T316fs、SVIL:p.G1862fs、TP53:p.R273H、WNK4:p.G606fs、ARID1A:p.P2139fs、AXIN2:p.G665fs、C13orf33:p.R67fs、C1QTNF5:p.P308fs、CELSR1:p.G614fs、CRYGD:p.G159fs、DCHS1:p.R235fs、DDC:p.I433fs、EDNRB:p.Y383fs、EPHA2:p.P460fs、FOXN3:p.P96fs、HDAC4:p.P901fs、INF2:p.S527fs、KIRREL2:p.V649fs、KLF3:p.I104fs、KLHL14:p.P231fs、MAP7D3:p.Q308fs、OTX2:p.R44fs、PAFAH1B1:p.K302fs、PLAGL2:p.P10fs、POLM:p.P97fs、PRPF40B:p.I31fs、RALGAPB:p.T379fs、SBNO1:p.N1139fs、SERPINI1:p.L81fs、SH3KBP1:p.L574fs、SLC12A7:p.H686fs、SLC27A3:p.P643fs、TBX4:p.S370fs、TP53:p.R273C、TP53:p.R175H、TRAM1L1:p.R345fs、WBP1:p.P138fs、ABCC4:p.L883fs、AKAP13:p.K2785fs、ALDH3A1:p.P562fs、ALPK2:p.L356fs、ARFGEF1:p.P1552fs、ARID1A:p.G1848fs、AVPR1A:p.F351fs、BAX:p.M38fs、C14orf43:p.P313fs、C1QTNF5:p.G194fs、C7orf50:p.L179fs、CDC25C:p.K322fs、CETN3:p.K63fs、CHD3:p.P597fs、CTCF:p.K202fs、CTSC:p.F105fs、DDX17:p.G163fs、DLGAP3:p.G377fs、EBF3:p.G255fs、FHDC1:p.F100fs、FILIP1L:p.K749fs、FLNB:p.W529fs、GBP7:p.G431fs、GCC2:p.E700fs、GPR161:p.G517fs、IWS1:p.S802fs、KIAA0240:p.K895fs、KIAA1967:p.P415fs、LRRC43:p.D558fs、MACF1:p.R707fs、MBD6:p.G780fs、MLL3:p.F4496fs、MPRIP:p.A351fs、MUC6:p.2129_2130SS>S、NOX5:p.P467fs、OPTN:p.P24fs、OR4K5:p.F177fs、PIK3CA:p.N345K、PIK3CA:p.E542K、PLXNA1:p.P1016fs、PNPLA7:p.P1199fs、PODN:p.I301fs、PPP2R3B:p.T389fs、PRSS36:p.L680fs、RGL2:p.G203fs、RHOQ:p.V190fs、RNF111:p.R771fs、RTN2:p.P313fs、SALL4:p.V995fs、SBF1:p.P1076fs、SETDB2:p.R715fs、SNAPC2:p.T292fs、SPG20:p.F232fs、SRCAP:p.P1876fs、STAT2:p.P489fs、TCHP:p.E172fs、TP53:p.R282W、TP53:p.R248Q、USP21:p.K474fs、WDR7:p.G262fs、ZBTB7C:p.E157fs、ZFC3H1:p.K385fs、ZNF124:p.T339fs、ZNF626:p.K115fs、ADNP2:p.S322fs、AGAP1:p.G127fs、ALDH2:p.L286fs、ARHGAP5:p.D890fs、ARHGEF17:p.A615fs、ARID1A:p.Y1324fs、ART1:p.I243fs、ASCL4:p.D35fs、ATXN2L:p.G998fs、B3GNT5:p.F30fs、BCKDHA:p.H37fs、BCL9L:p.P1127fs、BEND3:p.D265fs、BNC2:p.S575R、BRD3:p.P24fs、C12orf51:p.P4235fs、C1R:p.P216fs、C7orf49:p.G130fs、CA2:p.I145fs、CABP5:p.R145fs、CASD1:p.F781fs、CASP8:p.R471fs、CCDC153:p.P200fs、CD93:p.D280fs、CROT:p.L32fs、CSF3R:p.P468fs、CTCF:p.K202fs、ERBB2:p.S310F、FAM46D:p.S69R、FBN3:p.G601fs、FBXO21:p.F144fs、GAS6:p.G150fs、GLYR1:p.G380fs、GXYLT1:p.L223fs、HAUS6:p.S530fs、IGF2R:p.T1314fs、ITGB1:p.L378I、KDM3B:p.P1316fs、KIF13A:p.K1115fs、KLF3:p.S224fs、LARP1:p.A223fs、LRP1:p.G1488fs、LRP1:p.G1488fs、MAGEE2:p.Q45fs、MAMSTR:p.P162fs、MAPK15:p.Q511fs、MLL2:p.P647fs、MOCS2:p.P22fs、MTG1:p.L105fs、MTG1:p.H327fs、MTIF2:p.N109fs、NID2:p.R1035fs、PAX2:p.P395fs、PCCA:p.R230H、PDZD2:p.R101fs、PFKP:p.M593fs、PIK3CA:p.R88Q、PLA2G1B:p.L53fs、PLAU:p.R201fs、PMEPA1:p.P208fs、POP1:p.K750fs、PTCH1:p.P1307fs、PTPRT:p.P1075fs、RDBP:p.P6fs、RNMT:p.K392fs、ROBO2:p.P1080fs、RUNDC3B:p.L6fs、SDAD1:p.K275fs、SLC10A6:p.G109fs、SNAPC1:p.D211fs、SPATA5L1:p.C685fs、SPTA1:p.K1732T、STAT5B:p.P367fs、SYT4:p.M1fs、TAF1L:p.K851fs、TAP2:p.L75fs、TBL1XR1:p.N126fs、THEMIS:p.K406fs、TMEM79:p.P161fs、TP53:p.C176F、TP53BP2:p.K69fs、TP53RK:p.L174fs、UBQLN2:p.A523fs、UHRF1BP1:p.I1330fs、VPRBP:p.K939fs、VPS13B:p.T56fs、WASF3:p.P305fs、YLPM1:p.E1178fs、ZC3H13:p.K1006fs、ZC3H18:p.P825fs、ZC3H4:p.E779Q、ZNF48:p.P247fs、ZNF608:p.A465fs、ZNF878:p.S238fs、ZSCAN18:p.P225fs、ABCB1:p.R527fs、ABCB6:p.G318fs、ACACB:p.G255fs、ACP1:p.Q123fs、ACTL6A:p.L88fs、ADAMTSL4:p.G778fs、AGBL5:p.I420fs、AHI1:p.K303fs、AKAP9:p.M3743fs、AKD1:p.R1209fs、ANKRD40:p.D99E、ARHGEF5:p.S1512fs、ARID1A:p.K1071fs、ARID3A:p.S557G、ARPP21:p.I130fs、ASPN:p.F67fs、ASXL3:p.E873fs、ATP6V1C2:p.R312fs、BEST3:p.P444fs、BRAF:p.P403fs、BRMS1:p.G107fs、BTBD11:p.T451fs、BTBD11:p.A561V、C11orf9:p.S261fs、C14orf102:p.R90fs、C14orf43:p.Q36fs、C15orf52:p.G98fs、C19orf21:p.R262C、C19orf70:p.P50fs、C20orf160:p.P46fs、C3:p.P890fs、CADPS2:p.N468fs、CASC3:p.S232F、CASC3:p.P603L、CASC3:p.P645L、CASC3:p.S658L、CASKIN2:p.P727fs、CBLL1:p.E138fs、CBLN3:p.P69fs、CCDC108:p.P1164fs、CCDC148:p.K420fs、CCDC153:p.P200fs、CCDC169-SOHLH2:p.K162R、CCDC88A:p.K677fs、CD1E:p.F85V、CD3EAP:p.K218fs、CDH11:p.K357T、CDH1:p.D254Y、CDH23:p.V403I、CFI:p.K37fs、CHPF2:p.D645fs、CIC:p.R507fs、CIC:p.A1114fs、CIC:p.A1114fs、CLSTN1:p.T615M、CNBD1:p.L396P、CNGA4:p.K510T、CNOT6:p.S248fs、CNTROB:p.R920fs、COL9A1:p.P283fs、CPAMD8:p.P784fs、CR1L:p.L79fs、CRB1:p.F630V、CSMD1:p.L3410V、CTNNA3:p.K856fs、CTNND1:p.I447fs、CTSD:p.P89fs、CUX1:p.A439fs、CYP7B1:p.K332T、DAB2IP:p.D994fs、DNAH11:p.T871fs、DNAH8:p.K1688fs、DNAJC1:p.K193fs、DNM2:p.P791fs、DSTN:p.F101fs、DYRK1B:p.Q545fs、EAF2:p.V109fs、EDNRB:p.A104V、EEA1:p.N570fs、EFHA1:p.F290fs、EGR1:p.P332fs、EIF4G3:p.K563fs、ELK3:p.S173fs、ENTPD2:p.G204fs、EOMES:p.G332fs、EPHA10:p.P868fs、EPHB6:p.G54fs、EPHX1:p.P132fs、EPPK1:p.G2015fs、ERBB4:p.M1fs、ESF1:p.T99fs、EXOSC8:p.L160fs、FAM113B:p.R51fs、FAM116A:p.L441fs、FAM135B:p.S645R、FAM151A:p.P117fs、FAM193A:p.D428fs、FAM193A:p.D428fs、FAM214B:p.A42fs、FAM40B:p.R740C、FAM70B:p.S19L、FASTKD1:p.K3fs、FBXW7:p.R479Q、FBXW9:p.G298fs、FER:p.L474fs、FERMT2:p.K152fs、FGGY:p.G138fs、FIGNL1:p.K309fs、FLG:p.K159fs、FLNB:p.W529fs、FOLH1:p.S501fs、FYB:p.G324fs、GABRD:p.Q412fs、GALNTL1:p.W317fs、GANAB:p.L23fs、GCDH:p.L389fs、GIMAP7:p.V276fs、GIPC3:p.G227fs、GLI3:p.P1033fs、GLIPR1L2:p.G92fs、GNPNAT1:p.F54fs、GON4L:p.M134fs、GPATCH4:p.K210fs、GRK4:p.K22fs、GTF3C1:p.S767fs、GTF3C4:p.E562fs、H2AFY2:p.K144fs、HCFC1R1:p.P83fs、HCRTR2:p.S9fs、HCRTR2:p.S9fs、HDLBP:p.G747fs、HECA:p.R333fs、HIVEP3:p.H554fs、HIVEP3:p.P534fs、HLA-C:p.P209fs、HOOK1:p.L361fs、HOXD8:p.P122fs、HTT:p.G697fs、IBTK:p.K1213fs、IDE:p.K37fs、IFT172:p.A837T、INPPL1:p.A974fs、INPPL1:p.P1154fs、INSM2:p.T533fs、INTS12:p.L14fs、INVS:p.R815fs、IPO11:p.S844fs、IRX6:p.A425V、ISG20L2:p.P288fs、ITGB8:p.A7fs、JARID2:p.G394fs、JHDM1D:p.R97fs、KBTBD6:p.G442fs、KCNC1:p.K455fs、KCNH2:p.G149A、KCNJ10:p.P102fs、KCNMB2:p.N151K、KCTD21:p.T6M、KIAA0586:p.A1592fs、KIAA1009:p.F406fs、KIAA1109:p.E1588fs、KIAA2026:p.K690fs、KIF26B:p.S1065fs、KIF6:p.L204fs、KIRREL:p.P335fs、KLC2:p.T568fs、KRAS:p.Q61H、KRAS:p.G12S、MAN1C1:p.G431fs、MAP1A:p.P2063fs、MAP2:p.K1472fs、MAP3K12:p.R449del、MAP7D1:p.A80fs、MGST2:p.K102fs、MKI67:p.T1664fs、MKL1:p.P307fs、MLL2:p.P2354fs、MLL2:p.L656fs、MLL2:p.P647fs、MLL2:p.L1877fs、MMP3:p.I64fs、MPDZ:p.K1582fs、MTUS2:p.R1005W、MUC16:p.A6156T、MYB:p.R481fs、MYEOV:p.L269fs、MYH11:p.K1263del、MYO18A:p.P209fs、MYO7A:p.I539fs、MYOCD:p.G226fs、NAA16:p.H514fs、NBEA:p.V2247fs、NCAPD3:p.Q909fs、NCAPH:p.T466fs、NCOR2:p.P1308fs、NEFM:p.A213V、NEK8:p.V690fs、NF1:p.T676fs、NHLRC1:p.F204fs、NKD1:p.P286fs、NPR3:p.Y138H、NT5M:p.P206fs、NUFIP2:p.R224fs、NUP210:p.L135fs、NYNRIN:p.G113fs、OBSCN:p.G997fs、OGDH:p.Y948fs、OR4C16:p.S135R、OR51A7:p.L124R、OR7C1:p.C179fs、OSBP2:p.H627fs、OTOF:p.E1304K、P2RX1:p.R20fs、PALB2:p.M296fs、PALB2:p.N280fs、PANK1:p.K400fs、PAPD4:p.C225fs、PAPPA2:p.I1683fs、PARP15:p.K461fs、PARP4:p.K847fs、PCDH10:p.N118fs、PCDH10:p.P225fs、PCGF3:p.H63fs、PELI2:p.G197fs、PHACTR1:p.V251fs、PHACTR2:p.S237fs、PHACTR4:p.S354fs、PHKB:p.K642fs、PIAS3:p.H116fs、PIGO:p.P787fs、PIGT:p.A346fs、PIK3R3:p.M341fs、PITPNM1:p.P295fs、PKN2:p.K76fs、PLA2G15:p.W230fs、PLAG1:p.K184fs、PLEKHO1:p.T254fs、PLOD3:p.R297fs、PLOD3:p.P296fs、PLXNA2:p.P464fs、POLQ:p.L1430fs、PPARGC1B:p.P135fs、PPL:p.P454fs、PPM1H:p.P226fs、PPP1R12C:p.P372fs、PREX2:p.R562fs、PRICKLE4:p.Q109fs、PRKAR1B:p.P87fs、PRKCG:p.R345C、PRMT8:p.S28fs、PROX1:p.F592fs、PRRG3:p.R163fs、PSD2:p.G256fs、PTCHD3:p.F588fs、PTPN4:p.N319fs、PTPRC:p.Q895H、PWWP2B:p.S84fs、PYGO2:p.Q150fs、RABGAP1:p.K928fs、RB1CC1:p.N1171fs、RBM6:p.R96fs、RHOA:p.Y42C、RIMS1:p.R71G、RIMS2:p.V401fs、RING1:p.G171fs、RINT1:p.L107fs、RNF43:p.P116fs、ROBO2:p.K1293fs、RPS6KA6:p.K109fs、RRS1:p.N45fs、RSF1:p.K386fs、RUSC2:p.P486fs、RXFP3:p.A60V、SAFB:p.W798fs、SCARF1:p.R614Q、SCLT1:p.K109fs、SERPINB12:p.Q168fs、SGK3:p.L61fs、SGOL2:p.E407fs、SIGLEC1:p.P318fs、SIK1:p.Q678fs、SLC16A6:p.G98fs、SLC25A17:p.F28fs、SLC26A7:p.I629fs、SLC32A1:p.V494I、SLC4A3:p.L1061fs、SLC7A10:p.P157fs、SLC9A2:p.T746fs、SLITRK1:p.K45fs、SND1:p.H721fs、SOAT1:p.F64fs、SORBS2:p.E1158fs、SOX7:p.L309fs、SPAG17:p.Q1264fs、SPTY2D1:p.P485fs、SRCIN1:p.P865fs、SREBF2:p.H763fs、SRRT:p.G102fs、STAB1:p.P1120fs、STRADA:p.R333fs、STX2:p.K252fs、SV2A:p.E138fs、SYCP2:p.M176fs、SYNJ2:p.P1111fs、TAS2R10:p.L196fs、TBC1D22B:p.A175fs、TEAD2:p.P298fs、TFE3:p.G482fs、TGM6:p.T358fs、TIMM44:p.K83fs、TIMP3:p.A199fs、TLR4:p.L498V、TMEM132D:p.P206fs、TMEM41A:p.F156fs、TMEM41B:p.F230fs、TMTC4:p.R611C、TNK2:p.P632fs、TOPBP1:p.I1381fs、TP53:p.E286K、TP53:p.P152fs、TRIP11:p.K541fs、TRPA1:p.T673fs、TRPM8:p.H765fs、TTF1:p.K336fs、TTI1:p.R707H、TTN:p.E15192D、U2AF2:p.L175fs、UBC:p.G684fs、UBR4:p.P2802fs、UPF2:p.E1033D、UPK2:p.P49fs、USP13:p.I116fs、USP15:p.K782fs、VASH1:p.G3fs、VEZF1:p.355_356insN、VPS13A:p.F2883fs、WAPAL:p.R522fs、WDFY3:p.L1842fs、WDR59:p.N160fs、WDR5:p.N214fs、WDR60:p.Q412fs、WDTC1:p.M287fs、WHSC1L1:p.K418fs、WNT1:p.W167fs、XIRP2:p.E1007D、YBX2:p.P226fs、YIF1A:p.R131fs、ZBBX:p.E151del、ZBTB40:p.L262fs、ZBTB7C:p.G342fs、ZBTB7C:p.D154fs、ZC3H18:p.T701fs、ZDHHC5:p.E651del、ZDHHC7:p.P316fs、ZFHX3:p.R1893fs、ZFHX3:p.E763fs、ZFHX4:p.L408fs、ZHX3:p.N249K、ZIM3:p.I384fs、ZKSCAN5:p.D13fs、ZMYM4:p.K345fs、ZNF236:p.T1410M、ZNF23:p.F122fs、ZNF334:p.K426fs、ZNF358:p.T130fs、ZNF701:p.L296fs、ZNF711:p.L737fs、和ZNF831:p.A49fs。
69.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有TGCT;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:FAM18B2:p.C51Y、BTN2A3P:p.P3S、MUC2:p.G1715S、NBPF10:p.L44V、SP8:p.G156S、DCP1B:p.Q252H、DEK:p.E41D、ERC1:p.K692R、FAM104B:p.D75H、FRG1B:p.M49V、KRTAP10-10:p.V234M、LRRCC1:p.A6V、NRAS:p.Q61R、PNPLA4:p.L223P、ANKLE1:p.C644fs、ANKLE1:p.C644fs、KIT:p.D816H、KIT:p.D816Y、MUC2:p.T1597I、PSMD11:p.A5V、RHPN2:p.V73M、RUNX2:p.Q71E、SP4:p.E7K、TUBA1C:p.L146F、ZNF814:p.Y324H、ADAMTS17:p.N572T、ATRX:p.K1936R、BCL11B:p.E535D、BMP2K:p.Q460H、BMP2K:p.H487Q、C12orf32:p.D60V、C22orf43:p.K19E、CDC27:p.N571I、CDC27:p.P242S、DDX11:p.K208fs、EBPL:p.L189V、EZH2:p.K510R、FAM86A:p.A141T、GAS2L2:p.D189A、GRID2IP:p.LS754del、HGC6.3:p.E171G、KIT:p.D816V、KIT:p.N822Y、KIT:p.N822K、KRAS:p.Q61R、KRAS:p.G12V、KRTAP1-1:p.I116V、LRRC37BP1:p.Y166D、MEF2A:p.R127Q、MFF:p.S7F、MST1:p.R347W、MUC4:p.S3048L、MUC6:p.H2000Q、MUC6:p.P1977H、NAT10:p.I393T、OPLAH:p.A900D、PIEZO1:p.Q749E、PRAMEF4:p.F300V、RBM10:p.E184D、SERINC2:p.T121P、SPIN2A:p.M150V、SRRM2:p.A2257S、SSBP3:p.K6R、ZNF680:p.R501W、ABCC8:p.Y512C、ABCC9:p.L466P、ABCD1:p.H169Q、ABL2:p.P19T、ACVR2B:p.R48C、AHDC1:p.P33fs、AHNAK2:p.L1640M、ALPPL2:p.W31S、AMMECR1:p.G77C、ANK3:p.D1322E、ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3:p.G60S、ANKRD11:p.Y2015S、ANKRD11:p.K369R、ANKRD50:p.V637M、APBB3:p.L450P、ARHGAP24:p.T35A、ARID4B:p.G1076A、ARMC3:p.A514T、ARRB2:p.T99P、ATAD5:p.I305V、ATXN3:p.305_306insQQQQQQQ、AVPR1B:p.G39R、AXDND1:p.E994Q、BAI2:p.A231G、BEST3:p.P383L、BIRC6:p.V414L、BIRC8:p.A225M、BRWD1:p.K1319R、BTN2A2:p.L15F、C12orf51:p.A2644T、C12orf65:p.K143T、C16orf62:p.L244I、C1QBP:p.T225I、C1orf167:p.S123G、C5orf25:p.Y4F、CACNA1E:p.G2080S、CAPNS1:p.LV303del、CCDC159:p.A332S、CDKAL1:p.P409L、CDYL:p.V48A、CDYL:p.A60G、CELSR2:p.L17P、CHD4:p.E138D、CKAP5:p.G576A、CLCC1:p.K52R、CMTM8:p.S26T、CNKSR2:p.P249L、CNTN5:p.I501T、COG5:p.H617R、COL15A1:p.K708R、COL6A3:p.A2378D、CRYGB:p.R143G、CSGALNACT2:p.L362F、CUL4A:p.I438F、CXXC1:p.Q156H、CYP19A1:p.F406L、DCLRE1B:p.F28I、DDX11:p.A376T、DDX11:p.E680D、DEPDC5:p.R1525Q、DLC1:p.S741T、DNMT1:p.R995Q、DOCK11:p.Q169E、DSPP:p.D1047N、E2F7:p.I91S、EBF1:p.D353G、ECI2:p.K55R、EEF1A2:p.Y418S、EIF3J:p.A8G、EML6:p.K805R、EPAS1:p.S474T、EPRS:p.L1335I、ERICH1:p.E327K、FAM101B:p.L5P、FAM104A:p.M1R、FAM110D:p.R71H、FAM155A:p.Q95R、FAM186A:p.G1492E、FAM194B:p.Y139H、FAM21B:p.P1231S、FAM32A:p.K9R、FAM46B:p.H416R、FAM48B1:p.I499V、FAM48B1:p.A516P、FAM5C:p.S425W、FAM86C2P:p.C120Y、FBXL14:p.V48G、FRMPD3:p.Q832del、FRS2:p.L47S、GDF5:p.E105fs、GPNMB:p.C3fs、GPT2:p.R10P、H2AFV:p.Q125R、HDLBP:p.R503C、HERC2:p.R2129C、HIST1H2BJ:p.K13R、HLX:p.N231K、HMGB3:p.E198D、HSF4:p.R169W、HSF4:p.S491P、HYAL4:p.D222N、INO80E:p.P206fs、INTS4:p.S460A、IQCF6:p.R3H、ITPR1:p.M1569I、ITPR3:p.R1698G、KANSL3:p.G376E、KCNA4:p.E627del、KDM5A:p.P423S、KDM6A:p.Y362fs、KIAA0020:p.K63R、KIDINS220:p.N851S、KIT:p.W557G、KLHDC2:p.W321S、KRAS:p.A146T、KRAS:p.Q61H、KRAS:p.Q61L、KRAS:p.G12A、KRAS:p.G12R、KRBA1:p.R839G、KRTAP4-8:p.T63S、L2HGDH:p.P441del、LAMC3:p.P174Q、LHCGR:p.L16Q、LOC401296:p.L144M、LPHN2:p.F906I、LRP12:p.G310C、LTB4R:p.F73L、LTBP3:p.L35del、LUC7L3:p.S148T、LYPD4:p.T64K、MAMLD1:p.Q572L、MAP4K2:p.R341G、MAPK7:p.A501D、MAT2A:p.E166G、MED12L:p.C1292Y、MESP2:p.Q182E、MEX3C:p.R534S、MIER2:p.L131F、MLL5:p.Y66C、MLLT3:p.177_178SS>S、MMS19:p.D1005N、MRPS25:p.E119del、MSH6:p.D576A、MTIF3:p.G65E、MUC17:p.M1807T、MUC17:p.T2279N、MUC17:p.G2474S、MUC2:p.TTPSPP1475del、MUC2:p.T1568M、MUC2:p.T1580N、MUC2:p.T1704I、MUC2:p.T1706M、MUC4:p.H1117D、MUC5B:p.R1097H、MYEF2:p.K323E、MYEOV:p.L302H、MYH8:p.A785V、MYO1A:p.N584K、NAP1L3:p.P353R、NAV1:p.I1433M、NCAM1:p.E131G、NEB:p.D3107N、NEFH:p.V670E、NELL2:p.G170D、NHS:p.D1561N、NKD2:p.H447del、NSD1:p.T461R、NT5C3:p.A3P、NYAP1:p.P480S、OBSCN:p.A908T、OR10J1:p.R244Q、OR1S2:p.M298I、OR2L3:p.K294R、OR6K6:p.F311L、PABPC3:p.V325fs、PBX2:p.Y262F、PCDHB4:p.P255F、PCMTD1:p.V281A、PCP4L1:p.K64R、PDE3A:p.A98E、PDIA6:p.N56K、PDS5A:p.L1309F、PHLDA2:p.R28S、PIGR:p.V183G、PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3CD:p.C381R、PKD1:p.T938M、PLEKHM1:p.A895V、PLEKHN1:p.A600D、PLXND1:p.R367L、PMS2:p.K651R、PNMA3:p.E200G、POTEF:p.S112G、PRAMEF8:p.I448V、PRDM2:p.E278D、PRODH:p.L527V、PRPF31:p.R289W、PSME4:p.N495D、PTGR1:p.E40A、PTPRB:p.Q726H、RABGEF1:p.N207D、RAC1:p.P34R、RANBP17:p.M900I、REV3L:p.A30S、RFC3:p.I82N、RFC3:p.K296N、RIMBP3:p.Q1154R、RPL19:p.R151C、RPL5:p.R58fs、RPTN:p.M538I、RRAD:p.A278E、RYR1:p.D668Y、RYR2:p.L2023F、SAFB:p.G799V、SCRIB:p.G332V、SDK1:p.Y2146C、SEC16A:p.T443K、SEC31B:p.P905S、SELO:p.R565Q、SELP:p.A297T、SI:p.I1681K、SLC2A7:p.H268Q、SLC37A1:p.V528I、SLC38A1:p.G100R、SMARCA2:p.D1158A、SMARCA5:p.T156fs、SMC3:p.E970Q、SMG1:p.P2696H、SNRNP200:p.A2129G、SPIN2B:p.M150V、ST6GALNAC1:p.S354N、STAMBPL1:p.Y143H、STARD8:p.G662A、STON1-GTF2A1L:p.N451S、SYMPK:p.A336G、TAS2R8:p.W98C、TCHH:p.W1016R、TET1:p.T1472S、TIAM1:p.G247M、TNS1:p.P183S、TOR1AIP2:p.G146R、TPRX1:p.S216P、TPRX1:p.S200P、TRMT61A:p.S244I、TSPAN4:p.L92V、TTF1:p.Q530R、UBE2M:p.G131D、UBR5:p.R2517S、UGT2B11:p.R447I、UMODL1:p.M559I、UNC93A:p.V445A、USP46:p.Q137R、VWA2:p.G317D、VWA7:p.V792G、WASH3P:p.L187V、WNT5B:p.K327E、WRN:p.E510D、XDH:p.P410S、ZAN:p.S755P、ZC3H11A:p.I777T、ZC3H7A:p.C575S、ZDHHC11:p.H250Q、ZFHX4:p.D3239N、ZKSCAN3:p.K200A、ZMYM4:p.T367I、ZNF174:p.P353T、ZNF322:p.Y353C、ZNF592:p.K324Q、ZNF592:p.P500T、ZNF782:p.C145F、ZNF799:p.C453R、ZNF804B:p.P644S、和ZNRF3:p.R889W。
70.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有THCA;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:BRAF:p.V600E、NRAS:p.Q61R、HRAS:p.Q61R、NRAS:p.Q61K、OTUD4:p.T909I、HRAS:p.Q61K、NLRP6:p.E611G、AKT1:p.E17K、ANKMY1:p.N302I、ATP6V1A:p.L237P、CYP19A1:p.S113I、DCUN1D4:p.L275P、DGCR8:p.E518K、DLC1:p.S741T、DNAH10:p.C1853F、EIF1AX:p.G9D、FAM75D5:p.L222P、FCGRT:p.P40A、KRAS:p.Q61K、LMX1B:p.Q285del、MAS1L:p.R324G、MED15:p.S35I、MEGF6:p.Y393C、ODZ2:p.A1529V、OR5L1:p.R122H、OR6K6:p.F311L、OTX1:p.D315N、POTEE:p.S75G、SCN5A:p.D1978H、TOP2A:p.K1199E、和TSG101:p.K265R。
71.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有UCS;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:TP53:p.R248Q、ZNF814:p.D404E、BTN2A3P:p.P3S、FBXW7:p.R465C、FRG1B:p.G65E、MUC4:p.H4205Q、NBPF10:p.V99F、PIK3CA:p.E545K、PIK3CA:p.H1047R、PPP2R1A:p.P179R、DDX11L2:p.*128Q、FBXW7:p.R479Q、FRG1B:p.K13N、FRG1B:p.L52S、HSD17B7P2:p.N175S、KRAS:p.G12V、LOC283788:p.S37G、TP53:p.R273H、TP53:p.S241Y、ADAMTS12:p.E359K、BCL2L11:p.L187fs、CDC27:p.L460fs、CHEK2:p.K373E、ESPNP:p.W122fs、FBXW7:p.R689W、FBXW7:p.R505G、FBXW7:p.R465H、FCGBP:p.V4019M、FRG1B:p.I10T、FRG1B:p.D32V、FRG1B:p.R37K、KRAS:p.G12D、LOC100233156:p.R21C、LOC283788:p.I46M、LRP1B:p.L1392F、MAMLD1:p.Q572L、MST1P9:p.L319P、MUC4:p.A2390T、MUC4:p.G2172S、NBPF10:p.E3455K、PIK3CA:p.G106V、PODXL:p.28_30PSP>P、POTEC:p.R477Q、PPP2R1A:p.R183W、PPP2R1A:p.S219L、PTPN18:p.TG378del、RGPD3:p.N756D、RPL13AP20:p.G107R、SAMD4B:p.R477W、SMAP1:p.E169fs、TP53:p.H193R、TP53:p.H179R、TP53:p.R175H、TUBBP5:p.R119H、和U2AF1:p.S34F。
72.如段落30-36中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中:
(a)该受试者群体患有PAAD;并且
(b)该至少一个肿瘤特异性突变包括选自下组的突变的任何组合,该组由以下各项组成:RBM14:p.AAAAAAA286del、KRAS:p.G12D、JMY:p.PPPPPPPPPPPP811del、RIOK1:p.D69del、LCE2A:p.SSGGCCGSSSGGCC47del、KRAS:p.G12V、C1QB:p.GPKGPMGPKGGPGAPGAP90del、ZFHX3:p.V777del、DBR1:p.541_542DD>D、AEBP1:p.K1133del、KRAS:p.G12R、RBM47:p.495_502AAAAAAAA>A、AP3S1:p.K41fs、MLL2:p.AEGPHLSPQPEELHLSPQ792del、RFX1:p.386_401GGGGGGGGGGGGGGSG>G、AXDND1:p.EQ991del、HERC2P3:p.A803V、RGPD3:p.N756D、FNDC1:p.D1180del、ANAPC1:p.T537A、IRS4:p.21_22AA>A、GIGYF2:p.Q1005del、NCOA3:p.Q1253fs、SIK3:p.950_951QQ>Q、GPR6:p.AAAAATAAGGPDTGEWGPPA36del、NBPF12:p.D1323fs、SHROOM4:p.1156_1157EE>E、ZMIZ2:p.VAAAAATATATATAT153del、DGKK:p.PAPP41del、LZTS1:p.RTQDLEGALRTKGLEL432del、CASQ2:p.395_396DD>D、DCP1B:p.251_252insH、ESPNP:p.296_317PPPPSFPPPPPPPGTQLPPPPP>P、KBTBD6:p.T403K、NBPF16:p.D449fs、ANKRD36C:p.H438R、ESPN:p.PPPPPPSFPPPPPPPGTQLPP430del、FCGBP:p.A2493V、KRAS:p.Q61H、NCOA3:p.Q1276del、OR2T2:p.C203fs、TMCC1:p.Q565L、BCKDHA:p.G129fs、ESPNP:p.H64fs、GNAS:p.R844H、NBPF14:p.R25C、OGFOD1:p.G477fs、RBM12:p.P693S、SLC38A10:p.1071_1072II>I、SORBS2:p.P866S、TP53:p.R248W、TP53:p.R175H、和UBAC1:p.E269del。
73.如段落30-72中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该组合物包括至少2种、至少3种、至少4种、至少5种、至少6种、至少7种、至少8种、至少9种、至少10种、至少11种、至少12种、至少13种、至少14种、至少15种、至少16种、至少17种、至少18种、至少19种、至少20种、至少21种、至少22种、至少23种、至少24种、至少25种、至少26种、至少27种、至少28种、至少29种或至少30种新抗原肽。
74.如段落73所述的药物组合物,其中该组合物包括15至20种新抗原肽。
75.如段落73或74所述的药物组合物,该药物组合物进一步包括对个体患者的肿瘤具有特异性的至少一种另外的新抗原肽。
76.如段落75所述的药物组合物,其中通过鉴定该患者的肿瘤样品的基因组、外显子组和/或转录组与非肿瘤样品的基因组、外显子组和/或转录组之间的序列差异来选择患者特异性新抗原肽。
77.如段落75所述的药物组合物,其中这些样品是新鲜的或福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋肿瘤组织、新鲜分离的细胞或循环肿瘤细胞。
78.如段落75所述的药物组合物,其中这些序列差异由下一代测序来确定。
79.如段落30-78中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽的长度是从约5至约50个氨基酸。
80.如段落79所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽的长度在约15至约35个氨基酸之间;长度为约15个氨基酸或更少;长度为约8和约11个氨基酸;或长度为9或10个氨基酸。
81.如段落79或80所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽结合主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类。
82.如段落30-81中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽以小于约500nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类,或任选地每种新抗原肽以小于500nM的KD结合HLA-A、HLA-B或HLA-C。
83.如段落79所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽的长度为约30个氨基酸或更少;长度在约6和约25个氨基酸之间;长度在约15和约24个氨基酸之间;或长度在约9和约15个氨基酸之间。
84.如段落79、82或83所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽结合主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)II类。
85.如段落84所述的药物组合物,其中每种新抗原肽以小于约500nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类,或任选地每种新抗原肽以小于500nM的KD结合HLA-A、HLA-B或HLA-C。
86.如段落30-85中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中至少一种新抗原肽进一步包括侧翼氨基酸。
87.如段落86所述的药物组合物,其中这些侧翼氨基酸不是天然的侧翼氨基酸。
88.如段落30-87中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中至少一种新抗原肽与至少第二新抗原肽连接。
89.如段落88所述的药物组合物,其中肽使用聚-甘氨酸或聚-丝氨酸接头连接。
90.如段落88或89所述的药物组合物,其中该第二新抗原肽以小于约1000nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类或II类。
91.如段落88-90中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该第二新抗原肽以小于约500nM的结合亲和力结合MHC I类或II类。
92.如段落88-91中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中两个新表位都结合人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-A、-B、-C、-DP、-DQ或-DR。
93.如段落88-92中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该分离的新抗原肽和该第二新抗原肽结合I类HLA,或者该分离的新抗原肽和该第二新抗原肽结合II类HLA。
94.如段落88-92中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该分离的新抗原肽结合II类HLA,并且该第二新抗原肽结合I类HLA,或者该分离的新抗原肽结合I类HLA,并且该第二新抗原肽结合II类HLA。
95.如段落30-94中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中至少一种新抗原肽进一步包括增加体内半衰期、细胞靶向、抗原摄取、抗原加工、MHC亲和力、MHC稳定性或抗原呈递的修饰。
96.如段落95所述的药物组合物,其中该修饰是与载体蛋白缀合、与配体缀合、与抗体缀合、PEG化、聚唾液酸化HES化、重组PEG模拟物、Fc融合、白蛋白融合、纳米粒子附着、纳米微粒包囊、胆固醇融合、铁融合、酰化、酰胺化、糖基化、侧链氧化、磷酸化、生物素化、添加表面活性物质、添加氨基酸模拟物或添加非天然氨基酸。
97.如段落95所述的药物组合物,其中靶向的细胞是抗原呈递细胞。
98.如段落97所述的药物组合物,其中这些抗原呈递细胞是树突细胞。
99.如段落98所述的药物组合物,其中使用DEC205、XCR1、CD197、CD80、CD86、CD123、CD209、CD273、CD283、CD289、CD184、CD85h、CD85j、CD85k、CD85d、CD85g、CD85a、CD141、CD11c、CD83、TSLP受体或CD1a标记物靶向这些树突细胞。
100.如段落99所述的药物组合物,其中使用CD141、DEC205或XCR1标记物靶向这些树突细胞。
101.如段落30-100中任一项所述的药物组合物,其为免疫原性组合物或疫苗组合物。
102.如段落101所述的药物组合物,其进一步包括免疫调节剂或佐剂。
103.如段落102所述的药物组合物,其中该免疫调节剂或佐剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚(I:C)、聚-ICLC、STING激动剂、1018ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CpG7909、CyaA、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、咪喹莫特、ImuFact IMP321、IS Patch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、JuvImmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、蒙塔尼德(Montanide)IMS 1312 VG、蒙塔尼德ISA 206 VG、蒙塔尼德ISA 50 V2、蒙塔尼德ISA 51 VG、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ISA-TLR2激动剂、ONTAK、载体系统、PLG微粒子、瑞喹莫德、SRL172、病毒体和其他病毒样粒子、YF-17D、VEGF陷阱、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys、Pam3CSK4、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸聚合物、马来酸酐共聚物和QS21刺激子(QS21 stimulon)。
104.一种分离的多核苷酸,该分离的多核苷酸编码如段落1-24中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽。
105.如段落104所述的分离的多核苷酸,其为RNA。
106.如段落105所述的分离的多核苷酸,其中该RNA被修饰以增加稳定性,增加细胞靶向,增加翻译效率、佐剂性、细胞溶胶可及性,和/或降低细胞毒性。
107.如段落106所述的分离的多核苷酸,其中该修饰是与载体蛋白缀合、与配体缀合、与抗体缀合、密码子优化、增加的GC含量、并入经修饰的核苷、并入5'-帽或帽类似物和/或并入未掩蔽的聚-A序列。
108.一种细胞,其包括如段落104-107中任一项所述的多核苷酸。
109.一种载体,其包括如段落104-107中任一项所述的多核苷酸。
110.如段落110所述的载体,其中该多核苷酸可操作地连接到启动子。
111.如段落109或110所述的载体,该载体是质粒、噬菌体、转座子、粘粒、病毒或病毒粒子。
112.如段落111所述的载体,该载体是腺相关病毒、疱疹病毒、慢病毒或其假型。
113.一种体内递送系统,其包括如段落104-107中任一项所述的分离的多核苷酸。
114.如段落113所述的递送系统,其中该递送系统包括球形核酸、病毒、病毒样粒子、质粒、细菌质粒或纳米粒子。
115.一种细胞,其包括如段落109-114中任一项所述的载体或递送系统。
116.如段落115所述的细胞,该细胞是抗原呈递细胞。
117.如段落116所述的细胞,该细胞是树突细胞。
118.如段落117所述的细胞,该细胞是不成熟的树突细胞。
119.一种组合物,其包括如段落104-107中任一项所述的至少一种多核苷酸。
120.如段落119所述的组合物,其中该组合物包括至少2种、至少3种、至少4种、至少5种、至少6种、至少7种、至少8种、至少9种、至少10种、至少11种、至少12种、至少13种、至少14种、至少15种、至少16种、至少17种、至少18种、至少19种、至少20种、至少21种、至少22种、至少23种、至少24种、至少25种、至少26种、至少27种、至少28种、至少29种或至少30种分离的多核苷酸。
121.如段落120所述的组合物,其中该组合物包括在约2个和约20个之间的多核苷酸。
122.如段落119-121中任一项所述的组合物,其中该组合物进一步包括至少1种、至少2种、至少3种、至少4种、至少5种、至少6种、至少7种、至少8种、至少9种、至少10种、至少11种、至少12种、至少13种、至少14种、至少15种、至少16种、至少17种、至少18种、至少19种、至少20种、至少21种、至少22种、至少23种、至少24种、至少25种、至少26种、至少27种、至少28种、至少29种或至少30种另外的新抗原多核苷酸,其编码另外的新抗原肽。
123.如段落122所述的组合物,其中该组合物包括在约4个和约20个之间的另外的新抗原多核苷酸。
124.如段落122所述的组合物,其中这些分离的多核苷酸与这些另外的新抗原多核苷酸连接。
125.如段落124所述的组合物,其中这些多核苷酸使用编码聚-甘氨酸或聚-丝氨酸接头的核酸连接。
126.如段落122-125中任一项所述的组合物,其中该另外的新抗原肽中的至少一个对个体患者的肿瘤是具有特异性的。
127.如段落126所述的组合物,其中通过鉴定该患者的肿瘤样品的基因组、外显子组和/或转录组与非肿瘤样品的基因组、外显子组和/或转录组之间的序列差异来选择患者特异性新抗原肽。
128.如段落127所述的组合物,其中这些样品是新鲜的或福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋肿瘤组织、新鲜分离的细胞或循环肿瘤细胞。
129.如段落127或128所述的组合物,其中这些序列差异由下一代测序来确定。
130.一种T细胞受体(TCR),其能够结合如段落1-27中任一项所列出的至少一种新抗原肽,任选地为包括FGFR3 S249C、ERBB3 V104M、EGFR L858R、MUC4 H4205Q、PDGFRAR483fs、TMEM52 23_26LLPL>L、或PODXL 28_30PSP>P的新抗原肽。
131.如段落130所述的TCR,其能够结合MHC I类或II类背景下的分离的新抗原肽。
132.一种嵌合抗原受体,其包括:(i)T细胞活化分子;(ii)跨膜区;和(iii)能够结合如段落1-27中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽的抗原识别部分。
133.如段落132所述的嵌合抗原受体,其中CD3-ζ是T细胞活化分子。
134.如段落132或133所述的嵌合抗原受体,其进一步包括至少一个共刺激信号传导结构域。
135.如段落132-134中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体,其中该信号传导结构域是CD28、4-1BB、ICOS、OX40、ITAM或FcεRI-γ。
136.如段落132-135中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体,其中该抗原识别部分能够结合MHC I类或II类背景下的分离的新抗原肽。
137.如段落132-136中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体,其包括CD3-ζ、CD28、CTLA-4、ICOS、BTLA、KIR、LAG3、CD137、OX40、CD27、CD40L、Tim-3、A2aR或PD-1跨膜区。
138.如段落132-137中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体,其中该肿瘤特异性表位位于肿瘤相关多肽的细胞外结构域中,任选地,该肿瘤特异性表位包括FGFR3 S249C、ERBB3V104M、EGFR L858R、MUC4 H4205Q、PDGFRA R483fs、TMEM52 23_26LLPL>L或PODXL 28_30PSP>P。
139.一种T细胞,其包含如段落130-138中任一项所述的T细胞受体或嵌合抗原受体。
140.如段落139所述的T细胞,该T细胞是辅助T细胞或细胞毒性T细胞。
141.一种核酸,其包括与编码如段落130或131所述的T细胞受体的多核苷酸可操作连接的启动子。
142.如段落141所述的核酸,其中该TCR能够结合主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类或II类背景下的至少一种新抗原肽。
143.一种核酸,其包括与编码如段落132-138中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体的多核苷酸可操作连接的启动子。
144.如段落143所述的核酸,其中该抗原识别部分能够结合主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类或II类背景下的至少一种新抗原肽。
145.如段落143或144所述的核酸,其中该肿瘤特异性表位位于肿瘤相关多肽的细胞外结构域中。
146.如段落143-145中任一项所述的核酸,其包括CD3-ζ、CD28、CTLA-4、ICOS、BTLA、KIR、LAG3、CD137、OX40、CD27、CD40L、Tim-3、A2aR或PD-1跨膜区。
147.一种抗体,其能够结合表1-9中列出的至少一种新抗原肽。
148.一种经修饰的细胞,其用如段落141-146中任一项所述的核酸转染或转导。
149.如段落148所述的经修饰的细胞,其中该经修饰的细胞是T细胞、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞、NK-T细胞、TCR表达细胞、CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞或NK细胞。
150.一种组合物,其包括如段落130-138中任一项所述的T细胞受体或嵌合抗原受体。
151.一种包括患者自体T细胞的组合物,这些患者自体T细胞包含如段落130-138中任一项所述的T细胞受体或嵌合抗原受体。
152.如段落150或151所述的组合物,其进一步包括免疫检查点抑制剂。
153.如段落150或151所述的组合物,其进一步包括至少两种免疫检查点抑制剂。
154.如段落152或153所述的组合物,其中该免疫检查点抑制剂抑制选自下组的检查点蛋白,该组由以下各项组成:CTLA-4、PDL1、PDL2、PD1、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、HVEM、TIM3、GAL9、LAG3、VISTA、KIR、2B4、CD160、CGEN-15049、CHK 1、CHK2、A2aR和B-7家族配体或其组合。
155.如段落154所述的组合物,其中该免疫检查点抑制剂与选自下组的检查点蛋白的配体相互作用,该组由以下各项组成:CTLA-4、PDL1、PDL2、PD1、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、HVEM、TIM3、GAL9、LAG3、VISTA、KIR、2B4、CD160、CGEN-15049、CHK 1、CHK2、A2aR和B-7家族配体或其组合。
156.如段落119-129或150-156中任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包括免疫调节剂或佐剂。
157.如段落156所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂是共刺激配体、TNF配体、Ig超家族配体、CD28、CD80、CD86、ICOS、CD40L、OX40、CD27、GITR、CD30、DR3、CD69或4-1BB。
158.如段落156所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂是至少一种癌细胞或癌细胞提取物。
159.如段落158所述的组合物,其中该癌细胞对需要该组合物的受试者来说是自体的。
160.如段落159所述的组合物,其中该癌细胞已经历裂解或暴露于UV辐射。
161.如段落156所述的组合物,其中该组合物进一步包括佐剂。
162.如段落161所述的组合物,其中该佐剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚(I:C)、聚-ICLC、STING激动剂、1018ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CpG7909、CyaA、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、咪喹莫特、ImuFact IMP321、IS Patch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、JuvImmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、蒙塔尼德(Montanide)IMS 1312VG、蒙塔尼德ISA206VG、蒙塔尼德ISA 50 V2、蒙塔尼德ISA 51VG、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ISA-TLR2激动剂、ONTAK、载体系统、PLG微粒子、瑞喹莫德、SRL172、病毒体和其他病毒样粒子、YF-17D、VEGF陷阱、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys、Pam3CSK4、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸聚合物、马来酸酐共聚物和QS21刺激子(QS21stimulon)。
163.如段落161或162所述的组合物,其中该佐剂在给予受试者时诱导体液免疫应答。
164.如段落162所述的组合物,其中该佐剂在给予受试者时诱导T辅助细胞1型应答。
165.一种体内递送系统,其包括如段落30-103中任一项所述的药物组合物。
166.如段落165所述的递送系统,其中该递送系统包括细胞穿透肽、纳米微粒包囊、病毒样粒子或脂质体。
167.如段落166所述的递送系统,其中该细胞穿透肽是TAT肽、单纯疱疹病毒VP22、转运素(transportan)或Antp。
168.一种细胞,其包括如段落1-29中任一项所述的分离的新抗原肽。
169.如段落168所述的细胞,该细胞是抗原呈递细胞。
170.如段落169所述的细胞,该细胞是树突细胞。
171.一种在有需要的受试者中治疗癌症或启动、增强或延长抗肿瘤应答的方法,该方法包括向该受试者给予如段落1-164中任一项所述的肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物、抗体或细胞。
172.一种癌症预防性治疗的方法,该方法包括:
(a)为有需要的患者选择癌症药物,该药物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK抑制剂和抗雌激素疗法;并且
(b)向受试者预防性地给予根据段落30-103中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中该至少一种新抗原肽源自与所选择的癌症药物相关的抗性突变。
173.一种治疗或预防有需要的受试者群体中的肿瘤的方法,该方法包括向受试者给予如下的药剂,该药剂包括识别肿瘤特异性新表位的细胞外配体结合结构域,该肿瘤特异性新表位包括在该群体中发生率为至少1%的肿瘤特异性突变。
174.如段落171-173中任一项所述的方法,其中该肿瘤特异性突变包括针对表9中的任何群体列出的突变。
175.根据段落171-173中任一项所述的方法,其中该肿瘤特异性突变位于含有细胞外结构域的基因内。
176.根据段落175所述的方法,其中该肿瘤特异性突变包括FGFR3 S249C、ERBB3V104M、EGFR L858R、MUC4 H4205Q、PDGFRA R483fs、TMEM52 23_26LLPL>L或PODXL 28_30PSP>P。
177.根据段落176所述的方法,其中该肿瘤特异性突变位于细胞外结构域内。
178.根据段落177所述的方法,其中该肿瘤特异性突变包括FGFR3 S249C或ERBB3V104M。
179.如段落171-178中任一项所述的方法,其中该受试者是人。
180.如段落179所述的方法,其中该受试者患有癌症。
181.如段落180所述的方法,其中该癌症选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:泌尿生殖系统癌症、妇科癌症、肺癌、胃肠癌、头颈癌、恶性胶质母细胞瘤、恶性间皮瘤、非转移性或转移性乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤、梅克尔细胞癌或骨和软组织肉瘤、血液学瘤形成、多发性骨髓瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和急性成淋巴细胞白血病、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、乳腺癌、转移性结直肠癌、激素敏感性或激素难治性前列腺癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌、肝细胞癌、肾细胞癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、食道癌、肝细胞癌、胆管细胞癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、软组织肉瘤和小细胞肺癌。
182.如段落171-181中任一项所述的方法,其中该受试者已经经历肿瘤的手术去除。
183.如段落171-182中任一项所述的方法,其中该肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞是经静脉内、腹膜内、瘤内、皮内或皮下给予来给予。
184.如段落183所述的方法,其中该肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞被给予到解剖部位中,该解剖部位引流到淋巴结盆(lymph node basin)中。
185.如段落184所述的方法,其中给予是到多个淋巴结盆中。
186.如段落183-185中任一项所述的方法,其中通过皮下或皮内途径进行给予。
187.如段落183所述的方法,其中给予肽。
188.如段落187所述的方法,其中给予是瘤内进行。
189.如段落183所述的方法,其中给予多核苷酸,任选地RNA。
190.如段落189所述的方法,其中该多核苷酸是静脉内给予的。
191.如段落183所述的方法,其中该细胞是T细胞或树突细胞。
192.如段落191所述的方法,其中该肽或多核苷酸包括抗原呈递细胞靶向部分。
193.如段落171-192中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括向受试者给予至少一种免疫检查点抑制剂。
194.如段落193所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂是生物治疗剂或小分子。
195.如段落193或194所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:单克隆抗体、人源化抗体、完全人抗体和融合蛋白或其组合。
196.如段落193-195中任一项所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂抑制选自下组的检查点蛋白,该组由以下各项组成:CTLA-4、PDL1、PDL2、PD1、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、HVEM、TIM3、GAL9、LAG3、VISTA、KIR、2B4、CD160、CGEN-15049、CHK 1、CHK2、A2aR和B-7家族配体或其组合。
197.如段落193-196中任一项所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂与选自下组的检查点蛋白的配体相互作用,该组由以下各项组成:CTLA-4、PDL1、PDL2、PD1、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、HVEM、TIM3、GAL9、LAG3、VISTA、KIR、2B4、CD160、CGEN-15049、CHK 1、CHK2、A2aR和B-7家族配体或其组合。
198.如段落193-197中任一项所述的方法,其中给予两种或更多种检查点抑制剂。
199.如段落198所述的方法,其中检查点抑制剂是:(i)伊匹单抗或曲美木单抗,和(ii)纳武单抗。
200.如段落193-199中任一项所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂和该组合物同时或以任何顺序依次给予。
201.如段落200所述的方法,其中在该检查点抑制剂之前给予该肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞。
202.如段落200所述的方法,其中在该检查点抑制剂之后给予该肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞。
203.如段落200所述的方法,其中在整个新抗原肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞疗法中继续给予该检查点抑制剂。
204.如段落193-203中任一项所述的方法,其中将该新抗原肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞疗法给予对检查点抑制剂疗法仅部分反应或不反应的受试者。
205.如段落193-204中任一项所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂是静脉内或皮下给予的。
206.如段落205所述的方法,其中该检查点抑制剂是在该组合物的给予部位的约2cm内皮下给予。
207.如段落206所述的方法,其中该组合物被给予到与该检查点抑制剂相同的引流淋巴结中。
208.如段落171-207中任一项所述的方法,该方法进一步包括在用该肽、多核苷酸、载体、组合物或细胞处理之前、同时或之后,向该受试者给予另外的治疗剂。
209.如段落208所述的方法,其中该另外的药剂是化学治疗剂、免疫调节药物、免疫代谢修饰药物、靶向疗法、放射、抗血管发生剂或减少免疫抑制的药剂。
210.如段落209所述的方法,其中该化学治疗剂是烷化剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗代谢剂或抗有丝分裂剂。
211.如段落208所述的方法,其中该另外的药剂是抗糖皮质激素诱导的肿瘤坏死因子家族受体(GITR)激动性抗体或抗体片段、依罗替尼、多西他赛、顺铂或环磷酰胺。
212.如段落171-211中任一项所述的方法,其引发CD4+ T细胞免疫应答。
213.如段落171-212中任一项所述的方法,其引发CD4+ T细胞免疫应答和CD8+ T细胞免疫应答。
214.一种用于刺激受试者中的免疫应答的方法,该方法包括给予有效量的如段落30-103、108、115-129、139、140、148-164和168-170中任一项所述的经修饰的细胞或组合物。
215.如段落214所述的方法,其中该免疫应答是细胞毒性和/或体液免疫应答。
216.如段落214所述的方法,其中该方法刺激受试者中的T细胞介导的免疫应答。
217.如段落216所述的方法,其中该T细胞介导的免疫应答是针对靶细胞。
218.如段落217所述的方法,其中该靶细胞是肿瘤细胞。
219.如段落214-218中任一项所述的方法,其中在体内转染或转导这些经修饰的细胞。
220.如段落214-219中任一项所述的方法,其中离体转染或转导这些经修饰的细胞。
221.如段落214-220中任一项所述的方法,其中这些经修饰的细胞是患者自体T细胞。
222.如段落221所述的方法,其中这些患者自体T细胞是从已经接受新抗原肽或核酸疫苗的患者获得的。
223.如段落222所述的方法,其中该新抗原肽或核酸疫苗包括至少一种个性化新抗原。
224.如段落223所述的方法,其中该新抗原肽或核酸疫苗包括表1-9中列出的至少一种另外的新抗原肽。
225.如段落224所述的方法,其中该患者在接受该新抗原肽或核酸疫苗之前和/或期间接受化学治疗剂、免疫调节药物、免疫代谢修饰药物、靶向疗法或放射。
226.如段落222-225中任一项所述的方法,其中该患者接受用至少一种检查点抑制剂进行的治疗。
227.如段落222-226中任一项所述的方法,其中这些自体T细胞是从已经接受至少一轮含有新抗原的T细胞疗法的患者获得的。
228.如段落222-227中任一项所述的方法,其中该方法进一步包括过继性T细胞疗法。
229.如段落228所述的方法,其中该过继性T细胞疗法包括自体T细胞。
230.如段落229所述的方法,其中这些自体T细胞靶向肿瘤抗原。
231.如段落228或229所述的方法,其中该过继性T细胞疗法进一步包括同种异体T细胞。
232.如段落231所述的方法,其中这些同种异体T细胞靶向肿瘤抗原。
233.如段落227-231中任一项所述的方法,其中该过继性T细胞疗法是在该检查点抑制剂之前给予。
234.一种用于评价如段落171-213中任一项所述的功效的方法,该方法包括:(i)在给予该经修饰的细胞之前,测量从该受试者获得的第一样品中的靶细胞的数目或浓度,(ii)在给予该经修饰的细胞之后,测量从该受试者获得的第二样品中的靶细胞的数目浓度,并且(iii)确定第二样品中的靶细胞的数量或浓度与第一样品中的靶细胞的数目或浓度相比的增加或减少。
235.如段落234所述的方法,其中治疗功效是通过监测如下项来确定:临床结果;T细胞的抗肿瘤活性的增加、增强或延长;抗肿瘤T细胞或活化的T细胞数目与治疗前数目相比的增加;B细胞活性;CD4T细胞活性;或其组合。
236.如段落235所述的方法,其中治疗功效是通过监测生物标记物来确定。
237.如段落236所述的方法,其中该生物标记物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:CEA、Her-2/neu、膀胱肿瘤抗原、甲状腺球蛋白、甲胎蛋白、PSA、CA 125、CA19.9、CA 15.3、瘦素、催乳素、骨桥蛋白、IGF-II、CD98、肌成束蛋白、sPIgR、14-3-3eta、肌钙蛋白I和b型利尿钠肽。
238.如段落235所述的方法,其中临床结果选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:肿瘤消退;肿瘤收缩;肿瘤坏死;免疫系统的抗肿瘤应答;肿瘤扩张、复发或扩散;或其组合。
239.如段落235所述的方法,其中通过T细胞的存在或指示T细胞炎症的基因标记的存在或其组合来预测治疗效果。
240.一种试剂盒,其包括如段落1-164中任一项所述的新抗原治疗剂。
因此,本发明的目的在于,在本发明中不涵盖任何先前已知的产品、制造该产品的过程、或使用该产品的方法,使得申请人保留和特此披露放弃任何先前已知的产品、过程、或方法的权利。进一步指出的是,在本发明的范围之内,本发明并不旨在涵盖任何产品、过程、或该产品的制造或使用该产品的方法,其不符合USPTO(35U.S.C.§112,第一段)或EPO(EPC的第83条)的书面说明和可实施性要求,使得申请人保留和特此公开放弃任何先前描述的产品、制造该产品的过程、或使用该产品的方法的权利。可以有利的是,在本发明的实践中符合条款53(c)EPC以及条例28(b)和(c)EPC。明确保留所有明确地否认作为本申请的谱系或任何其他谱系或任何第三方的任何先前提交的申请中申请人的任何一个或多个授权专利的主题的任何实施例的权利在此没有内容应解读为承诺。
应注意,在本披露并且特别是在权利要求书和/或段落中,术语如“包括
(comprises)”、“包括的(comprised)”、“包括了(comprising)”等等可具有在美国专利法中属于它的含义;例如,它们可以表示“包含(includes)”、“包含的(included)”、“包含了(including)”等等;并且这些术语如“基本上由……组成(consisting essentiallyof)”和“基本上由……组成(consists essentially of)”具有在美国专利法中归于它们的含义,例如,它们允许未被明确叙述的要素,但是排除在现有技术中发现或者影响本发明的基本或新颖特征的要素。此处旨在没有任何承诺。
这些和其他实施例披露于以下详细说明中,或者据其显而易见并且由其涵盖。
具体实施方式
为了有助于理解本发明,在此定义了多个术语和短语:
除非明确规定或从上下文显而易见,否则如在此所使用的,术语“约(about)”被理解为在本领域的正常公差范围内,例如,在平均数的2个标准偏差之内。约可以理解为声明值的50%、45%、40%、35%、30%、25%、20%、15%、10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%内。除非另外从上下文清楚可见,否则在此提供的所有数值均被术语约修饰。
除非明确规定或从上下文显而易见,否则如在此所使用的,术语“或”被理解为包括在内。除非明确规定或从上下文显而易见,否则如在此所使用的,术语“一个、一种(a、an)”和“该(the)”被理解为单数的或复数的。
所有的基因名称符号是指本领域普遍已知的基因。基因符号可以是HUGO基因命名委员会(HGNC)提及的那些。对基因符号的任何提及都是对整个基因或该基因的变体的提及。HUGO基因命名委员会负责提供人类基因命名指南并批准新的唯一人类基因名称和符号。所有的人类基因名称和符号都可以在www.genenames.org(HGNC网站)进行搜索,并可以在那里(www.genenames.org/guidelines)找到其形成指南。
所谓“试剂(agent)”意指任何小分子化学化合物、抗体、核酸分子或多肽或其片段。
所谓“改善(ameliorate)”意指减少、抑制、减弱、减小、阻滞或稳定疾病(例如,瘤形成、肿瘤等)的发展或进展。
所谓“改变”意指如通过标准技术已知的方法(例如在此描述的那些)检测的基因或多肽的表达水平或活性的变化(增加或减少)。如在此所使用的,改变包括表达水平的10%的变化,优选是表达水平的25%的变化,更优选是40%的变化,并且最优选是50%或更大的变化。
所述的“类似物(analog)”意味着不是相同的但是具有类似的功能或者结构特征的分子。例如,肿瘤特异性新抗原多肽类似物保留了对应的天然存在的肿瘤特异性新抗原多肽的生物活性,同时相对于天然存在的多肽具有某些增强该类似物的功能的生物化学修饰。这样的生物化学修饰可以增加其蛋白酶抗性、膜通透性或半衰期,而不改变,例如,配体结合。类似物可以包括非天然氨基酸。
“联合疗法”旨在包括以顺序方式给予治疗剂(例如在此描述的新抗原肽),也就是说,其中在不同时间给予每种治疗剂,以及以基本上同时的方式给予这些治疗剂或这些治疗剂中的至少两种。可以例如通过向受试者给予具有固定比率的每种治疗剂的单一胶囊或以针对这些治疗剂中的每种的多个单一胶囊来完成基本上同时给予。例如,本发明的一种组合可以包括在相同或不同时间给予的新抗原肽的聚池化样品,或者可以将它们配制成包括这些肽的单一的共配制药物组合物。作为另一个实例,本发明的一种组合(例如,肿瘤特异性新抗原的聚池化样品)可以被配制为可以在相同时间或不同时间给予的分开的药物组合物。如在此所用,术语“同时”意在指在相同时间给予一种或多种药剂。例如,在某些实施例中,同时给予这些新抗原肽。同时包括同时期(即在相同的时间段中)给予。在某些实施例中,该一种或多种药剂在同一小时内同时给予,或者在同一天内同时给予。每种治疗剂的连续或基本上同时给予可以通过任何适当的途径来实现,包括但不限于口服途径、静脉途径、皮下途径、肌内途径、通过粘膜组织(例如鼻、口、阴道和直肠)直接吸收和经眼途径(例如玻璃体内、眼内等)。可以通过相同途径或通过不同途径给予这些治疗剂。例如,可以通过静脉注射给予特定组合的一种组分,同时可以口服地给予该组合的其他一种或多种组分。可以按任何治疗有效的顺序给予这些组分。短语“组合”包括作为联合疗法的一部分有用的化合物的或非药疗法的组。
术语“新抗原(neoantigen)”或“新抗原的(neoantigenic)”意指一类肿瘤抗原,其产生自改变基因组编码的蛋白质的氨基酸序列的一个或多个肿瘤特异性突变。
所谓“瘤形成(neoplasia)”意指不适当地高水平的细胞分裂、不适当地低水平的凋亡或两者引起的任何疾病。例如,癌症是瘤形成的一个实例。癌症的实例包括但不限于白血病(例如,急性白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓细胞白血病、急性成髓细胞白血病、急性早幼粒细胞白血病、急性骨髓单核细胞性白血病、急性单核细胞白血病、急性红白血病、慢性白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病)、真性红细胞增多症、淋巴瘤(例如,何杰金氏病、非何杰金氏病)、沃尔登斯特伦氏(Waldenstrom's)巨球蛋白血症、重链病和实体瘤例如肉瘤和癌(例如,纤维肉瘤、粘液肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨原性肉瘤、脊索瘤、血管肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管内皮肉瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、尤因氏瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌、乳头状腺癌、囊腺癌、髓样癌、支气管癌、肾细胞癌、肝癌、胆管癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞瘤、胚胎性癌、成肾细胞瘤、宫颈癌、子宫癌、睾丸癌、肺癌、小细胞肺癌、膀胱癌、上皮癌、神经胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜细胞瘤、松果体瘤、成血管细胞瘤、听神经瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、神经鞘瘤、脑膜瘤、黑色素瘤、成神经细胞瘤及成视网膜细胞瘤)。淋巴增生性障碍也视为增生性疾病。
在本上下文中术语“疫苗”意指肿瘤特异性新抗原肽,例如至少两种、至少三种、至少四种、至少五种、或更多种新抗原肽的聚池化样品。“疫苗”应被理解为意指用于产生用于预防和/或治疗疾病(例如,瘤形成/肿瘤)的免疫性的组合物。相应地,疫苗是包含抗原的药剂并且旨在通过疫苗接种而在人类或动物中用于产生特异性防御和保护物质。“疫苗组合物”可以包括一种药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体或稀释剂。
术语“药学上可接受的”是指由联邦或州政府的监管机构批准的或可批准的或者美国药典中或其他公认药典中列出的在动物(包括人类)中使用的。
“药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体或稀释剂”是指这样一种赋形剂、载体或稀释剂,它们可以与一种试剂一起给予受试者,并且它们不破坏该试剂的药理学活性并且当以有效递送治疗量的该试剂的剂量给予时是无毒的。
如在此所列举的,聚池化的肿瘤特异性新抗原的“药学上可接受的盐”可以是在本领域中通常认为适于与人类或动物的组织接触而没有过多毒性、刺激性、变应性反应或其他问题或并发症的酸盐或碱盐。此类盐包括碱性残基(如胺)的矿物盐和有机酸盐以及酸性残基(如羧酸)的碱盐或有机盐。具体的药用盐包括但不限于酸的盐,如盐酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、苹果酸、乙醇酸、富马酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磺胺酸、甲酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、2-羟乙基磺酸、硝酸、苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、硬脂酸、水杨酸、谷氨酸、抗坏血酸、扑酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、丙酸、羟基马来酸、氢碘酸、苯乙酸、链烷酸如乙酸、HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n是0-4)等。类似地,药学上可接受的阳离子包括但不限于钠、钾、钙、铝、锂以及铵。本领域的普通技术人员应从本披露和本领域知识认识到在此提供的聚池化的肿瘤特异性新抗原的另外的药学上可接受的盐包括由Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences,17th ed.,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA,p.1418(1985)[雷明顿的药物科学,第17版,马克出版公司,伊斯顿,宾夕法尼亚州,第1418页(1985)]所列出的那些。通常,药学上可接受的酸盐或碱盐可以通过任何常规化学方法由包含碱性或酸性部分的母体化合物合成。简言之,此类盐可以通过使这些化合物的游离酸或碱形式与化学计算量的适当的碱或酸在适当的溶剂中反应来制备。
其中“多肽”或“肽”意思是指已经与自然伴随它的组分分离的一种多肽。典型地,当该多肽以重量计为至少60%时,将它与它天然关联的蛋白质和天然存在的有机分子分离。优选地,该制剂是以重量计至少75%,更优选是至少90%,并且最优选是至少99%的多肽。分离的多肽可以例如通过从天然源提取、通过表达编码这样一种多肽的重组核酸或通过化学合成该蛋白而获得。可以通过任何适当的方法测量纯度,例如,柱色谱法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳或通过HPLC分析。
如在此所使用的,术语“预防(prevent,preventing,prevention)”、“预防性治疗(prophylactic treatment)”等是指降低未患疾病或病症但是处于患上疾病或病症的风险之中或易于患上疾病或病症的受试者患上疾病或病症的可能性。
术语“初免/加强”或“初免/加强剂量方案”意指疫苗或免疫原性的或免疫学的组合物的连续给予。初免给予(初免)是第一疫苗或免疫原性的或免疫学的组合物类型的给予,并且可以包括一次、两次或更多次给予。加强给予是疫苗或免疫原性的或免疫学的组合物类型的第二给予,并且可以包括一次、两次或更多次给予,并且例如,可以包括或基本上由一年一度的给予组成。在某些实施例中,瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物的给予是按初免/加强剂量方案进行的。
在此提供的范围被理解为对该范围内的所有值的简写。例如,1至50的范围被理解为包括来自下组的任何数、数的组合或亚范围,该组由以下各项组成:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49或50,以及在以上提到的整数之间的所有中间的十进制值,例如像1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8以及1.9。关于亚范围,确切地考虑了从该范围的任一终点延伸的“嵌套式亚范围”。例如,1至50的示例性范围的嵌套式亚范围可以包括一个方向上的1至10、1至20、1至30以及1至40,或另一个方向上的50至40、50至30、50至20以及50至10。
“受体”应被理解为意指能够结合配体的生物分子或分子分组。受体可以用于传输细胞、细胞形成或生物体中的信息。受体包括至少一个受体单位并且经常包含两个或更多个受体单位,其中每个受体单位都可以由蛋白质分子特别是糖蛋白分子组成。受体具有互补于配体的结构的结构并且可以将该配体复合为结合配偶体。信号转导信息可以通过与细胞表面上的配体结合之后受体的构象变化来传输。根据本发明,受体可以指能够与配体形成受体/配体复合物的MHC类别I和II的具体蛋白质,特别是具有合适长度的肽或肽片段。
术语“受试者”是指作为治疗、观察或实验对象的动物。仅通过举例的方式,受试者包括但不限于哺乳动物,包括但不限于人或非人哺乳动物,如非人类灵长类动物、牛、马、犬、绵羊或猫。
术语“治疗(treat、treated、treating、treatment等)”意指减少或改善障碍和/或与其(例如,瘤形成或肿瘤)相关的症状。“治疗”可以指在癌症发作或疑似发作之后向受试者给予该疗法。“治疗”包括“减轻”的概念,它是指减少涉及癌症和/或与癌症疗法关联的副作用的任何症状或其他不良作用的发生或复发的频率或严重性。术语“治疗”还涵盖“管理”的概念,它是指减小患者中具体疾病或障碍的严重性,或延迟其复发,例如延长患有疾病的患者的缓解期。应理解的是,尽管不能排除,治疗障碍或病症并不要求完全地消除该障碍、病症或与其相关的症状。
术语“治疗效果”是指在一定程度上减轻障碍(例如,瘤形成或肿瘤)或其相关病变的一种或多种症状。如在此所使用的“治疗有效量”是指当以单剂量或多剂量给予细胞或受试者时,在延长患有这样的一种障碍的患者的生存力、减少该障碍的一种或多种体征或症状、预防或延迟以及超过没有这样的治疗下预期的情况等方面有效的试剂的量。“治疗有效量”意在限定达到治疗效果所需的量。具有本领域普通技术的医生或兽医可以容易地确定并且开出所需药物组合物的“治疗有效量”(例如,ED50)。例如,医生或兽医开始以低于达到希望的治疗效果所需的水平给予在药物组合物中所用的本发明的组合物,并且逐渐增加剂量直到达到希望的效果。
如关于融合蛋白所用的,术语“间隔区””或“接头”是指连接蛋白质(包括融合蛋白)的肽。通常,除了加入或保留蛋白质或RNA序列之间的一些最小距离或其他空间关系之外,间隔区没有特定的生物活性。然而,在某些实施例中,可选择间隔区的组成氨基酸以影响分子的某些性质,例如分子的折叠、净电荷或疏水性。
用于本发明实施例的适合的接头对于本领域技术人员来说是公知的,并且包括但不限于直链或支链碳接头、杂环碳接头或肽接头。接头用于将两种新抗原肽分离足够的距离,以确保在一个优选的实施例中,每种新抗原肽适当地折叠。优选的肽接头序列采用柔性延伸构象,并且不展现发展有序的二级结构的倾向。柔性蛋白质区域中的典型氨基酸包括Gly、Asn和Ser。实际上,含有Gly、Asn和Ser的氨基酸序列的任何置换预期将满足接头序列的上述标准。其他接近中性的氨基酸,如Thr和Ala,也可用于接头序列中。可以用作接头的再其他氨基酸序列披露于Maratea等人(1985),Gene[基因]40:39-46;Murphy等人(1986)Proc.Nat'l.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]83:8258-62;美国专利号4,935,233;和美国专利号4,751,180。
在此的变量的任何定义中,化学基团列表的陈述包括该变量作为任何单一基团或所列基团的组合的定义。针对在此的变量或方面的实施例的陈述包括该实施例作为任何单一实施例或与任何其他实施例或其部分的组合。
在此提供的任何组合物或方法可以与在此提供的一个或多个任何其他组合物和方法进行组合。
在此披露的疗法构成用于治疗各种类型的癌症的新方法。在此描述的疗法还提供了用于实现临床益处而没有不可接受水平的副作用的治疗方法。
在一个方面中,本发明涉及通过向受试者给予包括多种肿瘤特异性新抗原肽的疫苗或免疫原性组合物来治疗瘤形成并且更具体地治疗肿瘤的方法。如在此更详细描述的,在一些实施例中,该组合物提供了适于治疗高比例患有癌症的受试者中的肿瘤的肿瘤特异性新抗原的特异性优化子组。在一些实施例中,这些肿瘤特异性新抗原可一起结合该受试者群体中存在的高总比例的HLA同种异型。
免疫系统可以被分成两个功能子系统:先天性和获得性免疫系统。先天性免疫系统是针对感染的第一道防线,并且大多数潜在病原体在它们可以引起例如显著感染之前被此系统快速中和。获得性免疫系统与侵入生物体的称为抗原的分子结构反应。存在两类获得性免疫反应,包括体液免疫反应和细胞介导的免疫反应。在体液免疫反应中,由B细胞分泌到体液内的抗体结合病原体衍生的抗原,导致通过多种机制消除病原体,例如补体介导的裂解。在细胞介导的免疫反应中,能够破坏其他细胞的T细胞被激活。例如,如果与疾病相关的蛋白质存在于细胞中,则它们在该细胞内被蛋白水解地裂成肽。特异性细胞蛋白随后将其自身附着至以这种方式形成的抗原或肽,并且将其转运至细胞的表面,在这里它们被呈递给身体的分子防御机制,特别是T细胞。细胞毒性T细胞识别这些抗原并且杀死具有这些抗原的细胞。
转运并且在细胞表面上呈递肽的分子被称为主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)的蛋白质。MHC蛋白被分成两个类型,称为MHC I类和MHC II类。两个MHC类别的蛋白质结构非常相似;然而,它们具有非常不同的功能。MHC I类的蛋白质存在于身体的几乎所有细胞(包括大多数肿瘤细胞)的表面上。MHC I类蛋白装载有抗原,这些抗原通常源于内源蛋白质或源于细胞内存在的病原体,并且随后被呈递给初始或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)。MHC II类蛋白存在于树突细胞、B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞以及其他抗原呈递细胞上。它们主要将由体外抗原来源(即细胞外)加工的肽呈递给T辅助(Th)细胞。由MHC I类蛋白结合的大多数肽源于在生物体自身的健康宿主中产生的胞浆蛋白,并且通常不刺激免疫反应。相应地,识别此类呈递自身肽的I类MHC分子的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞在胸腺中缺失(中枢耐受),或在其从胸腺中释放后,被缺失或灭活,即耐受(外周耐受)。MHC分子在它们将肽呈递给非耐受T淋巴细胞时能够刺激免疫反应。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞在其表面上具有T细胞受体(TCR)和CD8分子两者。T细胞受体能够识别并且结合与MHC I类分子复合的肽。每个细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表达独特的T细胞受体,其能够结合特异性MHC/肽复合物。
在它们被呈递在细胞表面上之前,肽抗原通过在内质网内的竞争性亲和力结合将其自身附着至MHC I类分子上。此处,单独的肽抗原的亲和力直接与其氨基酸序列和在该氨基酸序列内的限定位置中特异性结合基序的存在联系。如果这样一种肽的序列是已知的,则可以使用例如肽疫苗操纵免疫系统对抗患病细胞。
开发治愈性和肿瘤特异性免疫疗法的关键障碍之一是高度特异性且限制性的肿瘤抗原的鉴定和选择,以避免自身免疫。作为恶性细胞内的遗传变化(例如,倒位、易位、缺失、错义突变、剪接位点突变等)的结果而出现的肿瘤新抗原代表最具肿瘤特异性类别的抗原。新抗原很少被用于癌症疫苗或免疫原性组合物中,因为在鉴定它们、选择优化的新抗原以及产生用于在疫苗或免疫原性组合物中使用的新抗原方面存在技术难点。可以通过以下项来解决这些问题:
·鉴定在肿瘤DNA水平上存在的瘤形成/肿瘤中的突变,这些突变不在来自高比例癌症受试者的匹配种系样品中;
·用一种或多种肽-MHC结合预测算法分析这些鉴定的突变,以产生多个新抗原T细胞表位,这些表位被表达于该瘤形成/肿瘤内并且结合高比例的患者HLA等位基因;并且
·合成该多种新抗原肽,它们选自这些组的所有新抗原肽和用于在适合于治疗高比例癌症受试者的癌症疫苗或免疫原性组合物中使用的预测的结合肽。
例如,将测序信息转换成治疗性疫苗可以包括:
(1)预测可以与高比例的个体的HLA分子结合的突变肽。对利用哪些具体突变作为免疫原进行有效地选择需要能预测哪些突变肽将有效地与高比例的患者的HLA等位基因结合。最近,使用验证的结合与非结合肽的基于神经网络的学习方法已经提升了针对主要HLA-A和-B等位基因的预测算法的准确度。
(2)将药物配制为长肽的多表位疫苗。实际地靶向尽可能多的突变表位利用了免疫系统的巨大能力,阻止了通过具体免疫靶向基因产物的下调而免疫逃逸的机会,并且补偿表位预测方法的已知不准确性。合成肽提供了一种用于有效制备多种免疫原并且将突变型表位的鉴定快速转换为有效疫苗的特别有用的手段。可以用化学方法容易地合成肽并且利用不含污染菌或动物物质的试剂容易地纯化。小尺寸允许明确侧重于蛋白质的突变区域并且还减少了来自其他组分(未突变蛋白或病毒载体抗原)的无关抗原竞争。
(3)与强疫苗佐剂组合。有效的疫苗需要强佐剂来启动免疫应答。如下所述,聚-ICLC已经显示出了疫苗佐剂的若干令人希望的特性,聚-ICLC是TLR3和RNA解旋酶-MDA5和RIG3的结构域的激动剂。这些特性包括在体内诱导免疫细胞的局部和全身性激活,产生刺激性趋化因子和细胞因子以及通过DC刺激抗原呈递。此外,聚-ICLC可以在人体内诱导持久的CD4+和CD8+应答。重要的是,在用聚-ICLC接种的受试者体内和在已经接受高效具复制能力的黄热病疫苗的志愿者体内,在转录和信号转导途径的上调中观察到惊人的相似性。此外,在最近的1期研究中,>90%用与NYES0-1肽疫苗(除蒙塔尼德之外)组合的聚-ICLC免疫的卵巢癌患者显示出CD4+和CD8+ T细胞的诱导,以及对该肽的抗体应答。同时,迄今已经在超过25个临床试验中广泛地测试了聚-ICLC并且展示出相对良性的毒性特征。
本发明的上述优点如此处进一步所述。
如在此所述,在动物和人类两者中存在大量证据证明突变表位在诱导免疫应答中是有效的并且自发性肿瘤消退或长期存活的病例与针对突变表位的CD8+ T细胞应答相关(Buckwalter和Srivastava PK."It is the antigen(s),stupid"and other lessonsfrom over a decade of vaccitherapy of human cancer[来自十多年的人类癌症疫苗疗法的“它(们)是抗原,笨蛋”和其他课程].Seminars in immunology[免疫学研讨文辑]20:296-300(2008);Karanikas等人,High frequency of cytolytic T lymphocytesdirected against a tumor-specific mutated antigen detectable with HLAtetramers in the blood of a lung carcinoma patient with long survival[长期存活的肺癌患者的血液中的高频率的针对可用HLA四聚体检测到的肿瘤特异性突变抗原的细胞溶解T淋巴细胞].Cancer Res.[癌症研究]61:3718-3724(2001);Lennerz等人,Theresponse of autologous T cells to a human melanoma is dominated by mutatedneoantigens[自体T细胞对人黑色素瘤的应答受突变新抗原左右].Proc Natl Acad SciUSA.[美国国家科学院院刊]102:16013(2005))并且“免疫编辑(immunoediting)”可以追溯到显性突变抗原在小鼠和人体内的表达的改变(Matsushita等人,Cancer exome analysisreveals a T-cell-dependent mechanism of cancer immunoediting[癌症外显子组分析揭示了癌症免疫编辑的T细胞依赖性机制]Nature[自然]482:400(2012);DuPage等人,Expression of tumor-specific antigens underlies cancer immunoediting[肿瘤特异性抗原的表达是癌症免疫编辑的基础(Expression of tumor-specific antigensunderlies cancer immunoediting]Nature[自然]482:405(2012);和Sampson等人,Immunologic escape after prolonged progression-free survival with epidermalgrowth factor receptor variant III peptide vaccination in patients with newlydiagnosed glioblastoma[在新近诊断成胶质细胞瘤的患者中在长时间无进展存活之后表皮生长因子受体变体III多肽疫苗接种的免疫逃逸]J Clin Oncol.[临床肿瘤学杂志]28:4722-4729(2010))。
测序技术已经揭示到,每个肿瘤都包含多个改变基因的蛋白质编码内容的患者特异性突变。此类突变产生改变的蛋白质,范围从单氨基酸改变(由错义突变引起)到归因于终止密码子的移码、连读或内含子区的翻译的添加长区域的新颖氨基酸序列(新颖开放阅读框突变;新ORF)。这些突变蛋白质对于宿主对肿瘤的免疫应答而言是有价值的靶标,因为不像天然蛋白质,它们不受自身耐受的免疫抑制作用的影响。因此,突变蛋白质更可能具有免疫原性并且与患者的正常细胞相比对肿瘤细胞还更具特异性。
在一个实施例中,该组合物中的新抗原肽一起对多种MHC分子具有亲和力,例如,它们一起覆盖了靶标群体的大比例。对利用哪些具体突变作为免疫原进行有效地选择需要能预测哪些突变肽将有效地与该患者群体中存在的HLA等位基因结合。最近,使用验证的结合与非结合肽的基于神经网络的学习方法已经提升了针对主要HLA-A和-B等位基因的预测算法的准确度。利用最近改进的用于预测哪些错义突变产生至同源MHC分子的强结合肽的算法,可以鉴定并优先化一组代表患者群体的最佳突变表位(新ORF和错译两者)的肽(Zhang等人,Machine learning competition in immunology–Prediction of HLA classI binding peptides[免疫学中的机器学习竞争–HLA I类结合肽的预测]J ImmunolMethods[免疫学方法杂志]374:1(2011);Lundegaard等人Prediction of epitopes usingneural network based methods[使用基于神经网络的方法预测表位]J Immunol Methods[免疫学方法杂志]374:26(2011))。
实际地靶向尽可能多的突变表位利用了免疫系统的巨大能力,阻止了通过具体免疫靶向基因产物的下调而免疫逃逸的机会,并且补偿表位预测方法的已知不准确性。合成肽提供了一种用于有效制备多种免疫原并且将突变型表位的鉴定快速转换为有效的疫苗或免疫原性组合物的特别有用的手段。可以用化学方法容易地合成肽并且利用不含污染菌或动物物质的试剂容易地纯化。小尺寸允许明确侧重于蛋白质的突变区域并且还减少了来自其他组分(未突变蛋白或病毒载体抗原)的无关抗原竞争。
在一个实施例中,药物配制品是长肽的多表位疫苗或免疫原性组合物。此类“长”肽在专职抗原呈递细胞(如树突细胞)中经历有效的内化、加工和交叉呈递,并且已经显示可在人类体内诱导CTL(Melief和van der Burg,Immunotherapy of established(pre)malignant disease by synthetic long peptide vaccines[通过合成的长肽疫苗进行的已形成的(前)恶性疾病的免疫疗法]Nature Rev Cancer[癌症自然评论]8:351(2008))。在一个实施例中,制备至少2种肽用于免疫。在一些实施例中,制备20种或更多种肽用于免疫。在一个实施例中,该新抗原肽长度范围是从约5个至约50个氨基酸。在另一个实施例中,合成长度是从约15个至约35个氨基酸的肽。在优选实施例中,该新抗原肽长度范围是从约20个至约35个氨基酸。
肿瘤特异性新抗原的产生
本发明至少部分地基于为患者的免疫系统提供肿瘤特异性新抗原池的能力。普通技术人员应从本披露和本领域知识认识到存在多种用于产生此类肿瘤特异性新抗原的方式。通常,可以在体外或在体内产生此类肿瘤特异性新抗原。可以在体外将肿瘤特异性新抗原产生为肽或多肽,然后可以将这些肽或多肽配制成瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物并给予受试者。如在此进一步详述的,这样的体外产生可以通过多种本领域的普通技术人员已知的方法发生,如例如合成肽或在多种细菌、真核或病毒重组表达系统中的任一种中由DNA或RNA分子表达肽/多肽,随后纯化表达的肽/多肽。可替代地,可以通过向受试者体内引入编码肿瘤特异性新抗原的分子(例如,DNA、RNA、病毒表达系统等),在该受试者体内表达编码的肿瘤特异性新抗原而在体内产生肿瘤特异性新抗原。在此还进一步将体外和体内的新抗原生产的方法描述为它涉及药物组合物和该疗法的递送方法。
在某些实施例中,本发明包括经修饰的新抗原肽。如在此所用,关于新抗原肽,术语“经修饰的”、“修饰”等是指增强新抗原肽的希望性质的一个或多个变化,其中该变化不改变新抗原肽的一级氨基酸序列。“修饰”包括不改变新抗原肽本身的一级氨基酸序列的共价化学修饰。此类希望的性质包括例如延长体内半衰期,增加稳定性,降低清除率,改变免疫原性或变应原性,使特定抗体、细胞靶向、抗原摄取、抗原加工、MHC亲和力、MHC稳定性或抗原呈递能够提高。可以进行的新抗原肽的变化包括但不限于与载体蛋白缀合、与配体缀合、与抗体缀合、PEG化、聚唾液酸化HES化、重组PEG模拟物、Fc融合、白蛋白融合、纳米粒子附着、纳米微粒包囊、胆固醇融合、铁融合、酰化、酰胺化、糖基化、侧链氧化、磷酸化、生物素化、添加表面活性物质、添加氨基酸模拟物或添加非天然氨基酸。
蛋白质治疗剂的临床有效性常受到短血浆半衰期和对蛋白酶降解易感性的限制。对各种治疗性蛋白质(例如非格司亭)的研究已经表明,可以通过各种修饰来克服此类困难,包括将多肽序列缀合或连接到多种非蛋白质聚合物例如聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇或聚氧化烯中的任一种(参见例如典型地经由与该蛋白质和该非蛋白质聚合物(例如PEG)共价结合的连接部分)。此类PEG-缀合的生物分子已经显示具有临床上有用的性质,包括更好的物理和热稳定性、针对酶促降解易感性的保护、增加的溶解性、更长的体内循环半衰期和降低的清除率、降低的免疫原性和抗原性、以及降低的毒性。
适合与多肽序列缀合的PEG通常在室温下可溶于水,并具有通式R(0-CH2-CH2)nO-R,其中R是氢或保护基团如烷基或烷醇基团,并且其中n是从1至1000的整数。当R是保护基团时,其通常具有从1至8个碳。与多肽序列缀合的PEG可以是直链或支链的。本披露涵盖支链PEG衍生物,“星形-PEG(star-PEG)”和多臂PEG。本披露中使用的PEG的分子量不限于任何特定的范围,但是某些实施例具有500和20,000之间的分子量,而其他实施例具有4,000和10,000之间的分子量。
本披露还涵盖如下的缀合物的组合物,其中PEG具有不同的n值并且因此各种不同的PEG以特定比例存在。例如,一些组合物包括其中n=1、2、3和4的缀合物的混合物。在一些组合物中,其中n=1的缀合物的百分比是18%-25%,其中n=2的缀合物的百分比是50%-66%,其中n=3的缀合物的百分比是12%-16%,并且其中n=4的缀合物的百分比高达5%。此类组合物可以通过本领域已知的反应条件和纯化方法来生产。例如,可以使用阳离子交换色谱来分离缀合物,并且然后鉴定含有缀合物的部分,该缀合物例如具有所希望数目的附接PEG,且是从未经修饰的蛋白质序列(纯化的游离形式)和来自具有其他数目的附接PEG的缀合物纯化出来。
可通过末端反应性基团(“间隔区”)将PEG结合到本披露的多肽。间隔区是例如介导一个或多个多肽序列的游离氨基或羧基基团与聚乙二醇之间的键的末端反应性基团。具有可与游离氨基基团结合的间隔区的PEG包括可通过用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化聚乙二醇的琥珀酸酯制备的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺聚乙二醇。可与游离氨基基团结合的另一种活化聚乙二醇是2,4-双(O-甲氧基聚乙二醇)-6-氯-s-三嗪,其可通过使聚乙二醇单甲醚与氰尿酰氯反应来制备。与游离羧基基团结合的活化聚乙二醇包括聚氧化乙烯二胺。
本披露的一个或多个多肽序列与具有间隔区的PEG的缀合可以通过各种常规方法进行。例如,可以利用从4:1至30:1的摩尔比的试剂与蛋白质,在溶液中,在5至10的pH,从4℃至室温的温度下,进行缀合反应30分钟至20小时。可以选择反应条件以指导反应主要产生希望的取代度。通常,低温、低pH(例如pH=5)和短的反应时间趋于减少附接的PEG的数目,而高温、中至高pH(例如,pH>7)和较长的反应时间趋于增加附接的PEG的数目。本领域已知的各种方法可用于终止该反应。在一些实施例中,通过酸化反应混合物并在例如-20℃下冷冻终止该反应。
本披露还涵盖了使用PEG模拟物。已经开发了重组PEG模拟物,其保留了PEG的属性(例如增强的血清半衰期),同时赋予了几个另外的有利性质。通过举例,能够形成类似于PEG的延伸构象的简单多肽链(包括例如Ala、Glu、Gly、Pro、Ser和Thr)可以重组产生,其已经与感兴趣的肽或蛋白质药物融合(例如,Amunix的XTEN技术;山景城,加利福尼亚州)。这消除了在制造过程中对另外的缀合步骤的需要。另外,建立的分子生物学技术能够控制多肽链的侧链组成,从而允许优化免疫原性和制造性质。
为了本披露的目的,“糖基化”意在广泛地指代将聚糖附接至蛋白质、脂质或其他有机分子的酶促过程。结合本披露使用术语“糖基化”通常旨在意指添加或缺失一个或多个碳水化合物部分(通过去除潜在的糖基化位点或通过用化学和/或酶的手段缺失糖基化),和/或添加天然序列中可能存在或不存在的一个或多个糖基化位点。另外,该短语包括天然蛋白的糖基化中的质变,涉及存在的各碳水化合物部分的性质和比例的变化。糖基化可以显著影响蛋白质的物理性质,并且在蛋白质稳定性、分泌和亚细胞定位中也是重要的。适当的糖基化对生物活性来说可以是至关重要的。实际上,来自真核生物的一些基因在缺乏糖基化蛋白质的细胞过程的细菌(例如大肠杆菌)中表达时,产生由于缺乏糖基化而几乎没有活性或没有活性的蛋白质。
糖基化位点的添加可以通过改变氨基酸序列来完成。例如,可以通过添加一个或多个丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基(对于O-连接糖基化位点)或天冬酰胺残基(对于N-连接糖基化位点)或用其取代来进行对多肽的改变。N-连接寡糖和O-连接寡糖的结构和在每种类型中发现的糖残基可能不同。两者上面普遍发现的一个类型的糖是N-乙酰神经氨酸(以下称为唾液酸)。唾液酸通常是N-连接寡糖和O-连接寡糖的末端残基,并且由于其负电荷,可以赋予糖蛋白酸性性质。本披露的具体实施例包括N-糖基化变体的产生和使用。
本披露的多肽序列可以任选地通过DNA水平的变化来改变,特别是通过使编码该多肽的DNA在预选碱基处突变,这样使得产生将被翻译成为希望氨基酸的密码子。增加该多肽上碳水化合物部分的数目的另一个手段是通过糖苷与该多肽的化学或酶促偶联。
碳水化合物的去除可以通过化学或酶促方式完成,或通过取代编码被糖基化的氨基酸残基的密码子来实现。化学去糖基化技术是已知的,并且可以通过使用多种内切糖苷酶和外切糖苷酶来实现多肽上碳水化合物部分的酶切割。
二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)缺陷型中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞是生产重组糖蛋白的常用宿主细胞。这些细胞不表达酶β-半乳糖苷α-2,6-唾液酸转移酶,并且因此不会在这些细胞中产生的糖蛋白的N-连接寡糖的α-2,6连接中添加唾液酸。
为了改进其稳定性和体内药代动力学,本披露还涵盖了使用聚唾液酸化,肽和蛋白质与天然存在的可生物降解a-(2→8)连接聚唾液酸(“PSA”)的缀合。PSA是可生物降解的无毒天然聚合物,其为高度亲水性的,赋予它在血液中的高表观分子量,这增加它的血清半衰期。另外,一系列肽和蛋白质治疗剂的聚唾液酸化已导致蛋白水解显著减少、体内活性保留和免疫原性和抗原性降低(参见例如G.Gregoriadis等人,Int.J.Pharmaceutics[国际药学期刊]300(1-2):125-30)。与用其他缀合物(例如PEG)进行的修饰一样,用于位点特异性聚唾液酸化的各种技术是可用的(参见例如T.Lindhout等人,PNAS 108(18)7397-7402(2011))。
用于缀合的其他合适的组分和分子包括例如甲状腺球蛋白;白蛋白如人血清白蛋白(HAS);破伤风类毒素;白喉类毒素;聚氨基酸如聚(D-赖氨酸:D-谷氨酸);轮状病毒的VP6多肽;流感病毒血凝素,流感病毒核蛋白;钥孔虫戚血蓝蛋白(KLH);以及乙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白和表面抗原;或前述项的任何组合。
白蛋白与本披露的一种或多种多肽的融合可以例如通过遗传操作来实现,这样使得编码HSA的DNA或其片段与编码该一个或多个多肽序列的DNA连接。此后,合适的宿主可以用融合的核苷酸序列,例如以合适质粒的形式,进行转化或转染,以便表达融合多肽。表达在体外可以从例如原核或真核细胞实现,或在体内从例如转基因生物实现。在本披露的一些实施例中,该融合蛋白的表达是在哺乳动物细胞系例如CHO细胞系中进行。此处宽泛地使用转化来指由外源遗传物质(外源DNA)从其周围直接摄取、并入和表达并通过一个或多个细胞膜摄取所导致的细胞遗传改变。转化天然存在于一些细菌物种中,但在其他细胞中也可以通过人工手段实现。
此外,白蛋白本身可被修饰以延长其循环半衰期。经修饰的白蛋白与一种或多种多肽的融合可以通过上述遗传操作技术或通过化学缀合得到;产生的融合分子的半衰期超过了与未经修饰的白蛋白的融合物的半衰期。(参见WO 2011/051489)。
已经开发了几种白蛋白结合策略作为直接融合的替代方案,包括通过缀合脂肪酸链(酰化)进行白蛋白结合。由于血清白蛋白是脂肪酸的转运蛋白,这些具有白蛋白结合活性的天然配体已被用于小蛋白治疗剂的半衰期延长。例如,地特胰岛素(LEVEMIR)-经批准的用于糖尿病的产品,包括与经遗传修饰的胰岛素缀合的肉豆蔻链,产生长效胰岛素类似物。
另一个类型的修饰是在多肽序列的N-和/或C-端缀合(例如连接)一个或多个另外的组分或分子,如另一种蛋白质(例如具有与主题蛋白质异源的氨基酸序列的蛋白质)或载体分子。因此,示例性的多肽序列可以作为与另一个组分或分子的缀合物提供。
缀合物修饰可导致保留活性的多肽序列,其具有第二分子的额外或互补功能或活性。例如,可以将该多肽序列缀合至一个分子,例如以促进溶解性、储存、体内或保存半衰期或稳定性、免疫原性降低、体内延迟释放或控制释放等。其他功能或活性包括缀合物相对于未缀合的多肽序列降低毒性,缀合物比未缀合的多肽序列更有效地靶向一个类型的细胞或器官,或药物进一步抵抗与在此所述障碍或疾病(例如糖尿病)相关的原因或作用。
多肽也可以缀合到大的代谢缓慢的大分子,如蛋白质;多糖,如交联琼脂糖、琼脂糖、纤维素、纤维素珠;聚合氨基酸,如聚谷氨酸、聚赖氨酸;氨基酸共聚物;灭活病毒粒子;灭活细菌毒素,如来自白喉、破伤风、霍乱、白细胞毒素分子的类毒素;灭活细菌;和树突细胞。
用于缀合的其他候选组分和分子包括适于分离或纯化的那些。具体的非限制性实例包括结合分子,如生物素(生物素-抗生物素蛋白特异性结合对)、抗体、受体、配体、凝集素或包括固体支持物的分子,该固体支持物包括例如塑料或聚苯乙烯珠、板或珠、磁珠、测试条和膜。
纯化方法如阳离子交换色谱可用于通过电荷差异分离缀合物,其有效地将缀合物分离成其各个分子量。例如,阳离子交换柱可以被加载,并且然后用-20mM乙酸钠(pH-4)洗涤,并且然后用线性(0M到0.5M)NaCl梯度(在从约3至5.5的pH(例如pH-4.5)缓冲)洗脱。通过阳离子交换色谱获得的级分的含量可以按分子量使用常规方法来鉴定,所述常规方法为例如质谱、SDS-PAGE或其他已知的按分子量分离分子实体的方法。
在某些实施例中,本披露的多肽序列的氨基或羧基端可以与免疫球蛋白Fc区(例如人Fc)融合以形成融合缀合物(或融合分子)。已经显示Fc融合缀合物增加生物药物的全身半衰期,并且因此该生物药物产品可能不需要那么频繁给予。
Fc与血管内衬的内皮细胞中的新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)结合,并且在结合时,Fc融合分子被保护免于降解并且重新释放到循环中,从而使分子循环更长。这种Fc结合被认为是内源性IgG保留其长的血浆半衰期依据的机制。与传统的Fc-融合缀合物相比,最近的Fc-融合技术将生物药物的单个拷贝连接到抗体的Fc区以优化生物药物的药代动力学和药效动力学性质。
本披露涵盖使用多肽的当前已知或未来开发的其他修饰来改进一个或多个性质。一种用于延长本披露的多肽的循环半衰期、增加稳定性、降低清除率或改变免疫原性或变应原性的此类方法涉及通过hes化修饰多肽序列,其利用与其他分子连接的羟乙基淀粉衍生物来修饰该分子的特征。hes化的各个方面描述于例如美国专利申请号2007/0134197和2006/0258607中。
体外肽/多肽合成
可以通过本领域的普通技术人员已知的任何技术制备蛋白质或肽,包括通过标准分子生物技术表达蛋白质、多肽或肽,从天然来源、体外翻译中分离蛋白质或肽或化学合成蛋白质或肽。先前已经披露了对应于不同基因的核苷酸及蛋白质、多肽和肽的序列,并且可以发现于本领域的普通技术人员已知的计算机化数据库中。一个这样的数据库是设于美国国立卫生研究院的网站的国家生物技术信息中心的Genbank和GenPept数据库。可以使用在此披露的或对本领域的普通技术人员而言应是已知的技术扩增和/或表达已知基因的编码区。可替代地,蛋白质、多肽和肽的各种商业制剂是本领域的普通技术人员已知的。
可以利用不含污染菌或动物物质的试剂用化学方法容易地合成肽(MerrifieldRB:Solid phase peptide synthesis[固相肽合成].I.The synthesis of atetrapeptide[四肽的合成].J.Am.Chem.Soc.[美国化学会志]85:2149-54,1963)。某些实施例中,通过以下步骤制备新抗原肽:(1)使用均匀的合成和切割条件,在多通道仪器上进行平行固相合成;(2)使用柱汽提在RP-HPLC柱上进行纯化;并且重新洗涤,但是在肽之间没有替换;随后是(3)用有限组的信息量最大的测定进行分析。可以围绕针对个体患者的一组肽定义标准生产规范(GMP)足迹,因此在针对不同患者的肽的合成之间,仅要求成套转换程序。
可替代地,一种编码本发明的新抗原肽的核酸(例如,多核苷酸)可以用于在体外产生该新抗原肽。该多核苷酸可以是例如单链和/或双链的DNA、cDNA、PNA、CNA、RNA,或多核苷酸的天然或稳定形式(如例如具有硫代磷酸骨架的多核苷酸)或其组合并且它可以包含或可以不包含内含子,只要它编码该肽即可。在一个实施例中,体外翻译被用于生产肽。存在本领域的普通技术人员可以利用的很多示例性系统(例如Retic裂解物IVT试剂盒,美国生命技术公司(Life Technologies),沃尔瑟姆,马萨诸塞州)。
还制备了能够表达多肽的表达载体。针对不同细胞类型的表达载体在本领域是熟知的并且可以在无需过度实验的情况下加以选择。通常,以恰当的方向以及在正确的用于表达的阅读框内将DNA插入表达载体(如质粒)中。必要时,可以将DNA连接至被希望的宿主(例如,细菌)识别的适当的转录和翻译调节控制核苷酸序列上,尽管此类控制通常在该表达载体中是可获得的。然后,将该载体引入宿主细菌中,用于使用标准技术进行克隆(参见例如,Sambrook等人(1989)Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.[分子克隆实验指南,冷泉港实验室,冷泉港,纽约])。
还考虑了包含分离的多核苷酸的表达载体连同含有表达载体的宿主细胞。可以按编码希望的新抗原肽的RNA或cDNA分子的形式提供新抗原肽。本发明的一种或多种新抗原肽可以由单一表达载体所编码。
术语“编码多肽的多核苷酸”涵盖仅包括针对多肽的编码序列的多核苷酸以及包括另外的编码和/或非编码序列的多核苷酸。多核苷酸可以处于RNA形式或处于DNA形式。DNA包括cDNA、基因组DNA和合成DNA;并且可以是双链的或单链的,并且如果是单链的话,可以是编码链或非编码(反义)链。
在实施例中,这些多核苷酸可以包括针对肿瘤特异性新抗原肽的编码序列,该编码序列与一种多核苷酸融合在相同的阅读框中,该多核苷酸例如辅助由宿主细胞表达和/或分泌多肽(例如,充当用于控制从该细胞中转运多肽的分泌序列的前导子序列)。具有前导子序列的多肽是一种前蛋白质并且该前导子序列可以被宿主细胞切割,以形成该多肽的成熟形式。
在实施例中,这些多核苷酸可以包括针对肿瘤特异性新抗原肽的编码序列,该编码序列与一种标记物序列融合在相同的阅读框中,该标记物序列例如允许纯化编码的多肽,然后可以将该多肽掺入个性化瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物中。例如,在细菌宿主的情况下,该标记物序列可以是一种由pQE-9载体提供的六组氨酸标签,以为纯化融合至该标记物的成熟多肽做准备,或当使用哺乳动物宿主(例如,COS-7细胞)时,该标记物序列可以是一种衍生自流感血球凝集素蛋白的血球凝集素(HA)标签。另外的标签包括但不限于钙调蛋白标签、FLAG标签、Myc标签、S标签、SBP标签、Softag 1、Softag 3、V5标签、Xpress标签、Isopeptag、SpyTag生物素羧基载体蛋白(BCCP)标签、GST标签、荧光蛋白标签(例如,绿色荧光蛋白标签)、麦芽糖结合蛋白标签、Nus标签、Strep-标签、硫氧还蛋白标签、TC标签、Ty标签等。
在实施例中,这些多核苷酸可以包括针对这些肿瘤特异性新抗原肽中的一种或多种的编码序列,该编码序列合在相同阅读框中,以产生能够产生多种新抗原肽的单一多联体化(concatamerized)新抗原肽构建体。
在某些实施例中,可以提供分离的核酸分子,这些核酸分子具有以下核苷酸序列,该核苷酸序列与编码本发明的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽的多核苷酸至少60%一致、至少65%一致、至少70%一致、至少75%一致、至少80%一致、至少85%一致、至少90%一致、至少95%一致或至少96%、97%、98%或99%一致。
所谓具有与参考核苷酸序列至少例如95%“一致(identical)”的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸意指该多核苷酸的核苷酸序列与该参考序列一致,只是在该参考核苷酸序列的每100个核苷酸中,该多核苷酸序列可以包括多达五个点突变。换言之,为了获得具有与参考核苷酸序列至少95%一致的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸,可以将该参考序列中多达5%的核苷酸缺失或用另一种核苷酸取代,或者可以在该参考序列中插入多达该参考序列中的总核苷酸的5%的多个核苷酸。参考序列的这些突变可以发生于参考核苷酸序列的氨基末端位置或羧基末端位置或者那些末端位置之间的任何位置,它们或是单独地散布于参考序列中的核苷酸之间,或是以一个或多个连续组散布于参考序列内。
作为实际问题,可以使用已知的计算机程序常规地确定任何具体核酸分子与参考序列是否至少80%一致、至少85%一致、至少90%一致,并且在一些实施例中,至少95%、96%、97%、98%或99%一致,这些计算机程序是如Bestfit程序(威斯康星序列分析包(Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package),基于Unix的版本8,遗传学计算机组(GeneticsComputer Group),大学研究园(University Research Park),575Science Drive,麦迪逊,威斯康星州53711)。Bestfit使用局部同源性算法(Smith和Waterman,Advances inApplied Mathematics[应用数学进展]2:482-489(1981))来发现两个序列之间的最佳同源性区段。当使用Bestfit或任何其他序列比对程序确定具体序列例如是否与根据本发明的参考序列95%一致时,这样设定这些参数以使得在参考核苷酸序列的全长上计算一致性百分比并且允许多达参考序列中的核苷酸总数的5%的同源性空位。
可以通过本领域已知的任何适合的方法在体外(例如,在实验室中)产生在此描述的分离的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽。此类方法范围从直接蛋白合成方法到构建编码分离的多肽序列的DNA序列并且在适合的转化宿主中表达那些序列。在一些实施例中,使用重组技术通过分离或合成编码感兴趣的野生型蛋白质的DNA序列来构建DNA序列。任选地,可以通过位点特异性诱变来诱变处理该序列,以提供其功能类似物。参见例如,Zoeller等人,Proc.Nat'l.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]81:5662-5066(1984)和美国专利号4,588,585。
在实施例中,使用寡核苷酸合成仪通过化学合成来构建编码感兴趣的多肽的DNA序列。可以基于希望的多肽的氨基酸序列并选择那些在产生感兴趣的重组多肽的宿主细胞中偏好的密码子来设计此类寡核苷酸。标准方法可以用于合成编码感兴趣的分离的多肽的分离的多核苷酸序列。例如,完整的氨基酸序列可以用来构建回译基因。此外,可以合成包含编码具体分离的多肽的核苷酸序列的DNA寡聚体。例如,可以合成若干小的编码希望的多肽的部分的寡核苷酸并且然后将其连接。单独的寡核苷酸典型地包含用于互补组件的5’或3’突出端。
一旦组装(例如,通过合成、定点诱变或另一种方法),编码感兴趣的具体分离的多肽的多核苷酸序列被插入表达载体中并且任选地被可操作地连接至表达控制序列上,该表达控制序列适于在希望的宿主中表达该蛋白质。可以通过核苷酸测序、限制酶作图和生物活性多肽在适合的宿主体内的表达来确认适当的组装。如本领域所熟知的,为了在宿主中获得转染基因的高表达水平,可以将该基因可操作地连接至转录和翻译表达控制序列上,这些序列在所选的表达宿主中具有功能性。
重组表达载体可以用于扩增和表达编码肿瘤特异性新抗原肽的DNA。重组表达载体是可复制的DNA构建体,它们具有编码肿瘤特异性新抗原肽或生物等价类似物的合成或cDNA衍生的DNA片段,这些DNA片段被可操作地连接至适合的转录或翻译调节元件上,这些调节元件源自哺乳动物、微生物、病毒或昆虫基因。转录单位通常包括以下项的集合:(1)在基因表达中具有调节作用的一种或多种遗传元件,例如转录启动子或增强子;(2)被转录成mRNA并被翻译成蛋白质的结构或编码序列;以及(3)适当的转录和翻译起始和终止序列,如在此所详述的。此类调节元件可以包括用于控制转录的操纵子序列。可以另外掺入通常赋予在宿主中进行复制的能力的复制起点以及有助于识别转化体的选择基因。当DNA区域在功能上彼此相关时,将它们可操作地连接。例如,将信号肽(分泌性前导子)的DNA可操作地连接多肽的DNA,如果它被表达为参与多肽的分泌的前体的话;将启动子可操作地连接至编码序列,如果它控制该序列的转录的话;或将核糖体结合位点可操作地连接至编码序列,如果它被定位地允许翻译的话。通常,可操作地连接意指连续的,并且在分泌性前导子的情况下,意指连续的并且在阅读框中。旨在用于在酵母表达系统中使用的结构元件包括前导子序列,它使得宿主细胞可以将翻译的蛋白质分泌到胞外。可替代地,在无需前导子或转运序列表达重组蛋白质的情况下,它可以包括N-末端甲硫氨酸残基。随后,此残基可以任选地被从表达的重组蛋白上切割下来,以提供终产物。
用于真核宿主,尤其是哺乳动物或人类的有用的表达载体包括例如包含来自SV40、牛乳头瘤病毒、腺病毒和巨细胞病毒的表达控制序列的载体。用于细菌宿主的有用的表达载体包括已知的细菌质粒,如来自大肠杆菌的质粒(包括pCR 1、pBR322、pMB9及其衍生物),更宽的宿主范围质粒如M13和丝状单链DNA噬菌体。
用于表达多肽的合适的宿主细胞包括处于适当的启动子的控制下的原核生物、酵母、昆虫或高等真核细胞。原核生物包括革兰氏阴性或革兰氏阳性生物体,例如大肠杆菌或芽孢杆菌。高等真核细胞包括建立的哺乳动物来源的细胞系。还可以利用无细胞翻译系统。用于与细菌、真菌、酵母及哺乳动物细胞宿主一起使用的适当的克隆和表达载体在本领域是熟知的(参见Pouwels等人,Cloning Vectors:A Laboratory Manual,Elsevier,N.Y.,1985[克隆载体:实验室手册,爱思唯尔,纽约,1985])。
还有利地利用各种哺乳动物或昆虫细胞培养系统表达重组蛋白。可以在哺乳动物细胞中表达重组蛋白,因为此类蛋白质通常被正确折叠,适当修饰并且完全具有功能性。合适的哺乳动物宿主细胞的实例包括由Gluzman(Cell[细胞]23:175,1981)描述的COS-7猴肾细胞系,以及能够表达适当的载体的其他细胞系,包括例如L细胞、C127、3T3、中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)、293、HeLa以及BHK细胞系。哺乳动物表达载体可以包括非转录元件(如复制起点)、连接至待表达的基因上的合适的启动子和增强子以及其他5’或3’侧翼非转录序列和5’或3’非翻译序列,如必要的核糖体结合位点、聚腺苷酸化位点、剪接供体和受体位点以及转录终止序列。用于在昆虫细胞中产生异源蛋白质的杆状病毒系统由Luckow和Summers,Bio/Technology[生物/技术]6:47(1988)进行了概述。
可以根据任何合适的方法纯化由转化宿主产生的蛋白质。此类标准方法包括色谱法(例如,离子交换、亲和力和尺寸分级柱色谱法等)、离心、差别溶解度或通过用于蛋白质纯化的任何其他标准技术。亲和标签(如六组氨酸、麦芽糖结合结构域、流感包衣序列、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶等)可以附着至蛋白质上,以允许通过穿过适当的亲和柱而容易地纯化。还可以使用如蛋白水解、核磁共振和X射线晶体学等技术用物理方法表征分离的蛋白质。
例如,可以使用可商购的蛋白质浓缩过滤器(例如,Amicon或Millipore Pellicon超滤装置)首先浓缩来自将重组蛋白分泌进培养基的系统的上清液。浓缩步骤之后,可以将浓缩物施加至适合的纯化基质上。可替代地,可以利用阴离子交换树脂,例如具有悬垂的二乙氨乙基(DEAE)基团的基质或底物。基质可以是丙烯酰胺、琼脂糖、葡聚糖、纤维素或在蛋白质纯化中常用的其他类型。可替代地,可以利用阳离子交换步骤。合适的阳离子交换剂包括包含磺丙基或羧甲基基团的各种不溶性基质。最后,利用疏水性RP-HPLC介质(例如,具有悬垂的甲基或其他脂肪族基团的硅胶)的一个或多个反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)步骤可以用于进一步纯化癌症干细胞蛋白质-Fc组合物。一些或所有前述纯化步骤以不同组合还可以用于提供均质重组蛋白。
可以例如通过最初从细胞沉淀中提取,随后进行一个或多个浓缩、盐析、水性离子交换或尺寸排阻色谱步骤分离在细菌培养物中产生的重组蛋白。高效液相色谱法(HPLC)可以用于最终的纯化步骤。可以通过任何常规方法破坏在表达重组蛋白中利用的微生物细胞,包括冷冻-解冻循环、超声处理、机械破坏或使用细胞裂解剂。
体内肽/多肽合成
本发明还考虑了将核酸分子用作将新抗原肽/多肽以例如DNA/RNA疫苗的形式递送给对其有需要的受试者的运载体(参见例如,WO 2012/159643和WO 2012/159754,通过引用以其全文特此结合)。
在一个实施例中,可以通过使用质粒,将新抗原给予对其有需要的患者。这些是通常由强病毒启动子组成的质粒,以便驱动感兴趣的基因(或互补DNA)的体内转录和翻译(Mor等人,(1995).The Journal of Immunology[免疫学杂志]155(4):2039–204)。有时可以包括内含子A以便改进mRNA稳定性并且因此增加蛋白质表达(Leitner等人,(1997).TheJournal of Immunology[免疫学杂志]159(12):6112–6119)。质粒还包括强多聚腺苷酸化/转录终止信号,例如牛生长激素或兔β-球蛋白多腺苷酸化序列(Alarcon等人,(1999).Adv.Parasitol.Advances in Parasitology[寄生虫学研究进展]42:343–410;Robinson等人(2000)Adv.Virus Res.Advances in Virus Research[病毒研究进展]55:1–74;等人,(1996)Journal ofImmunological Methods[免疫法杂志]193(1):29–40)。有时构建多顺反子载体,以便表达多于一个免疫原,或以便表达免疫原和免疫刺激蛋白(Lewis等人,(1999).Advances in Virus Research(Academic Press)[病毒研究进展,学术出版社]54:129–88)。
因为质粒是从其表达免疫原的“运载体”,用于最大蛋白质表达的优化载体设计是至关重要的(Lewis等人,(1999).Advances in Virus Research(Academic Press)[病毒研究进展,学术出版社]54:129–88)。增强蛋白质表达的一个方式是通过优化针对真核细胞的致病mRNA的密码子使用进行的。另一个考虑是启动子的选择。此类启动子可以是SV40启动子或劳斯肉瘤病毒(RSV)。
可以通过多种不同方法将质粒引入动物组织。两种最普及的途径是使用标准皮下注射针进行盐水中DNA的注射,和基因枪递送。在Scientific American[科学美国人](Weiner等人,(1999)Scientific American[科学美国人]281(1):34–41)中说明了DNA疫苗质粒的构建的概要示意图及其随后通过这两种方法递送进宿主。在盐水中注射通常是在骨骼肌中肌内地(IM)进行的,或皮内地(ID)进行,其中DNA被递送至细胞外间隙。这可以通过用肌肉毒,例如布比卡因;或通过使用盐水或蔗糖的高渗溶液,暂时地损伤肌肉纤维,用电穿孔辅助(Alarcon等人,(1999).Adv.Parasitol.Advances in Parasitology[寄生虫学研究进展]42:343–410)。对这一递送方法的免疫应答可以受很多因素影响,这些因素包括针的类型、针的对准、注射的速度、注射体积、肌肉类型、和正注射的动物的年龄、性别和生理条件(Alarcon等人,(1999).Adv.Parasitol.Advances in Parasitology[寄生虫学研究进展]42:343–410)。
基因枪递送(其他常用递送方法)使用压缩的氦作为促进剂,弹道学地加速已经吸附在金或钨微粒上的质粒DNA(pDNA)进入靶细胞(Alarcon等人,(1999).Adv.Parasitol.Advances in Parasitology[寄生虫学研究进展]42:343–410;Lewis等人,(1999).Advances in Virus Research(Academic Press)[病毒研究进展,学术出版社]54:129–88)。
替代性递送方法可以包括黏膜表面,例如鼻粘膜和肺粘膜上的裸DNA的气溶胶滴注(Lewis等人,(1999).Advances in Virus Research(Academic Press)[病毒研究进展,学术出版社]54:129–88),和将pDNA局部给予至眼和阴道粘膜(Lewis等人,(1999)Advancesin Virus Research(Academic Press)[病毒研究进展,学术出版社]54:129–88)。已经使用了用于口服给予至肠粘膜的正离子脂质体-DNA制剂、生物可降解微球、减毒的志贺氏菌属或李斯特菌属载体,和重组腺病毒载体来实现黏膜表面递送。DNA或RNA也可以在细胞膜轻度机械破坏(暂时透化细胞)后递送到细胞中。膜的此类轻度机械破坏可以通过轻轻迫使细胞通过小孔来完成(Ex Vivo Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Macromolecules toImmune Cells,Sharei et al,PLOS ONE|DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0118803 April 13,2015[将功能大分子活体外胞质递送给免疫细胞,Sharei等人,PLOS ONE|DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0118803 2015年4月13日])。
递送方法决定引起有效免疫应答所需的DNA的剂量。盐水注射要求可变量的DNA,从10μg-1mg,而基因枪递送要求与肌内盐水注射相比100至1000倍更少的DNA以便引起有效免疫应答。通常,要求0.2μg–20μg,虽然已经报道了低至16ng的量。这些量在物种间变化,例如,其中小鼠要求比灵长类大约10倍更少的DNA。盐水注射要求更多DNA,因为DNA被递送至靶组织(通常是肌肉)的细胞外间隙,在靶组织处,在它被细胞摄取之前,它必须克服物理屏障(例如基板和大量的结缔组织,且举几种),而基因枪递送轰击DNA直接进入细胞,导致更少“损耗”(参见例如Sedegah等人,(1994).Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America[美国国家科学院院刊]91(21):9866–9870;Daheshiaet等人,(1997).The Journal of Immunology[免疫学杂志]59(4):1945–1952;Chen等人,(1998).The Journal of Immunology[免疫学杂志]160(5):2425–2432;Sizemore(1995)Science[科学]270(5234):299–302;Fynan等人,(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.[美国国家科学院院刊]90(24):11478–82)。
在一个实施例中,该瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以包括编码例如一种或多种如在根据本发明鉴定的新抗原肽/多肽的单独的DNA质粒。如在此所讨论的,表达载体的确切选择会取决于待表达的肽/多肽,并且完全在普通技术人员的技术之内。预期DNA构建体的预期持久性(例如,在肌细胞中以附加型、非复制、非整合形式)提供增加的保护持续时间。
可以使用基于病毒的系统(例如腺病毒系统、腺相关病毒(AAV)载体、痘病毒、或慢病毒),在体内编码和表达本发明的一种或多种新抗原肽。在一个实施例中,瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以包括用于在对其有需要的人类患者中使用的基于病毒的载体,例如像腺病毒(参见例如,Baden等人,First-in-human evaluation of the safety andimmunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 HIV-1 Env vaccine(IPCAVD 001)[首次在人类中评估重组腺病毒血清型26 HIV-1包膜疫苗(IPCAVD 001)的安全性和免疫原性].J Infect Dis.[传染病杂志]2013年1月15日;207(2):240-7,通过引用以其全文特此结合)。先前已经描述了可以用于腺相关病毒、腺病毒、和慢病毒递送的质粒(参见例如美国专利号6,955,808和6,943,019,以及美国专利申请号20080254008,将其通过引用结合在此)。
还可以通过载体,例如,如在此讨论的核酸分子,例如RNA或DNA质粒、病毒载体,例如痘病毒,例如正痘病毒、禽痘病毒、或腺病毒、AAV或慢病毒,表达本发明的肽和多肽。此方法涉及使用载体来表达编码本发明的肽的核苷酸序列。在引入急性或慢性感染宿主或引入未感染宿主中之后,该载体表达免疫原性肽,并且从而引起宿主CTL应答。
在可以用于本发明的实践的载体中,用逆转录病毒基因转移方法整合进细胞的宿主基因组中是可能的,这通常导致插入的转基因的长期表达。在一个优选实施例中,逆转录病毒是慢病毒。另外,已经在不同细胞类型和靶组织中观察到高转导效率。可以通过掺入外源包膜蛋白,扩展靶细胞的潜在靶群而改变逆转录病毒的向性。还可以将逆转录病毒工程化,以便允许插入的转基因的条件性表达,这样使得某些细胞类型被慢病毒感染。细胞类型特异性启动子可以用于特定细胞类型中的目标表达。慢病毒载体是逆转录病毒载体(并且因此慢病毒载体和逆转录病毒载体二者都可以用于本发明的实践)。此外,慢病毒载体是优选的,因为他们能够转导或感染非分裂细胞并典型地产生高病毒效价。因此,逆转录病毒基因转移系统的选择会依赖于靶组织。逆转录病毒载体由顺式作用长末端重复组成,这些长末端重复具有包装多达6-10kb的外源序列的能力。最低量的顺式作用LTR对于载体的复制和包装而言是足够的,然后使用这些载体将希望的核酸整合进靶细胞中,以提供永久的表达。可以用于本发明的实践的广泛使用的逆转录病毒载体包括基于鼠白血病病毒(MuLV)、长臂猿白血病病毒(GaLV)、猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)及其组合的那些(参见例如,Buchscher等人,(1992)J.Virol.[病毒学杂志]66:2731-2739;Johann等人,(1992)J.Virol.[病毒学杂志]66:1635-1640;Sommnerfelt等人,(1990)Virol.[病毒学]176:58-59;Wilson等人,(1998)J.Virol.[病毒学杂志]63:2374-2378;Miller等人,(1991)J.Virol.[病毒学杂志]65:2220-2224;PCT/US 94/05700)。
在本发明的实践中还有用的是最小非灵长类慢病毒载体,例如基于马传染性贫血病毒的慢病毒载体(参见例如Balagaan.(2006)J Gene Med[基因医学杂志];8:275-285,在2005年11月21日公开在线,在威利出版社期刊全文数据库数据库(Wiley InterScience)(www.interscience.wiley.com)DOI:10.1002/jgm.845)。这些载体可以具有驱动靶基因表达的巨细胞病毒(CMV)启动子。相应地,本发明考虑了在本发明的实践中有用的一个或多个载体:病毒载体,包括逆转录病毒载体和慢病毒载体。
慢病毒载体还披露于帕金森病的治疗中,参见,例如,美国专利公开号20120295960以及美国专利号7303910和7351585。慢病毒载体还已经披露于递送到脑中,参见例如,美国专利公开号US 20110293571;US 20040013648、US 20070025970、US20090111106以及美国专利号US 7259015。在另一个实施例中,使用慢病毒载体将载体递送到正在治疗疾病的受试者的大脑。
关于在实践本发明中有用的慢病毒载体系统,提到美国专利号6428953、6165782、6013516、5994136、6312682、和7,198,784,以及其中引用的文件。
在此处的一个实施例中,该递送是经由慢病毒进行的。Zou等人通过鞘内导管给予约10μl的具有1x109个转导单位(TU)/ml的滴度的重组慢病毒。这些类型的剂量可以被改编或外推,以便在本发明中使用逆转录病毒载体或慢病毒载体。为了在大脑等组织中进行转导,需要使用非常小的体积,因此通过超速离心浓缩该病毒制剂。所得制剂应具有至少108TU/ml,优选108至109TU/ml,更优选至少109TU/ml。可以使用其他浓缩方法,如超滤或与基质结合和从其中洗脱。
在其他实施例中,给予的慢病毒的量可以是1.x.105或约1.x.105个噬菌斑形成单位(PFU)、5.x.105或约5.x.105PFU、1.x.106或约1.x106PFU、5.x.106或约5.x.106PFU、1.x.107或约1.x.107PFU、5.x.107或约5.x.107PFU、1.x.108或约1.x.108PFU、5.x.108或约5.x.108PFU、1.x.109或约1.x.109PFU、5.x.109或约5.x.109PFU、1.x.1010或约1.x.1010PFU或5.x.1010或约5.x.1010PFU作为75kg的一般人的总单剂量,或针对受试者的体重和大小及物种进行调整。本领域技术人员可以确定合适的剂量。病毒的合适剂量可以凭经验确定。
在本发明的实践中还有用的是腺病毒载体。一个优点是,在体外和在体内,在多种哺乳动物细胞和组织中,重组腺病毒有效转移并且表达重组基因,导致转移的核酸的高表达的能力。另外,富有成效地感染休眠细胞,扩展重组腺病毒载体的效用的能力。此外,高表达水平确保了核酸产物将被表达至足够的水平,以便产生免疫应答(参见例如美国专利号7,029,848,将其通过引用结合在此)。
关于在实践本发明中有用的腺病毒载体,提到美国专利号6,955,808。使用的腺病毒载体可以选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:Ad5、Ad35、Ad11、C6、和C7载体。已经公开了腺病毒5(“Ad5”)基因组的序列。(Chroboczek,J.,Bieber,F.,和Jacrot,B.(1992)TheSequence of the Genome of Adenovirus Type 5 and Its Comparison with theGenome of Adenovirus Type 2,Virology[腺病毒类型5的基因组的序列及其与腺病毒类型2的基因组的比较,病毒学]186,280-285;将其内容通过引用结合在此。Ad35载体描述于美国专利号6,974,695、6,913,922、和6,869,794中。Ad11载体描述于美国专利号6,913,922中。C6腺病毒载体描述于美国专利号6,780,407;6,537,594;6,309,647;6,265,189;6,156,567;6,090,393;5,942,235和5,833,975中。C7载体描述于美国专利号6,277,558中。还可以使用地是E1缺陷的或缺失的、E3缺陷的或缺失的、和/或E4缺陷的或缺失的腺病毒载体。在E1区中具有突变的某些腺病毒具有改进的安全限度,因为在非允许细胞中,E1缺陷型腺病毒突变体是复制缺陷型,或最低限度,是高度减毒的。通过破坏该机制,由此腺病毒下调MHCI类分子,在E3区中具有突变的腺病毒可能已经增强了免疫原性。具有E4突变的腺病毒可以具有腺病毒载体的降低的免疫原性,这是因为晚期基因表达的抑制。当重复的再次接种利用相同载体是希望的时,此类载体会是特别有用的。根据本发明,可以使用E1、E3、E4、E1和E3、以及E1和E4缺失或突变的腺病毒载体。此外,根据本发明,还可以使用“无肠(gutless)”腺病毒载体(其中病毒基因全部缺失)。为了其复制,此类载体需要辅助病毒,并且需要表达E1a和Cre二者的特定人类293细胞系,这是在自然环境中并不存在的一种条件。此类“无肠”载体是非免疫原性的,并且因此为了再次接种,这些载体可以被接种多次。“无肠”腺病毒载体可以用于插入异源插入物/基因(例如本发明的转基因),并且甚至可以用于大量异源插入物/基因的共递送。
在本文的一个实施例中,递送是经由腺病毒进行的,其可以是含有至少1x105个腺病毒载体粒子(也称为粒子单位,pu)的单次加强剂量。在本文的一个实施例中,该剂量优选地是该腺病毒载体的至少约1x106个粒子(例如,约1x106-1x1012个粒子),更优选至少约1x107个粒子,更优选至少约1x108个粒子(例如,约1x108-1x1011个粒子或约1x108-1x1012个粒子),并且最优选至少约1x109个粒子(例如,约1x109-1x1010个粒子或约1x109-1x1012个粒子),或者甚至至少约1x1010个粒子(例如,约1x1010-1x1012个粒子)。可替代地,该剂量包含不多于约1x1014个粒子,优选不多于约1x1013个粒子,甚至更优选不多于约1x1012个粒子,甚至更优选不多于约1x1011个粒子,并且最优选不多于约1x1010个粒子(例如,不多于约1x109个粒子)。因此,该剂量可以含有单剂量的腺病毒载体,其具有例如,约1x106粒子单位(pu),约2x106pu、约4x106pu、约1x107pu、约2x107pu、约4x107pu、约1x108pu、约2x108pu、约4x108pu、约1x109pu、约2x109pu、约4x109pu、约1x1010pu、约2x1010pu、约4x1010pu、约1x1011pu、约2x1011pu、约4x1011pu、约1x1012pu、约2x1012pu、或约4x1012pu的腺病毒载体。参见例如,在2013年6月4日授权的授予纳贝尔(Nabel)等人的美国专利号8,454,972B2中的腺病毒载体(通过引用并入本文)以及在其第29栏第36-58行的剂型。在本文的一个实施例中,该腺病毒是经由多剂量递送的。
就体内递送而论,由于低毒性和引起插入诱变的低可能性,AAV优于其他病毒载体,因为它并不整合进宿主基因组。AAV具有4.5或4.75Kb的包装限制。大于4.5或4.75Kb的构建体导致病毒产生的显著降低。存在可以用于驱动核酸分子表达的许多启动子。AAV ITR可以用作一种启动子并且对于消除另外的启动子元件的需要是有利的。对于遍存表达,可以使用以下启动子:CMV、CAG、CBh、PGK、SV40、铁蛋白重链或轻链,等。对于脑表达,可以使用以下启动子:用于所有神经元的突触蛋白I、用于兴奋性神经元的CaMKIIα、用于GABA能神经元的GAD67或GAD65或VGAT,等。用于驱动RNA合成的启动子可以包括:Pol III启动子,例如U6或H1。Pol II启动子和内含子盒可以被用于表达指导RNA(gRNA)。
关于在实践本发明中有用的AAV载体,提到美国专利号658785、7115391、7172893、6953690、6936466、6924128、6893865、6793926、6537540、6475769和6258595,以及其中引用的文件。
关于AAV,AAV可以是AAV1、AAV2、AAV5或任何其组合。可以选择相对于有待被靶向的细胞的AAV;例如,可以选择用于靶向脑或神经元细胞的AAV血清型1、2、5或杂合衣壳AAV1、AAV2、AAV5或其任何组合;并且可以选择用于靶向心脏组织的AAV4。AAV8可用于递送到肝脏。以上启动子和载体是单独优选的。
在本文的一个实施例中,该递送是经由AAV进行的。用于针对人类的AAV的体内递送的治疗有效剂量被认为处于含有从约1x1010到约1x1050个功能AAV/ml溶液的从约20到约50ml的盐水溶液的范围内。该剂量可以调整以便使治疗益处相对于任何副作用的平衡。在本文的一个实施例中,AAV剂量大致处于从约1x105到1x1050个基因组AAV、从约1x108到1x1020个基因组AAV、从约1x1010到约1x1016个基因组、或约1x1011到约1x1016个基因组AAV的浓度范围内。人类剂量可以是约1x1013个基因组AAV。这样的浓度能以从约0.001ml到约100ml、约0.05到约50ml、或约10到约25ml的载体溶液进行递送。在一个优选实施例中,以约2x1013病毒基因组/毫升的滴度使用AAV,并且小鼠的每个纹状体半球接收一次500纳升注射。通过建立剂量反应曲线的常规试验,本领域普通技术人员可以容易地确立其他有效剂量。参见,例如,2013年3月26日授权的授予Hajjar等人的美国专利号8,404,658B2,在第27栏第45-60行。
在另一个实施例中,可以通过在非致病微生物中,表达在疫苗或免疫原性组合物中的相关新抗原,来实现有效激活对新抗原疫苗或免疫原性组合物的细胞免疫应答。此类微生物的熟知实例是牛型结核菌BCG、沙门氏菌属和假单胞菌属(参见美国专利号6,991,797,将其通过引用以其全文结合在此)。
在另一个实施例中,在瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物中使用痘病毒。这些包括正痘病毒、禽痘、牛痘、MVA、NYVAC、金丝雀痘、ALVAC、鸡痘、TROVAC、等(参见例如Verardiet等人,Hum Vaccin Immunother.[人类疫苗和免疫治疗]2012年7月;8(7):961-70;和Moss,Vaccine[疫苗].2013;31(39):4220–4222)。在1982年描述了痘病毒表达载体,并且很快变得广泛用于疫苗开发连同多个领域中的研究。载体的优点包括简单构建、适应大量外源DNA的能力和高表达水平。
关于可以用于实践本发明的痘病毒,例如脊椎动物痘病毒亚科痘病毒(脊椎动物的痘病毒),例如正痘病毒和禽痘病毒,例如牛痘病毒(例如惠氏(Wyeth Strain)株系、WR株系(例如VR-1354)、哥本哈根株系、NYVAC、NYVAC.1、NYVAC.2、MVA、MVA-BN),金丝雀痘病毒(例如惠特利(Wheatley)C93株系、ALVAC),鸡痘病毒(例如FP9株系、韦伯斯特(Webster)株系、TROVAC),鸽痘、鸽痘病毒、鹌鹑痘、和浣熊痘,尤其是其合成的或非天然存在的重组体、其用途、和用于制造和使用此类重组体的方法的信息可以发现于科技和专利文献中,例如:
美国专利号4,603,112、4,769,330、5,110,587、5,174,993、5,364,773、5,762,938、5,494,807、5,766,597、7,767,449、6,780,407、6,537,594、6,265,189、6,214,353、6,130,066、6,004,777、5,990,091、5,942,235、5,833,975、5,766,597、5,756,101、7,045,313、6,780,417、8,470,598、8,372,622、8,268,329、8,268,325、8,236,560、8,163,293、7,964,398、7,964,396、7,964,395、7,939,086、7,923,017、7,897,156、7,892,533、7,628,980、7,459,270、7,445,924、7,384,644、7,335,364、7,189,536、7,097,842、6,913,752、6,761,893、6,682,743、5,770,212、5,766,882、和5,989,562,以及
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每个参考文件都通过引用结合在此。
在另一个实施例中,将牛痘病毒用于瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物,以便表达新抗原。(Rolph等人,Recombinant viruses as vaccines and immunological tools[作为疫苗和免疫学工具的重组病毒].Curr Opin Immunol[免疫学目前视点]9:517-524,1997)。重组牛痘病毒能够在感染的宿主细胞的细胞质内复制,并且因此感兴趣的多肽可以诱导免疫应答。此外,痘病毒已经被广泛用作疫苗或免疫原性组合物载体,这是由于其通过直接感染免疫细胞,具体地是抗原呈递细胞,靶向用于由主要组织相容性复合物I类通路加工的编码的抗原的能力,但是还由于其自身佐剂的能力。
在另一个实施例中,将ALVAC用作瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物中的载体。ALVAC是可以被修饰以便表达外源转基因并且已经用作用于针对原核抗原和真核抗原二者的接种的方法的金丝雀痘病毒(Horig H,Lee DS,Conkright W等人,Phase I clinical trialof a recombinant canarypoxvirus(ALVAC)vaccine expressing humancarcinoembryonic antigen and the B7.1 co-stimulatory molecule[表达人类癌胚抗原和B7.1共刺激分子的重组金丝雀痘病毒(ALVAC)疫苗的I阶段临床试验].CancerImmunol Immunother[癌症免疫学与免疫疗法]2000;49:504–14;von Mehren M,Arlen P,Tsang Ky等人,Pilot study of a dual gene recombinant avipox vaccine containingboth carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and B7.1 transgenes in patients withrecurrent CEA-expressing adenocarcinoma[在患有频发的CEA表达腺癌的患者中,包含癌胚抗原(CEA)和B7.1转基因二者的双基因重组禽痘的试点研究].Clin Cancer Res[临床癌症研究]2000;6:2219–28;Musey L,Ding Y,Elizaga M等人.HIV-1 vaccinationadministered intramuscularly can induce both systemic and mucosal T cellimmunity in HIV-1-uninfected individuals[在HIV-1未感染个体中,肌内地给予HIV-1疫苗可以诱导全身性T细胞和粘膜T细胞免疫力二者].J Immunol[免疫学杂志]2003;171:1094–101;Paoletti E.Applications of pox virus vectors to vaccination:anupdate[痘病毒用来接种的应用:更新].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.[美国国家科学院院刊]1996;93:11349–53;美国专利号7,255,862)。在I阶段临床试验中,在选择的患者中,表达肿瘤抗原CEA的ALVAC病毒示出优异的安全性并且导致增加的CEA特异性T细胞应答;然而,未观察到目标临床反应(Marshall JL,Hawkins MJ,Tsang KY等人Phase I study incancer patients of a replication-defective avipoxrecombinant vaccine thatexpresses human carcinoembryonic antigen.J Clin Oncol[表达人类癌胚抗原复制缺陷型禽痘重组疫苗的癌症患者中的I阶段研究,临床肿瘤学杂志]1999;17:332–7)。
在另一个实施例中,修饰的安卡拉痘苗(MVA)病毒可以用作用于新抗原疫苗或免疫原性组合物的病毒载体。MVA是正痘病毒家族的成员并且已经在牛痘病毒的安卡拉株系的鸡胚成纤维细胞上繁殖了约570个连续传代(对于综述,参见Mayr,A.等人,Infection[感染]3,6-14,1975)。作为这些传代的结果,与CVA相比,所得MVA病毒包含31个千碱基更少的基因组信息,并且是高度宿主细胞限制的(Meyer,H.等人,J.Gen.Virol.[普通病毒学杂志]72,1031-1038,1991)。MVA特征在于其极度衰减,即在于减小的毒力或感染能力,但是仍保持优异的免疫原性。当在多种动物模型中测试时,证明MVA是无毒的,即使是在免疫抑制的个体中。此外,是设计用于治疗HER-2阳性乳癌的候选免疫疗法,并且当前正处于临床试验中。(Mandl等人,Cancer Immunol Immunother.[癌症免疫学与免疫疗法]2012年1月;61(1):19–29)。已经描述了制备和使用重组MVA的方法(例如参见美国专利号8,309,098和5,185,146,将其通过引用以其全文结合在此)。
在另一额实施例中,牛痘病毒的修饰的哥本哈根株系,NYVAC和NYVAC变体被用作载体(参见美国专利号7,255,862;PCT WO 95/30018;美国专利号5,364,773和5,494,807,将其通过引用以其全文结合在此)。
在一个实施例中,将疫苗或免疫原性组合物的重组病毒粒子给予对其有需要的患者。表达的新抗原的剂量范围可以是从数微克至数百微克,例如5至500.mu.g。可以按任何适合的量给予疫苗或免疫原性组合物,以便实现在这些剂量水平的表达。可以按约至少103.5pfu的量将病毒粒子给予对其有需要的患者或转染到细胞中;因此优选地,按至少约104pfu至约106pfu将病毒粒子给予对其有需要的患者或感染或转染到细胞中;然而,可以给予对其有需要的患者至少约108pfu,这样使得对于给予更优选的量可以是至少107pfu至约109pfu。针对NYVAC的剂量适用于ALVAC、MVA、MVA-BN、和禽痘,例如金丝雀痘和鸡痘。
疫苗或免疫原性组合物佐剂
有效的疫苗或免疫原性组合物有利地包括强佐剂来启动免疫应答。如在此所述,聚-ICLC已经示出了用于疫苗或免疫原性组合物佐剂的若干令人希望的特性,聚-ICLC是TLR3和RNA解旋酶–MDA5和RIG3的结构域的激动剂。这些特性包括在体内诱导免疫细胞的局部和全身性激活,产生刺激性趋化因子和细胞因子以及通过DC刺激抗原呈递。此外,聚-ICLC可以在人体内诱导持久的CD4+和CD8+应答。重要的是,在用聚-ICLC接种的受试者体内和在已经接受高效具复制能力的黄热病疫苗的志愿者体内,在转录和信号转导途径的上调中观察到惊人的相似性。此外,在最近的1期研究中,>90%用与NY-ESO-1肽疫苗(除蒙塔尼德之外)组合的聚-ICLC免疫的卵巢癌患者显示出CD4+和CD8+ T细胞的诱导,以及对该肽的抗体应答。同时,迄今已经在超过25个临床试验中广泛地测试了聚-ICLC并且展示出相对良性的毒性特征。除了强大并且特异性免疫原以外,这些新抗原肽可以与佐剂(例如,聚-ICLC)或另一种抗肿瘤剂组合。不受理论束缚,预期这些新抗原绕开中枢胸腺耐受(从而允许较强的抗肿瘤T细胞应答),同时降低自体免疫性的可能(例如,通过避免靶向正常的自身抗原)。有效的免疫应答有利地包括强佐剂来激活免疫系统(Speiser和Romero,Molecularly defined vaccines for cancer immunotherapy,and protective T cellimmunity[用于癌症免疫疗法的分子水平上定义的疫苗,以及保护性T细胞免疫]Seminarsin Immunol[免疫学研讨文辑]22:144(2010))。例如,Toll样受体(TLR)已经作为微生物和病毒病原体“危险信号”的强大传感物,有效地诱导先天免疫系统,并且进而有效地诱导适应性免疫系统(Bhardwaj和Gnjatic,TLR AGONISTS:Are They Good Adjuvants?[TLR激动剂:它们是好的佐剂吗?]Cancer J.[癌症杂志]16:382-391(2010))。在TLR激动剂之中,聚-ICLC(一种合成双链RNA模拟物)是骨髓衍生的树突细胞的最有效激活剂之一。在一项人类志愿者研究中,已经显示聚-ICLC是安全的并且可在外周血细胞中诱导与通过最有效的减毒活病毒疫苗之一黄热病疫苗YF-17D诱导的基因表达谱可比的基因表达谱(Caskey等人,Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces innate immune responses similar to alive viral vaccine in humans J Exp Med[合成双链RNA在人体内诱导与活病毒疫苗类似的先天性免疫应答,实验医学杂志]208:2357(2011))。在一个优选实施例中,(一种由Oncovir公司制备的聚-ICLC的GMP制剂)被用作佐剂。在其他实施例中,设想了在此描述的其他佐剂。例如,水包油的、油包水的或多相的W/O/W;参见例如US 7,608,279和Aucouturier等人,Vaccine[疫苗]19(2001),2666-2672,以及在此引用的文件。
适应症
可以用这一文件的疗法治疗的癌症和癌症病症的实例包括但不限于已经诊断为患有癌症、或处于发展癌症的风险的对其有需要的患者。受试者可以患有实体瘤,例如乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、肾癌、胃癌、结肠癌、睾丸癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、黑色素瘤、和组织器官的其他肿瘤以及血液肿瘤,例如淋巴瘤和白血病,包括急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、T细胞淋巴细胞性白血病、和B细胞淋巴瘤,脑和中枢神经系统的肿瘤(例如脑膜、脑、脊髓、脑神经和CNS的其他部分的肿瘤,例如恶性胶质瘤或成神经管细胞瘤);头和/或颈癌、乳腺肿瘤、循环系统(例如心脏、纵隔膜和胸膜、以及其他胸内器官、血管肿瘤、和肿瘤相关血管组织)的肿瘤;血液和淋巴系统的肿瘤(例如何杰金氏病、非何杰金氏病淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤、S相关性淋巴瘤、恶性免疫增殖性疾病、多发性骨髓瘤、和恶性浆细胞肿瘤、淋巴样白血病、髓细胞性白血病、急性或慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、单核细胞性白血病、特定细胞类型的其他白血病、未指定细胞类型的白血病,淋巴的、造血的和相关的组织的未指定的恶性肿瘤,例如弥漫性大细胞淋巴瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤或皮肤的T细胞淋巴瘤);排泄系统(例如肾、肾盂、输尿管、膀胱、和其他泌尿器官)的肿瘤;胃肠道(例如食道、胃、小肠、结肠、结直肠的、直肠乙状结肠结合部、直肠、肛门、和肛管)的肿瘤;涉及肝脏和肝内胆管、胆囊、和胆道的其他部分、胰脏、以及其他消化器的肿瘤;口腔(例如唇、舌、牙龈、口底、腭、腮腺、唾液腺、扁桃体、口咽、鼻咽、梨状窦、咽下部、和口腔的其他部位)的肿瘤;生殖系统(例如阴门、阴道、子宫颈、子宫、卵巢、和与雌性生殖器相关的其他部位,胎盘、阴茎、前列腺、睾丸、和与雄性生殖器相关的其他部位)的肿瘤;呼吸道(例如鼻腔、中耳、副鼻窦、喉、气管、支气管和肺,例如小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌)的肿瘤;骨骼系统(例如四肢的骨和关节软骨、骨关节软骨和其他部位)的肿瘤;皮肤的肿瘤(例如皮肤的恶性黑色素瘤、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、皮肤的基底细胞癌、皮肤的鳞状细胞癌、间皮瘤、卡波氏肉瘤);以及涉及其他组织的肿瘤,其他组织包括末梢神经和自主神经系统、结缔组织和软组织、腹膜后腔和腹膜、眼睛、甲状腺、肾上腺、和其他内分泌腺,和相关结构,淋巴结的继发性的和未指定的恶性肿瘤,呼吸和消化系统的继发性恶性肿瘤,以及其他部位的继发性恶性肿瘤。因此,在此描述的受试者群体可能患有以上癌症类型之一。在其他实施例中,该受试者群体可以是患有实体瘤的所有受试者或患有液体瘤的所有受试者。
具有特别意义的是对非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(NHL)、透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)、转移性黑色素瘤、肉瘤、白血病,或膀胱癌、结肠癌、脑癌、乳癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌的治疗。在某些实施例中,黑色素瘤是高危黑色素瘤。
在其他事项中,可以使用在此描述的疗法治疗的癌症可以包括对用其他化学治疗剂治疗是难治的病例。如在此使用,术语“难治的”是指在用另一种化学治疗剂治疗以后,示出没有或仅有弱的抗增殖反应(例如,肿瘤生长的没有或仅有弱的抑制)的癌症(和/或其转移)。这些是用其他化学治疗剂不能令人满意地治疗的癌症。难治的癌症涵盖不仅(i)在患者的治疗期间,其中一种或多种化学治疗剂已经失败的癌症,而且(ii)可以示出通过其他手段,例如在化学治疗剂存在下的活组织检查培养,是难治的癌症。
在此描述的疗法还适用于治疗先前未治疗的对其有需要的患者。
在受试者未患有可检测的瘤形成但是处于疾病复发的高风险的情况下,在此描述的疗法也是适用的。
还具有特殊兴趣的是,治疗已经历自身造血干细胞移植(AHSCT)的对其有需要的患者,并且具体地,是在经历AHSCT后,证明有残余疾病的患者。AHSCT后背景特征在于低量的残余疾病,免疫细胞输注至自我平衡的扩张的情况,并且不存在任何标准复发延迟治疗。对于使用要求保护的瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物来延迟疾病复发,这些特征提供了极难得的机会。
药物组合物/递送方法
本发明还针对以下药物组合物,这些药物组合物包含任选地与药学上可接受的的载体、赋形剂或添加剂组合的有效量的一种或多种在此描述的新抗原肽(包括其药学上可接受的盐)。
当作为组合给予时,治疗剂(即新抗原肽)可以被配制成分开的组合物,它们被同时或在不同时间给药,或者这些治疗剂可以作为单一组合物给药。
这些组合物可以被每天给予一次、每天给予两次、每两天给予一次、每三天给予一次、每四天给予一次、每五天给予一次、每六天给予一次、每七天给予一次、每两周给予一次、每三周给予一次、每四周给予一次、每两个月给予一次、每六个月给予一次或每年给予一次。可以根据个体患者的需要来调整给药间隔。对于较长间隔的给药,可以使用延长释放或长效配制品。
本发明的组合物可以用来治疗急性的疾病和疾病病症,并且也可以用于治疗慢性病症。具体地,本发明的组合物可以在用来治疗或预防瘤形成的方法中使用。在某些实施例中,给予本发明的化合物持续超过两周、三周、一个月、两个月、三个月、四个月、五个月、六个月、一年、两年、三年、四年、或五年、十年或十五年的时间段;或例如,以天、月或年计的任何时间段范围,其中该范围的下限是14天与15年之间的任何时间段并且该范围的上限在15天与20年之间(例如,4周与15年之间,6个月与20年之间)。在一些情况下,可以有利的是在患者的余生中给予本发明的化合物。在优选实施例中,监测该患者,以检查疾病或障碍的进展,并且据此调整剂量。在优选实施例中,根据本发明的治疗有效地持续至少两周、三周、一个月、两个月、三个月、四个月、五个月、六个月、一年、两年、三年、四年、或五年、十年、十五年、二十年或持续受试者的余生。
手术切除使用外科手术来去除癌症中的异常组织,例如纵隔的、神经原的、或生殖细胞的肿瘤、或胸腺瘤。在某些实施例中,在肿瘤切除后开始给予该组合物。在其他实施例中,在肿瘤切除后1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或更多周,启动瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物的给予。优选地,在肿瘤切除后4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12周,启动瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物的给予。
初免/加强方案是指疫苗或免疫原性的或免疫学的组合物的连续给予。在某些实施例中,瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物的给予是在初免/加强剂量方案中,例如在第1、2、3或4周给予瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物作为初免,并且在第2、3或4个月给予瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物作为加强。在另一个实施例中,将异源初免策略用于引起更大细胞毒性T细胞应答(参见Schneider等人,,Induction of CD8+ T cells using heterologousprime-boost immunisation strategies,Immunological Reviews Volume 170,Issue 1,pages 29–38,August 1999[使用异源初免-加强免疫策略的CD8+ T细胞的诱导,免疫学综述,卷170,1期,29–38页,1999年8月])。在另一个实施例中,将编码新抗原的DNA用于初免,随后是蛋白加强。在另一个实施例中,将蛋白用于初免,随后是用编码新抗原的病毒进行加强。在另一个实施例中,将编码新抗原的病毒用于初免,并且将另一种病毒用于加强。在另一个实施例中,将蛋白用于初免,并且将DNA用于加强。在一个优选实施例中,将DNA疫苗或免疫原性组合物用于初免T细胞应答,并且将重组病毒疫苗或免疫原性组合物用于加强该应答。在另一个优选实施例中,将病毒疫苗或免疫原性组合物与用来充当用于蛋白或DNA疫苗或免疫原性组合物的佐剂的蛋白或DNA疫苗或免疫原性组合物共同给予。然后可以用病毒疫苗或免疫原性组合物、蛋白、或DNA疫苗或免疫原性组合物来加强该患者(参见Hutchings等人,Combination of protein and viral vaccines induces potentcellular and humoral immune responses and enhanced protection from murinemalaria challenge.Infect Immun.2007 Dec[蛋白和病毒疫苗的组合诱导有效的细胞的和体液的免疫应答并且增强对鼠疟疾激发的保护,感染与免疫2007年12月];75(12):5819-26.2007年10月1日电子出版)。
可以根据药剂学的常规方法加工药物组合物,以产生用于向对其有需要的患者(包括人类和其他哺乳动物)给予的药剂。
新抗原肽的修饰可以影响肽的溶解性、生物利用度和代谢率,从而对这些活性种类的递送提供控制。可以根据完全位于本领域常规从业者的技术内的已知方法制备新抗原肽并进行测试而对溶解性进行评估。
在该药物组合物的某些实施例中,该药学上可接受的载体包括水。在某些实施例中,该药学上可接受的载体进一步包括右旋糖。在某些实施例中,该药学上可接受的载体进一步包括二甲亚砜。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物进一步包括免疫调节剂或佐剂。在某些实施例中,该免疫调节剂或佐剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚-ICLC、STING激动剂、1018ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CpG7909、CyaA、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、咪喹莫特、ImuFact IMP321、IS Patch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、Juvlmmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、蒙塔尼德(Montanide)IMS 1312、蒙塔尼德ISA 206、蒙塔尼德ISA 50V、蒙塔尼德ISA-51、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ONTAK、PEPTEL、载体系统、PLGA微粒子、瑞喹莫德、SRL172、病毒体和其他病毒样粒子、YF-17D、VEGF陷阱、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys和阿奎拉QS21刺激子(Aquila's QS21stimulon)。在某些实施例中,该免疫调节剂或佐剂包括聚-ICLC。
咕吨酮衍生物(如例如,Vadimezan或AsA404(亦称5,6-二甲基咕吨酮-4-乙酸(DMXAA)))也可以用作根据本发明的实施例的佐剂。可替代地,此类衍生物还可以例如经由全身性或瘤内递送与本发明的疫苗或免疫原性组合物平行给予,以刺激肿瘤部位处的免疫。不受理论束缚,据信此类咕吨酮衍生物经由IFN基因刺激因子(ISTING)受体通过刺激干扰素(IFN)而起作用(参见例如,Conlon等人(2013)Conlon et al.(2013)Mouse,but notHuman STING,Binds and Signals in Response to the Vascular Disrupting Agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-Acetic Acid,Journal of Immunology[小鼠而非人类STING响应于血管阻断剂5,6-二甲基咕吨酮-4-乙酸而结合并进行信号转导,免疫学杂志],190:5216-25以及Kim等人(2013)Anticancer Flavonoids are Mouse-Selective STINGAgonists[抗癌黄酮类化合物是小鼠选择性STING激动剂],8:1396-1401)。
该疫苗或免疫学组合物还可以包括选自丙烯酸的或甲基丙烯酸的聚合物和马来酸酐和烯基衍生物的共聚物的佐剂化合物。具体地说,它是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与糖或多元醇的聚烯基醚交联的聚合物(卡波姆),具体地说是与烯丙基蔗糖或与烯丙基季戊四醇交联。例如,它还可以是马来酸酐和乙烯与二乙烯醚交联的共聚物(参见美国专利号6,713,068,将其通过引用以其全文结合在此)。
在某些实施例中,pH改变剂可以稳定如在此描述的佐剂或免疫调节剂。
在某些实施例中,药物组合物包括:一至五种肽、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、右旋糖、水、琥珀酸盐、聚I:聚C、聚左旋赖氨酸、羧甲基纤维素、和氯化物。在某些实施例中,该一至五种肽中的每一种以300μg/ml的浓度存在。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括按体积计≤3%DMSO。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括3.6–3.7%右旋糖水溶液。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括3.6–3.7mM琥珀酸盐(例如,如琥珀酸钠)或其盐。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括0.5mg/ml聚I:聚C。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括0.375mg/ml聚左旋赖氨酸。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括1.25mg/ml羧甲基纤维素钠。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物包括0.225%氯化钠。
药物组合物包括任选地与药学上可接受的添加剂、载体和/或赋形剂组合的处于治疗已经在此描述的疾病和病症(例如,瘤形成/肿瘤)的治疗有效量的在此描述的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽。本领域的普通技术人员应从本披露和本领域知识认识到,根据本发明的一种或多种化合物的治疗有效量可以随待治疗的病症、其严重性,待利用的治疗方案、所使用的试剂的药代动力学以及所治疗的患者(动物或人)而变化。
为了制备根据本发明的药物组合物,优选地根据常规药物配合技术将治疗有效量的一种或多种根据本发明的化合物与药学上可接受的载体密切混合以产生一种剂量。载体可以采取多种多样的形式,取决于希望给予(例如,经眼、口服、局部或胃肠外)的制剂形式,在众多其他形式之间包括凝胶、乳膏、软膏、洗剂以及延时释放可植入制剂。在以口服剂型制备药物组合物中,可以使用一般的药物介质中的任一种。因此,对于液体口服制剂(如悬浮液、酏剂和溶液),可以使用适合的载体和添加剂,包括水、甘油、油类、醇类、调味剂、防腐剂、着色剂等。对于固体口服制剂(如粉剂、片剂、胶囊剂)以及对于固体制剂(如栓剂),可以使用适合的载体和添加剂,包括淀粉、糖载体(如葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖)和相关载体、稀释剂、造粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。希望的话,片剂或胶囊剂可以通过标准技术被肠溶包衣或缓释。
活性化合物以足以向患者递送用于希望的适应症的治疗有效量而不在所治疗的患者体内引起严重毒性作用的量被包括在药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂中。
口服的组合物通常包括一种惰性稀释剂或一种可食用的载体。它们可以被封装在明胶胶囊中或被压成片剂。出于口服治疗性给予的目的,可以将活性化合物或其前药衍生物随赋形剂一起掺入并且以片剂、锭剂或胶囊剂的形式使用。可以包括药学上相容的粘合剂和/或佐剂材料作为组合物的一部分。
片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、锭剂等可以包含以下成分或具有类似性质的化合物中的任一种:粘合剂,如微晶纤维素、黄芪胶或明胶;赋形剂,如淀粉或乳糖;分散剂,如海藻酸或玉米淀粉;润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁;助流剂,如胶体二氧化硅;甜味剂,如蔗糖或糖精;或调味剂,如薄荷、水杨酸甲酯或橙味调味品。当该单位剂型是胶囊剂时,除在此讨论的材料之外,它还可以含有液体载体如脂肪油。另外,单位剂型可以包含修饰剂量单位的物理形式的多种其他材料,例如糖、虫胶或肠溶剂的包衣。
适于口服给予的本发明的配制品能以离散单位形式呈现,如各自含有预定量的活性成分的胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂;以粉剂或颗粒剂呈现;以水性液体或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液呈现;或以水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂呈现以及以大丸剂呈现等。
片剂可以通过任选地与一种或多种辅助成分压制或模制而制备。压制型片剂可以通过在合适的机器中压制自由流动形式(如粉末或颗粒)的活性成分来制备,任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合。模制型片剂可以通过在适合的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状化合物的混合物而制备。片剂任选地可以被包衣或刻痕,并且可以配制以便提供缓慢或控制释放其中的活性成分。
配制药物活性成分的此类缓慢或控制释放组合物的方法在本领域是已知的并且描述于若干公布的美国专利中,其中的一些包括但不限于美国专利号3,870,790;4,226,859;4,369,172;4,842,866以及5,705,190,将其披露以其全文通过引用结合在此。包衣可以用于将化合物递送至肠(参见例如,美国专利号6,638,534、5,541,171、5,217,720和6,569,457,以及其中引用的参考文献)。
活性化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以作为酏剂、悬浮液、糖浆剂、薄片(wafer)、口香糖等的组分给予。除活性化合物之外,糖浆剂还可以包含蔗糖或果糖作为甜味剂以及某些防腐剂、染料及着色剂和调味剂。
用于经眼、胃肠外、皮内、皮下或局部应用的溶液或悬浮液可以包括以下组分:无菌稀释剂,如注射用水、盐水溶液、非挥发油、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇或其他合成溶剂;抗菌剂,如苯甲醇或对羟基苯甲酸甲酯;抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸或亚硫酸氢钠;螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸;缓冲剂例如乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐或磷酸盐;和用于调节张力的活性剂例如氯化钠或葡萄糖。
在某些实施例中,药学上可接受的载体是水性溶剂,即包含水的溶剂,任选地具有另外的助溶剂。示例性药学上可接受的载体包括水、水中的缓冲溶液(例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、和5%右旋糖水溶液(D5W)。在某些实施例中,水性溶剂进一步包括二甲亚砜(DMSO),例如以约1-4%、或1-3%的量。在某些实施例中,药学上可接受的载体是等渗的(即,具有与体液,例如血浆基本上相同的渗透压力)。
在一个实施例中,将这些活性化合物与保护这些化合物免于从体内快速消除的载体一起制备,如控制释放配制品,包括植入物和微囊化的递送系统。可以使用可生物降解的生物相容的聚合物,如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酐类、聚乙醇酸、胶原、聚原酸酯类、聚乳酸以及聚乳酸-共-乙醇酸(PLGA)。鉴于本披露和本领域知识,用于制备此类配制品的方法是在技术人员的范围内。
技术人员应从本披露和本领域知识认识到,除片剂之外,还可以配制其他剂型,以提供缓慢或控制释放的活性成分。此类剂型包括但不限于胶囊剂、颗粒剂和软胶囊(gel-cap)。
脂质体悬浮液也可以作为药学上可接受的载体。这些可以根据本领域的普通技术人员已知的方法制备。例如,可以通过将一种或多种适当的脂质溶解在无机溶剂中,然后蒸发该溶剂,从而在容器的表面上留下干燥脂质的薄膜而制备脂质体配制品。然后可以向容器中引入活性化合物的水溶液。然后用手旋动容器,以将脂质材料从容器的侧面释放并且以分散脂质聚集体,从而形成脂质体悬浮液。普通技术人员熟知的其他制备方法也可以在本发明的此方面中使用。
这些配制品可以便利地以单位剂型呈现并且可以通过常规制药技术制备。此类技术包括使活性成分与一种或多种药物载体或赋形剂结合的步骤。通常,通过使活性成分与液体载体或精细分散的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地结合,并且然后,必要的话,使产品成形,以制备配制品。
适于在口中局部给予的配制品和组合物包括在调味基质(通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶)中包含这些成分的糖锭剂;在惰性基质(如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)中包含活性成分的软锭剂;以及在适合的液体载体中包含待给予的成分的漱口剂。
适于局部给予至皮肤的配制品可以作为在药学上可接受的载体中包含待给予的成分的软膏、乳膏、凝胶和糊剂呈现。优选的局部递送系统是含有待给予的成分的经皮贴剂。
用于直肠给药的配制品可以作为具有适合的基质(包括例如,可可脂或水杨酸酯)的栓剂呈现。
适于鼻腔给药的配制品(其中载体是一种固体)包括具有例如处于20至500微米范围内的粒度的粗粉,该粗粉以给予嗅剂(即,通过快速吸入)的方式从保持靠近鼻子的粉末容器通过鼻通道而给药。适于例如作为喷鼻剂或作为滴鼻剂而给予的适合的配制品(其中载体是一种液体)包括活性成分的水性或油性溶液。
适于阴道给药的配制品可以作为阴道栓剂、卫生棉条、乳膏、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾配制品呈现,其除了活性成分之外还含有例如本领域已知的适当的载体。
胃肠外制剂可以被封装在由玻璃或塑料制成的安瓿、一次性注射器或多剂量小瓶中。如果静脉内给予,优选的载体包括例如生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)。
对于胃肠外配制品,载体通常包括无菌水或氯化钠水溶液,但还可以包括其他成分,这些成分包括协助分散的那些。当然,当要使用无菌水并保持为无菌时,这些组合物和载体也被灭菌。还可以制备可注射悬浮液,在此情况下,可以利用适当的液体载体、悬浮剂等。
适于胃肠外给药的配制品包括水性和非水性无菌注射液,它们可以包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和使配制品与预期的受者的血液等渗的溶质;以及水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,它们可以包括悬浮剂和增稠剂。可以使配制品呈现于单位剂量或多剂量容器(例如密封安瓿和小瓶)中,并且可以在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下储存,仅需要在使用之前即刻添加无菌液体载体(例如注射用水)。临时注射溶液和悬浮液可以由前述种类的无菌粉剂、颗粒剂和片剂制备。
活性化合物的给予范围可以从连续的(静脉滴注)至每天若干口服给药(例如,Q.I.D.),并且在其他给药途径之中可以包括口服、局部、眼睛或经眼、胃肠外、肌内、静脉内、皮下、经皮(它可以包括渗透增强剂)、经颊和栓剂给予,包括通过眼睛或经眼途径。
可以通过注射、口服、胃肠外、通过吸入喷雾、经直肠、经阴道或局部地在包含常规的药学上可接受的载体、佐剂和运载体的单位剂型配制品中给予瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物以及任何另外的药剂。如在此所使用的术语胃肠外包括进入一个或多个淋巴结、皮下的、静脉内的、肌内的、胸骨内的、输注技术、腹膜内地、眼睛或经眼的、玻璃体内的、颊内的、经皮的、鼻内的、进入脑(包括颅内的和硬膜内的)、进入关节(包括脚踝、膝盖、臀部、肩、肘、腕)、直接进入肿瘤等,以及处于栓剂形式。
在某些实施例中,静脉内或皮下给予疫苗或免疫原性组合物。各种技术可以用于在感兴趣的部位提供主题组合物,如注射、使用导管、套管针、抛射体(projectile)、普朗尼克(pluronic)凝胶、支架、缓释药物释放聚合物或提供用于内部进入的其他装置。当由于从患者体内切除而可以得到一个器官或组织时,可以将这样的器官或组织浸泡在包含主题组合物的培养基中,可以将主题组合物涂在该器官上,或可以按任何便利的方式来应用。
可以通过以下装置给予肿瘤特异性新抗原肽,该装置适于以有效获得希望的局部或全身性生理或药理作用的方式控制释放且持续释放组合物。该方法包括将缓释药物递送系统放置在希望释放药剂的区域并且允许该药剂穿过该装置到达希望的治疗区域。
可以将这些肿瘤特异性新抗原肽与至少一种已知的其他治疗剂或所述药剂的药学上可接受的盐组合利用。可以用于联合疗法的已知治疗剂的实例包括但不限于皮质类固醇(例如,可的松、泼尼松、地塞米松),非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS)(例如,布洛芬、塞来昔布、阿司匹林、吲哚美辛、萘普生),烷基化剂(如白消安、顺铂、丝裂霉素C及卡铂);抗有丝分裂剂,如秋水仙碱、长春碱、紫杉醇及多西他赛;拓扑异构酶I抑制剂,如喜树碱和托泊替康;拓扑异构酶II抑制剂,如多柔比星和依托泊苷;和/或RNA/DNA抗代谢物,如5-氮杂胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶和甲氨蝶呤;DNA抗代谢物,如5-氟-2′-脱氧-尿苷、阿糖胞苷、羟基脲及硫鸟嘌呤;抗体,例如赫塞汀(HERCEPTIN)和瑞图宣(RITUXAN)。
应当理解的是,关于正在讨论的配制品的类型,除在此具体提及的成分之外,本发明的配制品还可以包括在本领域中常规的其他试剂,例如,适于口服给药的那些还可以包括调味剂。
药学上可接受的盐形式可以是用于包含在根据本发明的药物组合物中的根据本发明的化合物的优选化学形式。
本发明化合物或其衍生物(包括这些药剂的前药形式)可以按药学上可接受的盐形式提供。如在此所使用的,术语药学上可接受的盐或复合物是指保留本发明化合物的希望的生物活性并且对正常细胞展示出有限的毒理学作用的根据本发明的活性化合物的适当的盐或复合物。此类盐的非限制性实例是(a)与无机酸(例如,盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸等)形成的酸加成盐,和与有机酸形成的盐,这些有机酸尤其是如乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、鞣酸、扑酸、海藻酸及聚谷氨酸;(b)与金属阳离子形成的碱加成盐,在众多其他阳离子之间这些金属阳离子是如锌、钙、钠、钾等。
在此的化合物是可商购的或可以合成。如本领域技术人员可理解的,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言合成具有在此的化学式的化合物的另外的方法是明显的。另外,各种合成步骤可以按交替顺序或次序进行,以得到希望的化合物。在合成在此描述的化合物中有用的合成化学转化和保护基团方法论(保护和脱保护)在本领域是已知的并且包括例如如描述于以下文献中的那些:R.Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,2nd.[综合有机转化,第2版]编辑Wiley-VCH Publishers[威利-VCH出版商](1999);T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,3rd.[有机合成中的保护基团,第3版]版,约翰·威利父子公司(John Wiley and Sons)(1999);L.Fieser和M.Fieser,Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1999)[用于有机合成的双菲泽试剂,约翰·威利父子公司(1999)];以及L.Paquette编辑,Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons[有机合成试剂百科全书,约翰·威利父子公司](1995),及其后续版本。
可以与本发明的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽一起被包括的另外的试剂可以包含一个或多个不对称中心并且因此作为外消旋体和外消旋混合物、单一对映异构体、单独非对映异构体及非对映异构体混合物而出现。这些化合物的所有这些异构体形式被明确包括在本发明中。本发明的化合物还可以被表示为多种互变异构形式,在此类情况下,本发明明确包括在此描述的化合物的所有互变异构形式(例如,环系统的烷基化可以导致多个位点的烷基化,本发明明确包括所有此类反应产物)。此类化合物的所有此类异构体形式被明确包括在本发明中。在此描述的化合物的所有晶形被明确包括在本发明中。
剂量
当将在此描述的这些药剂作为药物给予人类或动物时,可以将它们以其本身给予或作为包含与药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂组合的活性成分的组合物给予。
本发明的药物组合物中的活性成分的给予的实际剂量水平和时程可以变化,以便获得以下量的活性成分,该量对于具体患者、组合物和给药方式而言可有效地达到希望的治疗应答,而对该患者没有毒性。通常,以足以减少或消除与瘤形成(例如癌症或肿瘤)相关的症状的量给予本发明的药剂或药物组合物。
药剂的优选剂量是患者可承受的并且不产生严重或不可接受的副作用的最大量。示例性剂量范围包括0.01mg至250mg/天、0.01mg至100mg/天、1mg至100mg/天、10mg至100mg/天、1mg至10mg/天以及0.01mg至10mg/天。药剂的优选剂量是患者可承受的并且不产生严重或不可接受的副作用的最大量。在实施例中,以约10微克至约100mg/千克体重/天、约0.1至约10mg/kg/天或约1.0mg至约10mg/kg体重/天的浓度给予该药剂。
在实施例中,该药物组合物包括量的范围在1与10mg之间(如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10mg)的药剂。
在实施例中,治疗有效剂量产生从约0.1ng/ml至约50-100mg/ml的药剂血清浓度。这些药物组合物5典型地应该提供从约0.001mg至约2000mg的化合物/千克体重/天的剂量。例如,用于全身性给予人类患者的剂量的范围可以是1-10mg/kg、20-80mg/kg、5-50mg/kg、75-150mg/kg、100-500mg/kg、250-750mg/kg、500-1000mg/kg、1-10mg/kg、5-50mg/kg、25-75mg/kg、50-100mg/kg、100-250mg/kg、50-100mg/kg、250-500mg/kg、500-750mg/kg、750-1000mg/kg、1000-1500mg/kg、101500-2000mg/kg、5mg/kg、20mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg、500mg/kg、1000mg/kg、1500mg/kg、或2000mg/kg。制备药用单位剂型以提供每单位剂型从约1mg至约5000mg(例如从约100mg至约2500mg)的化合物或必要成分的组合。
在实施例中,向受试者给予约50nM至约1μM的药剂。在相关实施例中,向受试者给予约50-100nM、50-250nM、100-500nM、250-500nM、250-750nM、500-750nM、500nM至1μM、或750nM至1μM的药剂。
有效量的确定是完全在本领域的普通技术人员的能力之内,尤其是根据于此提供的具体披露。通常,通过以下方式确定药剂的有功效量或有效量:首先给予低剂量的这种或这些药剂并且然后递增地增加给予的剂量或剂量值直到在具有最少的或可接受的有毒副作用的情况下在所治疗的受试者体内观察到希望的效果(例如,减少或消除与病毒感染或自身免疫性疾病相关的症状)。用于确定本发明的药物组合物的给予的适当剂量与给药方案的适用方法描述于例如Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics,Goodman et al.,eds.,11th Edition,McGraw-Hill 2005[Goodman和Gilman,治疗剂药理基础,Goodman等人编辑,第11版,麦格劳希尔,2005],以及Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,20th and 21st Editions,Gennaro andUniversity of the Sciences in Philadelphia,Eds.,Lippencott Williams&Wilkins(2003 and 2005)[雷明顿:药剂学科学与实践,第20和21版,Gennaro与费城科技大学编辑,利平科特·威廉斯&威尔金斯出版社(2003与2005)],将其各自通过引用结合在此。
优选的单位剂量配制品是含有给予成分的如在此讨论的每日剂量或单位、每日亚剂量、或其适当部分的那些。
用本发明的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽和/或本发明的组合物治疗障碍或疾病的给药方案基于多种因素,包括疾病的类型,患者的年龄、体重、性别、医学病症,病症的严重性,给药途径以及利用的具体化合物。因此,给药方案可以广泛地变化,但是可以使用标准方法常规地确定。
向受试者给予的量和给药方案可以取决于多种因素,如给药方式、正在治疗的病症的性质、正在被治疗的受试者的体重以及开处方医生的判断。从本披露和本领域知识,所有此类因素是在技术人员的范围内。
包括在根据本发明的治疗活性配制品内的化合物的量是用于治疗疾病或病症的有效量。通常,对患者而言,剂型中的本发明优选化合物的治疗有效量的范围通常是从稍微小于约0.025mg/kg/天至约2.5g/kg/天,优选约0.1mg/kg/天至约100mg/kg/天或多得多,这取决于使用的化合物、治疗的病症或感染和给药途径,但是本发明也考虑到了此剂量范围的例外情况。以其最优选的形式,按范围从约1mg/kg/天至约100mg/kg/天的量给予根据本发明的化合物。化合物的剂量可以取决于正在治疗的病症、具体化合物和其他临床因素,如患者的体重和状况和化合物的给药途径。应当理解的是,本发明可用于人用和兽用两者。
用于向人类口服给予,大约0.1至100mg/kg/天之间,优选大约1与100mg/kg/天之间的剂量通常是足够的。
在药物递送是全身性的而非局部的情况下,此剂量范围通常将在患者体内产生范围从小于约0.04至约400微克/cc血液或更多的活性化合物的有效血液水平浓度。该化合物便利地以任何适合的单位剂型给予,包括但不限于每单位剂型包含0.001至3000mg,优选0.05至500mg活性成分的单位剂型。10-250mg的口服剂量通常是方便的。
根据某些示例性实施例,按每种新抗原肽约10μg至1mg的剂量,给予疫苗或免疫原性组合物。根据某些示例性实施例,按每种新抗原肽约10μg至2000μg的平均每周剂量水平,给予疫苗或免疫原性组合物。
活性化合物在药物组合物中的浓度将取决于该药物的吸收、分布、失活和排泄速率以及本领域的普通技术人员已知的其他因素。应当指出的是,剂量值还随待缓解病症的严重性而变化。应该进一步理解的是针对任何具体受试者,特定的给药方案应该根据个体需要和给予组合物的或监督组合物给药的人的专业判断而随时间进行调整,并且在此列出的浓度范围仅仅是示例性的,并不旨在限制所要求的组合物的范围或实践。活性成分可以一次给予,或可以分成有待以不同时间间隔给予的许多较小剂量。
本发明提供了包含至少一种在此描述的肿瘤特异性新抗原的药物组合物。在实施例中,这些药物组合物包含一种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂,该载体、赋形剂或稀释剂包括任何药剂,该药剂本身对接受该组合物的受试者不引起有害的免疫应答的产生,并且可以给予而无异常毒性。如在此所使用的,术语“药学上可接受的”意指由联邦或州政府的监管机构批准的或者美国药典、欧洲药典或其他公认药典中列出的在哺乳动物中,并且更具体是在人类中使用的。这些组合物可用于治疗和/或预防病毒感染和/或自身免疫性疾病。
对药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂以及其他赋形剂的充分讨论存在于Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences(17th ed.,Mack Publishing Company)[雷明顿药物科学,第17版,麦克出版公司]以及Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(21st ed.,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins)[雷明顿:试剂的科学与实践,第21版,利平科特·威廉斯&威尔金斯出版社]中,将其通过引用将其结合在此。该药物组合物的配制应该适合于给药方式。在实施例中,该药物组合物适于给予人类,并且可以是无菌的、非微粒的和/或无热源的。
药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂包括但不限于生理盐水、缓冲生理盐水、葡萄糖、水、甘油、乙醇、无菌等渗水性缓冲液及其组合。
这些组合物中还可以存在湿润剂、乳化剂和润滑剂(如月桂基硫酸钠与硬脂酸镁)以及着色剂、脱模剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂以及芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂。
药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于:(1)水溶性抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠等;(2)油溶性抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等;以及(3)金属螯合剂,如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。
在实施例中,该药物组合物是以固体形式(如适于重构的冻干粉)、液体溶液、悬浮液、乳剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、缓释配制品或粉剂提供。
在实施例中,该药物组合物是以液体形式提供,例如,在指示该药物组合物中的活性成分的量和浓度的密封容器内。在相关实施例中,该药物组合物的液体形式是在熔封容器中提供。
用于配制本发明的药物组合物的方法是常规的并且在本领域是熟知的(参见雷明顿和雷明顿氏)。本领域的普通技术人员可以容易地配制具有所希望特征(例如,给药途径、生物安全性和释放谱)的药物组合物。
用于制备这些药物组合物的方法包括将活性成分与药学上可接受的载体以及任选地一种或多种辅助成分结合的步骤。可以通过使活性成分与液体载体或精细分散的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地结合,并且然后,必要的话,使产品成形,以制备药物组合物。用于制备药物组合物(包括制备多层剂)的另外的方法描述于Ansel's Pharmaceutical DosageForms and Drug Delivery Systems(9th ed.,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins)[安塞尔氏药物剂型和药物递送系统,第9版,利平科特·威廉斯&威尔金斯出版社]中,将其通过引用结合在此。
适于口服给予的药物组合物可以呈胶囊剂、扁囊剂、丸剂、片剂、糖锭剂(使用调味基质,通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶)、粉剂、颗粒剂的形式,或作为水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液,或作为水包油或油包水液体乳剂,或作为酏剂或糖浆剂,或作为软锭剂(使用惰性基质,如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)和/或作为漱口剂等,各自包含预定量的在此描述的一种或多种化合物、其衍生物,其药学上可接受的盐或前药作为一种或多种活性成分。该活性成分还可以作为大丸剂、药糖剂或糊剂给予。
在用于口服给予的固体剂型(例如,胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、粉剂、颗粒剂等)中,该活性成分与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂(如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙)和/或任何以下项混合:(1)填充剂或增量剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,如例如羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)致湿剂,如甘油;(4)崩解剂,如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(5)溶解阻滞剂,如石蜡;(6)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物;(7)湿润剂,如例如乙酰醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(8)吸附剂,如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠及其混合物;以及(10)着色剂。在胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂的情况下,这些药物组合物还可以包括缓冲剂。类似类型的固体组合物还可以使用填充剂和赋形剂(如乳糖(lactose)或乳糖(milk sugar))以及高分子量聚乙二醇等在软填充和硬填充的明胶胶囊中制备。
片剂可以通过任选地与一种或多种辅助成分压制或模制而制备。压制型片剂可以使用粘合剂(例如,明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如,淀粉乙醇酸钠或交联的羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂和/或分散剂而制备。模制型片剂可以通过在适合的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状活性成分的混合物而制备。
这些片剂以及其他固体剂型(如糖衣丸、胶囊剂、丸剂及颗粒剂)可以任选地被刻痕或用包衣和壳来制备,如肠溶包衣以及本领域熟知的其他包衣。
在一些实施例中,为了延长活性成分的效果,希望的是减缓皮下或肌内注射的化合物的吸收。这可以通过使用晶体的液体悬浮液或水溶性差的非晶体材料来达成。这样,活性成分的吸收速率取决于其溶解速率,而溶解速率又可以取决于晶体尺寸和晶型。可替代地,通过将胃肠外给予的活性成分溶解或悬浮于油载体中来实现该化合物的延迟吸收。另外,可以通过包含延迟吸收的试剂(如单硬脂酸铝和明胶)来实现可注射的药物形式的延长吸收。
控释的胃肠外组合物可以呈水性悬浮液、微球、微胶囊、磁性微球、油溶液、油悬浮液、乳液的形式,或者该活性成分可以被掺入一种或多种生物相容性载体、脂质体、纳米粒子、植入物或灌输装置。
用于在制备微球和/或微胶囊中使用的材料包括可生物降解的/生物可蚀解的聚合物,如羟乙酸乳酸聚酯、聚-(氰基丙烯酸异丁酯)、聚(2-羟基乙基-L-谷氨酰胺)以及聚(乳酸)。
当配制控释的胃肠外配制品时,可以使用的生物相容载体包括碳水化合物(如葡聚糖)、蛋白质(如白蛋白)、脂蛋白或抗体。
用于在植入物中使用的材料可以是不可生物降解的(例如聚二甲基硅氧烷)或可生物降解的(例如聚(己内酯)、聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)或聚(原酸酯))。
在实施例中,这种或这些活性成分是通过气溶胶给予的。这是通过制备湿气溶胶、脂质体制剂或含有该化合物的固体粒子来实现的。可以使用一种非水性悬浮液,例如氟碳推进剂。该药物组合物还可以使用声波喷雾器来给予,该声波喷雾器将使该试剂对剪切的暴露最小化,这种剪切可以导致该化合物的降解。
通常,湿气溶胶是通过将这种或这些活性成分与常规的药学上可接受的载体和稳定剂一起配制水性溶液或悬浮液来制备的。这些载体和稳定剂随具体化合物的要求而变化,但是典型地包括非离子表面活性剂(吐温类(Tweens)、普朗尼克类(Pluronics)或聚乙二醇)、无毒蛋白质(像血清白蛋白)、脱水山梨糖醇酯、油酸、卵磷脂、氨基酸(如甘氨酸)、缓冲液、盐类、糖类或糖醇类。气溶胶通常从等渗溶液制备。
用于局部或经皮给予一种或多种活性成分的剂型包括粉剂、喷雾剂、软膏、糊剂、乳膏、洗剂、凝胶、溶液、贴剂以及吸入剂。这种或这些活性成分可以在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的载体,以及与任何适当的防腐剂、缓冲剂或推进剂混合。
适合在本发明中使用的经皮贴剂披露于经皮药物递送:研发问题与研究方案(Transdermal Drug Delivery:Developmental Issues and Research Initiatives)(Marcel Dekker Inc.公司,1989)以及美国专利号4,743,249、4,906,169、5,198,223、4,816,540、5,422,119、5,023,084中,将其通过引用结合在此。该经皮贴剂还可以是本领域熟知的任何经皮贴剂,包括经阴囊贴剂。处于此类经皮贴剂形式的药物组合物可以包含本领域熟知的一种或多种吸收促进剂或皮肤渗透促进剂(参见例如,美国专利号4,379,454和4,973,468,将其通过引用结合在此)。用于在本发明中使用的经皮治疗系统可以基于离子导入法、扩散或这两种作用的组合。
经皮贴剂具有另外的优点,即提供一种或多种活性成分至身体的受控递送。此类剂型可以通过将这种或这些活性成分溶解或分散于适当介质中来制备。吸收促进剂还可以用来增加该活性成分穿过皮肤的流量。此流量速率可以通过提供一种速率控制膜或将这种或这些活性成分分散在聚合物基质或凝胶中来进行控制。
此类药物组合物可以呈以下形式:乳膏、软膏、洗剂、搽剂、凝胶、水凝胶、溶液、悬浮液、粘贴剂、喷雾剂、糊剂、硬膏剂以及其他种类的经皮药物递送系统。这些组合物还可以包括药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,如乳化剂、抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、致湿剂、渗透促进剂、螯合剂、胶凝剂、软膏基质、香料以及皮肤保护剂。
乳化剂的实例包括但不限于天然存在的树胶(例如阿拉伯树胶或黄芪树胶)、天然存在的磷脂(例如大豆卵磷脂)以及脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯衍生物。
抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、抗坏血酸及其衍生物、生育酚及其衍生物以及半胱氨酸。
防腐剂的实例包括但不限于对羟基苯甲酸酯(如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯)以及氯化苄烷铵。
致湿剂的实例包括但不限于甘油、丙二醇、山梨糖醇以及脲。
穿透增强剂的实例包括但不限于丙二醇、DMSO、三乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、2-吡咯烷酮及其衍生物、四氢糠醇、丙二醇、二甘醇单乙基或单甲基酯连同单月桂酸丙二醇酯或月桂酸甲酯、桉油精、卵磷脂、TRANSCUTOL、和AZONE。
螯合剂的实例包括但不限于EDTA钠、柠檬酸以及磷酸。
胶凝剂的实例包括但不限于卡波姆、纤维素衍生物、膨润土、海藻酸盐、明胶以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
除这种或这些活性成分之外,本发明的这些软膏、糊剂、乳膏以及凝胶还可以包含赋形剂(如动物和植物脂肪)、油类、蜡类、石蜡、淀粉、黄芪胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅酮、膨润土、硅酸、滑石以及氧化锌或其混合物。
粉剂和喷雾剂可以包含赋形剂,如乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙以及聚酰胺粉末或这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂可以另外包含通常的推进剂,如氯氟烃,以及挥发性未经取代的烃类,如丁烷和丙烷。
可注射长效形式是通过在可生物降解聚合物(如聚丙交酯-聚乙交酯)中形成一种或多种化合物的微胶囊基质来制备的。根据化合物与聚合物的比率以及所利用的具体聚合物的性质,可以控制化合物的释放速率。其他可生物降解的聚合物的实例包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。还通过将药物包埋在与身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳液中来制备长效可注射配制品。
皮下植入物在本领域是熟知的并且适于在本发明中使用。皮下植入方法优选是非刺激性的并且是具机械弹性的。这些植入物可以是基质型(matrix type)、贮存型(reservoir type),或其杂合体。在基质型装置中,该载体材料可以是多孔的或无孔的、固体的或半固体的、以及对这种或这些活性化合物是可透过的或不可透过的。该载体材料可以是可生物降解的或可以在给予后缓慢腐蚀。在一些情况下,该基质是不可降解的,而是依赖于该活性化合物扩散通过该基质来使该载体材料降解。可替代的皮下植入方法利用贮存装置,其中这种或这些活性化合物被一种速率控制膜包围,例如一种独立于组分浓度的膜(具有零级动力学)。由被一种速率控制膜包围的基质组成的装置也适合使用。
贮存型和基质型两种装置都可以包含多种材料,如聚二甲基硅氧烷(例如SILASTIC)或其他硅酮橡胶。基质材料可以是不溶性聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、乙酸乙基乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯与聚甲基丙烯酸酯,以及硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯、硬脂酸甘油酯和山萮酸甘油酯类型的甘油酯。材料可以是疏水性或亲水性聚合物并且任选地包含增溶剂。
皮下植入装置可以是用任何合适的聚合物制造的缓释胶囊,例如如描述于美国专利号5,035,891和4,210,644中,将其通过引用结合在此。
通常,为了提供对药物化合物的释放以及经皮透过的速率控制,至少四种不同方法是适用的。这些方法是:缓调膜系统(membrane-moderated system)、受控粘合扩散系统(adhesive diffusion-controlled system)、基质分散类型系统(matrix dispersion-type system)以及微贮存室系统(microreservoir system)。应理解的是,通过使用这些方法的合适混合可以获得受控释放的经皮和/或局部组合物。
在缓调膜系统中,该活性成分存在于一种贮存室中,该贮存室完全囊化在一种浅隔间中,该浅隔间从一种药物不可透过的层压板(如金属塑料层压板)以及一种速率控制聚合膜(如微孔或无孔聚合膜,例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)模制而来。该活性成分通过该速率控制聚合膜而得以释放。在该药物贮存室中,该活性成分可以被分散在固体聚合物基质中或悬浮于不可浸出的粘稠液体基质(如硅酮液)中。在该聚合膜的外表面上,施加一种粘合聚合物薄层以实现该经皮系统与皮肤表面紧密接触。该粘合聚合物优选是一种低变应原性的并且与该活性药物物质相容的聚合物。
在受控粘合扩散系统中,该活性成分的贮存室是通过以下来形成:直接将该活性成分分散在粘合聚合物中并且然后通过例如溶剂浇铸,将该含有该活性成分的粘合聚合物散布在药物基本上不可透过的金属塑料衬背平板上以形成一种薄的药物贮存室层。
基质分散类型系统的特征在于:该活性成分的贮存室是通过基本上均相地将该活性成分分散在亲水性或亲脂性聚合物基质中来形成。然后将该含药物聚合物模制成盘,该盘具有基本上良好界定的表面区域以及受控的厚度。该粘合聚合物沿圆周伸展以形成围绕该盘的一条粘性物。
微贮存室系统可以被认为是贮存室与基质分散类型系统的组合。在此情况下,该活性物质的贮存室是通过以下来形成:首先将药物固体悬浮在水溶性聚合物的水溶液中并且然后将该药物悬浮液分散在亲脂性聚合物中以形成大量不可浸出的药物贮存室微小球。
可以配制任何在此描述的受控释放、延长释放以及持续释放组合物来在约30分钟至约1周内、在约30分钟至约72小时内、在约30分钟至24小时内、在约30分钟至12小时内、在约30分钟至6小时内、在约30分钟至4小时内以及在约3小时至10小时内释放该活性成分。在实施例中,这种或这些活性成分的有效浓度在将这些药物组合物给予受试者之后在该受试者体内持续4小时、6小时、8小时、10小时、12小时、16小时、24小时、48小时、72小时或更长时间。
疫苗或免疫原性组合物
本发明在一些方面针对适用于预防或治疗癌症的药物组合物。在一个实施例中,该组合物包括至少一种免疫原性组合物,例如一种能够引起特异性T细胞应答的瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物。瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物包括对应于在此描述的肿瘤特异性新抗原的新抗原肽和/或新抗原多肽。
适合的瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以优选地包含多种肿瘤特异性新抗原肽。在一个实施例中,该疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以包括1与100组之间的肽,更优选1与50种这样的肽,甚至更优选10与30组之间的肽,甚至更优选15与25种之间的肽。根据另一个优选实施例,疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以包括至少一种肽,更优选2、3、4、或5种肽。在某些实施例中,疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以包括5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、或30种不同的肽。
本领域技术人员可以在无需过度实验的情况下可以确定有待包括在疫苗或免疫原性组合物中的每种肽的最佳量和最佳给药方案。例如,该肽或其变体可以制备用于静脉内(i.v.)注射、皮下(s.c.)注射、皮内(i.d.)注射、腹膜内(i.p.)注射、肌内(i.m.)注射。注射肽的优选方法包括s.c、i.d.、i.p.、i.m.以及i.v.。注射DNA的优选方法包括i.d.、i.m.、s.c、i.p.以及i.v.。例如,可以给予1与500mg之间、50μg与1.5mg之间,优选10μg至500μg的肽或DNA的剂量并且会取决于相应的肽或DNA。此范围剂量已在先前试验中成功使用(Brunsvig P F等人,Cancer Immunol Immunother.[肿瘤免疫与免疫治疗]2006;55(12):1553-1564;M.Staehler等人,ASCO meeting[ASCO会议]2007;摘要号3017)。给予疫苗或免疫原性组合物的其他方法是本领域普通技术人员已知的。
在本发明的一个实施例中,这些不同的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽和/或多肽选择用于在瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物中使用,以便将产生对抗群体中高比例的受试者中的瘤形成/肿瘤的免疫攻击的可能性最大化。不受理论束缚,据信包含多种多样的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽可以产生对抗瘤形成/肿瘤的大规模免疫攻击。在一个实施例中,这些选择的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽/多肽由错义突变编码。在第二实施例中,这些选择的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽/多肽由错义突变和新ORF突变的组合编码。在第三实施例中,这些选择的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽/多肽由新ORF突变编码。
在这些选择的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽/多肽由错义突变编码的一个实施例中,基于其与群体中高比例的受试者的MHC分子缔合的能力选择这些肽和/或多肽。源自新ORF突变的肽/多肽也可以基于其与患者群体的MHC分子结合的能力来进行选择。
该疫苗或免疫原性组合物能够引起特异性细胞毒性T-细胞应答和/或特异性辅助T细胞应答。
该疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以进一步包括佐剂和/或载体。在此给出了有用的佐剂和载体的实例。该组合物中的肽和/或多肽可以与载体(如例如,蛋白质)或抗原呈递细胞(如例如能够将肽呈递给T细胞的树突细胞(DC))缔合。
佐剂是任何物质,它们掺合进该疫苗或免疫原性组合物中增加或以其他方式改变针对突变型肽的免疫应答。载体是这些新抗原肽能够向其缔合的支架结构,例如多肽或多糖。任选地,佐剂被共价地或非共价地轭合至本发明的肽或多肽。
佐剂增加针对抗原的免疫应答的能力典型地通过免疫介导的反应的显著增加或疾病症状的减少来表现。例如,体液免疫的增加典型地通过针对抗原产生的抗体的效价的显著升高来表现,并且T细胞活性的增加典型地在细胞增殖或细胞毒性或细胞因子分泌方面的增加中来表现。佐剂还可以例如通过将初次体液或Th2应答变为初次细胞或Th1应答而改变免疫应答。
适合的佐剂包括但不限于1018 ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CpG7909、CyaA、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、咪喹莫特、ImuFact IMP321、IS Patch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、Juvlmmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、蒙塔尼德IMS 1312、蒙塔尼德ISA 206、蒙塔尼德ISA 50V、蒙塔尼德ISA-51、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ONTAK、PEPTEL.载体系统、PLG微粒子、瑞喹莫德、SRL172、病毒体和其他病毒样粒子、YF-17D、VEGF陷阱、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys、源自皂苷的阿奎拉QS21刺激子(阿奎拉生物技术公司(Aquila Biotech),伍斯特市,马萨诸塞州,美国)、分枝杆菌提取物和合成细菌细胞壁模拟物以及其他专利佐剂,如Ribi的Detox.Quil或Superfos。先前已经描述了若干特异性针对树突细胞的免疫佐剂(例如,MF59)及其制备(Dupuis M等人,Cell Immunol.[细胞免疫学]1998;186(1):18-27;Allison A C;Dev Biol Stand.[生物标准化进展]1998;92:3-11)。还可以使用细胞因子。已经将若干细胞因子直接与影响树突细胞迁移至淋巴组织(例如,TNF-α)、加速树突细胞成熟为T淋巴细胞的有效的抗原呈递细胞(例如,GM-CSF、IL-1和IL-4)(美国专利号5,849,589,通过引用以其全文具体地结合在此)以及充当免疫佐剂(例如,IL-12)(Gabrilovich DI等人,J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol.[侧重于肿瘤免疫学的免疫疗法杂志]1996(6):414-418)相联系。
Toll样受体(TLR)也可以用作佐剂,并且是模式识别受体(PRR)家族的重要成员,模式识别受体识别由许多微生物共有的保守基序,称为“病原体相关分子模式(PAMPS)”。识别这些“危险信号”激活先天性和适应性免疫系统的多个元件。TLR由先天性和适应性免疫系统的细胞表达,如树突细胞(DC)、巨噬细胞、T细胞和B细胞、肥大细胞以及粒细胞,并且位于不同的细胞区室中,如质膜、溶酶体、内涵体以及内吞溶酶体。不同TLR识别不同PAMPS。例如,TLR4被包含在细菌细胞壁中的LPS激活,TLR9被未甲基化的细菌或病毒CpG DNA激活,并且TLR3被双链RNA激活。TLR配体结合导致激活一种或多种细胞内信号转导途径,从而最终导致产生许多与炎症和免疫相关的关键分子(特别是转录因子NF-κB和I型干扰素)。TLR介导的DC激活导致DC激活增强,吞噬作用,激活和共刺激标记物(如CD80、CD83和CD86)上调,表达CCR7,从而允许DC迁移至引流淋巴结并且有助于将抗原呈递给T细胞,以及细胞因子(如I型干扰素、IL-12和IL-6)的分泌增加。所有这些下游事件对于诱导适应性免疫应答而言是关键的。
当前在临床研发中最具前景的癌症疫苗或免疫原性组合物佐剂是TLR9激动剂CpG和合成双链RNA(dsRNA)TLR3配体聚-ICLC。在临床前研究中,当与LPS和CpG相比时,聚-ICLC显现是最有效力的TLR佐剂,因为它诱导促炎细胞因子并且没有IL-10刺激并且在DCs1中维持高水平的共刺激分子。此外,作为一种蛋白质疫苗或免疫原性组合物的佐剂,最近在非人类灵长类动物(恒河猴)体内将聚-ICLC与CpG进行了直接比较,该蛋白质疫苗或免疫原性组合物由人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16衣壳体组成(Stahl-Hennig C,Eisenblatter M,Jasny E等人Synthetic double-stranded RNAs are adjuvants for the induction of T helper 1and humoral immune responses to human papillomavirus in rhesus macaques[在恒河猴体内合成双链RNA是用于诱导针对人乳头瘤病毒的T辅助细胞1和体液免疫应答的佐剂].PLoS pathogens[PLoS病原体].2009年4月;5(4))。
还已经报道,CpG免疫刺激寡核苷酸可以增强佐剂在疫苗或免疫原性组合物环境中的作用。不受理论束缚,CpG寡核苷酸经由Toll样受体(TLR)(主要是TLR9)通过激活先天性(非适应性)免疫系统而起作用。CpG触发的TLR9激活增强针对多种多样的抗原的抗原特异性体液和细胞应答,包括预防性和治疗性疫苗两者中的肽或蛋白质抗原、活病毒或死病毒、树突细胞疫苗、自体细胞疫苗以及多糖轭合物。更重要的是,它增强树突细胞成熟和分化,从而导致Thl细胞的激活增强和较强的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)产生,即使在不存在CD4T细胞帮助下。由TLR9刺激诱导的Thl偏向性(bias)即使在疫苗佐剂(如明矾或不完全弗氏佐剂(IFA))的存在下也得以维持,这些疫苗佐剂通常促进Th2偏向性。当与其他佐剂一起配制或共给药或在如微粒子、纳米粒子、脂质乳剂或类似配制品的配制品中时,CpG寡核苷酸显示出甚至更大的佐剂活性,当抗原相对较弱时,这些对于诱导较强应答而言是尤其必要的。它们还促进免疫应答并且使得抗原剂量可以降低大约两个数量级,同时在一些实验中在没有CpG的情况下对全剂量疫苗产生可比的抗体应答(Arthur M.Krieg,NatureReviews,Drug Discovery,5,Jun.2006[自然评论,药物发现,5,2006年6月],471-484)。美国专利号6,406,705Bl描述了组合使用CpG寡核苷酸、非核酸佐剂和抗原来诱导抗原特异性免疫应答。一种可商购的CpG TLR9拮抗剂是Mologen公司(柏林,德国)的dSLIM(双茎环免疫调节剂),它是本发明的药物组合物的优选组分。也可以使用其他TLR结合分子,如结合RNA的TLR 7、TLR 8和/或TLR 9。
有用佐剂的其他实例包括但不限于化学改性的CpG(例如CpR,Idera)、聚(I:C)(例如聚i:CI2U)、非CpG细菌DNA或RNA和免疫活性小分子以及可以在治疗上起作用和/或作为佐剂起作用的抗体,如环磷酰胺、舒尼替尼、贝伐单抗、西乐葆、NCX-4016、西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非、索拉非尼、XL-999、CP-547632、帕唑帕尼、ZD2171、AZD2171、伊匹单抗、曲美木单抗(tremelimumab)及SC58175。本领域技术人员可以在无需过度实验的情况下容易地确定在本发明的背景下有用的佐剂和添加剂的量和浓度。另外的佐剂包括集落刺激因子,如粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF,沙格司亭)。
聚-ICLC是一种合成地制备的双链RNA,它由平均长度约5000个核苷酸的聚I和聚C链组成,已经通过加入聚赖氨酸和羧甲基纤维素而使得它对热变性和血清核酸酶的水解稳定。该化合物激活TLR3和MDA5的RNA解旋酶-结构域(PAMP家族的两个成员),从而导致激活DC和自然杀伤细胞(NK)并产生I型干扰素、细胞因子和趋化因子的“天然混合物(naturalmix)”。此外,聚-ICLC发挥由两种IFN诱导型核酶系统介导的更直接的靶向广泛宿主的抗感染以及可能抗肿瘤作用,这两种系统是2’5’-OAS和P1/eIF2a激酶(亦称PKR(4-6))以及RIG-I解旋酶和MDA5。
在啮齿类动物和非人类灵长类动物中,显示聚-ICLC可增强针对病毒抗原的T细胞应答、交叉致敏以及肿瘤-、病毒-和自身抗原-特异性CD8+ T细胞的诱导。在非人类灵长类动物的一项最近研究中,发现聚-ICLC为产生针对DC靶向或非靶向的HIV Gag p24蛋白的抗体应答和T细胞免疫所必需,从而强调了它作为疫苗佐剂的有效性。
在人类受试者中,系列全血样品的转录分析揭示了接受一个单次s.c.给予聚-ICLC的8个健康人类志愿者之间的类似的基因表达谱和在这8个受试者与4个接受安慰剂的受试者之间多达212个基因的差异表达。值得注意的是,聚-ICLC基因表达数据与来自用高效黄热病疫苗YF17D免疫的志愿者的先前数据的比较显示,在峰值时间点大量的转录和信号转导经典途径(包括先天性免疫系统的那些)被类似地上调。
最近,报告了关于处于二期或三期完全临床缓解的患有卵巢癌、输卵管癌和原发性腹膜癌的患者的免疫分析,这些患者在一期皮下疫苗接种研究中用来自睾丸癌抗原NY-ESO-1的合成重叠长肽(OLP)单独地或与蒙塔尼德-ISA-51一起或与1.4mg聚-ICLC和蒙塔尼德一起进行治疗。与单独的OLP或OLP和蒙塔尼德相比,在加入聚-ICLC和蒙塔尼德情况下的NY-ESO-1特异性CD4+和CD8+ T细胞和抗体应答的产生明显增强。
根据本发明的疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以包括多于一种不同佐剂。此外,本发明涵盖一种治疗性组合物,它包括任何佐剂物质,包括在此讨论的那些中的任一者。还考虑的是该肽或多肽和该佐剂可以按任何适当的顺序进行给予。
载体可以独立于佐剂而存在。载体可以共价连接至抗原。还可以通过将编码载体的DNA插入具有编码抗原的DNA的框中,将载体添加至抗原。载体的功能可以例如是赋予稳定性、增加生物活性或增加血清半衰期。半衰期的延长可以有助于减少应用数并且有助于降低剂量,因此有益于治疗,而且还有经济原因。此外,载体可以辅助将肽呈递给T细胞。该载体可以是本领域的普通技术人员已知的任何适合的载体,例如蛋白质或抗原呈递细胞。载体蛋白可以是但不限于钥孔虫戚血蓝蛋白、血清蛋白(如转铁蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、人血清白蛋白、甲状腺球蛋白或卵清蛋白)、免疫球蛋白或激素(如胰岛素或棕榈酸)。用于对人类免疫,该载体可以是为人类的生理上可接受的并且安全的。然而,破伤风类毒素和/或白喉类毒素在本发明的一个实施例中是适合的载体。可替代地,该载体可以是葡聚糖,例如琼脂糖。
细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)识别处于结合至MHC分子上的肽的形式的抗原而非完整的外源抗原本身。该MHC分子本身位于抗原递呈细胞的细胞表面。因此,只有当存在肽抗原、MHC分子和APC的三聚复合物时才可能激活CTL。相应地,不仅如果该肽用于CTL激活,并且如果另外加入具有对应的MHC分子的APC的话,这可以增强免疫应答。因此,在一些实施例中,根据本发明的疫苗或免疫原性组合物另外包含至少一种抗原递呈细胞。
该抗原呈递细胞(或刺激细胞)在其表面上典型地具有MHC I类或II类分子,并且在一个实施例中自身基本上不能装载具有选择的抗原的MHC I类或II类分子。如在此更详细地描述的,该MHC I类或II类分子可以在体外容易地装载有所选择的抗原。
可以通过使用CD4+细胞增加CD8+细胞活性。针对肿瘤抗原鉴定CD4 T+细胞表位已经吸引了兴趣,因为如果CD8+和CD4+ T淋巴细胞两者均被用来靶向患者的肿瘤,许多基于免疫的抗癌疗法可以更有效。CD4+细胞能够增强CD8T细胞应答。许多动物模型研究已经清楚地证明当CD4+和CD8+ T细胞两者均参与抗肿瘤应答时的结果更好(参见例如,Nishimura等人(1999)Distinct role of antigen-specific T helper type 1(TH1)and Th2 cellsin tumor eradication in vivo[抗原特异性T辅助类型1(TH1)和Th2细胞在体内肿瘤根除中的不同作用].J Ex Med[实验医学杂志]190:617-27)。已经鉴定了可适用于开发对抗不同类型的癌症的疗法的通用CD4+ T细胞表位(参见例如,Kobayashi等人(2008)CurrentOpinion in Immunology[免疫学当前观点]20:221-27)。例如,将来自破伤风类毒素的HLA-DR限制性辅助肽在黑色素瘤疫苗中用于非特异性地激活CD4+ T细胞(参见例如,Slingluff等人(2007)Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial ofTwo Multipeptide Vaccines for Melanoma in the Adjuvant Setting[两种针对黑色素瘤的多肽疫苗在辅助情况下的随机II期试验的免疫与临床结果],Clinical CancerResearch[临床癌症研究]13(21):6386-95)。在本发明的范围内考虑到的是此类CD4+细胞可以在随其肿瘤特异性而变的三个水平上可适用:1)广泛水平,其中通用CD4+表位(例如,破伤风类毒素)可以用来增加CD8+细胞;2)中间水平,其中天然的肿瘤相关CD4+表位可以用来增加CD8+细胞;以及3)患者特异性水平,其中新抗原CD4+表位可以按患者特异性方式用来增加CD8+细胞。尽管目前用于预测CD4表位的算法在准确度方面有限,但是合理的预期是许多含有预测的CD8新表位的长肽也将包括CD4表位。CD4表位比CD8表位更长,并且典型地长度为10-12个氨基酸,尽管一些可能更长(Kreiter等人,Mutant MHC Class II epitopesdrive therapeutic immune responses to cancer[突变体MHC Ii类表位驱动对癌症的治疗性免疫应答],Nature[自然](2015))。因此在此描述的新抗原表位(无论处于长肽(≥25个氨基酸)的形式或编码此类长肽的核酸的形式)也可以以肿瘤和患者特异性方式加强CD4应答(以上水平(3))
还可以用新抗原装载的树突细胞(DC)疫苗产生CD8+细胞免疫。DC是启动T细胞免疫的有效力的抗原呈递细胞并且当例如通过直接肽注射而装载有一种或多种感兴趣的肽时可以用作癌症疫苗。例如,显示新近被诊断为转移性黑色素瘤的患者可经由产生IL-12p70的患者DC疫苗针对3种HLA-A*0201限制性gp100黑色素瘤抗原衍生的肽用自体肽脉冲处理的CD40L/IFN-g-激活的成熟DC进行免疫(参见例如,Carreno等人(2013)L-12p70-producing patient DC vaccine elicits Tc1-polarized immunity[产生L-12p70的患者DC疫苗引起Tc1-极化的免疫性],Journal of Clinical Investigation[临床研究杂志],123(8):3383-94以及Ali等人(2009)In situ regulation of DC subsets and T cellsmediates tumor regression in mice[DC亚群和T细胞的原位调节在小鼠体内介导肿瘤消退],Cancer Immunotherapy[癌症免疫疗法],1(8):1-10)。在本发明的范围内考虑到的是可以使用刺激DC的合成TLR 3激动剂聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸-聚-L-赖氨酸羧甲基纤维素(聚-ICLC)制备新抗原装载的DC。聚-ICLC对于人类DC而言是一种有效力的个体成熟刺激物,如通过上调CD83和CD86,诱导白介素-12(IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、干扰素γ诱导蛋白10(IP-10)、白介素1(IL-1)及I型干扰素(IFN)并且产生最少白介素10(IL-10)所评估的。DC可以分化自通过白细胞分离术获得的冷冻外周血单核细胞(PBMC),而PBMC可以通过聚蔗糖梯度离心分离并以等分部分冷冻。
说明性地,可以使用以下7天激活方案。第1天—将PBMC解冻并铺在组织培养烧瓶上,以在组织培养孵育器中在37℃下孵育1-2hr之后选择粘附至塑料表面的单核细胞。孵育之后,将淋巴细胞洗掉并且将粘附单核细胞在白介素-4(IL-4)和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的存在下培养5天,以分化成未成熟的DC。在第6天,用钥孔虫戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)脉冲处理未成熟的DC,该蛋白作为疫苗质量的对照并且可以增强疫苗的免疫原性。将这些DC刺激至成熟,用肽抗原装载,并孵育过夜。在第7天,将细胞洗涤,并且使用控速冷冻机以包含4-20x10(6)个细胞的1ml等分部分冷冻。可以针对这些批次的DC进行批释放测试,以在将这些DC注射进患者体内之前满足最低规格(参见例如,Sabado等人(2013)Preparation of tumor antigen-loaded mature dendritic cells for immunotherapy[用于免疫疗法的肿瘤抗原装载的成熟树突细胞的制备],J.Vis Exp.[可视化实验杂志]8月1日;(78).doi:10.3791/50085)。
可以将DC疫苗掺入支架系统中,以有助于递送至患者。用DC疫苗治疗性处理患者的瘤形成可以利用以下生物材料系统,该系统释放将宿主树突细胞募集进该装置中的因子,通过局部呈递佐剂(例如危险信号)同时释放抗原而使驻留型未成熟的DC分化,并且促进使激活的抗原装载的DC释放至淋巴结(或希望的作用点),在这里这些DC可以与T细胞相互作用,以产生针对癌症新抗原的有效力的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞应答。可植入生物材料可以用于以患者特异性方式产生对抗瘤形成的有效力的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞应答。然后,可以通过将这些生物材料驻留型树突细胞暴露于危险信号模拟感染而将它们激活,与从该生物材料中释放抗原一致。然后,这些激活的树突细胞从生物材料迁移至淋巴结,以诱导细胞毒性T效应应答。此方法先前已经被证明在使用制备自肿瘤活检的溶解产物的临床前研究中可导致已形成的黑色素瘤消退(参见例如,Ali等人(2209)In situ regulation of DCsubsets and T cells mediates tumor regression in mice[DC亚群和T细胞的原位调节在小鼠体内介导肿瘤消退],Cancer Immunotherapy[癌症免疫疗法]1(8):1-10;Ali等人(2009)Infection-mimicking materials to program dendritic cells in situ[用于原位编程树突细胞的感染模拟材料].Nat Mater[自然材料]8:151-8),并且这样一种疫苗当前正在达纳法博癌症研究所(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)在最近启动的I期临床试验中进行测试。还已经显示,使用当前提案中的C6大鼠神经胶质瘤模型24,此方法可导致成胶质细胞瘤消退,并且诱导有效力的记忆应答以防止复发。这样一种可植入生物基质疫苗递送支架放大并维持肿瘤特异性树突细胞激活的能力可以产生比通过传统皮下或结内疫苗给予可以达到的更鲁棒性的抗肿瘤免疫致敏。
本发明可以包括用于将新抗原肽加载到树突细胞上的任何方法。适用于本发明的一种此类方法是微流体细胞内递送系统。此类系统通过人和小鼠免疫细胞的快速机械变形引起暂时膜破裂,因此允许生物分子的细胞内递送(Sharei等人,2015,PLOS ONE)。
优选地,这些抗原呈递细胞是树突细胞。适当地,这些树突细胞是用该新抗原肽脉冲处理的自体树突细胞。该肽可以是引起适当的T细胞应答的任何适合的肽。使用用来自肿瘤相关抗原的肽脉冲处理的自体树突细胞进行T细胞疗法披露于Murphy等人(1996)TheProstate[前列腺]29,371-380以及Tjua等人(1997)The Prostate[前列腺]32,272-278中。在某些实施例中,使用CD141、DEC205或XCR1标记物靶向这些树突细胞。CD141+XCR1+DC被鉴定为可更适合诱导抗肿瘤应答的子组(Bachem等人,J.Exp.Med.[实验医学杂志]207,1273-1281(2010);Crozat等人,J.Exp.Med.[实验医学杂志]207,1283-1292(2010);和Gallois&Bhardwaj,Nature Med.[自然医学]16,854-856(2010))。
因此,在本发明的一个实施例中,用本发明的一种或多种肽脉冲处理或装载包含至少一种抗原呈递细胞的疫苗或免疫原性组合物。可替代地,分离自患者的外周血单核细胞(PBMC)可以离体装载有肽并且将其注射回该患者体内。作为一个替代方案,该抗原呈递细胞包括编码本发明的肽的表达构建体。该多核苷酸可以是任何适合的多核苷酸并且优选的是它能够转导树突细胞,从而呈递肽并诱导免疫性。
可以编制本发明的药物组合物,这样使得存在于该组合物中的肽的选择、数目和/或量覆盖群体中高比例的受试者。选择可以依赖于癌症的具体类型、疾病的状态、早先的治疗方案以及当然还有患者群体中存在的HLA-单体型。
可以向已患有癌症的个体给予包含本发明的肽的药物组合物。在治疗性应用中,以足引起针对肿瘤抗原的有效CTL应答和足以治愈或至少部分阻止症状和/或并发症的量向患者给予组合物。足以实现该目的的量被定义为“治疗有效剂量”。对于此用途有效的量可以取决于例如肽组合物、给药方式、正在治疗的疾病的阶段和严重性、患者的体重和一般健康状况以及开处方医生的判断,但是通常用于70kg患者的首次免疫范围(这是用于治疗性或预防性给予)是从约1.0μg至约50,000μg的肽,随后提高剂量,或依照加强方案从约1.0μg至约10,000μg的肽持续数周至数月,这取决于患者的反应和情况并且可能通过测量患者血液中的特异性CTL活性。应当记住的是,本发明的肽和组合物通常可以用于严重疾病状态,即危及生命或可能危及生命的情况,尤其是当癌症已经转移时。对于治疗性用途,应该在检测或手术切除肿瘤之后尽早开始给药。这之后提高剂量,直到至少症状被基本上减轻并且之后持续一段时间。
用于治疗性处理的药物组合物(例如,疫苗组合物)旨在用于胃肠外、局部(topical)、鼻腔、口服或局部(local)给药。优选地,胃肠外(例如,静脉内、皮下、皮内或肌内)给予这些药物组合物。可以在手术切除部位给予这些组合物,以诱导针对肿瘤的局部免疫应答。本发明提供了用于胃肠外给药的组合物,它们包括溶解或悬浮于可接受的载体(优选水性载体)中的肽和疫苗或免疫原性组合物的溶液。可以使用多种水性载体,例如,水、缓冲水、0.9%盐水、0.3%甘氨酸、透明质酸等。这些组合物可以通过常规的熟知灭菌技术灭菌,或者可以是无菌过滤的。所得水溶液可以被包装以按原样使用,或者被冻干,在给药前将该冻干制剂与无菌溶液组合。这些组合物可以包含如接近生理条件所需的药学上可接受的辅助物质,如pH调节剂和缓冲剂、张力调节剂、湿润剂等,例如乙酸钠、乳酸钠、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、油酸三乙醇胺等。
可以按以下剂量静脉内、局部(locally,topically)等给予包含肽的脂质体悬浮液,该剂量尤其根据给药方式、正在递送的肽和正在治疗的疾病的阶段变化。用于靶向免疫细胞,可以将配体(如例如,特异性针对希望的免疫系统细胞的细胞表面决定簇的抗体或其片段)掺入脂质体中。
对于固体组合物,可以使用常规或纳米粒子无毒固体载体,包括例如药物级甘露醇、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、糖精钠、滑石、纤维素、葡萄糖、蔗糖、碳酸镁等。用于口服给药,通过掺入任何通常使用的赋形剂(如先前列出的那些载体)和通常10%-95%的活性成分(即,本发明的一种或多种肽)并且更优选地处于25%-75%的浓度而形成药学上可接受的无毒组合物。
用于气溶胶给药,优选以精细分散形式连同表面活性剂和推进剂提供免疫原性肽。肽的典型百分比是按重量计0.01%-20%,优选1%-10%。当然,该表面活性剂可以是无毒的,并且优选可溶于该推进剂。此类试剂的代表是含有从6至22个碳原子的脂肪酸与脂肪族多元醇或其环酐的酯或偏酯,这些脂肪酸是如己酸、辛酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、油硬脂酸以及油酸。可以使用混合酯,例如混合的或天然的甘油酯。按该组合物的重量计,该表面活性剂可以占0.1%-20%,优选0.25%-5%。组合物的余量通常是推进剂。如所希望的,也可以包括载体,正如例如用卵磷脂用于鼻内递送。
可以利用不含污染菌或动物物质的试剂用化学方法容易地合成本发明的肽和多肽(Merrifield RB:Solid phase peptide synthesis[固相肽合成].I.The synthesis ofa tetrapeptide[四肽的合成].J.Am.Chem.Soc.[美国化学会志]85:2149-54,1963)。
还可以通过载体,例如,如在此讨论的核酸分子,例如RNA或DNA质粒、病毒载体,例如痘病毒,例如正痘病毒、禽痘病毒、或腺病毒、AAV或慢病毒,表达本发明的肽和多肽。此方法涉及使用载体来表达编码本发明的肽的核苷酸序列。在引入急性或慢性感染宿主或引入未感染宿主中之后,该载体表达免疫原性肽,并且从而引起宿主CTL应答。
用于治疗或免疫接种目的,还可以向患者给予编码本发明的肽以及任选地在此描述的一种或多种肽的核酸。许多方法方便地用来将这些核酸递送至患者。例如,核酸可以作为“裸DNA”而直接递送。此途径描述于例如Wolff等人,Science[科学]247:1465-1468(1990)以及美国专利号5,580,859和5,589,466中。还可以使用弹道递送给予核酸,如描述于例如美国专利号5,204,253中。可以给予仅仅由DNA构成的粒子。可替代地,可以将DNA粘附到粒子(如金粒子)上。通常,用于疫苗或免疫学组合物的质粒可以包括编码可操作地连接至控制来自宿主细胞(例如哺乳动物细胞)的抗原的表达或表达和分泌的调节序列的抗原(一种或多种新抗原)的DNA;例如,从上游至下游,用于启动子,例如哺乳动物病毒启动子(例如CMV启动子,如hCMV或mCMV启动子,例如早期中间体启动子,或SV40启动子--针对有用的启动子,参见在此引用的或合并的文件)的DNA、用于分泌的真核前导肽的DNA(组织纤溶酶原激活物)、用于一种或多种新抗原的DNA、和编码终止子(例如来自编码牛生长激素或bGH polyA的基因的3'UTR转录终止子)的DNA。组合物可以包含多于一种质粒或载体,由此每种质粒包含并且表达不同的新抗原。还提到Wasmoen的美国专利号5,849,303和Dale的美国专利号5,811,104,它们的正文会是有用的。可以用阳离子脂质或在阳离子脂质内配制DNA或DNA质粒配制品;并且关于阳离子脂质,连同佐剂,还提到Loosmore的美国专利申请2003/0104008。而且,在Audonnet的美国专利号6,228,846和6,159,477中的教授内容可以取决于在构建和使用在体内包含并且表达的DNA质粒时可以采用的DNA质粒教授内容。
还可以通过与阳离子化合物(如阳离子脂质)复合来递送核酸。脂质介导的基因递送方法描述于例如WO 1996/18372;WO 1993/24640;Mannino&Gould-Fogerite,BioTechniques[生物技术]6(7):682-691(1988);美国专利号5,279,833;WO 1991/06309;和Feigner等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.[美国国家科学院院刊]84:7413-7414(1987)中。
编码感兴趣的肽的RNA(例如mRNA)也可以用于递送(参见例如,Kiken等人,2011;Su等人,2011;也参见US 8278036;Halabi等人,J Clin Oncol[临床肿瘤学杂志](2003)21:1232-1237;Petsch等人,Nature Biotechnology 2012Dec 7[自然生物技术,2012年12月7日];30(12):1210-6)。
在此描述的病毒载体也可用于递送本发明的新抗原肽。可以给予载体,以具有体内表达以及类似给药的反应和/或通过抗原给予引起的反应。
给予编码本发明的肽的核酸的一种优选手段使用编码多个表位的微基因构建体。为了产生编码用于在人类细胞中表达的选择的CTL表位(微基因)的DNA序列,反向翻译这些表位的氨基酸序列。将人类密码子选择表用来指导每种氨基酸的密码子选择。这些编码表位的DNA序列被直接邻接,从而产连续的多肽序列。为了优化表达和/或免疫原性,可以将另外的元件掺入微基因设计中。可以被反向翻译并包括在微基因序列中的氨基酸序列的实例包括:辅助T淋巴细胞、表位、前导子(信号)序列以及内质网滞留信号。另外,可以通过包括与CTL表位相邻的合成(例如聚丙氨酸)的或天然存在的侧翼序列来改善MHC对这些CTL表位的呈递。
通过组装编码微基因的正链和负链的寡核苷酸而将微基因序列转化成DNA。使用熟知的技术在适当条件下合成重叠寡核苷酸(30-100个碱基长),将其磷酸化、纯化并退火。使用T4DNA连接酶连接这些寡核苷酸的末端。然后可以将编码CTL表位多肽的该合成微基因克隆进希望的表达载体中。
在该载体中包括本领域的普通技术人员熟知的标准调节序列,以保证在靶细胞中进行表达。需要若干载体元件:具有用于插入微基因的下游克隆位点的启动子;用于有效终止转录的聚腺苷酸化信号;大肠杆菌复制起点;以及大肠杆菌选择性标记(例如氨苄西林或卡那霉素耐受性)。众多启动子可以用于此目的,例如人疱疹病毒(hCMV)启动子。对于其他适合的启动子序列,参见美国专利号5,580,859和5,589,466。
可能需要另外的载体修饰来优化微基因表达和免疫原性。在一些情况下,需要内含子用于有效的基因表达,并且可以将一个或多个合成的或天然存在的内含子掺入微基因的转录区域中。包含mRNA稳定序列也可以被考虑用于增加微基因表达。最近已经提出,免疫刺激序列(ISS或CpG)在DNA疫苗的免疫原性中发挥一定作用。如果发现可增强免疫原性,可以将这些序列包括在该载体中,位于微基因编码序列之外。
在一些实施例中,可以使用双顺反子表达载体,以允许产生微基因编码的表位和第二蛋白,该第二蛋白被包括以增强或降低免疫原性。如果被共表达,可以有益地增强免疫应答的蛋白质或多肽的实例包括细胞因子(例如,IL2、IL12、GM-CSF)、细胞因子诱导分子(例如LeIF)或共刺激分子。辅助(HTL)表位可以被连接至细胞内靶向信号上并且独立于CTL表位进行表达。这允许将HTL表位指向不同于CTL表位的细胞区室。如果需要,这可以促进HTL表位更有效地进入MHC II类途径中,从而改善CTL诱导。与CTL诱导相反,通过共表达免疫抑制分子(例如TGF-β)而特异性降低免疫应答在某些疾病中可能是有益的。
选择表达载体之后,便将微基因克隆进启动子下游的多接头区中。将此质粒转化进适当的大肠杆菌菌株中,并且使用标准技术制备DNA。使用限制酶作图和DNA序列分析确认微基因的取向和DNA序列以及被包括在该载体中的所有其他元件。可以将携带正确质粒的细菌细胞作为主细胞库和工作细胞库存储。
可以使用多种配制品制备注射用纯化的质粒DNA。这些中最简单的是在无菌磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中使冻干的DNA重构。已经描述了多种方法,并且新技术可以变得可用。如在此所指出,便利地用阳离子脂质配制核酸。另外,糖脂、促融合脂质体、肽以及统称为保护性、相互作用、非缩合(PINC)的化合物还可以与纯化的质粒DNA复合,以影响如稳定性、肌内分散度或到特定器官或细胞类型的输送等变量。
靶细胞致敏可以用作微基因编码的CTL表位的表达和MHC I类呈递的功能测定。将该质粒DNA引入哺乳动物细胞系中,该细胞系适于作为标准CTL铬释放测定的靶标。使用的转染方法取决于最终配制品。电穿孔可以用于“裸”DNA,而阳离子脂质允许直接体外转染。可以共转染表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的质粒,以允许使用荧光激活细胞分选术(FACS)富集转染的细胞。然后将这些细胞用铬-51标记并且用作表位特异性CTL系的靶细胞。通过51Cr释放而检测到细胞溶解指示产生MHC对微基因编码的CTL表位的呈递。
体内免疫原性是用于功能性测试微基因DNA配制品的第二途径。用DNA产物对表达适当人类MHC分子的转基因小鼠进行免疫。给药剂量和途径是配制品依赖性的(例如,对于PBS中的DNA而言是IM,对于脂质复合的DNA而言是IP)。免疫之后二十一天,收获脾细胞并且在编码待测试的各种表位的肽的存在下再刺激1周。使用标准技术,针对装载肽的铬-51标记的靶细胞的细胞溶解,对这些效应细胞(CTL)进行测定。通过对应于微基因编码的表位的肽的MHC装载而致敏的靶细胞溶解证明DNA疫苗的功能是在体内诱导CTL。
肽也可以用来在离体引起CTL。所得CTL可以用来治疗对其有需要的患者的慢性肿瘤,这些患者不响应于其他常规形式的疗法,或不响应于肽疫苗疗法途径。通过在组织培养中孵育患者的CTL前体细胞(CTLp)连同抗原呈递细胞(APC)源和适当的肽而诱导针对具体肿瘤抗原的离体CTL应答。适当的孵育时间(典型地是1-4周)之后,期间CTLp被激活并且成熟和发展成效应CTL,将这些细胞回注到患者体内,在这里它们破坏它们的特异性靶细胞(即,肿瘤细胞)。为了优化用于产生特异性细胞毒性T细胞的体外条件,将刺激细胞的培养物维持在适当的无血清培养基中。
在将这些刺激细胞与待激活细胞(例如,前体CD8+细胞)一起孵育之前,向刺激细胞培养物中加入一定量的抗原肽,其数量足以被装载到有待在这些刺激细胞的表面上表达的人类I类分子上。在本发明中,肽的足够量是允许约200,并且优选200或更多个装载有肽的人类I类MHC分子在每个刺激细胞的表面上表达的量。优选地,用>2μg/ml肽孵育这些刺激细胞。例如,用>3、4、5、10、15或更多μg/ml肽孵育这些刺激细胞。
然后将静止或前体CD8+细胞在培养物中与适当的刺激细胞一起孵育一段足以激活这些CD8+细胞的时间。优选地,以抗原特异性方式激活这些CD8+细胞。静止或前体CD8+(效应)细胞与刺激细胞的比率可能因人而异并且可以进一步取决于如个体的淋巴细胞对培养条件的顺应性以及疾病病症或使用描述中的治疗模式的其他病症的性质和严重性等变量。然而,优选地,淋巴细胞:刺激细胞比率在约30:1至300:1的范围内。可以将效应/刺激培养物维持尽可能长的时间,以刺激治疗上可用的或有效的数目的CD8+细胞。
在体外诱导CTL需要特异性识别与在APC上的等位基因特异性MHC I类分子相结合的肽。每个APC的特异性MHC/肽复合物的数目对于刺激CTL,特别是在初次免疫应答中是关键的。虽然每个细胞少量的肽/MHC复合物足以使得细胞易于被CTL溶解或足以刺激再次CTL应答,但是在初次应答过程中成功激活CTL前体(pCTL)需要显著更高数目的MHC/肽复合物。细胞上的空载主要组织相容性复合物分子的肽装载允许诱导初次细胞毒性T淋巴细胞应答。
由于不是每个人类MHC等位基因都存在突变型细胞系,所以有利的是使用一种技术将内源MHC相关肽从APC的表面去除,随后用感兴趣的免疫原性肽装载所得空载MHC分子。将患者的未转化(非致瘤性)、未感染细胞,并且优选自体细胞用作APC对于设计针对离体CTL疗法的开发的CTL诱导方案而言是令人希望的。本申请披露了用于从APC的表面剥离内源MHC相关肽,随后装载希望的肽的方法。
一种稳定的MHC I类分子是由以下元件形成的三聚复合物:1)通常具有8-10个残基的肽,2)在其al和a2结构域中带有肽结合位点的跨膜多态蛋白质重链和3)非共价缔合的非多态轻链p2微球蛋白。从该复合物中去除结合的肽和/或分离出p2微球蛋白使得MHC I类分子丧失功能并且不稳定,从而导致快速降解。所有分离自PBMC的MHC I类分子都具有与其结合的内源肽。因此,在可以向它们加入外源肽之前,第一步是去除APC上结合至MHC I类分子的所有内源肽而不引起它们降解。
使MHC I类分子从结合肽中挪出的两种可能方式包括将培养温度从37℃降至26℃过夜以使p2微球蛋白不稳定,以及使用温和酸处理而从细胞上剥离内源肽。这些方法将先前结合的肽释放进细胞外环境中,从而允许新的外源肽结合至空载I类分子。该冷温孵育方法使得外源肽可以有效地结合至MHC复合物,但需要在26℃下孵育过夜,这可以减缓细胞的代谢率。还有可能的是,不主动合成MHC分子的细胞(例如,静止PBMC)通过该冷温程序将不产生大量的空载表面MHC分子。
生硬的酸剥离涉及用三氟乙酸(pH 2)提取肽,或者使免疫亲和纯化的I类-肽复合物酸变性。这些方法对CTL诱导是不可行的,因为重要的是去除内源肽,同时保持APC活力和最佳代谢状态,这对于抗原呈递是关键的。pH 3的温和酸溶液(如甘氨酸或柠檬酸盐-磷酸盐缓沖液)已被用来鉴定内源肽并被用来鉴定肿瘤相关T细胞表位。该处理是特别有效的,因为仅仅使MHC I类分子不稳定(并释放缔合的肽),而其他表面抗原(包括MHC II类分子)仍保持完整。最重要的是,用温和酸溶液处理细胞不影响细胞的活力或代谢状态。温和酸处理是快速的,因为在4℃下两分钟内便发生了内源肽的剥离,并且在装载适当的肽之后,APC可立即执行其功能。在此利用该技术来制备用于产生一级抗原特异性CTL的肽特异性APC。所得APC在诱导肽特异性CD8+CTL中是有效的。
可以使用多种已知方法之一将激活的CD8+细胞有效地与这些刺激细胞分离。例如,特异性针对刺激细胞、针对装载到刺激细胞上的肽或针对CD8+细胞(或其区段)的单克隆抗体可以用来结合适当的互补配体。然后可以经由适当的手段(例如,经由熟知的免疫沉淀或免疫测定方法)从刺激-效应细胞掺合物中提取出抗体标记的分子。
激活的CD8+细胞的有效、细胞毒性量可以在体外与体内使用之间变化,并且随作为这些杀伤细胞的最终靶标的细胞的量和类型变化。该量还可以取决于患者的病症而变化并且应该由从业者通过考虑所有适当因素加以确定。然而,优选地,与在小鼠中使用的约5X106-5X107和细胞相比,约1X106至约1X1012,更优选约1X108至约1X1011,并且甚至更优选约1X109至约1X1010个激活的CD8+细胞用于成年人。
优选地,如在此所讨论的,在将CD8+细胞向正在治疗的个体给予之前,从细胞培养物中收获激活的CD8+细胞。然而,重要的是要注意不像其他存在和提出的治疗模式,本方法使用非致瘤性的细胞培养系统。因此,如果未实现完全分离刺激细胞与激活的CD8+细胞,不存在已知与给予少量的刺激细胞相关的固有危险,而给予哺乳动物肿瘤促进细胞可能是极其危险的。
重新引入细胞组分的方法在本领域是已知的并且包括如示例于Honsik等人的美国专利号4,844,893和Rosenberg的美国专利号4,690,915中的那些程序。例如,经由静脉输注给予激活的CD8+细胞是适当的。
除非另外指明,本发明的实施采用完全处于本领域技术人员的见识范围之内的分子生物学(包含重组技术)、微生物学、细胞生物学、生物化学和免疫学的常规技术。此类技术在以下文献中加以充分解释,如“Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual[分子克隆实验手册]”,第二版(Sambrook,1989);“Oligonucleotide Synthesis[寡核苷酸合成]”(Gait,1984);“Animal Cell Culture[动物细胞培养]”(Freshney,1987);“Methods inEnzymology[酶学方法]”“Handbook of Experimental Immunology[实验免疫学手册]”(Wei,1996);“Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells[哺乳动物细胞用基因转移载体]”(Miller和Calos,1987);“Current Protocols in Molecular Biology[分子生物学实验指南]”(Ausubel,1987);“PCR:The Polymerase Chain Reaction[PCR:聚合酶链式反应]”,(Mullis,1994);“Current Protocols in Immunology[免疫学实验指南]”(Coligan,1991)。这些技术适用于本发明的多核苷酸和多肽的产生,并且按照这样,可以被考虑用于制备和实施本发明。对具体实施例特别有用的技术在下面的部分进行讨论。
治疗方法
本发明提供了在受试者体内诱导瘤形成/肿瘤特异性免疫应答、针对瘤形成/肿瘤进行免疫接种、治疗受试者的癌症和或缓解受试者的癌症症状的方法,这些方法是通过给予该受试者本发明的多种新抗原肽或组合物进行的。
根据本发明,在此描述的瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物可以用于已经被诊断患有癌症或处于患上癌症的风险之中的患者。
按足以诱导CTL应答的量给予本发明要求保护的组合。
另外的疗法
还可以将在此描述的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽和药物组合物以与另一种药剂(例如治疗剂)的联合疗法给予。在某些实施例中,另外的药剂可以是但不限于化学治疗剂、抗血管生成剂和减少免疫抑制的药剂。
可以在给予另外的药剂之前、过程中或之后给予瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物。在实施例中,可以在首次给予另外的药剂之前给予该瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物。在其他实施例中,在首次给予另外的治疗剂之后(例如,1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14天或更久)给予该瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物。在实施例中,可以与首次给予另外的治疗剂同时给予该瘤形成疫苗或免疫原性组合物。
该治疗剂是例如化学治疗剂或生物治疗剂、放射或免疫疗法。可以针对具体癌症给予任何适合的治疗性处理。化学治疗剂和生物治疗剂的实例包括但不限于血管生成抑制剂,如羟基血管抑制素K1-3、DL-α-二氟甲基-鸟氨酸、内皮抑素、烟曲霉素、染料木素、米诺环素、星孢素和沙利度胺;DNA嵌入剂/交联剂,如博来霉素、卡铂、卡莫司汀、苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、顺式-二氨二氯化铂(II)(顺铂)、美法仑、米托蒽醌和奥沙利铂;DNA合成抑制剂,如(±)-氨甲喋呤(甲氨蝶呤)、3-氨基-1,2,4-苯并三嗪1,4-二氧化物、氨基蝶呤、胞嘧啶β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷、5-氟-5'-脱氧尿苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、更昔洛韦、羟基脲和丝裂霉素C;DNA-RNA转录调节剂,如放线菌素D、柔红霉素、多柔比星、高三尖杉酯碱和伊达比星;酶抑制剂,如S(+)-喜树碱、姜黄素、(-)-鱼藤素、5,6-二氯苯并咪唑1-β-D-呋喃核糖苷、依托泊苷、福美司坦、福司曲星、硬毛素(Hispidin)、2-亚氨基-1-咪唑啉-二乙酸(环肌酸(Cyclocreatine))、洛伐他汀、曲古抑菌素A、酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂AG 34和酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂AG 879;基因调节剂,如5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷、5-氮杂胞苷、胆钙化醇(维生素D3)、4-羟基他莫昔芬、褪黑激素、米非司酮、雷洛昔芬、全反式视黄醛(维生素A醛)、视黄酸全反式(维生素A酸)、9-顺式-视黄酸、13-顺式-视黄酸、视黄醇(维生素A)、他莫昔芬和曲格列酮;微管抑制剂,如秋水仙碱、多西他赛、多拉司他汀15、诺考达唑、紫杉醇、鬼臼毒素、根霉素、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨(诺维本);以及未分类的治疗剂,如17-(烯丙基氨基)-17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素、4-氨基-1,8-萘酰亚胺、芹菜素、布雷菲德菌素A、西咪替丁、二氯亚甲基-二膦酸、亮丙立德(亮丙瑞林)、促黄体激素释放激素、皮斐松-α、雷帕霉素、性激素结合球蛋白、毒胡萝卜素和尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂片段(双库尼茨抑制剂)。治疗剂可以是六甲蜜胺、阿米福汀、天冬酰胺酶、卡培他滨、克拉屈滨、西沙必利、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪(DTIC)、更生霉素、屈大麻酚、依泊汀α、非格司亭、氟达拉滨、吉西他滨、格拉司琼、异环磷酰胺、伊立替康、兰索拉唑、左旋咪唑、甲酰四氢叶酸、甲地孕酮、美司钠、甲氧氯普胺、米托坦、奥美拉唑、昂丹司琼、匹鲁卡品、前氯哌嗪或盐酸托泊替康。治疗剂可以是单克隆抗体或小分子,如利妥昔单抗阿仑单抗贝伐单抗西妥昔单抗帕尼单抗和曲妥珠单抗威罗菲尼甲磺酸伊马替尼埃罗替尼吉非替尼维莫德吉(ErivedgeTM)、90Y-替伊莫单抗、131I-托西莫单抗、阿多-曲妥珠单抗恩他新、拉帕替尼帕妥珠单抗(PerjetaTM)、阿多-曲妥珠单抗恩他新(KadcylaTM)、瑞格菲尼舒尼替尼地舒单抗(索拉非尼帕唑帕尼阿昔替尼达沙替尼尼罗替尼波舒替尼奥法木单抗奥比珠单抗(obinutuzumab)(GazyvaTM)、依罗替尼(ImbruvicaTM)、艾代拉里斯克唑替尼埃罗替尼阿法替尼二马来酸盐赛尼替尼(LDK378/Zykadia)、托西莫单抗和131I-托西莫单抗替伊莫单抗布妥昔单抗(brentuximabvedotin)硼替佐米司妥昔单抗(SylvantTM)、曲美替尼达拉菲尼派姆单抗卡非佐米雷莫芦单抗(CyramzaTM)、卡博替尼(CometriqTM)、凡德他尼任选地,治疗剂是新抗原。治疗剂可以是细胞因子,如干扰素(INF)、白细胞介素(IL)或造血生长因子。治疗剂可以是INF-α、IL-2、阿地白介素、IL-2、促红细胞生成素、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)或粒细胞集落刺激因子。治疗剂可以是靶向疗法,如托瑞米芬氟维司群阿那曲唑依西美坦来曲唑ziv-阿柏西普阿利维A酸坦罗莫司维生素A酸地尼白介素迪夫托斯伏立诺他罗米地新贝沙罗汀普拉曲沙来那度胺贝林司他(BeleodaqTM)、来那度胺泊马度胺卡巴他塞恩杂鲁胺乙酸阿比特龙二氯镭223或依维莫司此外,治疗剂可以是表观遗传靶向药物,如HDAC抑制剂、激酶抑制剂、DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂、组蛋白脱甲基酶抑制剂或组蛋白甲基化抑制剂。表观遗传学药物可以是阿扎胞苷(Vidaza)、地西他滨(Dacogen)、伏立诺他(Zolinza)、罗米地辛(Istodax)或鲁索利替尼(Jakafi)。对于前列腺癌治疗,可以与抗CTLA-4组合的优选化学治疗剂是紫杉醇(TAXOL)。
在某些实施例中,该一种或多种另外的药剂是一种或多种抗糖皮质激素诱导的肿瘤坏死因子家族受体(GITR)激动性抗体。GITR是T淋巴细胞的共刺激分子,调节先天性和适应性免疫系统,并被发现参与多个免疫应答和炎症过程。最初,从地塞米松处理的鼠T细胞杂交瘤克隆后,Nocentini等人描述了GITR(Nocentini等人Proc Natl Acad Sci USA[美国科学院院刊]94:6216–6221.1997)。与CD28和CTLA-4不同,GITR在初试CD4+和CD8+ T细胞上具有非常低的基础表达(Ronchetti等人Eur J Immunol[欧洲免疫学杂志]34:613–622.2004)。GITR刺激在体外具有免疫刺激作用并诱导体内自身免疫的观察提示了触发此途径的抗肿瘤效力的研究。Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy[癌症免疫学与免疫疗法]中可以找到Modulation Of Ctla 4 And Gitr For Cancer Immunotherapy[调节Ctla4和Gitr用于癌症免疫疗法]的综述(Avogadri等人Current Topics in Microbiology andImmunology[微生物学和免疫学的当前话题]344.2011)。可以有助于减轻免疫抑制的其他药剂包括靶向CD28/CTLA4Ig超家族的另一成员(如BTLA、LAG3、ICOS、PDL1或KIR)的检查点抑制剂(Page等人,Annual Review of Medicine[医学年鉴]65:27(2014))。在另外的其他实施例中,该检查点抑制剂是靶向TNFR超家族的一个成员,例如CD40、OX40、CD137、GITR、CD27或TIM-3。在某些情况下,靶向检查点抑制剂是用抑制性抗体或类似分子来完成的。在其他情况下,它是用针对该靶标的激动剂完成的;这一类的实例包括刺激性靶标OX40和GITR。
在某些实施例中,该一种或多种另外的药剂是协同的,因为它们在治疗后增加免疫原性。在一个实施例中,这些另外的药剂允许较低毒性和/或较低不适,其归因于较低剂量的这些另外的治疗剂或在此描述的联合疗法的任何组分。在另一个实施例中,这些另外的药剂导致更长寿命,其归因于在此描述的联合疗法的有效性增加。已经综述了增强患者中免疫应答的化学治疗方法(Zitvogel等人,Immunological aspects of cancerchemotherapy[癌症化学治疗的免疫学方面].NatRev Immunol.2008Jan[自然免疫学综述,2008年1月];8(1):59-73)。另外,化学治疗剂可以安全地与免疫疗法一起给予而不抑制疫苗特异性T细胞应答(Perez等人,A new era in anticancer peptide vaccines[抗癌肽疫苗的新纪元].Cancer May 2010[癌症,2010年5月])。在一个实施例中,给予另外的药剂以增加在此描述的疗法的功效。在一个实施例中,该另外的药剂是化学疗法治疗。在一个实施例中,低剂量的化学疗法增强了迟发型超敏(DTH)反应。在一个实施例中,该化学治疗剂靶向调节性T细胞。在一个实施例中,环磷酰胺是该治疗剂。在一个实施例中,环磷酰胺是在疫苗接种之前给予。在一个实施例中,环磷酰胺是在疫苗接种前作为单一剂量给予(Walter等人,Multipeptide immune response to cancer vaccine IMA901 after single-dosecyclophosphamide associates with longer patient survival[在单剂量环磷酰胺后对癌症疫苗IMA901的多肽免疫应答与患者存活较长时间相关].Nature Medicine[自然医学];18:8 2012)。在另一个实施例中,根据节律程序给予环磷酰胺,其中每日剂量给予一个月(Ghiringhelli等人,Metronomic cyclophosphamide regimen selectively depletesCD4+CD25+regulatory T cells and restores T and NK effector functions in endstage cancer patients[节律性环磷酰胺方案选择性地耗减CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞并恢复末期癌症患者的T和NK效应子功能].Cancer Immunol Immunother[癌症免疫学与免疫疗法]2007 56:641–648)。在另一个实施例中,紫杉烷类是在疫苗接种前给予以增强T细胞和NK细胞功能(Zitvogel等人,2008)。在另一个实施例中,低剂量的化学治疗剂与在此描述的疗法一起给予。在一个实施例中,化学治疗剂是雌莫司汀。在一个实施例中,癌症是耐受激素的前列腺癌。通过单独接种个性化疫苗接种,在8.7%的晚期激素难治性前列腺癌患者中看到血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)下降≥50%,而当个性化疫苗接种联合低剂量雌莫司汀时,在54%的患者中看到这种降低(Itoh等人,Personalized peptide vaccines:A newtherapeutic modality for cancer[个性化肽疫苗:癌症的新治疗模式].CancerSci[癌症科学]2006;97:970–976)。在另一个实施例中,糖皮质激素是与在此描述的疗法一起或在其之前给予(Zitvogel等人,2008)。在另一个实施例中,糖皮质激素是在在此描述的疗法之后给予。在另一个实施例中,吉西他滨是在在此描述的疗法之前、同时或之后给予以增强肿瘤特异性CTL前体的频率(Zitvogel等人,2008)。在另一个实施例中,5-氟尿嘧啶是与在此描述的疗法一起给予,因为在基于肽的疫苗中观察到协同作用(Zitvogel等人,2008)。在另一个实施例中,使用Braf抑制剂如威罗菲尼作为另外的药剂。BRAF抑制已显示在经治疗的患者的肿瘤中与黑色素瘤抗原表达和T细胞浸润的增加以及免疫抑制细胞因子的减少相关(Frederick等人,BRAF inhibition is associated with enhanced melanoma antigenexpression and a more favorable tumor microenvironment in patients withmetastatic melanoma[BRAF抑制与患有转移性黑色素瘤的患者中增强的黑色素瘤抗原表达和更有利的肿瘤微环境相关].Clin Cancer Res.[临床癌症研究]2013;19:1225-1231)。在另一个实施例中,使用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂作为另外的药剂。在一个实施例中,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂是在用在此描述的疗法进行疫苗接种之前使用。在一个实施例中,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂是与在此描述的疗法同时使用。在另一个实施例中,使用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂来产生更多的免疫允许环境。在另一个实施例中,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂是舒尼替尼或甲磺酸伊马替尼。之前已经显示,持续每日给予舒尼替尼和重组疫苗的连续给药可实现有利的结果(Farsaci等人,Consequence of dose scheduling of sunitinib on host immune responseelements and vaccine combination therapy[舒尼替尼对宿主免疫应答元件的剂量安排结果和疫苗联合疗法].Int J Cancer[国际癌症期刊];130:1948-1959)。使用50mg/天的每日剂量,舒尼替尼也显示逆转1型免疫抑制(Finke等人,Sunitinib Reverses Type-1Immune Suppression and Decreases T-Regulatory Cells in Renal Cell CarcinomaPatients[舒尼替尼逆转1型免疫抑制并减少肾细胞癌患者的T调节细胞].Clin CancerRes[临床癌症研究]2008;14(20))。在另一个实施例中,靶向疗法与在此描述的疗法组合给予。之前已经描述了靶向疗法的剂量(Alvarez,Present and future evolution ofadvanced breast cancer therapy[晚期乳腺癌疗法的现在和未来进展].Breast CancerResearch 2010,12(Suppl 2):S1[乳腺癌研究2010,12(增刊2):S1])。在另一个实施例中,替莫唑胺与在此描述的疗法一起给予。在一个实施例中,替莫唑胺以200mg/天给予5天,每隔三周给予与在此描述的疗法的联合疗法。已经显示类似策略的结果具有低毒性(Kyte等人,Telomerase Peptide Vaccination Combined with Temozolomide:A Clinical Trialin Stage IV Melanoma Patients[端粒末端转移酶接种联合替莫唑胺:IV期黑色素瘤患者的临床试验].Clin Cancer Res[临床癌症研究];17(13)2011)。在另一个实施例中,该疗法与导致淋巴细胞减少的另外的治疗剂一起给予。在一个实施例中,该另外的药剂是替莫唑胺。在这些条件下,仍然可以诱导免疫应答(Sampson等人,Greater chemotherapy-inducedlymphopenia enhances tumor-specific immune responses that eliminate EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells in patients with glioblastoma[更大的化学治疗诱发的淋巴细胞瘤增强了肿瘤特异性免疫应答,消除了胶质母细胞瘤患者的表达EGFRvIII的肿瘤细胞].Neuro-Oncology[神经肿瘤学]13(3):324–333,2011)。
对其有需要的患者可以接受使用肿瘤特异性肽的混合物进行的一系列初免接种。另外,经4周时期,初免之后可以在维持阶段进行两次加强。皮下递送所有疫苗接种。将评价该疫苗或免疫原性组合物在患者体内的安全性、耐受性、免疫应答和临床效果以及产生疫苗或免疫原性组合物和在适当的时间框内成功地启动疫苗接种的可行性。第一同期组群可以由5个患者组成,并且在充分证明安全性之后,可以募集具有10个患者的另外的同期组群。广泛地监测外周血的肽特异性T-细胞应答并且对患者随访长达两年,以评估疾病复发。
给予与护理标准一致的联合疗法
在另一个方面中,在此描述的疗法提供了选择合适的点以关于有需要的患者的正治疗的癌症来给予联合疗法并在其护理标准内。在此描述的研究显示,在护理标准内,可以有效给予包括手术、放射或化学疗法的联合疗法。国家癌症研究所网站(www.cancer.gov/cancertopics)上可以找到最常见癌症的护理标准。护理标准是作为某个类型的疾病的适当的治疗被医学专家认可的、并被医疗保健专业人员广泛使用的当前治疗。护理标准也称为最佳实践、标准医疗护理和标准疗法。癌症护理标准一般包括手术、淋巴结清除、放射、化学疗法、靶向疗法、靶向肿瘤的抗体和免疫疗法。免疫疗法可以包括检查点阻断剂(CBP)、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)和过继性T细胞疗法。在此描述的联合疗法可以被并入护理标准之内。在此描述的联合疗法还可以在护理标准因药物进步而变化的情况下给予。
在此描述的联合疗法的并入可以取决于护理标准中可导致免疫系统激活的治疗步骤。在此已经描述了可以与联合疗法协同激活和起作用的治疗步骤。该疗法可以有利地在激活免疫系统的治疗同时或之后给予。
在此描述的联合疗法的并入可以取决于护理标准中引起免疫系统被抑制的治疗步骤。这些治疗步骤可以包括照射,高剂量的烷化剂和/或甲氨蝶呤,类固醇如糖甾类,手术如去除淋巴结,甲磺酸伊马替尼,高剂量的TNF和紫杉烷类(Zitvogel等人,2008)。该联合疗法可以在这些步骤之前给予,或者可以在之后给予。
在一个实施例中,可以在骨髓移植和外周血干细胞移植之后给予该联合疗法。骨髓移植和外周血干细胞移植是恢复被高剂量化学疗法和/或放射疗法破坏的干细胞的程序。用高剂量的抗癌药物和/或放射治疗后,患者接受收获的干细胞,它们进入骨髓并开始产生新的血细胞。“微移植”使用毒性较低的较低剂量的化学疗法和/或放射来为患者准备进行移植。“串联移植”涉及高剂量化学疗法和干细胞移植的两个连续过程。在自体移植中,患者接受其自身的干细胞。在同基因移植中,患者接受来自其同卵双生的干细胞。在同种异体移植中,患者接受来自其兄弟、姐妹或父母的干细胞。也可以使用与患者无关的人员(无关的供者)。在某些类型的白血病中,同种异体BMT和PBSCT后发生的移植物抗肿瘤(GVT)效应对于治疗的有效性至关重要。GVT发生在来自供者的白细胞(移植物)将化学疗法和/或放射疗法后留在患者体内的癌细胞(肿瘤)鉴定为外源物并攻击它们时。具有在此描述的联合疗法的免疫疗法可以通过在移植后接种疫苗来利用这一点。另外,转移的细胞可以在移植之前与在此描述的联合疗法的新抗原一起呈递。
在一个实施例中,将该联合疗法给予需要手术的对其有需要的癌症患者。在一个实施例中,在如下的癌症中,将在此描述的联合疗法给予对其有需要的患者,在所述癌症中护理标准主要是手术,随后进行治疗以除去可能的微转移,如乳腺癌。乳腺癌通常基于癌症的阶段和等级通过手术、放射疗法、化学疗法和激素疗法的各种组合来治疗。乳腺癌辅助疗法是在主要疗法后给予的任何治疗,以增加长期生存的机会。新辅助疗法是在主要疗法前给予的治疗。乳腺癌辅助疗法是在主要疗法后给予的任何治疗,以增加长期无病生存的机会。主要疗法是用于减少或消除癌症的主要治疗。乳腺癌的主要疗法通常包括手术、乳房切除术(切除乳房)或肿块切除术(手术切除肿瘤及其周围的少量正常组织;一个类型的保乳手术)。在任何一个类型的手术过程中,一个或多个附近的淋巴结也被去除,以查看癌细胞是否已经扩散到淋巴系统。当一名妇女进行保乳手术时,主要疗法几乎总是包括放射疗法。即使在早期乳腺癌中,细胞也可以脱离原发性肿瘤并扩散到身体的其他部位(转移)。因此,医生给予辅助疗法来杀死任何可能已经扩散的癌细胞,即使它们不能通过成像或实验室测试检测到。
在一个实施例中,该联合疗法是在与原位导管癌(DCIS)的护理标准一致的情况下给予。这种乳腺癌类型的护理标准是:
1.有或无他莫昔芬的保乳手术和放射疗法。
2.有或无他莫昔芬的全乳切除术。
3.无放射疗法的保乳手术。
该联合疗法可以在保乳手术或全乳切除术之前给予,以在手术之前使肿瘤收缩。在另一个实施例中,该联合疗法可作为辅助疗法给予以除去任何剩余的癌细胞。在另一个实施例中,用在此描述的联合疗法治疗被诊断为具有I、II、IIIA期和可手术的IIIC期乳腺癌的患者。这种乳腺癌类型的护理标准是:
1.局部区域治疗:
保乳疗法(肿块切除术、乳房放射和腋部手术分期)。
伴或不伴乳房重建的改良式根治性乳房切除术(用I-II级腋部解剖去除整个乳房)。
前哨淋巴结活检。
2.在腋部淋巴结阳性肿瘤中乳房切除术后的辅助放射疗法:
对于1-3个淋巴结:区域放射的作用不明(锁骨下淋巴结/锁骨上淋巴结、内乳淋巴结、腋部淋巴结和胸壁)。
对于超过四个结节或结外牵连:建议区域放射。
3.辅助系统疗法
在一个实施例中,该联合疗法作为新辅助疗法给予以使肿瘤收缩。在另一个实施例中,该组合作为辅助系统疗法给予。
在另一个实施例中,用在此描述的联合疗法对诊断为不能手术的IIIB或IIIC期或炎性乳腺癌的患者进行治疗。这种乳腺癌类型的护理标准是:
1.以治愈意图提供的多模疗法是临床IIIB期患者的护理标准。
2.初始手术一般限于活检以允许确定组织学、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)水平以及人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2/neu)过度表达。用基于蒽环霉素的化学疗法和/或基于紫杉烷的疗法进行的初步治疗是标准的。对于对新辅助化学疗法有反应的患者,局部疗法可由以下各项组成:全乳切除术和腋部淋巴结解剖,随后对胸壁和局部淋巴管进行术后放射疗法。可以考虑对新辅助化学疗法具有部分或完全良好反应的患者进行保乳疗法。随后的系统疗法可以由进一步的化学疗法组成。应该对肿瘤ER阳性或未知的患者进行激素疗法。所有患者都应被认为是临床试验的候选人,以评价其中最合适的方式来管理多模方案的各个组成部分。
在一个实施例中,该联合疗法作为多模方案的各个组成部分的一部分给予。在另一个实施例中,该联合疗法在多模方案之前、与其同时或之后给予。在另一个实施例中,该联合疗法是基于这些模式之间的协同作用给予。在另一个实施例中,该联合疗法在用基于蒽环霉素的化学疗法和/或基于紫杉烷的疗法治疗后给予(Zitvogel等人,2008)。给予该联合疗法后进行的治疗可能负面影响分裂效应T细胞。该联合疗法也可以在放射后给予。
在另一个实施例中,在此描述的联合疗法用于如下癌症的治疗,其中护理标准主要不是手术并且主要基于系统治疗,如慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)。
在另一个实施例中,用在此描述的联合疗法治疗被诊断为I、II、III和IV期慢性淋巴细胞白血病的患者。这种癌症类型的护理标准是:
1.在无症状或受轻微影响的患者中观察
2.利妥昔单抗
3.奥法木单抗
4.口服烷化剂(含或不含皮质类固醇)
5.氟达拉滨,2-氯脱氧腺苷或喷司他丁
6.苯达莫司汀
7.来那度胺
8.联合化学疗法。
联合化学疗法方案包括以下项:
ο氟达拉滨加环磷酰胺加利妥昔单抗。
ο氟达拉滨加利妥昔单抗,如CLB-9712和CLB-9011试验中所见。
ο氟达拉滨加环磷酰胺与氟达拉滨加环磷酰胺加利妥昔单抗。
ο喷司他丁加环磷酰胺加利妥昔单抗,例如,如在MAYO-MC0183试验中所见。
ο奥法木单抗加氟达拉滨加环磷酰胺。
οCVP:环磷酰胺加长春新碱加泼尼松。
οCHOP:环磷酰胺加多柔比星加长春新碱加泼尼松。
ο氟达拉滨加环磷酰胺对比氟达拉滨,例如,如在E2997试验[NCT00003764]和LRF-CLL4试验中所见。
ο氟达拉滨加苯丁酸氮芥,例如,如在CLB-9011试验中所见。
9.累及野的放射疗法。
10.阿仑单抗
11.骨髓和外周血干细胞移植正在进行临床评价。
12.依罗替尼
在一个实施例中,该联合疗法在用利妥昔单抗或奥法木单抗治疗之前、与其同时或之后给予。由于这些是靶向B细胞的单克隆抗体,用该联合疗法进行的治疗可以是协同的。在另一个实施例中,该联合疗法是在口服烷化剂(有或无皮质类固醇)和氟达拉滨、2-氯脱氧腺苷或喷司他丁治疗后给予,因为如果之前给予,这些治疗可能负面影响免疫系统。在一个实施例中,基于在此描述的前列腺癌的结果,苯达莫司汀以低剂量与该联合疗法一起给予。在一个实施例中,该联合疗法在用苯达莫司汀治疗后给予。
在另一个实施例中,靶向包括细胞外结构域的基因中的特定频发突变的疗法用于治疗患有癌症的对其有需要的患者。有利地,这些基因可以是良好表达的基因。良好表达的可以以“转录物/百万”(TPM)表达。大于100的TPM被认为是良好表达的。良好表达的基因可以是FGFR3、ERBB3、EGFR、MUC4、PDGFRA、MMP12、TMEM52和PODXL。这些疗法可以是能够结合细胞外新抗原表位的配体。此类配体在本领域中是公知的,并且可以包括治疗性抗体或其片段、抗体-药物缀合物、工程化T细胞或适配体。工程化T细胞可以是嵌合抗原受体(CAR)。抗体可以是完全人源化的、人源化的或嵌合的。该抗体片段可以是纳米抗体、Fab、Fab'、(Fab')2、Fv、ScFv、双体抗体、三体抗体、四体抗体、双-scFv、迷你抗体、Fab2、或Fab3片段。可以使用本领域已知的方法针对肿瘤特异性新表位开发抗体。
过继性细胞转移(ACT)
本发明的方面涉及特异性针对所选抗原(例如肿瘤相关抗原)的免疫系统细胞如T细胞的过继性转移(参见Maus等人,2014,Adoptive Immunotherapy for Cancer orViruses,Annual Review of Immunology,Vol.32[用于癌症或病毒的过继性免疫疗法,免疫学年度评论,第32卷]:189-225;Rosenberg和Restifo,2015,Adoptive cell transferas personalized immunotherapy for human cancer,Science Vol.348 no.6230 pp.62-68[作为用于人类癌症的个性化免疫疗法的过继性细胞转移,[科学]第348卷,第6230期,第62-68页];Restifo等人,2015,Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer:harnessing the Tcell response[过继性免疫疗法用于癌症:利用T细胞应答].Nat.Rev.Immunol.[自然评论免疫学]12(4):269-281;以及Jenson和Riddell,2014,Design and implementation ofadoptive therapy with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells[设计和实施采用嵌合抗原受体修饰的T细胞进行的过继性治疗].Immunol Rev.[免疫学评论]257(1):127–144)。各种策略可以例如用于通过改变T细胞受体(TCR)的特异性来对T细胞进行基因修饰,例如通过引入具有选择的肽特异性的新TCRα和β链(参见美国专利号8,697,854;PCT专利公开案:WO 2003020763、WO 2004033685、WO 2004044004、WO 2005114215、WO2006000830、WO 2008038002、WO 2008039818、WO 2004074322、WO 2005113595、WO2006125962、WO 2013166321、WO 2013039889、WO 2014018863、WO 2014083173;美国专利号8,088,379)。
作为TCR修饰的替代方案或添加方案,可以使用嵌合抗原受体(CAR)以产生特异性针对所选靶标如恶性细胞的免疫反应性细胞,例如T细胞,其中广泛的受体嵌合构建体已经被描述(参见美国专利号5,843,728;5,851,828;5,912,170;6,004,811;6,284,240;6,392,013;6,410,014;6,753,162;8,211,422;以及PCT公开案WO 9215322)。可替代的CAR构建体可以被表征为属于连续世代。第一代CAR典型地由通过柔性接头例如通过CD8α铰链结构域和CD8α跨膜结构域连接到CD3ζ或FcRγ的跨膜和细胞内信号传导结构域上的特异性针对抗原的抗体的单链可变片段(例如包含与特异性抗体的VH相连的VL)组成(scFv-CD3ζ或scFv-FcRγ;参见美国专利号7,741,465;美国专利号5,912,172;美国专利号5,906,936)。第二代CAR结合了在胞内结构域内的一种或多种共刺激分子例如CD28、OX40(CD134)、或4-1BB(CD137)的细胞内结构域(例如scFv-CD28/OX40/4-1BB-CD3ζ;参见美国专利号8,911,993;8,916,381;8,975,071;9,101,584;9,102,760;9,102,761)。第三代CAR包括共刺激性胞内结构域例如CD3ζ-链、CD97、GDI la-CD18、CD2、ICOS、CD27、CD154、CDS、OX40、4-1BB、或CD28信号传导构域的组合(例如scFv-CD28-4-1BB-CD3ζ或scFv-CD28-OX40-CD3ζ;参见美国专利号8,906,682;美国专利号8,399,645;美国专利号5,686,281;PCT公开号WO 2014134165;PCT公开号WO 2012079000)。可替代地,共刺激可以通过在抗原特异性T细胞中表达CAR来安排,所述抗原特异性T细胞被选择为在伴随的共刺激下,在其天然αβTCR例如由专业抗原呈递细胞上的抗原接合后被激活并且扩增。此外,另外的工程化受体可以提供在免疫反应性细胞上,例如以改进T细胞攻击的靶向和/或最小化副作用。
可以使用替代性技术来转化靶免疫反应性细胞,例如原生质体融合、脂转染、转染或电穿孔。可以使用宽范围的载体,例如逆转录病毒载体、慢病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体、质粒或转座子,例如睡美人转座子(参见美国专利号6,489,458;7,148,203;7,160,682;7,985,739;8,227,432),可以用于引入CAR,例如使用通过CD3ζ以及CD28或CD137的第二代抗原特异性CAR信号传导。病毒载体可以例如包括基于HIV、SV40、EBV、HSV或BPV的载体。
靶向的用于转化的细胞可以例如包括T细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)、调节性T细胞、人类胚胎干细胞、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)或可以分化出淋巴样细胞的多能干细胞。表达希望的CAR的T细胞可以例如通过与γ-照射的激活和繁殖细胞(AaPC)的共培养来选择,它们共表达癌症抗原和共刺激性分子。可以例如通过在可溶性因子例如IL-2和IL-21的存在下,在AaPC上共培养来扩增这些工程化的CAR T细胞。可以例如进行该扩增以提供记忆CAR+ T细胞(其可以例如通过非酶数字阵列和/或多-面板流式细胞术来测定)。以此方式,CAR T细胞可以被提供为具有针对带有抗原的肿瘤的特定细胞毒性活性(任选地连同产生所希望的趋化因子例如干扰素-γ)。这种CAR T细胞可以例如用于动物模型中,例如以治疗肿瘤异种移植物。
多种方法(例如前述的)可以适于提供对患有疾病(例如瘤形成,例如通过给予有效量的含有抗原识别受体的免疫反应性细胞,该抗原识别受体结合所选抗原)的受试者进行治疗和/或增加存活的方法,其中该结合激活免疫反应性细胞,由此治疗或预防该疾病(例如瘤形成、病原体感染、自身免疫性障碍、或异体移植反应)。
在一个实施例中,该治疗可以给予到经历免疫抑制治疗的患者中。这些细胞或细胞群体,可以被制成由于对这种免疫抑制剂的受体进行编码的基因的失活而耐受至少一种免疫抑制剂。不受理论的束缚,免疫抑制治疗应有助于选择和扩增在患者内的根据本发明的免疫反应性细胞或T细胞。
给予根据本发明的细胞或细胞群体可以按任何便利方式来进行,包括通过雾化吸入、注射、摄取、输注、植入或移植。这些细胞或细胞群体可以皮下、皮内、瘤内、节内、髓内、肌内、通过静脉内或淋巴管注射、或腹膜内给予至患者。在一个实施例中,本发明的细胞组合物优选是通过静脉注射给予。
给予细胞或细胞群体可以由给予104-109个细胞/kg体重组成,优选105至106个细胞/kg体重,包括在那些范围内的细胞数目的所有整数值。在CAR T细胞疗法中的给予可以例如涉及给予从106至109个细胞/kg,具有或不具有例如采用环磷酰胺的淋巴耗减历程。这些细胞或细胞群体可以按一个或多个剂量给予。在另一个实施例中,有效量的细胞是作为单一剂量给予。在另一个实施例中,有效量的细胞是在一段时间内作为多于一个剂量给予。给予的时间安排是在管理医师的判断内,并且取决于患者的临床病况。这些细胞或细胞群体可以从任何来源如血库或供体获得。虽然个体需要不同,针对具体疾病或病况确定给定细胞类型的有效量的最佳范围是在本领域技术人员的技术内。有效量意指提供治疗或预防益处的量。给予的剂量将取决于接受者的年龄、健康和体重、并行治疗(如果有的话)的种类、治疗频率和所希望的作用的性质。
在另一个实施例中,肠胃外给予有效量的细胞或包含那些细胞的组合物。该给予可以是静脉内给予。该给予可以是直接通过在肿瘤内注射来进行。
为了避免可能的不良反应,工程化的免疫反应性细胞可以配备有转基因安全性开关,该开关处于使得细胞易于暴露于特异性信号的转基因形式。例如,单纯性疱疹病毒胸苷激酶(TK)基因可以按此方式使用,例如通过在干细胞移植后引入到用作供体淋巴细胞输注物的异体T淋巴细胞中(Greco等人,Improving the safety of cell therapy with theTK-suicide gene[用TK-自杀基因改进细胞疗法的安全性].Front.Pharmacol.[药理学前沿]2015;6:95)。在此类细胞中,给予核苷前药例如更昔洛韦或阿昔洛韦引起细胞死亡。可替代的安全性开关构建体包括可诱导的半胱天冬酶9,例如通过给予将两个非功能性icasp9分子置于一起而形成活性酶的小分子二聚物触发。已经描述了各种实施细胞增殖控制的替代途径(参见美国专利公开号20130071414;PCT专利公开案WO 2011146862;PCT专利公开案WO 2014011987;PCT专利公开案WO 2013040371;Zhou等人,BLOOD[血液],2014,123/25:3895–3905;Di Stasi等人,The New England Journal of Medicine[新英格兰生物医学杂志]2011;365:1673-1683;Sadelain M等人,The New England Journal of Medicine[新英格兰生物医学杂志]2011;365:1735-173;Ramos等人,Stem Cells[干细胞]28(6):1107-15(2010))。
在过继性疗法的另一个细化方面,基因组编辑可以用于针对例如提供经编辑CART细胞的可替代实施而定制免疫反应性细胞,(参见Poirot等人,2015,Multiplex genomeedited T-cell manufacturing platform for"off-the-shelf"adoptive T-cellimmunotherapies,Cancer Res[多元基因组编辑的T细胞生产平台用于“现成的”过继性T细胞免疫疗法,癌症研究]75(18):3853)。细胞可以使用任何DNA靶向蛋白进行编辑,包括但不限于本领域已知的CRISPR系统、锌指结合蛋白、TALE或TALEN。可以通过本领域已知的任何方法将DNA靶向蛋白递送至免疫细胞。在优选实施例中,将细胞进行离体编辑,并且转移到对其有需要的受试者中。可以编辑免疫反应性细胞、CAR T细胞或任何用于过继性细胞转移的细胞。可以进行编辑以消除潜在的同种反应性T-细胞受体(TCR),破坏化学治疗剂的靶标,阻断免疫检查点,激活T细胞,和/或增加功能上消耗的或功能失调的CD8+ T-细胞的分化和/或增殖(参见PCT专利公开案WO 2013176915、WO 2014059173、WO 2014172606、WO2014184744、和WO 2014191128)。编辑可以导致基因的失活。
使基因失活意为感兴趣的基因不是以功能蛋白形式表达。在一个具体实施例中,该CRISPR系统特异性地催化一个靶向的基因中的切割,从而使所述靶向的基因失活。引起的核酸链断裂通常是通过同源重组或非同源末端连接(NHEJ)的不同机制修复的。然而,NHEJ是通常导致在切割位点处DNA序列的变化的非完美修复过程。经由非同源末端连接(NHEJ)的修复经常导致小的插入或缺失(indel),并且可以用于创建特异性基因敲除。其中已经发生切割诱导的诱变事件的细胞可以通过本领域中熟知的方法鉴定和/或选择。
T细胞受体(TCR)是响应于抗原呈递参与T细胞活化的细胞表面受体。TCR总体上由两个链(α和β)构成,它们组装以形成异二聚体,并且与CD3-转导亚基缔合以形成存在于细胞表面上的T细胞受体复合物。TCR的α和β各链由免疫球蛋白样N-末端可变(V)区和恒定(C)区、疏水跨膜结构域、和短胞质区组成。至于免疫球蛋白分子,α和β链的可变区是通过V(D)J重组产生,在T细胞群体内创造了多种多样的抗原特异性。然而,相比于识别完整抗原的免疫球蛋白,由与MHC分子关联的经处理的肽片段激活T细胞,通过T细胞将额外维度引入抗原识别,称为MHC限制。通过T细胞受体识别在供体和受体之间的MHC差异导致T细胞增殖和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的潜在发展。TCRα或TCRβ的失活可以导致TCR从T细胞表面的清除,防止了同种异体抗原的识别并因此防止GVHD。然而,TCR破坏总体上导致清除CD3信号传导组分,并且改变进一步的T细胞扩增的方式。
异体细胞由宿主免疫系统快速地排斥。已经证明,存在于非照射的血液产品中的异体白细胞将持续不超过5至6天(Boni,Muranski等人2008Blood[血液]1;112(12):4746-54)。因此,为了防止异体细胞的排斥,宿主的免疫系统通常必须在一定程度上被抑制。然而,在过继性细胞转移的情况下,免疫抑制性药物的使用还对引入的治疗T细胞具有有害作用。因此,在这些情况下为了有效地使用过继性免疫疗法途径,所引入的细胞将需要对免疫抑制治疗具有抗性。因此,在一个具体实施例中,本发明进一步包括以下步骤:修饰T细胞以使它们对免疫抑制剂具有抗性,优选地通过使对免疫抑制剂的靶标进行编码的至少一个基因失活。免疫抑制剂是通过若干作用机制中的一个抑制免疫功能的试剂。免疫抑制剂可以是但不限于钙调磷酸酶抑制剂、雷帕霉素的靶标、白介素-2受体α-链阻断剂、肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶的抑制剂、二氢叶酸还原酶的抑制剂、皮质类固醇或免疫抑制性抗代谢物。本发明允许通过使T细胞中的免疫抑制剂的靶标失活而对T细胞赋予免疫抑制抗性,以用于免疫疗法。作为非限制性实例,免疫抑制剂的靶标可以是免疫抑制剂的受体,例如:CD52、糖皮质激素受体(GR)、FKBP家族基因成员和亲环蛋白家族基因成员。
免疫检查点是抑制通路,其减慢或终止免疫反应并预防来自免疫细胞的不受控活性的过度组织损害。在某些实施例中,靶向的免疫检查点是编程的死亡-1(PD-1或CD279)基因(PDCD1)。在其他实施例中,靶向的免疫检查点是细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞相关抗原(CTLA-4)。在另外的实施例中,靶向的免疫检查点是CD28和CTLA4Ig超家族的另一个成员,例如BTLA、LAG3、ICOS、PDL1或KIR。在另外的其他实施例中,靶向的免疫检查点是TNFR超家族的一个成员,例如CD40、OX40、CD137、GITR、CD27或TIM-3。
另外的免疫检查点包括含有Src同源性2结构域的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1(SHP-1)(Watson Ha等人,SHP-1:the next checkpoint target for cancer immunotherapy?[SHP-1:用于癌症免疫疗法的下一个检查点靶标?]Biochem Soc Trans.[生物化学学会汇刊]2016年4月15日;44(2):356-62)。SHP-1是广泛表达的抑制性蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTP)。在T-细胞中,它是抗原-依赖性活化和增殖的负调节物。它是胞质蛋白,并且因此不适合于抗体介导的疗法,但其在活化和增殖中的作用使得它成为对于以过继性转移策略(如嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞)进行的基因操纵有吸引力的靶标。免疫检查点还可以包括具有Ig和ITIM结构域的T细胞免疫受体(TIGIT/Vstm3/WUCAM/VSIG9)和VISTA(Le Mercier I等人,(2015)Beyond CTLA-4and PD-1,the generation Z of negative checkpointregulators[超越于CTLA-4和PD-1,负检查点调节物的Z代].Front.Immunol.[免疫学前沿]6:418)。
WO 2014172606涉及使用MT1和/或MT1抑制剂以增加消耗的CD8+ T细胞的增殖和/或活性,并且降低CD8+ T细胞消耗(例如,降低功能上消耗的或无响应的CD8+免疫细胞)。在某些实施例中,通过在过继性地转移的T细胞中进行基因编辑来靶向金属硫蛋白。
在某些实施例中,基因编辑的靶标可以是在免疫检查点蛋白的表达中涉及的至少一个靶向的座位。此类靶标可包括但不限于CTLA4、PPP2CA、PPP2CB、PTPN6、PTPN22、PDCD1、ICOS(CD278)、PDL1、KIR、LAG3、HAVCR2、BTLA、CD160、TIGIT、CD96、CRTAM、LAIR1、SIGLEC7、SIGLEC9、CD244(2B4)、TNFRSF10B、TNFRSF10A、CASP8、CASP10、CASP3、CASP6、CASP7、FADD、FAS、TGFBRII、TGFRBRI、SMAD2、SMAD3、SMAD4、SMAD10、SKI、SKIL、TGIF1、IL10RA、IL10RB、HMOX2、IL6R、IL6ST、EIF2AK4、CSK、PAG1、SIT1、FOXP3、PRDM1、BATF、VISTA、GUCY1A2、GUCY1A3、GUCY1B2、GUCY1B3、MT1、MT2、CD40、OX40、CD137、GITR、CD27、SHP-1或TIM-3。在优选实施例中,在PD-1或CTLA-4基因的表达中涉及的基因座位被靶向。在其他优选实施例中,基因的组合被靶向,例如但不限于PD-1和TIGIT。
在其他实施例中,编辑至少两个基因。基因对可以包括但不限于PD1和TCRα、PD1和TCRβ、CTLA-4和TCRα、CTLA-4和TCRβ、LAG3和TCRα、LAG3和TCRβ、Tim3和TCRα、Tim3和TCRβ、BTLA和TCRα、BTLA和TCRβ、BY55和TCRα、BY55和TCRβ、TIGIT和TCRα、TIGIT和TCRβ、B7H5和TCRα、B7H5和TCRβ、LAIR1和TCRα、LAIR1和TCRβ、SIGLEC10和TCRα、SIGLEC10和TCRβ、2B4和TCRα、2B4和TCRβ。
无论在T细胞的遗传修饰之前或之后,通常T细胞可以使用例如在以下文献中描述的方法活化和扩增:美国专利6,352,694;6,534,055;6,905,680;5,858,358;6,887,466;6,905,681;7,144,575;7,232,566;7,175,843;5,883,223;6,905,874;6,797,514;6,867,041;和7,572,631。可以体外或体内扩增T细胞。
选择最可能受益于该疗法的患者群体
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了选择最有可能受益于本发明的疗法的有需要的患者。尽管本发明的组合物和方法典型地适用于高比例的患有癌症的受试者,但该方法仍可包括从该患者群体中选择可能受益的患者的一个或多个步骤。例如,该方法可以包括选择肿瘤包含该组合物的新抗原肽中表现的一个或多个突变的受试者。在另一个实施例中,该方法可以包括选择具有至少一个HLA等位基因的受试者,该HLA等位基因与该组合物的新抗原肽中表现的一个或多个新表位结合。
疫苗或免疫原性组合物试剂盒和共包装
在一个方面中,本发明提供了以下试剂盒,这些试剂盒包含在此讨论的元件中的任何一个或多个,以便允许给予该疗法。元件可以单独地或组合地提供,并且可以被提供于任何适合的容器中,如小瓶、瓶子或管。在一些实施例中,该试剂盒包括一种或多种语言,例如多于一种语言的说明书。在一些实施例中,试剂盒包括一种或多种用于在利用在此描述的元件中的一种或多种的方法中使用的试剂。试剂可以被提供于任何适合的容器中。例如,试剂盒可以提供一种或多种递送或存储缓冲液。可以按在具体过程中可用的形式或按在使用之前需要添加一种或多种其他组分的形式(例如按浓缩或冻干形式)提供试剂。缓冲液可以是任何缓冲液,包括但不限于碳酸钠缓冲液、碳酸氢钠缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、Tris缓冲液、MOPS缓冲液、HEPES缓冲液及其组合。在一些实施例中,该缓冲液是碱性的。在一些实施例中,该缓冲液具有从约7至约10的pH。在一些实施例中,该试剂盒包括在此描述的载体中的一个或多个、在此描述的蛋白、和/或在此描述的多核苷酸中的一个或多个。该试剂盒可以有利地允许提供本发明的系统的所有元件。试剂盒可以涉及包含或编码待给予动物、哺乳动物、灵长类动物、啮齿类动物等的、用于1-50或更多个新抗原突变的一个或多个RNA的一种或多种载体和/或一种或多种粒子和/或一种或多种纳米粒子,其中这样一种试剂盒包括用于给予这样一种真核生物的说明书;并且这样的试剂盒可以任选地包括在此描述的任何抗癌剂。该试剂盒可以包括任何上述组分(例如载体和/或粒子和/或纳米粒子,含有或编码针对1-50或更多个新抗原突变、新抗原蛋白或肽的RNA)以及与本发明的任何方法一起使用的说明书。
在一个实施例中,试剂盒包含具有免疫原性组合物或疫苗的至少一个小瓶。在一个实施例中,试剂盒包含具有免疫原性组合物或疫苗的至少一个小瓶和具有抗癌剂的至少一个小瓶。在一个实施例中,试剂盒可以包括现成可用的组分,这些组分被混合并且准备好给予。在一个方面中,试剂盒包含现成可用的免疫原性或疫苗组合物和现成可用的抗癌剂。现成可用的免疫原性的或疫苗的组合物可以包括包含不同池的免疫原性组合物的分开的小瓶。免疫原性组合物可以包括包含病毒载体或DNA质粒的一个小瓶并且其他小瓶可以包括免疫原性蛋白。现成可用的抗癌剂可以包括抗癌剂的混合物或单一抗癌剂。分开的小瓶可以含有不同的抗癌剂。在另一个实施例中,试剂盒可以包含现成可用的抗癌剂和易于重构的形式的免疫原性组合物或疫苗。免疫原性的或疫苗的组合物可以被冷冻干燥或冻干。试剂盒可以包括具有重构缓冲液的分开的小瓶,该重构缓冲液可以被添加至冻干组合物,这样使得它准备好给予。缓冲液可以有利地包括根据本发明所述的佐剂或乳剂。在另一个实施例中,试剂盒可以包括现成的有待重构的抗癌剂和现成的有待重构的免疫原性组合物或疫苗。在这个方面中,两者都可以冻干。在这个方面中,试剂盒中可以包括用于每者的分开的重构缓冲液。缓冲液可以有利地包括根据本发明所述的佐剂或乳剂。在另一个实施中,试剂盒可以包括包含一起给予的一个剂量的免疫原性组合物和抗癌剂的单个小瓶。在另一个方面中,包括多个小瓶,这样使得根据治疗时间线给予一个小瓶。一个小瓶可只含有用于一个剂量的治疗的抗癌剂,另一个小瓶可含有用于另一剂量的治疗的抗癌剂和免疫原性组合物两者,并且一个小瓶可只含有用于又另一个剂量的免疫原性组合物。在一个另外方面中,为了将小瓶适当给予至对其有需要的患者,对这些小瓶进行标记。如在此描述的,任何实施例的免疫原或抗癌剂可以处于冻干的形式、干燥的形式、或在水溶液中。如在此描述的,免疫原可以是减毒活病毒、蛋白、或核酸。
在一个实施例中,该抗癌剂是增强免疫系统以增强该免疫原性组合物或疫苗的效力的一种。在一个优选的实施例中,该抗癌剂是检查点抑制剂。在另一个实施例中,该试剂盒包含沿着治疗计划以不同时间间隔给予的多个小瓶的免疫原性组合物和抗癌剂。在另一个实施例中,试剂盒可以包括分开的小瓶,这些小瓶用于两种免疫原性组合物,其中一种免疫原性组合物用于初免一个免疫应答,并且另一种免疫原性组合物用于加强。在一个方面中,初免免疫原性组合物可以是DNA的或病毒的载体,并且加强免疫原性组合物可以是蛋白。任一组合物可以被冻干或准备好给予。在另一个实施例中,含有至少一种抗癌剂的不同抗癌剂混合物被包括在不同的小瓶中以用于治疗计划中的给药。
尽管已经详细说明了本发明以及其优点,应当理解,在此可以做出不同的变化、替代和更改而不背离所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围。
本发明将在以下实例中进一步说明,这些实例仅出于说明目的给出并且不旨在以任何方式限制本发明。
实例
实例1
sPDL1跨多个HLA等位基因产生免疫原性表位。PDL1(CD274)是与T细胞上的PD1(CD279;PDCD1)相互作用并可参与多种形式的自然免疫抑制(如在妊娠期间)的跨膜蛋白。PDL1的表达也被肿瘤细胞用作逃避宿主免疫应答的一种方式。sPDL1是PDL1基因的替换剪接形式。这种替换剪接形式是由于外显子4末端缺少剪接,读入第4个内含子。转录物在内含子4内终止。在遇到终止密码子之前,翻译产物是在18个氨基酸的框内。
翻译的产物缺少PDL1中典型发现的跨膜结构域,并因此被分泌。它还含有从该内含子翻译的新ORF中的半胱氨酸,并且显现在介质中二聚化。该分泌形式显现阻断PDL1和PD1之间的结合。
申请人分析了含有由该内含子编码的新ORF区的9和10mer肽的预测的结合可能性。显示了针对预测的9mer肽的分析(表1)。以黄色突出显示的值是在所示群体中以>5%的频率存在的等位基因。值得注意的是,白种人群体中常见的HLA等位基因A0210被预测具有相当紧密的结合肽。类似的分析显示10mer肽也被预测具有潜在的免疫原性,包括针对A0201等位基因(85nM)。表达替换形式的PDL1信使的肿瘤细胞因此将被视为免疫系统的靶标。
这些肽可作为“共有的新抗原”跨越多个患者使用(如果患者预期具有一定概率含有相关的HLA等位基因,则为HLA限制的或更广泛的)。注意,鉴于sPDL1的新ORF区域尺寸相对较小,两个或三个长的重叠肽可以作为混合物使用,从而允许靶向任何HLA等位基因,甚至罕见的等位基因,并且减少了基于HLA类型为每个患者制备不同产品的需要。
此新ORF也可能含有CD4表位,尽管CD4表位的预测算法不是非常准确。CD4表位的存在可以在体外用初试T细胞或在患者样品中进行评估。
表1
实例2
雄激素受体跨多个HLA等位基因产生免疫原性表位。雄激素受体被鉴定为另一种替换剪接形式的信使,其导致可在肿瘤细胞中特异性表达的新ORF。替换剪接导致至少两种异构体,带来的隐蔽外显子是新ORF。
在这些替换转录物中,AR-V1和AR-V7在耐受激素的前列腺癌样品中一致地出现。
这些新ORF的免疫原性潜力是未知的,并且因此申请人跨多个常见的HLA等位基因进行了预测的结合分析。针对HLA A等位基因显示了这些(表2)。
表2
同样,对于sPDL1,许多肽被预测为免疫原性结合剂,并且这些肽可以跨大子组的患者应用。这些免疫原性肽可跨多个患者使用。
实例3
药物抗性突变。用各种化学治疗剂治疗,特别是用靶向疗法如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗,经常导致靶分子中抵抗治疗活性的新突变。正在评价克服这种抗性的多种策略,包括开发不受这些突变影响的第二代疗法,以及用多种药剂(包括在抗性突变下游起作用的那些)进行治疗。
申请人已经评价了由这些抗性突变产生的突变肽的免疫原性潜力,并且发现对于一些,产生了可以结合一系列HLA等位基因的预测免疫原性肽。下面提供了两个具体实例以及一系列抗性变体的数据。
BTK/C481S
针对依罗替尼(靶向布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶(BTK)并用于CLL和某些淋巴瘤的分子)的一种非常常见的突变是位置481处半胱氨酸至丝氨酸的变化。这种变化产生多种结合肽,其结合一系列HLA分子。
显示了9mer肽的结合预测结果。对于10mer肽可以发现相似的结合肽(表3)。仅包括突变体预测亲和力低于150nM的肽。将肽范围扩大到500nM也将显著增加HLA范围的数目。
表3
这样的肽免疫原优选预防性地(在检测抗性疾病之前)用于诱导能够杀死任何预先存在或新突变的细胞的免疫原性应答,或者也可以在疗法之后或期间检测疾病复发时使用。这些肽可跨多个患者使用(如果患者预期具有一定概率含有相关的HLA等位基因,则为HLA限制的或更广泛的)。
EGFR/T790M
靶向表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的酪氨酸激酶结构域的埃罗替尼常用于治疗肺癌,并且抗性肿瘤总是在疗法后发展。在抗性克隆中发现的常见突变是在位置790处的苏氨酸至甲硫氨酸的突变。这种变化产生多种结合肽,其结合一系列HLA分子(表4)。
表4
如在此陈述的,理想地,这样的肽免疫原预防性地(在检测抗性疾病之前)用于诱导能够杀死任何预先存在或新突变的细胞的免疫原性应答,或者也在疗法之后或期间检测疾病复发时使用。这些肽可跨多个患者使用(如果患者预期具有一定概率含有相关的HLA等位基因,则为HLA限制的或更广泛的)。
应注意,作为免疫原,含有突变氨基酸和突变氨基酸任一侧的至少10个氨基酸的仅单个长肽足以包含列出的所有表位。因此,所有显示的HLA等位基因,以及本分析中尚未显示的任何其他等位基因都将被覆盖。对于白种人群体,显示的HLA A等位基因代表等位基因的群体分布的17%,并且HLA B等位基因代表等位基因的群体分布的16%。由于每个个体都有两个HLA A等位基因和两个HLA B等位基因,所以大约50%的白种人患者预期会有所显示的至少一个等位基因,并且因此从用靶向这种分子的疫苗进行的免疫疗法中受益。这个基本原理也适用于在此讨论的任何其他单个氨基酸突变。
其他抗性变体
除了在此讨论的具体抗性案例外,还有许多其他观察到的针对靶向疗法的抗性突变。这些中每一种也用来定义免疫原性表位,这些免疫原性表位可以用作靶向含有这些抗性突变的那些细胞的免疫疗法的疫苗(表5)。
表5
这些实例中多个已被用于预测免疫原性表位。这些结果总结在表6中,其中对于每个抗性突变,针对多个人类HLA等位基因显示了每个突变的潜在结合肽(预测亲和力为<500nM)的数目。
表6
在所有上述实例中,只针对HLA等位基因子组显示了预测。这些通常是(但非排外地)每个种族群体中最丰富的等位基因。另外的等位基因容易预测。
而且,对于设计为用于攻击针对给定抗性突变的抗性变体的给定免疫,利用了多种各自靶向可出现的单独的可能抗性变体的肽来使最广泛的患者组受益。
实例4
癌症亚型特异性免疫原性组合物。表7显示了样品群体内发现的对于癌症亚型具有特异性的突变数目的数据总结。在每个疾病的数据集中发现的每个突变导致与如下33个HLA等位基因中的任何一个的至少一种预测结合物,这33个HLA等位基因是基于在三个种族群体(白种人、黑人、亚洲人)的任何一个的至少5%中发现的而选择。从由这些突变产生的多肽所衍生的新抗原肽的组合可用于免疫原性组合物中。基于来自所选择的突变的肽的数目,较大比例的患者可从该疫苗中受益。表7显示了每个癌症特异性数据集中的频发突变的数目。还显示了每个数据集中在选择频发突变时具有至少一个单一突变的受试者的百分比。例如,包括源自在此描述的64个频发突变的新抗原肽的针对SKCM的免疫原性组合物覆盖了此群体中90.91%的患者,由此每个受试者将包含这些新抗原突变中的至少一个。
表7
表8显示了每个癌症亚型的特异性频发突变,以及每个突变产生的肽和侧翼肽,该侧翼肽包括肽(“ACC”、“BLCA”、“BRCA”、“CESC”、“COAD”、“CLL”、“CRC”、“DLBCL”、“GBM”、“HNSC”、“KICH”、“KIRC”、“KIRP”、“LAML”、“LIHC”、“LUAD”、“LUSC”、“MM”、“OV”、“PAAD”、“PRAD”、“READ”、“SKCM”、“STAD”、“TGCT”、“THCA”、“UCEC”、和“UCS”)。移码突变以“fs”表示。“Del”和“Ins”指示缺失和插入。显示了从与特定HLA等位基因结合的每个突变产生的肽的数目。频发突变包括移码突变并跨许多等位基因产生HLA结合物。
表8
实例5
针对癌症亚型特异性免疫原性组合物的频发突变。癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)包含来自肿瘤样品的全面的大规模基因组测序数据以将对癌症负责的基因突变编入目录。用于免疫原性组合物中的肿瘤特异性新抗原肽可以基于许多标准来选择。第一个标准是基于基因表达。测定了以大于>10转录物/百万表达该基因的患者的分数(每个肿瘤类型)。估计值假定了HLA类型与每个基因的突变状态与基因表达(每个肿瘤类型)的随机分组。使用全国年发病率来定量可以用每种肽治疗的群体。肽按预期群体排列。分析的结果显示在表9中。
表9
实例6
在含有细胞外结构域的基因中表达的频发突变的治疗靶向。存在于大于1%的癌症患者群体中的肿瘤特异性突变可以用识别由该突变导致的肿瘤特异性新表位的药物或疗法来靶向。该突变优选在细胞外结构域内。该药物或疗法是抗体、抗体片段、抗体药物缀合物、适配体、CAR或T细胞受体。该抗体或其片段可以是人源化的、完全人源化的或嵌合的。该抗体片段可以是纳米抗体、Fab、Fab'、(Fab')2、Fv、ScFv、双体抗体、三体抗体、四体抗体、双-scFv、迷你抗体、Fab2、或Fab3片段。
可靶向的频发突变是FGFR3:p.S249C。成纤维细胞生长因子受体3(FGFR3)是在人类中由FGFR3基因编码的蛋白质。FGFR3也曾被指定为CD333(分化簇333)。全长蛋白包括由三个免疫球蛋白样结构域组成的胞外区、单个疏水跨膜区段和细胞质酪氨酸激酶结构域。该突变发生在蛋白质的细胞外结构域。在6.92%的所分析的膀胱癌(BLCA)患者中和1.12%的所分析的肺鳞状细胞癌(LUSC)患者中存在该突变。
可靶向的另一个频发突变是ERBB3:p.V104M。受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶erbB-3,也称为HER3(人表皮生长因子受体3),是人类中由ERBB3基因编码的膜结合蛋白。ErbB3是受体酪氨酸激酶的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR/ERBB)家族的成员。在所分析的1.72%的结直肠癌(CRC)患者、2.86%的结肠腺癌(COAD)患者、2.42%的胃腺癌(STAD)患者、以及2.06%的宫颈鳞状细胞癌和宫颈内膜腺癌
(CESC)患者中存在该突变。
可靶向的另一个频发突变是EGFR:p.L858R。表皮生长因子受体(人类中的EGFR;ErbB-1;HER1)是细胞外蛋白质配体的表皮生长因子家族(EGF家族)成员的细胞表面受体。在所分析的3.24%的肺腺癌(LUAD)患者中存在该突变。
可靶向的另一个频发突变是MUC4:p.H4205Q。粘蛋白4(MUC 4)是在人类中由MUC4基因编码的粘蛋白蛋白质。此基因编码在细胞表面发现的整合膜糖蛋白,尽管可存在分泌的同种型。在所分析的2.3%的前列腺腺癌(PRAD)患者、2.31%的膀胱尿路上皮癌(BLCA)患者以及7.14%的子宫癌肉瘤(UCS)患者中存在该突变。
可靶向的另一个频发突变是PDGFRA:p.R483fs。血小板衍生的生长因子受体,即α多肽,是在人类中由PDGFRA基因编码的蛋白质。此基因编码血小板衍生的生长因子家族成员的细胞表面酪氨酸激酶受体。在所分析的1.92%的前列腺腺癌(PRAD)患者中存在该突变。
可靶向的另一个频发突变是TMEM52 23_26LLPL>L。跨膜蛋白52由TMEM52基因编码。在所分析的1.53%的前列腺腺癌(PRAD)患者中存在该突变。
可靶向的另一个频发突变是PODXL 28_30PSP>P。足萼蛋白样蛋白1是在人类中由PODXL基因编码的蛋白质。在所分析的1.53%的前列腺腺癌(PRAD)患者、15.56%的肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)患者以及3.57%的子宫癌肉瘤(UCS)患者中存在该突变。
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虽然如上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,应理解上述段落定义的本发明并不局限于上述说明书中的具体细节,原因是其许多明显变化是可能的而并不背离本发明的主旨或范围。
Claims (41)
1.一种用于治疗GATA3-相关癌症的药物组合物,其包括药学上可接受的载体,和
(i)多肽,其长度范围是从8个至50个氨基酸,
(ii)编码所述多肽的核酸,
(iii)包含(i)或(ii)的抗原呈递细胞,或
(iv)由包含(i)或(ii)的抗原呈递细胞激发的T细胞,
其中所述多肽包含至少一个肿瘤特异性新表位,所述肿瘤特异性新表位与一个HLA等位基因编码的蛋白结合,并且其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列KIMFATLQR (SEQID NO: 13441)、MLTGPPARV (SEQ ID NO: 13437)、SMLTGPPARV (SEQ ID NO: 13471)、TLQRSSLWCL (SEQ ID NO: 13473)、FATLQRSSL (SEQ ID NO: 13454)、MFATLQRSSL (SEQ IDNO: 13487)、FLKAESKIM (SEQ ID NO: 13438)、FLKAESKIMF (SEQ ID NO: 13488)、GPPARVPAV (SEQ ID NO: 13452)、KPKRDGYMF (SEQ ID NO: 13453)、KPKRDGYMFL (SEQ IDNOs: 13485)、CSMLTGPPAR (SEQ ID NO: 13474)、AVPFDLHFCR (SEQ ID NO: 13481)、AESKIMFATL (SEQ ID NO: 13498)、ESKIMFATL (SEQ ID NO: 13457)、LQRSSLWCL (SEQ IDNO: 13467)、LHFCRSSIM (SEQ ID NO: 13456)、IMKPKRDGY (SEQ ID NO: 13447)、IMKPKRDGYM (SEQ ID NOs: 13477)、AESKIMFAT (SEQ ID NO: 13538)、VPFDLHFCR (SEQ IDNO: 13449)、ATLQRSSLW (SEQ ID NO: 13466)、RSSIMKPKR (SEQ ID NO: 13446)、VLPEPHLAL (SEQ ID NO: 13434)、MFLKAESKI (SEQ ID NO: 13444)、YMFLKAESK (SEQ IDNO: 13440)或YMFLKAESKI (SEQ ID NO: 13472)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述多肽包括至少两种不同的肿瘤特异性新表位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述多肽包括最多20种不同的肿瘤特异性新表位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位以小于500 nM的KD结合由受试者的HLA-A、HLA-B或HLA-C等位基因编码的蛋白。
5.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列ESKIMFATL (SEQ ID NO: 13457)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列FATLQRSSL (SEQ ID NO: 13454)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列FLKAESKIM (SEQ ID NO: 13438)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列FLKAESKIMF (SEQ ID NO: 13488)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列GPPARVPAV (SEQ ID NO: 13452)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列IMKPKRDGYM (SEQ ID NO: 13477)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列KIMFATLQR (SEQ ID NO: 13441)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列KPKRDGYMF (SEQ ID NO: 13453)。
13.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列KPKRDGYMFL (SEQ ID NO: 13485)。
14.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列LHFCRSSIM (SEQ ID NO: 13456)。
15.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列MFATLQRSSL (SEQ ID NO: 13487)。
16.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列MFLKAESKI (SEQ ID NO: 13444)。
17.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列MLTGPPARV (SEQ ID NO: 13437)。
18.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列SMLTGPPARV (SEQ ID NO: 13471)。
19.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列TLQRSSLWCL (SEQ ID NO: 13473)。
20.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列YMFLKAESK (SEQ ID NO: 13440)。
21.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤特异性新表位是氨基酸序列YMFLKAESKI (SEQ ID NO: 13472)。
22.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述组合物是免疫原性组合物或疫苗组合物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的药物组合物,其进一步包括免疫调节剂或佐剂。
24.根据权利要求23所述的药物组合物,其中所述免疫调节剂或佐剂是聚(I:C)。
25.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包括(i)多肽。
26.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包括(ii)编码所述(i)多肽的核酸。
27.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包括(iv)由包含(i)或(ii)的抗原呈递细胞激发的T细胞。
28.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包括包含(i)或(ii)的抗原呈递细胞,且所述抗原呈递细胞来自患者。
29.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包括由包含(i)或(ii)的抗原呈递细胞激发的T细胞,且所述T细胞来自患者。
30.根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗或预防受试者中的GATA3-相关肿瘤的药物中的用途。
31.根据权利要求30所述的用途,其中所述受试者具有GATA3移码突变。
32.根据权利要求31所述的用途,其中所述GATA3移码突变是GATA3:p.H434移码突变。
33.根据权利要求30所述的用途,其中所述GATA3-相关肿瘤是乳腺癌。
34.根据权利要求33所述的用途,其中所述乳腺癌是非转移性乳腺癌。
35.根据权利要求33所述的用途,其中所述乳腺癌是转移性乳腺癌。
36.根据权利要求33所述的用途,其中所述乳腺癌是HER-2阳性乳腺癌。
37.根据权利要求33所述的用途,其中所述乳腺癌是I期乳腺癌、II期乳腺癌、IIA期乳腺癌或可手术的IIC期乳腺癌。
38.根据权利要求30所述的用途,其中所述药物组合物与另外的癌症疗法一起以联合疗法来给予。
39.根据权利要求38所述的用途,其中所述另外的癌症疗法是检查点抑制剂。
40.根据权利要求38所述的用途,其中所述另外的癌症疗法是手术、化学疗法或靶向疗法。
41.(a)选自由以下组成的组的癌症药物:依罗替尼、埃罗替尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼、克唑替尼、曲妥珠单抗、威罗菲尼、RAF/MEK抑制剂和抗雌激素药物;以及(b)根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于受试者的癌症预防性治疗的药物中的用途,其中所述多肽源自与所选择的癌症药物相关的药物抗性突变。
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