CN101943214B - 低摩擦滑动机构及降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法 - Google Patents
低摩擦滑动机构及降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101943214B CN101943214B CN2010102751986A CN201010275198A CN101943214B CN 101943214 B CN101943214 B CN 101943214B CN 2010102751986 A CN2010102751986 A CN 2010102751986A CN 201010275198 A CN201010275198 A CN 201010275198A CN 101943214 B CN101943214 B CN 101943214B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- thin film
- hard carbon
- carbon thin
- friction
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000263 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoelaidin Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 description 173
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 69
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 66
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 61
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 56
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 53
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 31
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 16
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 11
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000005119 alkyl cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BLFRQYKZFKYQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCCCO BLFRQYKZFKYQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005066 dodecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 4
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QJQZRLXDLORINA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1CCCCC1 QJQZRLXDLORINA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical class OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- JTOGFHAZQVDOAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C JTOGFHAZQVDOAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane - octane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008041 oiling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol Chemical compound OCCC(O)CO ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAZWADXTNBRANC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1(C)O RAZWADXTNBRANC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecene Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCHLXMOXBJRGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC1(O)CCCCC1 RCHLXMOXBJRGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXVNBWAKAOHACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)C(C)C HXVNBWAKAOHACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CCCC(C)=C WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical group CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGDNVOAEIVQRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nonanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)O NGDNVOAEIVQRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALKCLFLTXBBMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C=C)CCC=C(C)C ALKCLFLTXBBMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLYAQFSQLQTVNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclohexylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC1CCCCC1 CLYAQFSQLQTVNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLBYBBUZURKHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-epi-Palustrinsaeure Natural products CC12CCCC(C)(C(O)=O)C1CCC1=C2CCC(C(C)C)=C1 MLBYBBUZURKHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetoin Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)=O ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHOPZCMKKKCQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1(C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1C(=O)O)C Chemical group C(C)C1(C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1C(=O)O)C NHOPZCMKKKCQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical class NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLBYBBUZURKHAW-MISYRCLQSA-N Palustric acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC[C@@](C)(C(O)=O)[C@@H]1CCC1=C2CCC(C(C)C)=C1 MLBYBBUZURKHAW-MISYRCLQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical group OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-M Vaccenic acid Natural products CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000021322 Vaccenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S Chemical compound [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PQMKYFCFSA-N alpha-D-mannose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PQMKYFCFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001047 cyclobutenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=O KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N dibutyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCC JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005082 etohexadiol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNAZRRHPUDJQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FNAZRRHPUDJQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000755 henicosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diol Chemical group OCCCCCCCO SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CC ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical group OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N kanamycin A sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolamine Chemical compound NCO XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSMOENVRRABVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)C=C VSMOENVRRABVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWWQKRXKHIRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O FWWQKRXKHIRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQQSUOJIMKJQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaphenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=C4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC4=C3C=C12 JQQSUOJIMKJQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propynoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#C UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N ribitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHUFTBALEZWWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O UHUFTBALEZWWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricarballylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJDSOBWGZRPKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C SJDSOBWGZRPKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPLNRAYTBIFSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO FPLNRAYTBIFSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEHPRJRWZDWFBJ-FOCLMDBBSA-N (2E)-2-heptadecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O GEHPRJRWZDWFBJ-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIONDZDPPYHYKY-SNAWJCMRSA-N (2E)-hexenoic acid Chemical compound CCC\C=C\C(O)=O NIONDZDPPYHYKY-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTESCYNPUGSWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylphenyl)hydrazine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N[NH3+])C=C1 VTESCYNPUGSWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVRMGCSSSYZGSM-CCEZHUSRSA-N (E)-hexadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O ZVRMGCSSSYZGSM-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADLXTJMPCFOTOO-BQYQJAHWSA-N (E)-non-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O ADLXTJMPCFOTOO-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULNRTPCFRBIMKL-GHVJWSGMSA-N (e)-2-tetracosenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O ULNRTPCFRBIMKL-GHVJWSGMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATNNLHXCRAAGJS-QZQOTICOSA-N (e)-docos-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O ATNNLHXCRAAGJS-QZQOTICOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHEPBQHNVNUAFL-AATRIKPKSA-N (e)-hex-1-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\O JHEPBQHNVNUAFL-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXYCISFUJXCMSU-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-triacont-21-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXYCISFUJXCMSU-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-Oxybisoctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZXIZRZFGJZWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1OC1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C OZXIZRZFGJZWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFKBXYGUSOXJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YFKBXYGUSOXJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical group CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical class CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQQBGYGZHHXUPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group CCCCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 SQQBGYGZHHXUPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTUCYAOJXPTLHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylbutan-1-ol Chemical class CCCC(O)C1CCCCC1 MTUCYAOJXPTLHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTSWUFKUZPPYEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decoxydecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCC LTSWUFKUZPPYEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQUBQBFVDOLUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)C RQUBQBFVDOLUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUVLOKKTRUQNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-3-methylbutane Chemical compound CCOCCC(C)C HQUVLOKKTRUQNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDMXPMYSWFDBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOCC VDMXPMYSWFDBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUCJHJXFXUZJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC1(O)CCCCC1 BUCJHJXFXUZJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRRSHRVKVLSFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group CCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QRRSHRVKVLSFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFWCJLHQSOWNRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecoxyheptadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GFWCJLHQSOWNRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJEGHEMJVNQWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptoxyheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCOCCCCCCC UJEGHEMJVNQWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJRYFKUGTJWXCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 RJRYFKUGTJWXCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDCJDKXCCYFOCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecoxyhexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FDCJDKXCCYFOCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexoxyhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCCCCC BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMEVZVXFJBPTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 BMEVZVXFJBPTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBMSRVQPKFEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-icosoxyicosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PRBMSRVQPKFEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYVYEJXMYBUCMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound COCC(C)C ZYVYEJXMYBUCMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQAYBCWERYRAMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-3-methylbutane Chemical compound COCCC(C)C ZQAYBCWERYRAMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBUJFULDVAZULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOC DBUJFULDVAZULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAKWRXVKWGUISE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopentan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1(O)CCCC1 CAKWRXVKWGUISE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQAINHDHICKHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=O)=CC=CC2=C1 SQAINHDHICKHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARNKHYQYAZLEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-1-yloxynaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 ARNKHYQYAZLEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDYQIWBHVFYONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonadecoxynonadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC WDYQIWBHVFYONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKZRLCHWDNEKRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonoxynonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCC DKZRLCHWDNEKRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002666 1-octacosanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octadecoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGUGZXZLWIADHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecoxypentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YGUGZXZLWIADHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentoxypentane Chemical class CCCCCOCCCCC AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYSXWUPVOCFRSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-ethene-1,2-diol Natural products OC=C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NYSXWUPVOCFRSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVBMXGLAFRTOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group CCCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 ZVBMXGLAFRTOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HANWHVWXFQSQGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecoxytetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HANWHVWXFQSQGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSHOPPGMNYULAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tridecoxytridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCC CSHOPPGMNYULAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXYKVMGAIGVXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecoxyundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCC TXYKVMGAIGVXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZGKAASZIMOAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 124177-85-1 Chemical compound NP(=O)=O UZGKAASZIMOAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=CN1 XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPFXRHZKEBXOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class CC1CCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C1(C)C ZPFXRHZKEBXOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVHARNWCHRYVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;2-ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO.CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O HVHARNWCHRYVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKIYKUWLXRWMJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutylnaphthalen-1-ol Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(O)=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC2=C1 JKIYKUWLXRWMJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COCYNECLJRZCDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-ditert-butylnaphthalen-1-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C21 COCYNECLJRZCDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Natural products CCCCC(O)CCC WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 2-Hexanol Natural products CCCC[C@H](C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSAYZAUNJMRRIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C21 XSAYZAUNJMRRIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCC1CO1 WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUNMWLWTZWWEIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decenedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC=CC(O)=O XUNMWLWTZWWEIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-butanol Chemical class CCC(CC)CO TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLEFDCACDRGBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO.CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LLEFDCACDRGBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWTQBXKJKDAOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;octanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO.CCCCCCCC(O)=O CWTQBXKJKDAOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical group CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKFQWAVMIMCNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpentan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC(CC)CO UKFQWAVMIMCNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMNDYUVBFMFKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-furoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 SMNDYUVBFMFKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YURNCBVQZBJDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC=CC(O)=O YURNCBVQZBJDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVHTXAYIKBMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZWVHTXAYIKBMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)C RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFRBDWRZVBPBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)O WFRBDWRZVBPBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMHDLKFMJMNOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoxy)prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(=C)COCC(C)=C XMHDLKFMJMNOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group CC1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical class CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRIMXCDMVRMCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(C)O KRIMXCDMVRMCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGRUUTLDBCWYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(C)C RGRUUTLDBCWYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJKVFARRVXDXAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C=O)=CC=C21 PJKVFARRVXDXAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZRLNYVDCIYXPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-2-yloxynaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(OC=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)=CC=C21 DZRLNYVDCIYXPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOFYYYCFRVWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCC1CO1 NMOFYYYCFRVWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONPJWQSDZCGSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ONPJWQSDZCGSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJBGBBSAXCXJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpropanoic acid Chemical compound C(C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(C(=O)O)C YJBGBBSAXCXJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GADSJKKDLMALGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GADSJKKDLMALGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZHCVNIARUXHAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 LZHCVNIARUXHAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUXCSEISVMREAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol Chemical class CC(C)(C)CCO DUXCSEISVMREAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJEXHASBKUBJAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dibutylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1CCCC DJEXHASBKUBJAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WETBJXIDTZXCBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)CCO WETBJXIDTZXCBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDVOLDOITVSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound O1B(O)OB2OB(O)OB1O2 XDVOLDOITVSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-Methylbutanoic acid Natural products CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 3-Octanol Natural products CCCCC[C@@H](O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJPSFJLSZZTSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound CCOCC=C OJPSFJLSZZTSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-butanol Chemical class CC(C)C(C)O MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXUIDZOMTRMIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXUIDZOMTRMIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZEBWPHHIQAVOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylbutan-1-ol Chemical class OCCCCC1CCCCC1 NZEBWPHHIQAVOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XESZUVZBAMCAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylcatechol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 XESZUVZBAMCAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJMYXHKGEGNLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OCCNC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O QJMYXHKGEGNLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTYRONIMTRDBLT-ONEGZZNKSA-N 5-Hepten-2-one Chemical compound C\C=C\CCC(C)=O RTYRONIMTRDBLT-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDVJGWXFXGJSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhexan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)O ZDVJGWXFXGJSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGCDFYUPZXVGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)CCCCO CGCDFYUPZXVGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CWXYHOHYCJXYFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betamipron Chemical compound OC(=O)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CWXYHOHYCJXYFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDPMIBMNNGCWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)O.CC1(CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1)C(=O)O Chemical class C(CCC)O.CC1(CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1)C(=O)O KDPMIBMNNGCWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDHVYEMYFOJVIN-QURGRASLSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O PDHVYEMYFOJVIN-QURGRASLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZAHXNNEQCZPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCOC(OC)=O.COC(O)=O Chemical compound CCCCOC(OC)=O.COC(O)=O DZAHXNNEQCZPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSPHULWDVZXLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camphoric acid Natural products CC1(C)C(C(O)=O)CCC1(C)C(O)=O LSPHULWDVZXLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cycloheptanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCCC1 VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisoamyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCCC(C)C AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZZPOFFXKUVNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC=C GZZPOFFXKUVNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100030393 G-patch domain and KOW motifs-containing protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N Isomaltose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N L-(-)-Sorbose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N Chemical compound OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNSTJJWUANGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(S)=S.CC(C)C[Zn]CC(C)C Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S.CC(C)C[Zn]CC(C)C OFNSTJJWUANGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDCUQQIYNAIFRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(S)=S.CCCC(C)[Zn]C(C)CCC Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S.CCCC(C)[Zn]C(C)CCC SDCUQQIYNAIFRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLKAQWSCGDNHHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(S)=S.CCCCCCCC[Zn]CCCCCCCC Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S.CCCCCCCC[Zn]CCCCCCCC CLKAQWSCGDNHHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQQOZGWVUMIMMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(S)=S.CCCCCC[Zn]CCCCCC Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S.CCCCCC[Zn]CCCCCC QQQOZGWVUMIMMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEODFVSDZLWNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(C)(CC)[Zn+].C(C)(CC)[Zn+].C(C)(CC)[Zn+] Chemical class P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(C)(CC)[Zn+].C(C)(CC)[Zn+].C(C)(CC)[Zn+] OEODFVSDZLWNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GCCSCGQKYSEPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(C)(CCCC)[Zn+].C(C)(CCCC)[Zn+].C(C)(CCCC)[Zn+] Chemical class P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(C)(CCCC)[Zn+].C(C)(CCCC)[Zn+].C(C)(CCCC)[Zn+] GCCSCGQKYSEPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NBZDAPQWVAVBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCC)[Zn+] Chemical class P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCC)[Zn+] NBZDAPQWVAVBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QYYYKMDCIMZOSN-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[Zn+] Chemical class P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[Zn+] QYYYKMDCIMZOSN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OBUHXFQCCYSDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[Zn+] Chemical class P(=S)([S-])([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[Zn+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[Zn+] OBUHXFQCCYSDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic aldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCC=O PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXWJFEZDFPRLBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Timnodonic acid Natural products CCCC=CC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O HXWJFEZDFPRLBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXMVYSVVTMKQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD142122 Natural products OC1=CC=C(C=CC=O)C=C1O AXMVYSVVTMKQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TTZKGYULRVDFJJ-GIVMLJSASA-N [(2r)-2-[(2s,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxyethyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O TTZKGYULRVDFJJ-GIVMLJSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- URGQBRTWLCYCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl] nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)(CO)CO URGQBRTWLCYCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetoacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC([O-])=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KLUDQUOLAFVLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)=O KLUDQUOLAFVLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YBCVMFKXIKNREZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acoh acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O YBCVMFKXIKNREZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-LECHCGJUSA-N alpha-D-xylose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-LECHCGJUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940053198 antiepileptics succinimide derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arachidyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTBYNMBEYCCFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane boric acid Chemical class N.N.N.OB(O)O NTBYNMBEYCCFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMAQRGNIWKAAFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;dicarboxy carbonate Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(O)=O LMAQRGNIWKAAFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXBLLCUINBKULX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXBLLCUINBKULX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004718 beta keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-methyl-butyric acid Natural products CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- UXXXZMDJQLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl) carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)OCC(C)C UXXXZMDJQLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012661 block copolymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIIVGPQREKVCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCC=CO SIIVGPQREKVCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical class CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNFNDZCXTPWRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O ZNFNDZCXTPWRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFSAXUULYPJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyrophenone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FFSAXUULYPJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSPHULWDVZXLIL-QUBYGPBYSA-N camphoric acid Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC[C@]1(C)C(O)=O LSPHULWDVZXLIL-QUBYGPBYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004651 carbonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-tetracosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013036 cure process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SHQSVMDWKBRBGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutanone Chemical compound O=C1CCC1 SHQSVMDWKBRBGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCRFMSUKWRQZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCCC1 QCRFMSUKWRQZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)CCCCC1 PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJOODBDWMQKMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylacetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC1CCCCC1 LJOODBDWMQKMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URAXDCBRCGSGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCCCC1 URAXDCBRCGSGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISQVBYGGNVVVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCC1 ISQVBYGGNVVVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACUZDYFTRHEKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)O ACUZDYFTRHEKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTDMYWXTWWFLGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-4-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCC DTDMYWXTWWFLGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXFFCJFXZPEAKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O GXFFCJFXZPEAKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- AUTNMGCKBXKHNV-UHFFFAOYSA-P diazanium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 AUTNMGCKBXKHNV-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTYLWUZKRJYAJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutoxyborinic acid Chemical compound CCCCOB(O)OCCCC GTYLWUZKRJYAJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZEBJPYUECLCDRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC ZEBJPYUECLCDRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940028820 didecyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLSJPRHEVMZIII-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxyborinic acid Chemical compound CCOB(O)OCC VLSJPRHEVMZIII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDNQRCVBPNOTNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC2=C1 WDNQRCVBPNOTNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKPOVTYZGGYDIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)OCCCCCCCC PKPOVTYZGGYDIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSNQKJVQUFYBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)OCCCCC HSNQKJVQUFYBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)C JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFJRKMMYBMWEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC=O HFJRKMMYBMWEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940108623 eicosenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMRDZQXXMYCHBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCO.CCCO OMRDZQXXMYCHBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmalonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylbenzene Natural products CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXZBFBRLRNDJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VXZBFBRLRNDJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIYDVAYKYBWPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O PIYDVAYKYBWPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanal Chemical compound CCCCCCC=O FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEYWGSNMPNEILM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O AEYWGSNMPNEILM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEIUOYFQDIJJEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O SEIUOYFQDIJJEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFMIDCCZJUXASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,6-triol Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)O GFMIDCCZJUXASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CO XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N isocrotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C/C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N isomaltose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O1 DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940089454 lauryl aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940040102 levulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHOJXDKTYKFBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesityl oxide Natural products CC(C)=CC(C)=O SHOJXDKTYKFBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100630 metacresol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediamine Chemical compound NCN RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087646 methanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940074096 monoolein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DXFFQWDOIJVGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylundecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN(CC)CC DXFFQWDOIJVGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSSIRAZXLJEWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipropyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCC)CCC JSSIRAZXLJEWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZVDURJDFGERA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Tricosanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XEZVDURJDFGERA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCCCCCC PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGFDHKJUZCCPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nonadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO XGFDHKJUZCCPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCCCCC JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIXPUAYMZURQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC=CC(O)=O YIXPUAYMZURQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFTCWZPNMWFZOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O BFTCWZPNMWFZOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002885 octadecanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAVABZCZTPTYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O MAVABZCZTPTYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleicacidamide-heptaglycolether Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen difluoride Chemical compound FOF UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXLOVSHXALFLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-tolualdehyde Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 FXLOVSHXALFLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWMPEAHGUXCSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O MWMPEAHGUXCSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKIZWKVZMQYKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O IKIZWKVZMQYKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTNYLSAWDQNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC1=CC=CC=C1 BOTNYLSAWDQNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004344 phenylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical group S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJGSXYOJTGTZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacolone Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)(C)C PJGSXYOJTGTZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFOXKPDFWGNLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacolyl alcohol Chemical class CC(O)C(C)(C)C DFOXKPDFWGNLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiophenone Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003504 terephthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HMFPLNNQWZGXAH-OCOZRVBESA-N trans-2-hexacosenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O HMFPLNNQWZGXAH-OCOZRVBESA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N trans-2-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N trans-octadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=O KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003487 xylose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZKRIHZCXGPZGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxido-propan-2-yloxy-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C YZKRIHZCXGPZGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/046—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with at least one amorphous inorganic material layer, e.g. DLC, a-C:H, a-C:Me, the layer being doped or not
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/16—Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
- C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings
- C10N2050/025—Multi-layer lubricant coatings in the form of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/14—Composite materials or sliding materials in which lubricants are integrally molded
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及低摩擦滑动机构及降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法,提供低摩擦滑动件如内燃机的活塞、活塞环、活塞裙和汽缸衬筒。所述低摩擦滑动件包括具有表面的基底材料。在所述基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜。当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,其中有机含氧化合物是甘油。
Description
本申请为申请号200410065160.9、申请日2004年8月20日、发明名称“低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构的改进,更具体地说,本发明涉及具有非常好的低摩擦特性的低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构。
背景技术
诸如全球变暖和臭氧层破坏的全球环境问题近在眼前。正如一直认为的那样,CO2的排放对全球变暖有着非常大的影响,降低CO2的排放量、明确设立CO2排放标准在每个国家都已经成为一个大问题。降低CO2排放的一个挑战是降低由于机器、设备等摩擦损耗造成的能耗,特别是要改进车用燃料的效率或燃料经济,这取决于发动机滑动件及其使用的润滑油的性能。改进车用燃料效率的方法有以下几种:(1)降低润滑油粘度,从而降低水力润滑区域中的粘性阻力和发动机中的搅动阻力;(2)向润滑油中添加合适的摩擦改进剂和其它添加剂,以在混合润滑和边界润滑条件下降低摩擦损耗。
鉴于上述情况,已经对各种摩擦改进剂进行了大量研究,所述摩擦改进剂包括有机钼化合物如二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)和二硫代磷酸钼(MoDTP)。研究结果发现:含有机钼化合物的润滑油在使用早期对传统钢滑动件能够成功地提供降低摩擦的作用。
发明内容
以前也试验过在发动机滑动件上应用硬涂层材料,以使滑动件具有高耐磨性和低摩擦系数。首先,已知类金刚石碳(DLC)材料在空气中具有低摩擦性能,因此预期能够用作滑动件的涂层材料。
但如KANO等人在Japan Tribology Congress 1999.5,Tokyo,报告集第11-12页所公开的那样,在润滑油存在下DLC材料不能提供低摩擦系数。如KANO等人在World Tribology Congress 2001.9,Vienna,报告集第342页所公开的那样,即使与含有机钼化合物的润滑油组合使用,DLC材料也不能提供足够低的摩擦系数。
由于上述原因,可以确认DLC是化学惰性的,因而在DLC材料的滑动表面上不能形成提供低剪切力的含MoS2的所谓摩擦膜,尽管这种膜可以在钢的滑动表面上形成。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构,通过本发明可以有效克服传统滑动件和应用传统滑动件的滑动机构中存在的缺点。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种改进的低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构,其在各种用途和条件下在滑动表面上都显示出极其优异的低摩擦性能,特别是与钢材料和有机钼化合物的传统组合相比具有优异的低剪切力。
本发明的一个方面是一种低摩擦滑动件,其包括具有表面的基底材料。在基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜。此时当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。
本发明的另一个方面是包含所述第一低摩擦滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构,所述第一低摩擦滑动件包括具有表面的基底材料,并且包括在基底材料的至少部分表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。另外,提供第二低摩擦滑动件和具有滑动表面的金属件中的至少一个作为相对件。所述第二低摩擦滑动件包括具有基底材料表面的基底材料和在至少部分所述表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。此时在滑动表面位置上存在有机含氧化合物,所述滑动表面位置在第一低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面与第二低摩擦滑动件和金属件至少之一的滑动表面间形成。
本发明的再一个方面是包含所述第一低摩擦滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构,所述第一低摩擦滑动件包括具有表面的基底材料,并且包括在基底材料的至少部分表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。另外,提供第二低摩擦滑动件和具有滑动表面的金属件中的至少一个作为相对件。所述第二低摩擦滑动件包括具有基底材料表面的基底材料和在至少部分所述表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。此时在滑动表面位置上存在有润滑油,所述滑动表面位置在第一低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面与第二低摩擦滑动件和金属件至少之一的滑动表面间形成,所述润滑油含有有机含氧化合物。
本发明的又一个方面是一种减少包含具有表面的基底材料的滑动件的摩擦的方法。该方法包括(a)在基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜;和(b)当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。
附图说明
图1的示意图给出在盘上销钉摩擦评估试验中形成本发明的低摩擦滑动机构部件的滑动件(销钉和圆盘)的排列方式。
图2的示意图给出了在硬碳薄膜与相对件的摩擦过程中在硬碳薄膜表面上形成的摩擦膜。
具体实施方式
下面将详述本发明。除另有说明外,下面描述中的所有百分数(%)都是质量百分数。
根据本发明,一种低摩擦滑动件包括具有表面的基底材料。在基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜。此时当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。
更具体地,按照本发明的低摩擦滑动件包括具有表面的基底材料。至少部分所述表面被硬碳薄膜涂覆。硬碳薄膜的例子有主要由碳元素形成的无定形材料DLC(类金刚石碳)材料形成,其中碳-碳键中包含金刚石结构(SP3键)和石墨结构(SP2键)。具体的例子包括单独由碳形成的a-C类型(无定形碳)、含氢的a-C:H(加氢的无定形碳)、和含部分金属元素如钛(Ti)或钼(Mo)的MeC。为了获得较大的摩擦降低效果,所应用的DLC材料应具有较低的氢含量,优选为不大于20原子%,更优选为不大于5原子%,进一步优选为不大于1原子%,并且更进一步优选为不大于0.5原子%。还优选的是应用基本不含氢的a-C基或类型的DLC类材料。
对于上述硬碳薄膜的成膜方法,通常可以采用离子电镀法和磁电管溅射法。
硬碳薄膜可以由CNx材料、COx材料、CFx材料或这些材料的纳米晶体金钢石构成。
当基底材料上涂覆的硬碳薄膜与相对件的滑动表面滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜和相对件的滑动表面之间存在有机含氧化合物的条件下在摩擦的条件下在硬碳薄膜上的表面形成含有官能团如醚键、氧桥和羟基以及醚键、氧桥和羟基的任意组合的摩擦膜。该摩擦膜指的是在摩擦的过程中在硬碳薄膜和相对件之间在化学反应下形成的涂层膜,正如图2所示意性描述的那样,其中在硬碳薄膜与相对件的摩擦过程中,在由方框所示的硬碳薄膜的表面上形成含有羟基的摩擦膜。
优选的是摩擦膜的厚度不超过10nm,并且在硬碳薄膜和相对件之间的摩擦过程中,所述摩擦膜在从滑动件的滑动表面(与相对件滑动接触)至距离所述滑动表面10nm深度的范围内形成,其中所述滑动件的滑动表面与所述相对件滑动接触。这可以降低滑动表面位置或滑动接触位置的处摩擦系数。上述摩擦膜比不含有官能团如醚、氧桥和/或醇以及醚键、氧桥和羟基的任意组合的摩擦膜具有更低的摩擦特性。
考虑到滑动稳定性,硬碳薄膜优选具有0.1μm或更低的表面粗糙度Ra,优选为0.08μm或更低。表面粗糙度大于0.1μm会形成局部划伤,从而明显增加摩擦系数。另外,硬碳薄膜优选具有用显微维氏(Vicker)硬度(在10g负荷下)Hv表示的表面硬度1000-3500,并且膜厚度为0.3-2.0μm。在硬碳薄膜的表面硬度和厚度不在上述范围内的情况下,当Hv小于1000或膜厚度小于0.3μm时,会发生磨损,而当Hv大于3500和/或膜厚度大于2.0μm时,则会发生剥离。表面粗糙度Ra解释为JIS(日本工业标准)B0601(:2001)中的Ra75。
对于构成滑动件的除硬碳薄膜外的部分的材料不作特别限制,但可以是金属材料如含铁材料、铝基材料、镁基材料或钛基材料。特别优选含铁材料、铝基材料或镁基材料,因为这些材料易于应用于机器或设备的滑动部件或滑动部分,并且在各种领域中有助于节能。对于构成滑动件的除硬碳薄膜外的部分的材料,还可以使用非金属材料如树脂、塑料、碳等。另外,在金属或非金属材料上通过涂覆各种薄膜涂层所形成的材料也可以用作构成滑动件的除硬碳薄膜外的部分的材料。将会理解的是滑动件的除硬碳薄膜外的部分可以是具有滑动表面的基底材料,其中在所述滑动表面上形成硬碳薄膜。
对含铁材料没有特别限制,不仅可以是高纯度的铁,而且还可以是各种铁合金(与镍、铜、锌、铬、钴、钼、铅、硅和/或钛、或其任意组合形成的合金)。其具体例子包括根据日本工业标准(JIS)的渗碳钢SCM 420和SCr 420。
对铝基材料没有特别限制,不仅可以是高纯度的铝,而且还可以是各种铝基合金。具体来说,如含4-20%硅(Si)和1.0-5.0%铜(Cu)的亚低共熔或过低共熔铝合金是需要的。铝合金的优选例子包括根据JIS的AC2A、AC8A、ADC12和ADC14。
另外,对在金属材料上通过涂覆各种薄膜涂层而形成的材料来说也没有特别限制,并且可以具体为具有薄膜(表面)涂层如TiN、CrN或上述DLC材料涂层的金属材料如上述含铁材料、铝基材料、镁基材料或钛基材料,其中优选涂覆有DLC材料的金属材料。更优选地,DLC材料是a-C型并且基本上不含氢的类金刚石碳。
下面将详细讨论本发明的低摩擦滑动机构。
所述低摩擦滑动机构包含第一低摩擦滑动件,所述第一低摩擦滑动件包括具有表面的基底材料,并且包括在所述基底材料至少部分表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。另外,提供第二低摩擦滑动件和具有滑动表面的金属件中的至少一个作为相对件。所述第二低摩擦滑动件包括具有基底材料表面的基底材料和在至少部分所述表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜。此时在滑动表面位置上存在有机含氧化合物或含有有机含氧化合物的润滑油,所述滑动表面位置在第一低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面与第二低摩擦滑动件和金属件至少之一的滑动表面间形成。
因此,所述低摩擦滑动机构包括上面所讨论的低摩擦滑动件。更具体地说,所述低摩擦滑动机构包含由两个或多个低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面构成的滑动表面位置,和/或由低摩擦滑动件和金属件的滑动表面构成的另一个滑动表面位置。应该注意到的是在上述滑动表面位置处存在有机含氧化合物,该化合物用做无灰摩擦改进剂。通过这种设置,在滑动表面上形成极薄的摩擦膜,从而表现出优异的低剪切力。
此时上述金属件的材料为含铁材料、铝基材料、镁基材料或钛基材料。所述材料可以为用薄膜(表面)涂层如TiN、CrN或上述DLC材料涂覆的含铁材料、铝基材料、镁基材料或钛基材料。
当含铁材料用作金属件的材料时,优选的是含铁材料具有以洛氏(Rockwell)硬度C分级(HRC)表示的45至60的表面硬度。这种条件是有效的,因为即使在凸轮随动件中以约700MPa的高赫兹接触压力的滑动条件下,也能够保持所述薄膜的耐久性。如果表面硬度小于45(HRC),则在高赫兹接触压力下会发生皱缩。
同样当铝基材料用作金属件的材料时,优选的是铝基材料具有80-130的表面硬度或布氏(Brinell)硬度HB。在铝基材料的表面硬度不在上述范围内的情况下,HB小于80时铝基材料可能易于磨损。
当薄膜(表面)涂层,特别是DLC材料,涂覆的金属件用作金属件的材料时,优选的是该材料具有用显微维氏(Vicker)硬度(在10g负荷下)Hv表示的1000-3500的表面硬度和0.3-2.0μm的薄膜(DLC材料)厚度。在表面硬度和薄膜厚度不在上述范围内的情况下,当Hv小于1000或厚度小于0.3μm时,将发生磨损,而当Hv大于3500和/或厚度大于2.0μm时,将发生剥离。
在本发明的低摩擦滑动机构中,上述滑动表面位置在4冲程或2冲程型内燃机的滑动零件或部件中形成,例如阀驱动系统、活塞、活塞环、活塞裙、汽缸衬筒、连杆、曲轴、轴承、轴承金属、齿轮、链、带、油泵等中的零件,也可以是驱动传送系统(如齿轮)中的零件、硬盘驱动(HDD)系统中的滑动零件、外用仪表(例如应用甘油的)、微机MEMS的滑动零件(用于生物用途)、以及要经受严格的摩擦条件从而需要低摩擦的其它各种滑动零件。在这种滑动表面位置中,仅仅通过在滑动表面位置上的至少一个滑动件上涂覆DLC(材料)涂层和向滑动表面位置提供有机含氧化合物,就有可能达到与传统技术相比更高的润滑性和极其优异的低摩擦性能。
在内燃机的阀驱动系统中,一个优选的实施方案是由起阀器的顶部表面形成的滑动表面位置或通过在铁(钢)基材料上形成DLC涂层而形成的圆盘状垫片以及由低合金冷铸铁、渗碳钢、精炼碳钢或由其任意组合构成的材料形成的凸轮袍。
另一方面,对上述的有机含氧化合物没有特别限制,可以是分子中含有氧的任何有机化合物。例如可以是由碳、氢和氧构成的有机含氧化合物。有机含氧化合物可以含有其它元素如氮、硫、卤素(氟、氯等)、磷、硼、金属等。特别是从进一步降低由滑动件定义的滑动表面位置中的摩擦考虑,优选由碳、氢和氧构成且含有羟基的有机含氧化合物或其衍生物,其中更优选含有两个或更多个羟基。出于同样的原因,更优选硫含量低或不含硫的有机含氧化合物。
这里所应用的“衍生物”也没有特别限制,例如可以是由碳、氢和氧构成的有机含氧化合物与如下化合物反应得到的化合物:含氮化合物、含磷化合物、硫或含硫化合物、含硼化合物、卤素或含卤素化合物、金属元素、含金属化合物(有机或无机化合物)等。
上述有机含氧化合物具体可以是含羟基、羧基、羰基、酯键或醚键(也可以含有两种或多种这样的基团或键)的化合物,优选含有一种或多种选自羟基、羧基、羰基和酯键的基团或键,更优选是含一种或多种选自羟基、羧基和酯基的基团或键的有机含氧化合物,进一步优选是含一种或多种选自羟基和羧基的基团的有机含氧化合物,特别优选是含一个或多个羟基的有机含氧化合物。
有机含氧化合物的更具体的例子包括醇、羧酸、醚、酯、酮、醛、碳酸酯(这些化合物还可以含有一种或多种选自羟基、羧基、羰基、酯键和醚键的基团或键)、其衍生物及其任意混合物。
上述醇是如下通式(1)表示的有机含氧化合物:
R-(OH)n (1)
例如含一个或多个羟基的化合物。
醇的例子如下。
1.1一元醇。
1.2二元醇。
1.3三元或更高级的多元醇。
1.4选自上述1.1-1.3的醇的环氧烷加合物。
1.5选自上述1.1-1.4的两种或多种醇的混合物。
一元醇(1.1)在分子中有一个羟基,例如其包括具有1-40个碳原子的一元烷基醇(其中烷基可以是直链或支链),如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇(1-丙醇、2-丙醇)、丁醇(1-丁醇、2-丁醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇、2-甲基-2-丙醇)、戊醇(1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-2-丁醇、2-甲基-2-丁醇、2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇)、己醇(1-己醇、2-己醇、3-己醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、2-甲基-2-戊醇、2-甲基-3-戊醇、3-甲基-1-戊醇、3-甲基-2-戊醇、3-甲基-3-戊醇、4-甲基-1-戊醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、2,3-二甲基-1-丁醇、2,3-二甲基-2-丁醇、3,3-二甲基-1-丁醇、3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇、2,2-二甲基丁醇)、庚醇(1-庚醇、2-庚醇、3-庚醇、2-甲基-1-己醇、2-甲基-2-己醇、2-甲基-3-己醇、5-甲基-2-己醇、3-乙基-3-戊醇、2,2-二甲基-3-戊醇、2,3-二甲基-3-戊醇、2,4-二甲基-3-戊醇、4,4-二甲基-2-戊醇、3-甲基-1-己醇、4-甲基-1-己醇、5-甲基-1-己醇、2-乙基戊醇)、辛醇(1-辛醇、2-辛醇、3-辛醇、4-甲基-3-庚醇、6-甲基-2-庚醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、2-丙基-1-戊醇、2,4,4-三甲基-1-戊醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己醇、2-甲基-1-庚醇、2,2-二甲基-1-己醇)、壬醇(1-壬醇、2-壬醇、3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇、2,6-二甲基-4-庚醇、3-乙基-2,2-二甲基-3-戊醇、5-甲基辛醇等)、癸醇(1-癸醇、2-癸醇、4-癸醇、3,7-二甲基-1-辛醇、2,4,6-三甲基庚醇等)、十一烷醇、十二烷醇、十三烷醇、十四烷醇、十五烷醇、十六烷醇、十七烷醇、十八烷醇(硬脂醇等)、十九烷醇、二十烷醇、二十一烷醇、二十三烷醇、二十四烷醇;具有2-40个碳原子的一元烯基醇(其中烯基可以是直链或支链,双键可以在任何所需位置处),如乙烯醇、丙烯醇、丁烯醇、己烯醇、辛烯醇、癸烯醇、十二碳烯醇、十八碳烯醇(油醇等);具有3-40个碳原子的一元(烷基)环烷醇(其中烷基可以是直链或支链,烷基和羟基可以在任何所需位置处),如环戊醇、环己醇、环庚醇、环辛醇、甲基环戊醇、甲基环己醇、二甲基环己醇、乙基环己醇、丙基环己醇、丁基环己醇、二甲基环己醇、环戊基甲醇、环己基乙醇(1-环己基乙醇、2-环己基乙醇等)、环己基乙醇、环己基丙醇(3-环己基丙醇等)、环己基丁醇(4-环己基丁醇等)、丁基环己醇、3,3,5,5-四甲基环己醇;(烷基)芳醇(其中烷基可以是直链或支链,烷基和羟基可以在任何所需位置处),如苯醇、甲基苯基醇(邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚)、甲氧甲酚、乙基苯基醇、丙基苯基醇、丁基苯基醇、丁基甲基苯基醇(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基醇等)、二甲基苯基醇、二乙基苯基醇、二丁基苯基醇(2,6-二叔丁基苯基醇、2,4-二叔丁基苯基醇等)、二丁基甲基苯基醇(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基醇等)、二丁基乙基苯基醇(2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯基醇等)、三丁基苯基醇(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基醇等)、萘酚(α-萘酚、β-萘酚等)、二丁基萘酚(2,4-二叔丁基-α-萘酚等);6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯胺基)-2,4-双(正辛基硫代)-1,3,5-三嗪及其混合物。
其中更优选具有12-18个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或烯基的醇,如油醇和硬脂醇,因为它们可以更有效地降低涂覆有硬碳(DLC)薄膜的滑动件和其它任何材料的滑动表面之间的摩擦,并且它们的挥发性低,因此,即使在高温条件下(例如内燃机中的滑动条件),也具有降低摩擦的作用。
具体来说,二元醇(1.2)是分子中有两个羟基的醇,例如包括具有2-40个碳原子的烷基或烯基的二醇(其中烷基或烯基可以是直链或支链,烯基的双键可以在任何所需位置处,羟基也可以在任何所需位置处),如乙二醇、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,2-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、1,7-庚二醇、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-丙二醇、2,2-二乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,11-十一烷二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,13-十三烷二醇、1,14-十四烷二醇、1,15-十五烷二醇、1,16-十六烷二醇、1,17-十七烷二醇、1,18-十八烷二醇、1,19-十九烷二醇、1,20-二十烷二醇;(烷基)环烷烃二醇(其中烷基可以是直链或支链,烷基和羟基可以在任何所需位置处),如环己二醇、甲基环己二醇;具有2-40个碳原子的二元(烷基)芳醇(其中烷基可以是直链或支链,烷基和羟基可以在任何所需位置处),如苯二醇(邻苯二酚等)、甲基苯二醇、乙基苯二醇、丁基苯二醇(对叔丁基邻苯二酚等)、二丁基苯二醇(4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚等)、4,4’-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-丁二烯双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-硫代双(4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-(3,5-二叔丁基羟基)丙烷、4,4’-环己二烯双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚);对叔丁基苯酚/甲醛缩合物、对叔丁基苯酚/乙醛缩合物;及其混合物。
其中优选乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,7-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,11-十一烷二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇,因为它们可以更有效地降低涂覆有硬碳薄膜的滑动件和其它任何材料的滑动表面之间的摩擦。另外还优选分子量至少为300,优选至少为400的高分子量位阻醇如2,6-二叔丁基-4-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯基醇,因为它们即使在高温下(例如在内燃机中的滑动条件下)也难以挥发,具有极好的耐热性,并且它们能够很好地显示出降低摩擦的作用,能够赋予润滑油优异的抗氧化稳定性。
具体来说,三元或更高级的多元醇是具有三个或多个羟基的醇。一般使用3-10元醇,优选使用3-6元醇。这些组分的例子是三羟甲基烷烃如甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷;以及赤丁四醇、季戊四醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、1,3,5-戊三醇、1,2,6-己三醇、1,2,3,4-丁四醇、山梨糖醇、阿东糖醇、阿糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇;及其聚合物或缩合物(如甘油二聚物至八聚物,如二甘油、三甘油、四甘油;三羟甲基丙烷二聚物至八聚物,如二(三羟甲基丙烷);季戊四醇二聚物至四聚物如二季戊四醇;山梨聚糖;缩合物如山梨糖醇/甘油缩合物(包括分子内缩合物、分子间缩合物和自缩合物))。
也可以使用糖如木糖、阿糖醇、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、山梨糖、纤维二糖、甘露糖、异麦芽糖、海藻糖和蔗糖。
其中更优选3-6元醇如甘油、三羟甲基烷烃(如三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷)、季戊四醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、1,3,5-戊三醇、1,2,6-己三醇、1,2,3,4-丁四醇、山梨糖醇、山梨聚糖、山梨糖醇/甘油缩合物、阿东糖醇、阿糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇及其混合物;甚至更优选甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨聚糖及其混合物。特别优选氧含量至少为20%,优选至少为30%,更优选至少为40%的多元醇。高于六元醇的多元醇会过多地增加润滑油的粘度。
上述组分1.4包括选自1.1-1.3的醇的环氧烷加合物。具体来说,它们是通过如下方法制备的:向醇中加入具有2-6个碳原子,优选2-4个碳原子的环氧烷或其聚合物或共聚物,从而将醇的羟基烃基醚化或烃基酯化。具有2-6个碳原子的环氧烷包括环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷(α-环氧丁烷)、2,3-环氧丁烷(β-环氧丁烷)、1,2-环氧-1-甲基丙烷、1,2-环氧庚烷、1,2-环氧己烷。其中优选环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧丁烷,因为它们能够更有效地降低摩擦;更优选环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷。
当本申请中使用两种或多种不同类型的环氧烷时,对氧化烯的聚合模式没有具体定义,各个基团可以随机共聚或嵌段共聚。当环氧烷加入具有2-6个羟基的多元醇中时,可以加成到多元醇的所有羟基上,也可以加成到其中的部分羟基上。
上述羧酸是如下通式(2)表示的化合物:
R-(COOH)n (2)
例如含一个或多个羧基的化合物。
羧酸的例子如下。
2.1脂族一元羧酸(脂肪酸)。
2.2脂族多元羧酸。
2.3碳环羧酸。
2.4杂环羧酸。
2.5选自上述2.1-2.4的两种或多种羧酸的混合物。
具体来说,脂族一元羧酸(脂肪酸)是分子中有一个羧基的羧酸,例如其包括具有1-40个碳原子的饱和脂族一元羧酸(其中饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链),如甲酸、乙酸(醋酸)、丙酸、丁酸(丁酸、异丁酸等)、戊酸(戊酸、异戊酸、新戊酸等)、己酸(己酸等)、庚酸、辛酸(辛酸等)、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、十二烷酸(月桂酸等)、十三烷酸、十四烷酸(肉豆蔻酸等)、十五烷酸、十六烷酸(棕榈酸等)、十七烷酸、十八烷酸(硬脂酸等)、十九烷酸、二十烷酸、二十一烷酸、二十二烷酸、二十三烷酸、二十四烷酸、二十五烷酸、二十六烷酸、二十七烷酸、二十八烷酸、二十九烷酸、三十烷酸;具有1-40个碳原子的不饱和脂族一元羧酸(其中不饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处),如丙烯酸(丙烯酸等)、丙炔酸(丙炔酸等)、丁烯酸(甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸等)、戊烯酸、己烯酸、庚烯酸、辛烯酸、壬烯酸、癸烯酸、十一碳烯酸、十二碳烯酸、十三碳烯酸、十四碳烯酸、十五碳烯酸、十六碳烯酸、十七碳烯酸、十八碳烯酸(油酸等)、十九碳烯酸、二十碳烯酸、二十一碳烯酸、二十二碳烯酸、二十三碳烯酸、二十四碳烯酸、二十五碳烯酸、二十六碳烯酸、二十七碳烯酸、二十八碳烯酸、二十九碳烯酸、三十碳烯酸。
脂族多元羧酸包括具有2-40个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂族二元羧酸(其中饱和或不饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处),如乙烷二酸(草酸)、丙烷二酸(丙二酸等)、丁烷二酸(丁二酸、甲基丙二酸等)、戊烷二酸(戊二酸、乙基丙二酸等)、己烷二酸(己二酸等)、庚烷二酸(庚二酸等)、辛烷二酸(辛二酸等)、壬烷二酸(壬二酸等)、癸烷二酸(癸二酸等)、丙烯二酸、丁烯二酸(马来酸、富马酸等)、戊烯二酸(柠康酸、中康酸等)、己烯二酸、庚烯二酸、辛烯二酸、壬烯二酸、癸烯二酸;饱和或不饱和三元羧酸(其中饱和或不饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处),如丙烷三羧酸、丁烷三羧酸、戊烷三羧酸、己烷三羧酸、庚烷三羧酸、辛烷三羧酸、壬烷三羧酸、癸烷三羧酸;饱和或不饱和四元羧酸(其中饱和或不饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处)。
具体来说,碳环羧酸是碳环分子中有一个或多个羧基的羧酸,例如其包括具有含3-40个碳原子的一、二、三或四羧酸的环烷环(其中如果有烷基或烯基,则烷基或烯基可以是直链或支链,如果有双键,则双键可以在任何所需位置处,对取代基的数目和位置没有限制),例如环己烷一羧酸、甲基环己烷一羧酸、乙基环己烷一羧酸、丙基环己烷一羧酸、丁基环己烷一羧酸、戊基环己烷一羧酸、己基环己烷一羧酸、庚基环己烷一羧酸、辛基环己烷一羧酸、环庚烷一羧酸、环辛烷一羧酸、三甲基环戊烷二羧酸(樟脑酸等);具有7-40个碳原子的芳族一羧酸如苯羧酸(苯甲酸)、甲基苯羧酸(甲苯甲酸等)、乙基苯羧酸、丙基苯羧酸、苯二羧酸(邻苯二酸、间苯二酸、对苯二酸等)、苯三羧酸(偏苯三酸等)、苯四羧酸(1,2,4,5-苯四酸等);萘羧酸(萘甲酸等);具有带7-40个碳原子的芳基的一、二、三或四羧酸(其中如果有烷基或烯基作为取代基,则烷基或烯基可以是直链或支链,如果有双键,则双键可以在任何所需位置处,对取代基的数目和位置没有限制),例如苯基丙酸(氢化阿托酸)、苯基丙烯酸(阿托酸、肉桂酸等)、水杨酸、具有带1-30个碳原子的一个或多个烷基的烷基水杨酸。
具体来说,杂环羧酸是在分子中有一个或多个羧基的羧酸,例如其包括具有5-40个碳原子的羧酸,如呋喃羧酸、噻吩羧酸、吡啶羧酸(烟酸、异烟酸等)。
上述醚是如下通式(3)表示的化合物:
R-(O-R’)n (3)
例如含一个或多个醚键的化合物。
醚的例子如下。
3.1饱和或不饱和脂族醚。
3.2芳族醚。
3.3环醚。
3.4选自上述3.1-3.3的两种或多种醚的混合物。
具体来说,脂族单醚(饱和或不饱和脂族醚)是具有1-40个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂族醚(其中饱和或不饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处),例如二甲基醚、二乙基醚、二正丙基醚、二异丙基醚、二丁基醚、二异丁基醚、二正戊基醚、二异戊基醚、二己基醚、二庚基醚、二辛基醚、二壬基醚、二癸基醚、二(十一烷基)醚、二(十二烷基)醚、二(十三烷基)醚、二(十四烷基)醚、二(十五烷基)醚、二(十六烷基)醚、二(十七烷基)醚、二(十八烷基)醚、二(十九烷基)醚、二(二十烷基)醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基正丙基醚、甲基异丙基醚、甲基异丁基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基正戊基醚、甲基异戊基醚、乙基正丙基醚、乙基异丙基醚、乙基异丁基醚、乙基叔丁基醚、乙基正戊基醚、乙基异戊基醚、二乙烯基醚、二烯丙基醚、甲基乙烯基醚、甲基烯丙基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、乙基烯丙基醚。
具体来说,芳族醚的例子包括苯甲醚、苯乙醚、苯基醚、二苄醚、苯基苄基醚、α-萘基醚、β-萘基醚、聚苯基醚、全氟乙醚;这些醚可以具有饱和或不饱和基团(其中饱和或不饱和基团可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处,对取代基的数目和位置没有限制)。优选地,这些醚在使用条件下,特别是在室温下是液体。
具体来说,环醚是具有2-40个碳原子的醚,例如其包括环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧杂环己烷、缩水甘油醚;这些醚可以具有饱和或不饱和基团、碳环、或者具有碳环的饱和或不饱和脂族基团(其中饱和或不饱和基团可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任何所需位置处,对取代基的数目和位置没有限制)。
上述酯是如下通式(4)表示的化合物:
R-(COO-R’)n (4)
例如含一个或多个酯键的化合物。
酯的例子如下。
4.1脂族一元羧酸(脂肪酸)的酯。
4.2脂族多元羧酸的酯。
4.3碳环羧酸的酯。
4.4杂环羧酸的酯。
4.5醇或酯的环氧烷加合物。
4.6选自上述4.1-4.5的任何化合物的混合物。
上述4.1-4.5的酯可以是羟基和羧基都被酯化的全酯,也可以是部分羟基或羧基保持原样的偏酯。
上述4.1的组分是一种或多种选自上述脂族一元羧酸(脂肪酸)的酸和一种或多种选自上述一、二、三或更高级多元醇的醇的酯,其包括脂肪酸酯无灰摩擦改进剂。脂肪酸酯无灰摩擦改进剂是具有带6-30个,优选8-24个,更优选10-20个碳原子的直链或支链烃基的脂肪酸酯,其包括具有这样的烃基的脂肪酸和脂族一元醇或脂族多元醇的酯。脂肪酸在本发明中指的是脂族一元羧酸。具体来说,酯的优选例子是甘油一油酸酯、甘油二油酸酯、山梨聚糖一油酸酯、山梨聚糖二油酸酯等。在本发明中,可以不使用脂肪酸酯无灰摩擦改进剂。
除脂肪酸酯无灰摩擦改进剂之外的4.1组分包括具有带1-5个或31-40个碳原子的直链或支链烃基的脂肪酸酯。它们的例子是具有这样的烃基的脂肪酸和脂族一元醇或脂族多元醇的酯。
在上述组分中,100℃下的运动粘度为1-100mm2/s的那些酯可以用于润滑油的基础油,一般来说,它们不同于上述脂肪酸酯无灰摩擦改进剂。它们的例子是多元醇酯如单酯或复合酯,它们是由具有3-40、优选4-18、更优选4-12个碳原子的三元或更高级多元醇,特别是具有新戊基结构的三元或更高级多元醇与选自具有1-40、优选4-18、更优选6-12个碳原子的一元羧酸的一种或多种羧酸形成,它们的混合物或其上加成有环氧烷的加合物,如三羟甲基丙烷辛酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷壬酸酯、季戊四醇2-乙基己酸酯、季戊四醇壬酸酯。这些酯可以是羟基和羧基都被酯化的全酯,也可以是部分羟基或羧基保持原样的偏酯。但优选是全酯。这些酯的羟基值通常至多是100mgKOH/g,优选至多是50mgKOH/g,更优选至多是10mgKOH/g。
用于润滑油的基础油在100℃下的运动粘度优选是2-60mm2/s,更优选3-50mm2/s。
4.2组分是一种或多种选自上述脂族多元羧酸的酸和一种或多种选自上述一、二、三或更高级多元醇的醇的酯。优选的例子是一种或多种选自具有2-40,优选4-18,更优选6-12个碳原子的二元羧酸的多元羧酸和一种或多种选自具有4-40个,优选4-18个,更优选6-14个碳原子的一元醇的酯,例如马来酸二丁酯、谷氨酸二(十三烷基)酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、己二酸二异癸酯、己二酸二(十三烷基)酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、这些二酯(如马来酸二丁酯)和具有4-16个碳原子的聚α-烯烃的共聚物;乙酸酐等的α-烯烃加合物和具有1-40个碳原子的醇的酯。在这些化合物中,100℃下的运动粘度为1-100mm2/s的那些酯可以用于润滑油的基础油。
4.3组分是一种或多种选自上述碳环羧酸的酸和一种或多种选自上述一、二、三或更高级多元醇的醇的酯,优选的例子是芳族羧酸酯,例如苯二酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、1,2,4,5-苯四酸酯、水杨酸酯。在这些酯中,100℃下的运动粘度为1-100mm2/s的那些酯可以用于润滑油的基础油。
4.4组分是一种或多种选自上述杂环羧酸的酸和一种或多种选自上述一、二、三或更高级多元醇的醇的酯。在这些酯中,100℃下的运动粘度为1-100mm2/s的那些酯可以用于润滑油的基础油。
4.5组分包括向一种或多种选自上述一、二、三或更高级多元醇的醇上加成环氧烷然后将其酯化制备的酯;以及向选自上述4.1-4.4组分的酯上加成环氧烷制备的加合物。在这些化合物中,100℃下的运动粘度为1-100mm2/s的那些酯可以用于润滑油的基础油。
酮是如下通式(5)表示的化合物:
R-(CO-R’)n (5)
例如含一个或多个羰基的化合物。
上述酮的具体例子包括:
5.1饱和或不饱和脂族酮;
5.2碳环酮;
5.3杂环酮;
5.4酮醇;
5.5酮酸;
5.6两种或多种选自上述五类酮的混合物。
具体来说,饱和或不饱和脂族酮(5.1)可以是具有1-40个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂族酮(可以是直链或支链,在任意位置处可以有不饱和键),例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基丙基酮、甲基异丙基酮、甲基丁基酮、甲基异丁基酮、叔酮、二乙基酮、二丙基甲酮、二异丙基酮、甲基乙烯基酮、异亚丙基丙酮或5-庚烯-2-酮。
具体来说,碳环酮(5.2)同样可以是具有1-40个碳原子的碳环酮,例如环丁酮、环戊酮、环己酮、苯乙酮、苯基乙基酮、丙基苯基甲酮、异丁基苯基甲酮、苯酮、二苄基甲酮或2-萘乙酮,它们可以具有饱和或不饱和脂族基团(可以是直链或支链,可以在不饱和键的任意位置处,取代基的位置和数目也是任意的)。
具体来说,杂环酮(5.3)同样可以是具有1-40个碳原子的碳环酮,例如噻嗯基乙酮或2-乙酰呋喃酮,它们可以具有饱和或不饱和脂族基团(可以是直链或支链,可以在不饱和键的任意位置处,取代基的位置和数目也是任意的)。
具体来说,酮醇(5.4)同样可以是具有1-40个碳原子的酮醇,例如丙酮醇、乙偶姻、乙酰乙基醇、二丙酮醇、苯甲酰甲醇或苯偶姻,它们可以具有碳环或杂环,也可以具有带饱和或不饱和脂族基团的碳环或杂环(脂族基团可以是直链或支链,可以在不饱和键的任意位置处,取代基的位置和数目也是任意的)。
具体来说,酮酸(5.5)同样可以是具有1-40个碳原子的酮酸,例如α-酮酸如piruvic acid、苯甲酰甲酸或phenylpiruvic acid,β-酮酸如乙酰乙酸、丙酰乙酸或苯甲酰乙酸,或者γ-酮酸如乙酰丙酸或β-苯甲酰丙酸。
醛是如下通式(6)表示的有机含氧化合物:
R(CHO)n (6)
例如具有一个或两个醛基的化合物。
上述醛的具体例子包括:
6.1饱和或不饱和脂族醛;
6.2碳环醛;
6.3杂环醛;
6.4选自上述三类醛的两种或多种的混合物。
具体来说,饱和或不饱和脂族醛(6.1)可以是具有1-40个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂族醛(这样的饱和或不饱和脂族结构可以是直链或支链,不饱和键可以在任意位置处),例如甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、新戊醛、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、十一烷醛、月桂醛、十三烷醛、肉豆蔻醛、十五烷醛、棕榈醛、十七烷醛、硬脂醛、丙烯醛、巴豆醛、丙醛、乙二醛或丁二醛。
具体来说,碳环醛(6.2)可以是具有1-40个碳原子的碳环醛,例如苯甲醛、邻甲苯甲醛、间甲苯甲醛、对甲苯甲醛、水杨醛、肉桂醛、α-萘甲醛或β-萘甲醛,它们可以具有饱和或不饱和脂族基团(可以是直链或支链,可以在不饱和键的任意位置处,取代基的位置和数目也是任意的)。
具体来说,杂环醛(6.3)可以是具有1-40个碳原子的杂环醛,例如糠醛,它们可以具有饱和或不饱和脂族基团(可以是直链或支链,可以在不饱和键的任意位置处,取代基的位置和数目也是任意的)。
碳酸酯是如下通式(7)表示的有机含氧化合物:
R-(O-COO-R’)n (7)
例如具有一个或两个碳酸酯键的化合物。
具体来说,碳酸酯可以是具有1-40个碳原子的碳酸酯,其具有饱和或不饱和脂族基团、碳环基团、具有饱和或不饱和脂族基团的碳环基团或具有碳环基团的饱和或不饱和脂族基团(这样的饱和或不饱和脂族基团可以是直链或支链,可以在不饱和键的任意位置处,取代基的位置和数目也是任意的),例如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二正丙酯、碳酸二异丙酯、碳酸二正丁酯、碳酸二异丁酯、碳酸二叔丁酯、碳酸二戊酯、碳酸二己酯、碳酸二庚酯、碳酸二辛酯、碳酸二壬酯、碳酸二癸酯、碳酸二(十一烷)酯、碳酸二(十二烷)酯、碳酸二(十三烷)酯、碳酸二(十四烷)酯、碳酸二(十五烷)酯、碳酸二(十六烷)酯、碳酸二(十七烷)酯、碳酸二(十八烷)酯、或碳酸二苯酯、或在这些碳酸酯上加成环氧烷的羟基(聚)氧亚烷基碳酸酯。
同样,上述有机含氧化合物(醇、羧酸、酯、醚、酮、醛和碳酸酯)的衍生物的例子是上述有机含氧化合物与如下化合物反应得到的化合物:含氮化合物、含磷化合物、硫或含硫化合物、含硼化合物、卤素或含卤素化合物、金属元素、含金属化合物(有机或无机化合物),但是不限于这些例子。用于得到所述衍生物的上述化合物一般用作添加剂,但将其用在基础油中时,对其作用没有特别限制。
另一方面,通式(1)-(7)中的R和R’各自独立地表示烃基如烷基、烯基、亚烷基、环烷基、烷基环烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基(这些烃基还可以含有选自羟基、羧基、羰基、酯键和醚键的一种或多种基团或键,还可以含有不是碳、氢和氧的元素如氮或硫(如杂环化合物)、卤素(如氟或氯)、磷、硼或金属)。
对烃基的碳原子数目没有特别限制,但是优选1-40个碳原子,更优选2-30个碳原子,特别优选3-20个碳原子。在烃基还含有上述的羟基和/或羧基的情况下,羟基和/或羧基的含量没有特别限制,但是以组合物(例如润滑油)的总量计,其优选为10-1000ppm。
烷基的例子包括具有1-40个碳原子的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、直链或支链戊基、直链或支链己基、直链或支链庚基、直链或支链辛基、直链或支链壬基、直链或支链癸基、直链或支链十一烷基、直链或支链十二烷基、直链或支链十三烷基、直链或支链十四烷基、直链或支链十五烷基、直链或支链十六烷基、直链或支链十七烷基、直链或支链十八烷基、直链或支链十九烷基、直链或支链二十烷基、直链或支链二十一烷基、直链或支链二十二烷基、直链或支链二十三烷基或直链或支链二十四烷基,优选具有2-30个碳原子的烷基,特别优选具有3-20个碳原子的烷基。
烯基的例子包括具有2-40个碳原子的烯基,例如乙烯基、直链或支链丙烯基、直链或支链丁烯基、直链或支链戊烯基、直链或支链己烯基、直链或支链庚烯基、直链或支链辛烯基、直链或支链壬烯基、直链或支链癸烯基、直链或支链十一碳烯基、直链或支链十二碳烯基、直链或支链十三碳烯基、直链或支链十四碳烯基、直链或支链十五碳烯基、直链或支链十六碳烯基、直链或支链十七碳烯基、直链或支链十八碳烯基、直链或支链十九碳烯基、直链或支链二十碳烯基、直链或支链二十一碳烯基、直链或支链二十二碳烯基、直链或支链二十三碳烯基或直链或支链二十四碳烯基,优选具有2-30个碳原子的烯基,特别优选具有3-20个碳原子的烯基。
环烷基的例子包括具有3-40个碳原子的环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基、环庚基或环辛基,优选具有3-20个碳原子的环烷基,特别优选具有5-8个碳原子的环烷基。
烷基环烷基的例子包括具有4-40个碳原子的烷基环烷基,例如甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基(包括所有结构异构体)、甲基乙基环戊基(包括所有结构异构体)、二乙基环戊基(包括所有结构异构体)、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基(包括所有结构异构体)、甲基乙基环己基(包括所有结构异构体)、二乙基环己基(包括所有结构异构体)、甲基环庚基、二甲基环庚基(包括所有结构异构体)、甲基乙基环庚基(包括所有结构异构体)或二乙基环庚基(包括所有结构异构体),优选具有5-20个碳原子的烷基环烷基,特别优选具有6-12个碳原子的烷基环烷基。
芳基的例子包括具有6-20个碳原子的芳基,例如苯基或萘基,优选具有6-10个碳原子的芳基。
烷基芳基的例子包括具有7-40个碳原子的烷基芳基,例如单取代苯基如甲苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、乙苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链丙苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链丁苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链戊苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链己苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链庚苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链辛苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链壬苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链癸苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、直链或支链十一烷基苯基(包括所有结构异构体)或直链或支链十二烷基苯基(包括所有结构异构体);或者具有两个或多个相同或不同的直链或支链烷基的芳基如二甲苯基(包括所有结构异构体)、二乙苯基、二丙苯基、2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基或2,6-二叔丁基-4-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-苯甲基)苯基(烷基还可以包括芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,还包括所有结构异构体),优选具有7-20个碳原子的烷基芳基,特别优选具有7-12个碳原子的烷基芳基。
同样,芳基烷基的例子包括具有7-40个碳原子的芳基烷基,例如苯甲基、苯乙基、苯丙基(包括丙基的异构体)、苯丁基(包括丁基的异构体)、苯戊基(包括戊基的异构体)或苯己基(包括己基的异构体),优选具有7-20个碳原子的芳基烷基,特别优选具有7-12个碳原子的芳基烷基。
上述有机含氧有机化合物的衍生物可以和含有机氧有机化合物一样使用。具体来说,衍生物的例子包括将选自上述醇、羧酸、酯、醚、酮、醛和碳酸酯中的一种硫化制备的化合物;将其卤化(氟化、氯化)制备的化合物;它们与酸如硫酸、硝酸、硼酸、磷酸或其酯或金属盐的反应产物;它们与金属、含金属化合物或胺化合物的反应产物。
其中优选选自醇、羧酸及其衍生物的一种或多种物质与胺化合物的反应产物(如曼尼烯(Mannich)反应产物、酰化产物、酰胺)。
本申请中优选的胺化合物包括氨、单胺、二胺和多胺。更具体地说,它们的例子是氨;具有碳原子数为1-30的烷基的烷基胺(其中烷基可以是直链或支链),例如甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、庚胺、辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一烷基胺、十二烷基胺、十三烷基胺、十四烷基胺、十五烷基胺、十六烷基胺、十七烷基胺、十八烷基胺、硬脂胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二丁胺、二戊胺、二己胺、二庚胺、二辛胺、二壬胺、二癸胺、二(十一烷基)胺、二(十二烷基)胺、二(十三烷基)胺、二(十四烷基)胺、二(十五烷基)胺、二(十六烷基)胺、二(十七烷基)胺、二(十八烷基)胺、甲乙胺、甲丙胺、甲丁胺、乙丙胺、乙丁胺和丙丁胺;具有碳原子数为2-30的烯基的烯基胺(其中烯基可以是直链或支链),例如乙烯基胺、丙烯基胺、丁烯基胺、辛烯基胺和油基胺;具有碳原子数为1-30的烷醇基团的烷醇胺(其中烷醇基团可以是直链或支链),例如甲醇胺、乙醇胺、丙醇胺、丁醇胺、戊醇胺、己醇胺、庚醇胺、辛醇胺、壬醇胺、甲醇乙醇胺、甲醇丙醇胺、甲醇丁醇胺、乙醇丙醇胺、乙醇丁醇胺和丙醇丁醇胺;具有碳原子数为1-30的亚烷基的亚烷基二胺如亚甲基二胺、亚乙基二胺、亚丙基二胺和亚丁基二胺;多胺如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺;衍生自上述单胺、二胺或多胺且还具有碳原子数为8-20的烷基或烯基的化合物,如十一烷基二乙胺、十一烷基二乙醇胺、十二烷基二丙胺、油基二乙醇胺、油基亚丙基二胺、硬脂基四亚乙基五胺;杂环化合物如N-羟乙基油基咪唑啉;这些化合物的环氧烷加合物;及其混合物。
在这些含氮化合物中,优选具有碳原子数为10-20的烷基或烯基的脂族胺(这些烷基或烯基可以是直链或支链),例如癸胺、十二烷基胺、十三烷基胺、十七烷基胺、十八烷基胺、油基胺和硬脂胺。
在这些含氧有机化合物的衍生物中,优选具有8-20个碳原子的碳酰胺如油酰胺。
虽然上述有机含氧化合物单独(即100%)用在由滑动件构成的滑动表面位置中时即可具有极其优异的低摩擦性能,但是通过在这些滑动表面位置处提供用如下方法制备的润滑剂也可以达到润滑性:向有机含氧化合物中加入一种介质(如润滑油)。将会理解的是即使向该滑动表面位置提供含有机含氧化合物的水溶液也可以得到较高的摩擦降低效果。
介质的例子有矿物油、合成油、天然油脂、稀释油、润滑脂、蜡、烃溶剂、除烃溶剂以外的非烃有机溶剂、水或其混合物,特别是在滑动条件下或常温下是液态、脂态或蜡态的介质。对有机含氧化合物在这些介质中的含量没有特别限制,但是其下限值通常是0.001%,优选0.05%,更优选0.1%,其含量可以超过3.0%。另外如上所述,其上限值可以是100%,但是优选50%,更优选20%,进一步优选10%,特别优选5%,其加入量即使很少如0.1-2%也能够达到优异的低摩擦性能。
对于所述介质,特别优选使用润滑油基础油(润滑油的基础油),对这类润滑油基础油没有特别限制,可以使用任何常用的用于润滑剂组合物的矿物油型或合成型基础油。
矿物油型润滑油基础油的例子包括用如下方法制备的产品:用常压或减压蒸馏原油得到润滑剂馏分,然后对润滑剂馏分进行至少一种如下处理方法:溶剂脱沥青、溶剂提取、加氢分解、溶剂脱蜡、加氢提纯和蜡异构化,特别是经过加氢分解、加氢提纯或蜡异构化的基础油。在这些产品中,优选通过加氢提纯或加氢分解得到的矿物油或通过将费托法得到的GTL(气至液)蜡或在润滑油脱蜡步骤中得到的富含正链烷烃的蜡异构化得到的异链烷烃矿物油。
合成型润滑油基础油的例子包括:前文所述烷基萘、烷基苯、聚丁烯及其氢化产品;聚α-烯烃,如1-辛烯低聚物、1-癸烯低聚物或其氢化产品;在前面描述的在100℃下的运动粘度为1-100mm2/s的酯;及其混合物。除这些酯外,合成型润滑油基础油的优选例子包括聚α-烯烃,如1-辛烯低聚物、1-癸烯低聚物及其氢化产品。另外对于酯,特别优选多元醇酯。
除了单独或作为混合物使用矿物油型润滑油基础油或合成型润滑油基础油外,还可以使用两种或多种矿物油型基础油或合成型基础油的混合物。同样在这些混合物中,对两种或多种基础油的混合比没有特别限制,可以任意选择。
对润滑油基础油中的芳烃总含量也没有特别限制,但优选是15%或更低,更优选10%或更低,进一步更优选8%。当润滑油基础油中的芳烃总含量大于15%时,将导致氧化稳定性变差,因此是不可取的。即使润滑油基础油中的芳烃总含量为2%或更低,甚至是0%时,也能够得到具有高的降低摩擦作用的组合物,例如在酯润滑油基础油如高度氢化分解的矿物油、蜡异构化矿物油、聚α-烯烃或氢化产物、1-癸烯低聚物的氢化产物、多元醇酯或其混合物中。在有机含氧化合物(不包括用作润滑油基础油的酯)含量大于2%的情况下,因为储存稳定性可能受到破坏,所以如果需要,可以通过混合溶剂提纯矿物油或烷基苯,或者使用酯用作润滑油基础油来调节润滑油基础油中的芳烃总含量(例如2%或更高)。“芳烃总含量”表示根据ASTM D2549测定的芳烃馏分含量,这些芳烃馏分通常含有烷基苯、烷基萘、蒽、菲、其烷基化产品、其中四个或多个苯环稠合的化合物和含有杂环芳香结构的化合物如嘧啶、喹啉、苯酚和萘酚。
同样对润滑油基础油的运动粘度没有特别限制,但是在用作内燃机的润滑剂组合物的情况下,100℃下的运动粘度优选是2mm2/s或更高,更优选3mm2/s或更高,而其上限优选是20mm2/s或更低,更优选10mm2/s或更低,特别优选8mm2/s或更低。当润滑油基础油在100℃下的运动粘度是2mm2/s或更高时,可以得到能够充分形成油膜的组合物,基础油在高温条件下也具有优异的润滑性能和较小的蒸发损失。而另一方面,当100℃下的运动粘度是20mm2/s或更低时,能够降低流体阻力,从而能够得到在润滑位置处具有更小摩擦阻力的组合物。
另外,对润滑油基础油的粘度指数没有特别限制,但是优选是80或更高,并且在用作内燃机的润滑剂组合物的情况下,优选是100或更高,更优选120或更高,可以在140-250范围内。高粘度指数的润滑油基础油能够得到不仅低温粘度性能优异而且降低摩擦的性能优异的组合物。
为了改进所需性能,润滑油还可以包括单独或多种组合使用的无灰分散剂、耐磨剂或极压剂、金属基清洁剂、抗氧化剂、粘度指数改进剂、另一种摩擦调节剂、防锈剂、非离子表面活性剂、破乳剂、金属钝化剂或消泡剂。
作为无灰分散剂,可以使用各种已知的无灰分散剂。例如可以有利地使用聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物。
可用于本发明的聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺的具体例子包括下面通式(1)和(2)表示的化合物。
在通式(1)和(2)中,n表示1-5的整数,优选2-4的整数,以得到良好的清洁作用。另外,PIB表示衍生自聚丁烯的聚丁烯基。可以用如下方法制备聚丁烯:在氟化硼催化剂或氯化铝催化剂的存在下将高纯度异丁烯或1-丁烯和异丁烯的混合物聚合,使聚丁烯的数均分子量达到900-3500,优选1000-2000。当聚丁烯的数均分子量低于900时,有可能起不到充分清洁的作用。当聚丁烯的数均分子量高于3500时,聚丁烯可能会破坏低温流动性。在生产聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺时,可以用任意合适的处理方法(如吸附法或洗涤法)将来自上述聚丁烯生产催化剂的痕量氟和氯残余物除去,以此在提纯后使用聚丁烯。优选将氟和氯残余物的含量控制为50ppm或更低,更优选10ppm或更低,最优选1ppm或更低。
对聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺的生产方法没有特别限制。例如可以用如下方法制备聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺:使上述聚丁烯或除去氟和氯残余物的聚丁烯的氯化物与马来酸酐在100-200℃下反应,形成聚丁烯基琥珀酸酯,然后使如此形成的聚丁烯基琥珀酸酯与多胺(如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺或五亚乙基六胺)反应。
聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺衍生物的例子是式(1)和(2)的聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺与硼化合物或含氧有机化合物反应以将全部或部分剩余的氨基和/或酰亚胺中和或酰胺化而得到的硼和酸改性化合物。其中优选使用含硼聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺,特别是含硼双(聚丁烯基)琥珀酰亚胺。
上述硼化合物可以是硼酸、硼酸盐或硼酸酯。硼酸的具体例子包括原硼酸、偏硼酸和对硼酸。硼酸盐的具体例子包括硼酸铵的铵盐如偏硼酸铵、四硼酸铵、五硼酸铵和八硼酸铵。硼酸酯的具体例子包括:硼酸和烷醇(优选C1-C6烷醇)的酯,如硼酸一甲酯、硼酸二甲酯、硼酸三甲酯、硼酸一乙酯、硼酸二乙酯、硼酸三乙酯、硼酸一丙酯、硼酸二丙酯、硼酸三丙酯、硼酸一丁酯、硼酸二丁酯和硼酸三丁酯。在本发明的含硼聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺中,氮与硼的质量含量比(B/N)通常是0.1-3,优选0.2-1。
上述含氧有机化合物的例子有:C1-C30一元羧酸如甲酸、乙酸、乙二醇酸、丙酸、乳酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、月桂酸、十三烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、十九烷酸和二十烷酸;C2-C30多元羧酸如草酸、苯二酸、偏苯三酸和1,2,4,5-苯四酸,其酸酐和酯;C2-C6环氧烷;及羟基(聚)氧亚烷基碳酸酯。
对聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺和/或其衍生物在介质(例如润滑油)中的加入量没有特别限制,以润滑油的总质量计,其加入量优选是0.1-15%,更优选1.0-12%。当聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺和/或其衍生物的加入量低于0.1%时,可能达不到充分的清洁作用。当聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺和/或其衍生物的加入量高于15%时,则很不经济。另外,这么大量的聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺和/或其衍生物会导致反乳化性能的劣化。
不同于上述聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺和/或其衍生物的无灰分散剂的例子有:都具有数均分子量为900-3500的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯基苯甲胺和聚丁烯基胺,具有数均分子量小于900的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺及其衍生物。
作为抗氧化剂和耐磨剂,有多种已知的化合物可以与有机含氧化合物或含有机含氧化合物的介质混合。抗氧化剂和耐磨剂的优选例子为由下面通式(3)表示的二硫代磷酸锌:
在通式(3)中,R4、R5、R6和R7各自表示C1-C24烃基。C1-C24烃基优选是C1-C24直链或支链烷基、C3-C24直链或支链烯基、C5-C13环烷基或直链或支链烷基环烷基、C6-C18芳基或直链或支链烷基芳基、或C7-C19芳基烷基。上述烷基或烯基可以是伯、仲或叔烷基或烯基。R4、R5、R6和R7的具体例子包括:烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基和二十四烷基;烯基,例如丙烯基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、丁二烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一碳烯基、十二碳烯基、十三碳烯基、十四碳烯基、十五碳烯基、十六碳烯基、十七碳烯基、十八碳烯基(油基)、十九碳烯基、二十碳烯基、二十一碳烯基、二十二碳烯基、二十三碳烯基和二十四碳烯基;环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基和环庚基;烷基环烷基,例如甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、乙基环戊基、丙基环戊基、乙基甲基环戊基、三甲基环戊基、二乙基环戊基、乙基二甲基环戊基、丙基甲基环戊基、丙基乙基环戊基、二丙基环戊基、丙基乙基甲基环戊基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、乙基环己基、丙基环己基、乙基甲基环己基、三甲基环己基、二乙基环己基、乙基二甲基环己基、丙基甲基环己基、丙基乙基环己基、二丙基环己基、丙基乙基甲基环己基、甲基环庚基、二甲基环庚基、乙基环庚基、丙基环庚基、乙基甲基环庚基、三甲基环庚基、二乙基环庚基、乙基二甲基环庚基、丙基甲基环庚基、丙基乙基环庚基、二丙基环庚基和丙基乙基甲基环庚基;芳基,例如苯基和萘基;烷基芳基,例如甲苯基、二甲苯基、乙苯基、丙苯基、乙基甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、丁苯基、丙基甲基苯基、二乙苯基、乙基二甲基苯基、四甲基苯基、戊苯基、己苯基、庚苯基、辛苯基、壬苯基、癸苯基、十一烷基苯基和十二烷基苯基;芳基烷基,例如苯甲基、甲基苯甲基、二甲基苯甲基、苯乙基、甲基苯乙基和二甲基苯乙基。上述烃基包括所有可能的异构体。
上述烃基包括所有可以考虑的直链或支链结构。烯基双键的位置、烷基与环烷基的键联位置及烷基与芳基的键联位置都是任意的。
可用于本发明的二硫代磷酸锌的具体例子包括二异丙基二硫代磷酸锌、二异丁基二硫代磷酸锌、二仲丁基二硫代磷酸锌、二仲戊基二硫代磷酸锌、二正己基二硫代磷酸锌、二仲己基二硫代磷酸锌、二辛基二硫代磷酸锌、二-2-乙基己基二硫代磷酸锌、二正癸基二硫代磷酸锌、二正十二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、二异十三烷基二硫代磷酸锌及其混合物。
对二硫代磷酸锌在润滑油中的加入量没有特别限制。为了产生更高的降低摩擦的作用,以润滑油的总质量计,用磷元素表示的二硫代磷酸锌含量优选是0.1%或更低,更优选0.06%或更低,最优选是其最低有效量。当二硫代磷酸锌含量大于0.1%时,可能抑制无灰脂肪酸酯摩擦改进剂和/或无灰脂族胺摩擦改进剂的作用,特别是在DLC薄膜和由铁基材料制成的相对件之间的滑动表面(平面)处。
可以用任何已知的方法制备二硫代磷酸锌。例如可以用如下方法制备二硫代磷酸锌:使具有在上述化学通式(3)中的R4、R5、R6和R7烃基的醇或酚与五硫化磷反应,形成二硫代磷酸,然后用氧化锌中和如此形成的二硫代磷酸。在本申请中,二硫代磷酸锌的分子结构随用作二硫代磷酸锌生产原料的醇或酚而不同。
其它耐磨剂或极压添加剂的例子有:二硫化物、硫化油脂、烯烃硫化物、具有1-3个C2-C20烃基的磷酸酯、硫代磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、硫代亚磷酸酯以及这些酯的胺盐。
如上所述,在本发明中,当在滑动件的滑动表面间应用时,有机含氧化合物能表现出极其优异的低摩擦特性。为了提高有机含氧化合物或含有机含氧化合物的介质的性能,其可以与如下所述的其它添加剂混合。
一种添加剂是金属清洁剂,其可以为一般用于润滑油的任何金属清洁剂化合物。可用于本发明的金属清洁剂的具体例子包括碱金属或碱土金属的磺酸盐、酚盐和水杨酸盐;及其两种或多种的混合物。碱金属的例子包括钠(Na)和钾(K),碱土金属的例子包括钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)。在本发明中可以适当使用钠和钙的磺酸盐、钠和钙的酚盐、钠和钙的水杨酸盐。可以根据润滑油需要的性能选择金属清洁剂的总碱值和含量。根据ISO 3771“高氯酸电位滴定法确定碱值(Determinationof base number-Perchloric acid potentiometric titration method)”的高氯酸法测定的金属清洁剂的总碱值通常是0-500mgKOH/g,优选150-400mgKOH/g。以润滑油的总质量计,金属清洁剂的含量通常是0.1-10%。
另一种添加剂是抗氧化剂,其可以是一般用于润滑油的任何抗氧化剂化合物。可用于本发明的抗氧化剂的具体例子包括:酚类抗氧化剂,如4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)和十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯;氨基抗氧化剂,如苯基-α-萘胺、烷基苯基-α-萘胺和烷基二苯胺;及其两种或多种的混合物。以润滑油的总质量计,抗氧化剂的含量通常是0.01-5%。
另一种添加剂是粘度指数改进剂,其例子有:非分散型粘度指数改进剂,如选自各种甲基丙烯酸的一种或两种单体的共聚物和该共聚物的氢化物;分散型粘度指数改进剂,如甲基丙烯酸酯(包括氮化合物)的共聚物。如下物质也可以用作粘度指数改进剂:乙烯和α-烯烃(如丙烯、1-丁烯和1-戊烯)的共聚物及其氢化物、聚异丁烯及其氢化物、苯乙烯和二烯的氢化共聚物、苯乙烯和马来酸酐的共聚物和聚烷基苯乙烯。
粘度指数改进剂的分子量要根据剪切稳定性选择。例如用于分散型或非分散型聚甲基丙烯酸酯时,粘度指数改进剂的数均分子量要求是5000-1000000,更希望是100000-800000;用于聚异丁烯及其氢化物时,要求是800-5000;用于乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物及其氢化物时,要求是800-300000,更希望是10000-200000。上述粘度指数改进剂可以单独使用,也可以以两种或多种的混合物形式使用。以润滑油的总质量计,粘度指数改进剂的量优选为0.1-40.0%。
另一种添加剂是不同于上述的另一类无灰摩擦改进剂,所述无灰摩擦改进剂的例子有:无灰摩擦改进剂如硼酸酯、高级醇和脂族醚,金属摩擦改进剂如二硫代磷酸钼、二硫代氨基甲酸钼和二硫化钼。
另一种添加剂是防锈剂,其例子有:烷基苯磺酸盐、二壬基萘磺酸盐、烯基琥珀酸酯和多元醇酯。
另一种添加剂是非离子表面活性剂或破乳剂,其例子有:非离子聚亚烷基二醇表面活性剂如聚氧亚乙基烷基醚、聚氧亚乙基烷基苯基醚、聚氧亚乙基烷基萘基醚。
另一种添加剂是金属钝化剂,其例子有:咪唑啉化合物、嘧啶衍生物、噻唑和苯并三唑。
另一种添加剂是消泡剂,其例子有:硅酮、氟硅酮和氟代烷基醚。
当在润滑油(组合物)中应用上述这些添加剂时,以润滑油的总质量计,其它摩擦改进剂、防锈剂或破乳剂的含量通常都是0.01-5%,以润滑油的总质量计,金属钝化剂的含量是0.0005-1%。
试验
下面参考实施例和对比例更清楚地描述本发明,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1-9和对比例1-3
[制备滑动件(销钉和圆盘)]
制备用于盘上销钉(单体)摩擦评估试验的滑动件(销钉和圆盘)样品。利用其基本部件如图1所示的试验仪器进行盘上销钉摩擦评估试验,其中每个试验使用三个销钉和一个圆盘。
<销钉的基底材料>
通过磨削将热处理的SUJ2材料(根据JIS G 4805)制成一定的销钉形状,然后用研磨带抛光将销钉形状的材料修整成各种表面粗糙度(Ra为0.1μm或更小)。从而生产出销钉的基底材料。
<圆盘的基底材料>
将热处理的SUJ2材料或其它材料的圆盘状材料进行一定的老化硬化处理,然后通过抛光将与销钉接触的滑动表面修整为各种表面粗糙度。从而生产出圆盘的基底材料。
<表面处理>
用石墨作为靶体,用PVD法或CVD法在如此修整的销钉基底材料或圆盘基底材料的表面上涂覆“a-C(a-C类DLC)”、“DLC(a-C:H(10原子%)类)”或“DLC(a-C:H(20原子%)类)”,从而在基底材料的表面上形成涂层(硬碳薄膜)。然后用研磨带抛光将涂层表面修整成各种表面粗糙度(Ra为0.1μm或更小)。
从而制备出用于盘上销钉摩擦评估试验的销钉和圆盘样品。
测量销钉和圆盘,得到如表1所示的涂层厚度(表示为“膜厚度”)、表面硬度(Hv)和表面粗糙度(Ra)。
滑动件规格和测量结果示于表1中。在表1中,“Ex.”表示实施例;“Comp.Ex.”表示对比例。
[润滑油的制备]
(a)向PAO(聚α-烯烃)中加入作为摩擦调节剂的1质量%的GMO(单油酸甘油酯)、醚(单油基甘油基醚)、酰胺(油基酰胺)或胺,以制备实施例1、2、4-9的润滑油。
(b)实施例3用甘油作润滑油。
(c)对比例1和2用润滑油(SAE 5W-30)作润滑油。
(d)对比例3用PAO作润滑油。
[盘上销钉摩擦评估试验]
通过组合表1所示的滑动件并应用润滑油(组合物)而为每一个实施例制备低摩擦滑动机构。然后如下所述对低摩擦滑动机构进行盘上销钉摩擦评估试验,测定摩擦系数:
将销钉和圆盘按照图1放置,其中三个销钉(表示为“啮合销钉(刚性)”)以50Kgf的负荷压在圆盘(表示为“测试件”)上,使实施例1-5和对比例1和3的最大赫兹接触压力为700MPa,而实施例6-9和对比例2的最大赫兹接触压力为80MPa。每个销钉的直径是5mm,长度为5mm。将图1所示的销钉和圆盘浸泡在油温为80℃的油浴中的润滑油中。圆盘以30rpm的转速(0.03m/s)旋转60分钟。结果也示于表1中。
正如表1所验证的实施例1-9的摩擦评估试验的结果表明,实施例1-9的所有样品均具有非常好的低摩擦系数。例如,按照实施例1-9,可以得到相对于对比例1和对比例2来说约40%或更高的摩擦降低效果,其中对比例1涉及在通用汽油燃料发动机中应用的钢材料的组合,而对比例2涉及钢和铝合金的组合。另外,按照实施例1-9,可以得到相对于如下情况来说约20%或更高的摩擦降低效果:在不含有机含氧化合物的润滑油PAO的存在下,组合DLC材料和钢使其相互之间滑动接触。另外,实施例1-9的样品在摩擦评估试验完成后,检查其滑动表面没有发现问题,从而证明它们具有非常优异的耐磨性能。
按照实施例4-5,相比于应用具有约10原子%氢含量的DLC材料的实施例4和应用基本上不含氢的a-C类DLC材料的其它实施例的样品来说,应用具有约20原子%氢含量的DLC材料的实施例5的样品在摩擦降低效果方面明显有所降低。
因此,正如实施例1-9中所述,在含摩擦调节剂的润滑油的存在下,在包含可滑动的滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构中可以得到极大的摩擦降低效果。另外,可以肯定a-C类DLC材料是是构成硬碳薄膜或涂层的合适材料。
虽然已经参考实施例和对比例描述了本发明,但是应当理解的是,本发明不限于此,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围内,可以进行多种变化和改进。例如本发明的效果可以预期在应用本发明的所有机械滑动件或零件中实现,并且这种效果是显著的摩擦降低效果,其与改进发动机的燃料经济直接相关。
如上所述,按照本发明,当在有机含氧化合物的存在下,在滑动件与相对件的滑动表面滑动接触时,在滑动件的滑动表面上形成具有确定官能团的极薄摩擦膜。因此,本发明能够提供相比于其中形成含MOS2的膜的传统滑动膜和滑动机构来说具有低剪切力的低摩擦滑动件和低摩擦滑动机构。
本申请中引入如下日本专利申请的全部内容作为参考:2003年8月21日申请的No.2003-208278。
尽管已经参考本发明的某些实施方案和实施例描述了本发明,但本发明不局限于上述实施方案和实施例。对于本领域普通技术人员来说,在上述教导下可以对上述实施方案和实施例进行改进和变化。本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书定义。
Claims (10)
1.一种低摩擦滑动机构,其包括:
第一低摩擦滑动件,其包括具有表面的基底材料和在所述基底材料的至少部分表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金钢石碳形成,当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,其中有机含氧化合物是选自单油酸甘油酯、单油基甘油基醚、油基酰胺和胺;
用作相对件和具有滑动表面的第二低摩擦滑动件,所述第二低摩擦滑动件包括具有基底材料表面的基底材料和在至少部分所述滑动表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金钢石碳形成,当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜;和
存在于滑动表面位置上的润滑油,所述滑动表面位置在第一低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面与第二低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面间形成,其中所述润滑油是聚α-烯烃且含有所述有机含氧化合物。
2.权利要求1的低摩擦滑动机构,其中所述硬碳薄膜由a-C型类金钢石碳形成。
3.权利要求1的低摩擦滑动机构,其中所述含氧化合物是单油酸甘油酯。
4.一种降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法,所述第一滑动件和第二滑动件都包含具有表面的基底材料,所述方法包括:
在第一滑动件的基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜;其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金钢石碳形成,
当所述硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与第二滑动件滑动接触时,在第一滑动件的硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,其中有机含氧化合物是选自单油酸甘油酯、单油基甘油基醚、油基酰胺和胺;
在第二滑动件的基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜,其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金刚石碳形成,
当所述硬碳薄膜在所述有机含氧化合物的存在下与第一滑动件接触时,在第二滑动件的所述硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,和
在滑动表面位置供应润滑油,所述滑动表面位置在第一滑动件的滑动表面与第二滑动件的滑动表面间形成,其中所述润滑油是聚α-烯烃且含有所述有机含氧化合物。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述硬碳薄膜由a-C型类金刚石碳形成。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中所述含氧化合物是单油酸甘油酯。
7.一种低摩擦滑动机构,其包括:
第一低摩擦滑动件,其包括具有表面的基底材料和在基底材料的至少部分表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金钢石碳形成,当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,其中有机含氧化合物是甘油;
用作相对件和具有滑动表面的第二低摩擦滑动件,所述第二低摩擦滑动件包括具有基底材料表面的基底材料和在至少部分所述表面上形成的硬碳薄膜,其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金钢石碳形成,当硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与相对件滑动接触时,在硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜;和
存在于滑动表面位置上的有机含氧化合物,所述滑动表面位置在第一低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面与第二低摩擦滑动件的滑动表面间形成。
8.权利要求7的低摩擦滑动机构,其中所述硬碳薄膜由a-C型类金钢石碳形成。
9.一种降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法,所述第一滑动件和第二滑动件都包含具有表面的基底材料,所述方法包括:
在第一滑动件的基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜;其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金钢石碳形成,
当所述硬碳薄膜在有机含氧化合物的存在下与第二滑动件滑动接触时,在第一滑动件的硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,其中有机含氧化合物是甘油;
在第二滑动件的基底材料的至少部分表面上形成硬碳薄膜,其中所述硬碳薄膜由含氢量不大于10原子%的类金刚石碳形成,
当所述硬碳薄膜在所述有机含氧化合物的存在下与第一滑动件接触时,在第二滑动件的所述硬碳薄膜上形成含有至少一个选自醚键、氧桥和羟基的官能团的摩擦膜,和
在滑动表面位置供应所述有机含氧化合物,所述滑动表面位置在第一滑动件的滑动表面与第二滑动件的滑动表面间形成。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述硬碳薄膜由a-C型类金刚石碳形成。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003208278 | 2003-08-21 | ||
JP208278/2003 | 2003-08-21 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNA2004100641609A Division CN1598340A (zh) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-20 | 低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101943214A CN101943214A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
CN101943214B true CN101943214B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
Family
ID=34100716
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNA2004100641609A Pending CN1598340A (zh) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-20 | 低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构 |
CN2010102751986A Expired - Lifetime CN101943214B (zh) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-20 | 低摩擦滑动机构及降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNA2004100641609A Pending CN1598340A (zh) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-20 | 低摩擦滑动件和应用该滑动件的低摩擦滑动机构 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7771821B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1510594B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5058331B2 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1598340A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE423859T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004019606D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2321713T3 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3555844B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-09 | 2004-08-18 | 三宅 正二郎 | 摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
US8458879B2 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2013-06-11 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd., A Wholly Owned Subsidiary Of Palmaz Scientific, Inc. | Method of fabricating an implantable medical device |
US6969198B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-11-29 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding mechanism |
JP3891433B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
EP1479946B1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2012-12-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Piston for internal combustion engine |
JP2005008851A (ja) * | 2003-05-29 | 2005-01-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具用切削油及び硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具 |
JP4863152B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-01-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 歯車 |
WO2005014761A2 (ja) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | 低摩擦摺動機構、低摩擦剤組成物及び摩擦低減方法 |
JP4973971B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2012-07-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
JP4117553B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-13 | 2008-07-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | チェーン駆動装置 |
US7771821B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2010-08-10 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding member and low-friction sliding mechanism using same |
EP1508611B1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2019-04-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Transmission comprising low-friction sliding members and transmission oil therefor |
WO2005047737A1 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-05-26 | The Timken Company | Differential with thin film coating at cross shaft and processes for manufacturing the same |
EP1765442B1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2017-08-02 | Convergent Engineering, Inc. | APPARATUS FOR NON-INVASIVE PREDICTION OF INTRINSIC POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE (PEEPi) IN PATIENTS RECEIVING VENTILATORY SUPPORT |
CN101379168A (zh) | 2006-01-12 | 2009-03-04 | 阿肯色大学评议会 | 纳米颗粒组合物、其制备方法及用途 |
US10100266B2 (en) | 2006-01-12 | 2018-10-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Dielectric nanolubricant compositions |
CN101379313B (zh) * | 2006-02-06 | 2011-03-02 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 滑动件和用于制造所述滑动件的方法 |
JP5030439B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-28 | 2012-09-19 | 株式会社リケン | 摺動部材 |
JP2007297592A (ja) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-11-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 低摩擦摺動機構 |
EP2014748B1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2020-09-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction lubrication assembly |
JP2008101189A (ja) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-05-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 低摩擦摺動機構 |
US7998572B2 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2011-08-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Self-lubricating coatings |
EP2540811B1 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2016-06-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Use of heterocyclic compounds for lubricating an internal combustion engine |
EP2647738B1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2015-10-14 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding structural members |
CA2857947C (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2015-08-04 | Peerless Worldwide, Llc | Facile synthesis of graphene, graphene derivatives and abrasive nanoparticles and their various uses, including as tribologically-beneficial lubricant additives |
US9090847B2 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2015-07-28 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions containing a heteroaromatic compound |
US10036345B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2018-07-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | Combination of cylinder and piston ring |
CN104395442A (zh) * | 2012-03-22 | 2015-03-04 | 铁姆肯公司 | 用于无润滑接触表面的抗磨损添加剂 |
JP5920569B2 (ja) | 2012-04-02 | 2016-05-18 | 協同油脂株式会社 | 摺動機構および摺動機構用グリース組成物 |
BR102012012636B1 (pt) * | 2012-05-25 | 2022-01-04 | Mahle Metal Leve S/A | Cilindro para aplicação em um motor de combustão interna |
JP6046379B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-07 | 2016-12-14 | トーヨーエイテック株式会社 | ボールペンチップ、ボールペン及びその製造方法 |
JP6290525B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-07 | 2018-03-07 | トーヨーエイテック株式会社 | 摺動部材及びその製造方法 |
US8486870B1 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-07-16 | Ajay P. Malshe | Textured surfaces to enhance nano-lubrication |
US8476206B1 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | Ajay P. Malshe | Nanoparticle macro-compositions |
JP6063758B2 (ja) | 2013-01-28 | 2017-01-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 摺動部材及びその製造方法 |
DE102013101246A1 (de) | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Reibungsreduziertes Gleitsystem |
DE102014203569B3 (de) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-02-26 | Condias Gmbh | Gleitringdichtungsanordnung mit OH-Radikal-Erzeugungsvorrichtung |
CN104728266B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-05-17 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | 一种石墨轴承组件的精加工工艺 |
US10329509B2 (en) | 2015-01-29 | 2019-06-25 | Jtekt Corporation | Amorphous hydrocarbon based film, and sliding member and sliding system with said film |
CN107208805B (zh) * | 2015-02-14 | 2019-03-19 | 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 | 滑动部件 |
BR102016015392A2 (pt) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-16 | Mahle Metal Leve S.A. | Sliding element for internal combustion engines |
US11208907B2 (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2021-12-28 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Seals and methods of making seals |
JP6533818B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-06-19 | 株式会社リケン | 摺動部材およびピストンリング |
WO2019130553A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動機構 |
US10941485B2 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2021-03-09 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Diamond-like carbon films and uses thereof |
CN113430046B (zh) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-10-11 | 大连海事大学 | 一种摩擦诱导金属抗磨层的制备方法 |
CN116254144A (zh) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-06-13 | 清华大学 | 一种用于类金刚石薄膜的液体润滑剂 |
CN116334564A (zh) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-27 | 纳狮新材料有限公司杭州分公司 | 润滑表面的方法及自催化复合碳基薄膜固液复合润滑体系 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1260824A (zh) * | 1997-06-17 | 2000-07-19 | 日石三菱株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物以及冷冻机用流体组合物 |
DE10017459A1 (de) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-26 | Nissan Motor | Gleitbewegliches Element und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
Family Cites Families (427)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1461A (en) | 1839-12-31 | Improvement in fire-arms | ||
DE643034C (de) | 1934-09-24 | 1937-03-22 | Tito Brunetti | Sicherheitsvorrichtung fuer Brennkraftmaschinen |
US2270101A (en) * | 1939-04-26 | 1942-01-13 | Herman E Ballard | Lubricant |
US2716972A (en) | 1952-02-04 | 1955-09-06 | Farny Paul | Lubrication of engine valves by fuel leakage |
CH316412A (de) | 1952-02-19 | 1956-10-15 | Hoechst Ag | Hydraulische Flüssigkeit |
NL104477C (zh) | 1957-03-05 | |||
US4385880A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1983-05-31 | Lemelson Jerome H | Shock wave processing apparatus |
US5021628A (en) | 1970-11-30 | 1991-06-04 | Lemelson Jerome H | Apparatus and method for reacting on matter |
US4874596A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1989-10-17 | Lemelson Jerome H | Production of crystalline structures |
US4702808A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1987-10-27 | Lemelson Jerome H | Chemical reaction apparatus and method |
US5462772A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1995-10-31 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Methods for forming artificial diamond |
US3211653A (en) | 1958-12-31 | 1965-10-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hypoid gear lubricants for slip-lock differentials |
US5131941A (en) | 1959-04-08 | 1992-07-21 | Lemelson Jerome H | Reaction apparatus and method |
US5552675A (en) | 1959-04-08 | 1996-09-03 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | High temperature reaction apparatus |
NL137370C (zh) | 1963-08-02 | |||
US3846162A (en) | 1968-10-21 | 1974-11-05 | Texas Instruments Inc | Metal carbonitride coatings |
SE351012B (zh) * | 1970-10-01 | 1972-11-13 | Atlas Copco Ab | |
US4367130A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1983-01-04 | Lemelson Jerome H | Chemical reaction |
JPS533446B2 (zh) * | 1973-11-01 | 1978-02-07 | ||
US4031023A (en) | 1976-02-19 | 1977-06-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and methods utilizing hydroxy thioethers |
US4504519A (en) * | 1981-10-21 | 1985-03-12 | Rca Corporation | Diamond-like film and process for producing same |
AT382215B (de) | 1982-09-20 | 1987-01-26 | Miba Gleitlager Ag | Hydrodynamisches gleitlager |
US4554208A (en) | 1983-12-27 | 1985-11-19 | General Motors Corporation | Metal bearing surface having an adherent score-resistant coating |
DE3560285D1 (en) * | 1984-04-20 | 1987-07-30 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Process for the preparation of polysulfurised olefins, products so obtained and their use as additives for lubricants |
US4755237A (en) | 1984-11-26 | 1988-07-05 | Lemelson Jerome H | Methods for making cutting tools |
US4712982A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1987-12-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Variable displacement wobble plate type compressor with guide means for wobble plate |
EP0221531A3 (en) | 1985-11-06 | 1992-02-19 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High heat conductive insulated substrate and method of manufacturing the same |
US4755426A (en) | 1986-01-18 | 1988-07-05 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Magnetic recording medium and production of the same |
US4933058A (en) | 1986-01-23 | 1990-06-12 | The Gillette Company | Formation of hard coatings on cutting edges |
GB8602627D0 (en) | 1986-02-04 | 1986-03-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Marine lubricating composition |
US5067826A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1991-11-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Ball and roller bearings and bearing components |
US5255929A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1993-10-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Blade for ice skate |
US5360227A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1994-11-01 | Lemelson Jerome H | Skis and runners |
US5332348A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1994-07-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Fastening devices |
US4960643A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1990-10-02 | Lemelson Jerome H | Composite synthetic materials |
US5288556A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1994-02-22 | Lemelson Jerome H | Gears and gear assemblies |
US6083570A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 2000-07-04 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Synthetic diamond coatings with intermediate amorphous metal bonding layers and methods of applying such coatings |
US5132587A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1992-07-21 | Lemelson Jerome H | Spark plug electrodes |
US4859493A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1989-08-22 | Lemelson Jerome H | Methods of forming synthetic diamond coatings on particles using microwaves |
US5040501A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
US5096352A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1992-03-17 | Lemelson Jerome H | Diamond coated fasteners |
JP2599383B2 (ja) | 1987-04-11 | 1997-04-09 | 出光興産 株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
JP2555284B2 (ja) | 1987-05-14 | 1996-11-20 | 出光興産株式会社 | 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物 |
US4831977A (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1989-05-23 | Ethyl Corporation | Pistons with wear resistant solid film lubricant coatings |
GB2208753B (en) | 1987-08-13 | 1991-06-26 | Commw Of Australia | Improvements in plasma generators |
US5000541A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1991-03-19 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Hermetically sealed optical fibers |
DE3885827T2 (de) | 1987-09-18 | 1994-03-17 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Hermetisch verschlossene, optische Fasern. |
AU2902589A (en) | 1988-01-04 | 1989-08-01 | Commonwealth Of Australia, The | Infrared signature control mechanism |
FI79351C (fi) | 1988-01-18 | 1989-12-11 | Asko Anttila | Foerfarande och anordning foer ytbelaeggning av material. |
GB8801366D0 (en) | 1988-01-21 | 1988-02-17 | Secr Defence | Infra red transparent materials |
US5190824A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1993-03-02 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic-erasing abrasion-proof coating |
US4834400A (en) | 1988-03-15 | 1989-05-30 | University Of New Mexico | Differential surface roughness dynamic seals and bearings |
US4898131A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1990-02-06 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. | Valve actuating mechanism for internal combustion mechanism |
DE3809734C1 (zh) | 1988-03-23 | 1989-05-03 | Helmut Prof. Dr. 7805 Boetzingen De Haberland | |
US5866195A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1999-02-02 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Methods for forming diamond-coated superconductor wire |
DE3815457A1 (de) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-16 | Sipra Patent Beteiligung | Strickmaschine |
RU1770350C (ru) | 1988-07-19 | 1992-10-23 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6462 | Смазочное масло |
US5202156A (en) | 1988-08-16 | 1993-04-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making an optical element mold with a hard carbon film |
GB8821944D0 (en) | 1988-09-19 | 1988-10-19 | Gillette Co | Method & apparatus for forming surface of workpiece |
US4992082A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1991-02-12 | Ford Motor Company | Method of toughening diamond coated tools |
US4988421A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1991-01-29 | Ford Motor Company | Method of toughening diamond coated tools |
US4919974A (en) | 1989-01-12 | 1990-04-24 | Ford Motor Company | Making diamond composite coated cutting tools |
US5187021A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1993-02-16 | Diamond Fiber Composites, Inc. | Coated and whiskered fibers for use in composite materials |
US4981717A (en) | 1989-02-24 | 1991-01-01 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Diamond like coating and method of forming |
US4943345A (en) | 1989-03-23 | 1990-07-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plasma reactor apparatus and method for treating a substrate |
JPH0620464B2 (ja) | 1989-04-03 | 1994-03-23 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 医療用切開、圧入器具およびその製造方法 |
AU631037B2 (en) | 1989-12-28 | 1992-11-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Hard and lubricant thin film of amorphous carbon-hydrogen-silicon, iron base metallic material coated therewith, and the process for producing the same |
US5087608A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1992-02-11 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Environmental protection and patterning of superconducting perovskites |
US5112025A (en) | 1990-02-22 | 1992-05-12 | Tdk Corporation | Molds having wear resistant release coatings |
JP2514097B2 (ja) | 1990-03-15 | 1996-07-10 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | シリンダライナ |
US5349265A (en) | 1990-03-16 | 1994-09-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Synthetic diamond coated electrodes and filaments |
USH1210H (en) | 1990-04-04 | 1993-07-06 | Surface hardening of reprographic machine components by coating or treatment processes | |
US5568391A (en) | 1990-05-29 | 1996-10-22 | Mckee; Lance D. | Automated tile mosaic creation system |
WO1992002602A1 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-02-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Synergystic blend of amine/amide and ester/alcohol friction modifying agents for improved fuel economy of an internal combustion engine |
GB9019219D0 (en) | 1990-09-01 | 1990-10-17 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Diamond-like carbon coatings |
JPH0796750B2 (ja) | 1990-10-13 | 1995-10-18 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | 連続スプレー染色の色替装置 |
US5190807A (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1993-03-02 | Diamonex, Incorporated | Abrasion wear resistant polymeric substrate product |
EP0484699B1 (de) | 1990-11-05 | 1993-08-18 | Detlev Dr. Repenning | Reibpaarung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
FR2669689B1 (fr) | 1990-11-23 | 1994-12-30 | Renault | Bielle sans coussinet de pied et procede de realisation. |
US5127314A (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Compensating cam socket plate torque restraint assembly for a variable displacement compressor |
US5143634A (en) | 1991-01-17 | 1992-09-01 | Amoco Corporation | Anti-wear engine and lubricating oil |
CA2060823C (en) | 1991-02-08 | 2002-09-10 | Naoya Omori | Diamond-or diamond-like carbon-coated hard materials |
CA2065581C (en) | 1991-04-22 | 2002-03-12 | Andal Corp. | Plasma enhancement apparatus and method for physical vapor deposition |
US5142785A (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1992-09-01 | The Gillette Company | Razor technology |
RU2108234C1 (ru) | 1991-04-26 | 1998-04-10 | Дзе Джиллет Компани | Способ изготовления лезвия бритвы, лезвие бритвы и устройство для бритья |
US5352493A (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1994-10-04 | Veniamin Dorfman | Method for forming diamond-like nanocomposite or doped-diamond-like nanocomposite films |
US5718976A (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1998-02-17 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Erosion resistant diamond-like nanocomposite coatings for optical components |
US5232568A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1993-08-03 | The Gillette Company | Razor technology |
DE4125165A1 (de) | 1991-07-30 | 1993-02-04 | Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag | Gebranntes, keramisches erzeugnis mit strukturierter oberflaeche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US5669144A (en) | 1991-11-15 | 1997-09-23 | The Gillette Company | Razor blade technology |
ZA928617B (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-05-11 | Gillette Co | Shaving system. |
US5334306A (en) | 1991-12-11 | 1994-08-02 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Metallized paths on diamond surfaces |
US5255783A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1993-10-26 | Fluoroware, Inc. | Evacuated wafer container |
US5317938A (en) | 1992-01-16 | 1994-06-07 | Duke University | Method for making microstructural surgical instruments |
US5295305B1 (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1996-08-13 | Gillette Co | Razor blade technology |
AU651268B2 (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1994-07-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd | Mannich reaction product and process for producing the same and use of the product |
US5359170A (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1994-10-25 | At&T Global Information Solutions Company | Apparatus for bonding external leads of an integrated circuit |
RU2004586C1 (ru) | 1992-04-07 | 1993-12-15 | Транснациональна межотраслева компани "Нокпекс" | Способ получени смазочного масла |
WO1993021288A1 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-10-28 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricant composition containing mixed friction modifiers |
GB9211402D0 (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1992-07-15 | Univ Manchester | Sensor devices |
US5443032A (en) | 1992-06-08 | 1995-08-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for the manufacture of large single crystals |
US5299937A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1994-04-05 | Si Diamond Technology, Inc. | Dental instruments having diamond-like working surface |
US5851962A (en) | 1992-08-18 | 1998-12-22 | Ethyl Japan Corporation | Lubricant composition for wet clutch or wet brake |
US5249554A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1993-10-05 | Ford Motor Company | Powertrain component with adherent film having a graded composition |
US5237967A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1993-08-24 | Ford Motor Company | Powertrain component with amorphous hydrogenated carbon film |
EP0619504A1 (de) | 1993-04-08 | 1994-10-12 | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock | Antireflex-Belag |
JPH06340081A (ja) | 1993-04-19 | 1994-12-13 | Xerox Corp | 全幅インクジェットプリンタ用プリントヘッドメンテナンス装置 |
JPH06320744A (ja) | 1993-04-19 | 1994-11-22 | Xerox Corp | 全巾インクジェットプリンタ用の湿式拭い保守装置 |
USH1471H (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1995-08-01 | Braun David J | Metal substrate double sided circuit board |
USH1461H (en) | 1993-05-10 | 1995-07-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Abrasion resistant diamond like coating for optical fiber and method of forming the coating |
US5358402A (en) | 1993-05-13 | 1994-10-25 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Ceramic orthodontic bracket with archwire slot liner |
US5380196A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1995-01-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Orthodontic bracket with archwire slot liner |
DE4316012C2 (de) | 1993-05-13 | 1998-09-24 | Gehring Gmbh & Co Maschf | Verfahren zur Feinbearbeitung von Werkstück-Oberflächen |
WO1994026425A1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 1994-11-24 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Laser absorption wave deposition process |
US5433977A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-07-18 | Trustees Of Boston University | Enhanced adherence of diamond coatings by combustion flame CVD |
KR0134942B1 (ko) | 1993-06-11 | 1998-06-15 | 이다가끼 유끼오 | 비정질 경질 탄소막 및 그 제조 방법 |
US5794801A (en) | 1993-08-16 | 1998-08-18 | Lemelson; Jerome | Material compositions |
BE1008229A3 (nl) | 1993-10-29 | 1996-02-20 | Vito | Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van een tegen slijtage beschermende laag op een substraat. |
US5482602A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-01-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Broad-beam ion deposition coating methods for depositing diamond-like-carbon coatings on dynamic surfaces |
US5401543A (en) | 1993-11-09 | 1995-03-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for forming macroparticle-free DLC films by cathodic arc discharge |
US5447208A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1995-09-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superhard cutting element having reduced surface roughness and method of modifying |
EP0661470A3 (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1996-08-14 | Starlite Ind | Smooth and hanging contact bearing. |
JPH07197068A (ja) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-08-01 | Tonen Corp | 潤滑油組成物 |
US5731046A (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1998-03-24 | Qqc, Inc. | Fabrication of diamond and diamond-like carbon coatings |
US5479069A (en) | 1994-02-18 | 1995-12-26 | Winsor Corporation | Planar fluorescent lamp with metal body and serpentine channel |
US5541566A (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1996-07-30 | Olin Corporation | Diamond-like carbon coating for magnetic cores |
US5593719A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1997-01-14 | Southwest Research Institute | Treatments to reduce frictional wear between components made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and metal alloys |
JPH07286649A (ja) | 1994-04-18 | 1995-10-31 | Nippon Seiko Kk | トロイダル形無段変速機 |
BR9507514A (pt) | 1994-04-25 | 1997-09-02 | Gillette Co | Processo para formação de uma lâmina de barbear l mina unidade de barbear e processo para aplicação de um revestimento duro de carbono a uma lâmina |
BE1008338A5 (nl) | 1994-04-26 | 1996-04-02 | Cobrain Nv | Multifrequente inductieve werkwijze en inrichting voor het bewerken van materiaal. |
EP0752018A4 (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1998-09-02 | Qqc Inc | METHOD FOR SURFACE TREATMENT |
US5516729A (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1996-05-14 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method for planarizing a semiconductor topography using a spin-on glass material with a variable chemical-mechanical polish rate |
US5464667A (en) | 1994-08-16 | 1995-11-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Jet plasma process and apparatus |
US5630275A (en) | 1994-08-23 | 1997-05-20 | Warner-Lambert Company | Multi-blade razor head with improved performance |
US5551959A (en) | 1994-08-24 | 1996-09-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article having a diamond-like coating layer and method for making same |
US6197428B1 (en) | 1994-08-26 | 2001-03-06 | Deposition Sciences, Inc. | Gemstones and decorative objects comprising a substrate and an optical interference film |
US5619889A (en) | 1994-10-11 | 1997-04-15 | Fed Corporation | Method of making microstructural surgical instruments |
AU4194896A (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1996-05-06 | Edsi, Inc. | Apparatus for depositing a layer of material on a substrate |
US5461648A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-10-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Supercritical water oxidation reactor with a corrosion-resistant lining |
US5975686A (en) | 1994-10-31 | 1999-11-02 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Regulator for a free-ink inkjet pen |
US5529815A (en) | 1994-11-03 | 1996-06-25 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Apparatus and method for forming diamond coating |
WO1996024488A1 (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-15 | Si Diamond Technology, Inc. | Diamond coated copper optics |
DE19507086C2 (de) | 1995-03-01 | 1997-01-30 | Danfoss As | Wasserhydraulik-Regelventil |
US5458927A (en) | 1995-03-08 | 1995-10-17 | General Motors Corporation | Process for the formation of wear- and scuff-resistant carbon coatings |
US5901021A (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1999-05-04 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Thin-film magnetic head |
US5616372A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-01 | Syndia Corporation | Method of applying a wear-resistant diamond coating to a substrate |
US5688557A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-18 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Method of depositing synthetic diamond coatings with intermediates bonding layers |
US5714202A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-02-03 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Synthetic diamond overlays for gas turbine engine parts having thermal barrier coatings |
US5834708A (en) | 1995-06-08 | 1998-11-10 | Spectra-Physics Scanning Systems, Inc. | Multiple plane weigh platter for multiple plane scanning systems |
SE521725C2 (sv) | 1995-09-20 | 2003-12-02 | Uponor Innovation Ab | Ihålig produkt av termoplastmaterial samt sätt för extrudering av densamma |
US5927897A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 1999-07-27 | Attar; Adil | Housingless abrasion resistant pavement marker |
JPH11510951A (ja) | 1995-08-14 | 1999-09-21 | イー・アイ・デユポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 蛍光灯 |
DE19530511C1 (de) | 1995-08-18 | 1997-02-20 | Alcan Gmbh | Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren |
AUPN547495A0 (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-10-12 | Uponor B.V. | Sizing apparatus |
US6468642B1 (en) | 1995-10-03 | 2002-10-22 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Fluorine-doped diamond-like coatings |
DE69625821T2 (de) | 1995-10-18 | 2003-09-04 | Infineum Usa L.P., Linden | Automatische getriebe mit getriebeflussigkeit mit verbesserter reibungdauerhaftigkeit |
DE69632145T2 (de) | 1995-11-02 | 2004-08-26 | Wright Medical Technology Inc., Arlington | Kugel- und pfanne-gelenkprothese mit geringem verschleiss |
JPH09164693A (ja) | 1995-11-27 | 1997-06-24 | Xerox Corp | 保守用消耗品を備えた液体インクプリンタ |
US5790146A (en) | 1995-12-04 | 1998-08-04 | Xerox Corporation | Fluid applicator for maintenance of liquid ink printers |
US5672054A (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1997-09-30 | Carrier Corporation | Rotary compressor with reduced lubrication sensitivity |
AT409409B (de) | 1996-01-30 | 2002-08-26 | Glyco Metall Werke | Gleitlagerelement mit schmieröltaschen |
US5824387A (en) | 1996-02-05 | 1998-10-20 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Magnetic disc with carbon protective layer having regions differing in hardness |
DE19704224A1 (de) | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Verbindungsanordnung zwischen einem Hubkolben und einer Pleuelstange |
WO2000025410A1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-04 | Kuhlmann Wilsdorf Doris | Management of contact spots between an electrical brush and substrate |
US6753635B2 (en) | 1996-04-05 | 2004-06-22 | Hi Per Con | Management of contact spots between an electrical brush and substrate |
US5871805A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1999-02-16 | Lemelson; Jerome | Computer controlled vapor deposition processes |
DE69728354T2 (de) | 1996-04-19 | 2005-02-17 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Aromatische polyamidfolie, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und aus diesem film hergestelltes magnetisches aufzeichnungsmittel |
US5952102A (en) | 1996-05-13 | 1999-09-14 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Diamond coated WC and WC-based composites with high apparent toughness |
WO1997046484A1 (fr) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-11 | R. Amtekh International, Inc. | Procede de production de revetements conformes a base de carbone et de type diamant, revetement dur a base de carbone et de type diamant, et materiau de filtration poreux faisant appel a ces revetements |
EP0816112A3 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 1998-10-07 | Corning Incorporated | Method and apparatus for printing color filters |
US6056443A (en) | 1996-07-08 | 2000-05-02 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Guide bush and method of forming film over guide bush |
US5783261A (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1998-07-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Using a coated fuel injector and method of making |
WO1998002715A1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-22 | Phase Metrics | Coatings for simultaneous control of tribological and optical properties of interferometric reference surfaces |
JPH1082390A (ja) | 1996-07-18 | 1998-03-31 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 摺動部材、圧縮機及び回転圧縮機 |
US6656329B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 2003-12-02 | Premark Rwp Holdings, Inc. | Coated pressing surfaces for abrasion resistant laminate and making laminates therefrom |
US5945214C1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 2002-04-23 | Premark Rwp Holdings Inc | Diboride coated pressing surfaces for abrasion resistant laminate and making pressing surfaces |
TW385275B (en) | 1996-08-29 | 2000-03-21 | Toray Industries | Aromatic polyamide-based resin molding, a process therefor and magnetic recording medium made from the molding |
DE19635736C2 (de) * | 1996-09-03 | 2002-03-07 | Saxonia Umformtechnik Gmbh | Diamantähnliche Beschichtung |
US5976707A (en) | 1996-09-26 | 1999-11-02 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert and method of making the same |
SE9603540D0 (sv) | 1996-09-27 | 1996-09-27 | Ingvar Eriksson | Ortopedisk anordning |
US5910940A (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1999-06-08 | Polaroid Corporation | Storage medium having a layer of micro-optical lenses each lens generating an evanescent field |
US6311524B1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2001-11-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Accelerated method for increasing the photosensitivity of a glassy material |
US5775817A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1998-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Fracture process with bore distortion controls |
JPH10184914A (ja) | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-14 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd | ピストンリングとシリンダライナの組合せ |
KR100247065B1 (ko) | 1997-01-22 | 2000-03-15 | 윤종용 | 보호막을 가지는 광디스크 |
US5778841A (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-07-14 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Camshaft for internal combustion engines |
TW385332B (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2000-03-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Refrigerating oil composition |
US6543394B2 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 2003-04-08 | Science Applications International Corp. | Four-cycle fuel-lubricated internal combustion engine |
JP3236795B2 (ja) | 1997-03-18 | 2001-12-10 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | すべり軸受 |
US5849675A (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydraulic system using an improved antiwear hydraulic fluid |
WO1998047141A1 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-22 | Digital Papyrus Corporation | Phase change media compatible with air bearing flying head |
RU2114210C1 (ru) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-06-27 | Валерий Павлович Гончаренко | Способ формирования углеродного алмазоподобного покрытия в вакууме |
US6030398A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-02-29 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Surgical microtomes |
US6305416B1 (en) | 1997-06-09 | 2001-10-23 | Flexcon Industries | Actuator valve for pressure switch for a fluidic system |
US6893720B1 (en) | 1997-06-27 | 2005-05-17 | Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. | Object coated with carbon film and method of manufacturing the same |
US6377422B1 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2002-04-23 | Seagate Technology Llc | Disc head with contact protection feature |
US5958261A (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1999-09-28 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for welding with preheated filler material |
US6023979A (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2000-02-15 | Helix Technology | Apparatus and methods for heat loss pressure measurement |
US6938493B2 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2005-09-06 | Helix Technology Corporation | Apparatus and methods for heat loss pressure measurement |
US6658941B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2003-12-09 | Helix Technology Corporation | Apparatus and methods for heat loss pressure measurement |
WO1999009547A1 (en) | 1997-08-15 | 1999-02-25 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Slider for disc storage system |
US6071597A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-06-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible circuits and carriers and process for manufacture |
NL1007046C2 (nl) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-17 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | Bekleed wentellager. |
US5885942A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1999-03-23 | Nch Corporation | Multifunctional lubricant additive |
US6494881B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrode-surgical tissue removal having a selectively insulated electrode |
JP3355306B2 (ja) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-09 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | ピストンリング |
JP3885375B2 (ja) | 1997-09-30 | 2007-02-21 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | ピストンリング |
US6156439A (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2000-12-05 | General Electric Company | Coating for preventing formation of deposits on surfaces contacting hydrocarbon fluids and method therefor |
EP1124454A2 (en) | 1997-10-30 | 2001-08-22 | Christopher R. King | Automated hair isolation and processing system |
US6015597A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 2000-01-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for coating diamond-like networks onto particles |
US6726993B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2004-04-27 | Teer Coatings Limited | Carbon coatings, method and apparatus for applying them, and articles bearing such coatings |
US20040003638A1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2004-01-08 | Schaefer Mark W. | Transfer of holographic images into metal sporting and fitness products |
US7094502B2 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2006-08-22 | Alcon Inc. | Methods for transferring holographic images into metal surfaces |
US5881444A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-03-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Techniques for transferring holograms into metal surfaces |
WO1999034385A1 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Alfar International Ltd. | A field electron emitter and a method for producing it |
US6190514B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-02-20 | Premark Rwp Holdings, Inc. | Method for high scan sputter coating to produce coated, abrasion resistant press plates with reduced built-in thermal stress |
US6028393A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2000-02-22 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | E-beam/microwave gas jet PECVD method and apparatus for depositing and/or surface modification of thin film materials |
NL1008593C2 (nl) | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-14 | Skf Eng & Res Centre Bv | Actuator met verbeterde nauwkeurigheid. |
WO1999047810A1 (fr) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-09-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Combinaison de cale et de came |
DE19815989A1 (de) | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-21 | Uti Holding & Man Ag | Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung |
US6106919A (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2000-08-22 | Digital Papyrus Corporation | Phase change media compatible with air bearing flying head |
US6016000A (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2000-01-18 | Cvc, Inc. | Ultra high-speed chip semiconductor integrated circuit interconnect structure and fabrication method using free-space dielectrics |
FI980884A (fi) | 1998-04-22 | 1999-10-23 | Valmet Corp | Paperi-/kartonki- tai jälkikäsittelykoneen osat, jotka joutuvat suuren kulutuksen kohteeksi ja menetelmä näiden osien valmistamiseksi |
US6124198A (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2000-09-26 | Cvc, Inc. | Ultra high-speed chip interconnect using free-space dielectrics |
CN1279562C (zh) | 1998-04-30 | 2006-10-11 | 叶夫根尼·因维维奇·吉瓦吉佐夫 | 稳定和受控的电子源,电子源的矩阵系统以及它们的生产的方法 |
TW430827B (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-04-21 | Advanced Refractory Tech | Resistors with low temperature coefficient of resistance and methods of making |
ATE255427T1 (de) | 1998-06-03 | 2003-12-15 | Blue Medical Devices B V | Stents mit diamantartiger beschichtung |
DE19825860A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-16 | Elgan Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & | Kolbenring und seine Verwendung |
GB2338716B (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2003-04-02 | Mclaughlin James A | An apparatus and a method for coating diamond like carbon (DLC) or other vacuum depositable coatings onto a substrate |
JP2000080992A (ja) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-21 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ベーンおよびそれを用いた冷媒圧縮機 |
US6273793B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2001-08-14 | Seagate Technology Llc | Apparatus and method for reducing disc surface asperities to sub-microinch height |
JP2000110719A (ja) | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 密閉形コンプレッサと開放形コンプレッサ |
JP3737291B2 (ja) | 1998-10-12 | 2006-01-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ダイヤモンドライクカーボン硬質多層膜成形体 |
GB2342660B (en) | 1998-10-12 | 2000-09-27 | Univ Houston | Process for producing a carbon film on a substrate |
JP2002527850A (ja) | 1998-10-13 | 2002-08-27 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー | 湿度透過性を低減するために可撓性回路相互接続を備えたヘッドサスペンション |
US6322431B1 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2001-11-27 | Seagate Technology Llc | Burnish head with ion milled aerodynamic pads configured in an elliptical pattern |
JP2000120870A (ja) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-28 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd | ピストンリング |
US6534141B1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2003-03-18 | Raymond J. Hull, Jr. | Method of forming an improved support member for a fabric and film forming device |
FI104103B (fi) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-15 | Valmet Corp | Päällystyssauva |
US6255262B1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2001-07-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | High hydroxyl content glycerol di-esters |
FI982570A (fi) | 1998-11-27 | 2000-05-28 | Neste Chemicals Oy | Menetelmä ja laite prosessinesteiden viskoelastisten ominaisuuksien mä ärittämiseksi ja sen käyttö |
AU5265300A (en) | 1998-12-02 | 2000-08-29 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Fluorine-doped diamond-like coatings |
WO2000035000A1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-15 | Cvc Products, Inc. | Ultra high-speed semiconductor integrated circuit interconnect structure and fabrication method using free-space dielectric |
KR100325521B1 (ko) | 1998-12-10 | 2002-04-17 | 윤종용 | 유체 분사 장치의 제조 방법 및 그에 의해 제조되는 유체 분사장치 |
JP2000186293A (ja) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-07-04 | Tonen Corp | ディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
JP4251738B2 (ja) | 1998-12-25 | 2009-04-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 硬質被膜及び被覆部材 |
AU2968600A (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2000-08-07 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Wear-resistant electromechanical contacts |
US6296552B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-10-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | Burnishing head with fly height control spacer |
US6401058B1 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2002-06-04 | Wayne State University | Reciprocating system for simulating friction and wear |
US6572935B1 (en) | 1999-03-13 | 2003-06-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optically transparent, scratch-resistant, diamond-like carbon coatings |
GB2348158A (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-27 | Teer Coatings Ltd | Lubricated cutting |
US6170156B1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-01-09 | General Motors Corporation | Gear tooth smoothing and shaping process |
JP5021119B2 (ja) | 1999-03-24 | 2012-09-05 | セカンド サイト メディカル プロダクツ インコーポレイテッド | 色覚回復用の網膜の人工色補装具 |
DE60002702T2 (de) | 1999-03-26 | 2004-03-25 | Pennzoil-Quaker State Co., Houston | Magnetisches aufzeichnungsmedium mit schmiermittel |
JP3927724B2 (ja) | 1999-04-01 | 2007-06-13 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
CA2268659C (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2008-12-30 | Vladimir I. Gorokhovsky | Rectangular cathodic arc source and method of steering an arc spot |
US6929727B2 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2005-08-16 | G & H Technologies, Llc | Rectangular cathodic arc source and method of steering an arc spot |
US6645354B1 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2003-11-11 | Vladimir I. Gorokhovsky | Rectangular cathodic arc source and method of steering an arc spot |
US6338901B1 (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2002-01-15 | Guardian Industries Corporation | Hydrophobic coating including DLC on substrate |
US6570172B2 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2003-05-27 | Plasmion Corporation | Magnetron negative ion sputter source |
JP3051404B1 (ja) | 1999-05-19 | 2000-06-12 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | タペット |
JP2000339083A (ja) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-12-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 入力装置 |
GB9913438D0 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 1999-08-11 | Imperial College | A rotary pump |
WO2000078504A1 (en) | 1999-06-19 | 2000-12-28 | Speedfam-Ipec Corporation | Method and apparatus for increasing the lifetime of a workpiece retaining structure and conditioning a polishing surface |
MY123377A (en) * | 1999-07-05 | 2006-05-31 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Sliding members and piston for internal combustion engines |
EP2000560B1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2013-10-02 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd | Hard coating and coated member |
US6626949B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2003-09-30 | Biopro, Inc. | Diamond coated joint implant |
US6333298B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2001-12-25 | Infineum International Limited | Molybdenum-free low volatility lubricating oil composition |
US6368676B1 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2002-04-09 | Diversified Technologies, Inc. | Method of coating an article |
US6083313A (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2000-07-04 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Hardcoats for flat panel display substrates |
US6482778B2 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-11-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Zinc and phosphorus containing transmission fluids having enhanced performance capabilities |
US6173913B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-01-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Ceramic check for a fuel injector |
US6205291B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-20 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Scale-inhibiting heating element and method of making same |
JP3748349B2 (ja) | 1999-08-26 | 2006-02-22 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 平版印刷版用原版 |
JP3664058B2 (ja) | 1999-09-07 | 2005-06-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | トラクションドライブ用転動体およびその製造方法 |
TW467802B (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-12-11 | Hunatech Co Ltd | Conditioner for polishing pad and method for manufacturing the same |
DE10083665B3 (de) | 1999-10-29 | 2014-05-28 | Nippon Piston Ring Co,. Ltd. | Kombination einer Zylinderlaufbuchse und eines Kolbenringes in einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US6733513B2 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2004-05-11 | Advanced Bioprosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Balloon catheter having metal balloon and method of making same |
US6761736B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2004-07-13 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Medical article with a diamond-like carbon coated polymer |
US6684759B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2004-02-03 | Vladimir Gorokhovsky | Temperature regulator for a substrate in vapor deposition processes |
US6849085B2 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2005-02-01 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Self-supporting laminated films, structural materials and medical devices manufactured therefrom and method of making same |
US6537310B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2003-03-25 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Endoluminal implantable devices and method of making same |
US6379383B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2002-04-30 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Endoluminal device exhibiting improved endothelialization and method of manufacture thereof |
US6386468B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-05-14 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Mechano-chemical flourination: improved method of fullerene fluorination |
WO2001040537A1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method for producing fluorinated diamond-like carbon films |
TW490703B (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2002-06-11 | Axcelis Tech Inc | Diamond-like coated component in an ion implanter for reduced x-ray emissions |
JP4359979B2 (ja) | 1999-12-16 | 2009-11-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 被覆摺動部材 |
WO2001047451A1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-05 | Gishel New | Apparatus and method for delivering compounds to a living organism |
US6471979B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-10-29 | Estrogen Vascular Technology, Llc | Apparatus and method for delivering compounds to a living organism |
AU2001253818A1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2001-08-20 | Christina Alvarez | Security module system, apparatus and process |
US6715693B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2004-04-06 | Caterpillar Inc | Thin film coating for fuel injector components |
EP1256124A1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2002-11-13 | Fullerene International Corporation | Diamond/carbon nanotube structures for efficient electron field emission |
EP1257349B1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-08-13 | Schlom, Leslie | A heat exchanger for cooling and for a pre-cooler for turbine intake air conditioning |
JP4560964B2 (ja) | 2000-02-25 | 2010-10-13 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 非晶質炭素被覆部材 |
US6684513B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2004-02-03 | The Gillette Company | Razor blade technology |
US6316734B1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2001-11-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible circuits with static discharge protection and process for manufacture |
US6695865B2 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2004-02-24 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Embolic protection device |
US6439845B1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2002-08-27 | Kidney Replacement Services, P.C. | Blood pump |
JP4730753B2 (ja) | 2000-03-23 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ダイヤモンドライクカーボン硬質多層膜および耐摩耗性、耐摺動性に優れた部材 |
JP3630297B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-23 | 2005-03-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 自動車用トロイダル式無段変速機 |
JP2001271741A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-05 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | 斜板式コンプレッサのシュー及び斜板式コンプレッサー |
US6399215B1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2002-06-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ultrafine-grained titanium for medical implants |
JP2001280236A (ja) | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-10 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | 斜板式コンプレッサの斜板及び斜板式コンプレッサー |
JP2001295576A (ja) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-26 | Japan National Oil Corp | ビット装置 |
DE10018143C5 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2012-09-06 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach | DLC-Schichtsystem sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines derartigen Schichtsystems |
WO2001080224A2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Seagate Technology Llc | Ultrathin protective overcoats for magnetic materials |
JP2001297555A (ja) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-26 | Sony Corp | ディスクカートリッジとシャッターおよびその製造方法と製造装置。 |
WO2001079583A2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Technology International, Inc. | Diamonds having improved durability |
US6508416B1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-01-21 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Coated fuel injector valve |
JP4007440B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-28 | 2007-11-14 | 三宅 正二郎 | 硬質炭素皮膜摺動部材 |
US6592519B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2003-07-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Smart microfluidic device with universal coating |
US6919001B2 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2005-07-19 | Intevac, Inc. | Disk coating system |
US6753042B1 (en) | 2000-05-02 | 2004-06-22 | Itac Limited | Diamond-like carbon thin film coating process |
GB0011115D0 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2000-06-28 | Infineum Int Ltd | Lubricating oil compositions |
US6914919B2 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2005-07-05 | Cymer, Inc. | Six to ten KHz, or greater gas discharge laser system |
JP2004506288A (ja) | 2000-08-09 | 2004-02-26 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 平面コイルを有する磁気ヘッドの製造方法 |
US6324060B1 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-11-27 | Hul Chun Hsu | Heat transfer interface |
IL144688A0 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2002-06-30 | Premark Rwp Holdings Inc | Polishing of press plates coated with titanium diboride |
EP1190791B1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2010-06-23 | Camco International (UK) Limited | Polycrystalline diamond cutters with working surfaces having varied wear resistance while maintaining impact strength |
DE60140617D1 (de) | 2000-09-20 | 2010-01-07 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Polykristalliner diamant mit einer an katalysatormaterial abgereicherten oberfläche |
US6592985B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2003-07-15 | Camco International (Uk) Limited | Polycrystalline diamond partially depleted of catalyzing material |
JP4954429B2 (ja) | 2000-09-20 | 2012-06-13 | キャムコ、インターナショナル、(ユーケイ)、リミテッド | 触媒物質を枯渇させた表面を有する多結晶ダイヤモンド |
KR100865271B1 (ko) | 2000-09-20 | 2008-10-27 | 캠코 인터내셔널 (유케이) 리미티드 | 촉매 물질이 고갈된 면을 갖는 다결정 다이아몬드 |
DE10046956C2 (de) | 2000-09-21 | 2002-07-25 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Thermisch aufgetragene Beschichtung für Kolbenringe aus mechanisch legierten Pulvern |
DE10061397B4 (de) | 2000-09-29 | 2004-04-08 | Desch Antriebstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Planetengetriebe und Planetenlager sowie deren Bauteile |
US6821189B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-11-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article comprising a structured diamond-like carbon coating and method of using same to mechanically treat a substrate |
US20020051286A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-02 | Honeywell, Inc. | Wavlength specific coating for mirrored optics and method for reducing reflection of white light |
US6871700B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2005-03-29 | G & H Technologies Llc | Thermal flux regulator |
US6739238B2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2004-05-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding structure for a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a reciprocating internal combustion engine using the sliding structure |
FR2817267B1 (fr) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-08-29 | Essilor Int | Procede de depot de couche anti-reflets a froid sur substrat organique |
JP4948725B2 (ja) | 2000-12-05 | 2012-06-06 | 三星ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 | チップホルダー |
US6890700B2 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2005-05-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Lithographic printing plate precursor |
US6537429B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-03-25 | Lam Research Corporation | Diamond coatings on reactor wall and method of manufacturing thereof |
US6729527B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-05-04 | Kulicke & Soffa Investments, Inc. | Bonding tool with polymer coating |
WO2002062113A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-08 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'patinor Coatings Limited' | Source d'impulsions du plasma de carbone |
JP3712052B2 (ja) | 2001-02-09 | 2005-11-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動部材 |
US20020151441A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-10-17 | Sanjay Srinivasan | Automatic transmission fluids with improved anti-shudder properties |
US6761532B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2004-07-13 | Vascor, Inc. | Touch down of blood pump impellers |
DE10112132A1 (de) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Zylinderkurbelgehäuse für eine flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine |
JP2002265968A (ja) | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-18 | Mitsuhiko Iino | 潤滑剤組成物 |
US20020130219A1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-19 | Parseghian Van R. | System for restraining aircraft delivery carts |
US6855791B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-02-15 | Signature Control Systems | Process and apparatus for improving and controlling the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber compounds |
US20040133301A1 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2004-07-08 | Signature Control Systems | Process and apparatus for improving and controlling the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber compounds |
JP3292199B2 (ja) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-06-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ゴム用金型、ゴム用金型の製造方法およびゴムの成形方法 |
US20020175476A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-11-28 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Piston ring, and combined structure of piston ring and ring groove of piston |
JP2003113941A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-04-18 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | ピストンリング及びピストンリングとピストンのリング溝との組み合わせ構造 |
WO2002080996A1 (de) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-17 | Franz Herbst | Medizinisches implantat und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP3587379B2 (ja) | 2001-04-17 | 2004-11-10 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 自動車エンジン動弁系シム及びリフター、並びにこれらとカムシャフトとの組合せ |
WO2002085237A2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2002-10-31 | General Plasma, Llc | Diamond-like coating, method of its plating and dental bur with the said diamond-like coating |
JP4578716B2 (ja) | 2001-05-08 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社デンソー | ガソリン潤滑摺動部材 |
US6729350B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2004-05-04 | Upchurch Scientific, Inc. | Valve for use with capillary tubing |
NL1018190C2 (nl) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-03 | Skf Ab | Koelmiddel gesmeerd wentellager. |
US7712222B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2010-05-11 | Irwin Industrial Tool Company | Composite utility blade, and method of making such a blade |
US6701627B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2004-03-09 | American Saw & Mfg. Company, Inc. | Composite utility knife blade |
US6666328B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2003-12-23 | Stapell/Guider Corporation | Long wear conveyor assembly |
JP2003113913A (ja) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-18 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | 伝動チェーン用可動レバー |
WO2003031543A2 (en) | 2001-10-05 | 2003-04-17 | Unichema Chemie B.V. | Lubricant or fuel composition comprising an amide as friction-reducing additive |
JP2003147508A (ja) | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 炭素膜、炭素膜の成膜方法、および炭素膜被覆部材 |
DE10158683A1 (de) | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-05 | Tea Gmbh | Funktionsflüssigkeit zum Kühlen und Schmieren |
JP2003184883A (ja) | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 軸受摺動部材 |
US6982510B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2006-01-03 | Seagate Technology Llc | Low profile fluid dynamic bearing |
JP3555891B2 (ja) | 2002-02-22 | 2004-08-18 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動材料及びこれに用いる潤滑油組成物 |
US6991094B2 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2006-01-31 | Frost Links, Inc. | Conveyor chain |
US7246699B2 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2007-07-24 | Frost Links, Inc. | Conveyor chain |
GB0205959D0 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-04-24 | Teer Coatings Ltd | Apparatus and method for applying diamond-like carbon coatings |
JP2004003435A (ja) | 2002-04-23 | 2004-01-08 | Denso Corp | 内燃機関用燃料噴射弁およびその製造方法 |
US20030202763A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | Starodubov Dmitry S. | Method for forming a protective coating on an optical fiber |
US20040011900A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2004-01-22 | Jens Gebhardt | Fuel injector assembly |
WO2003105134A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-18 | Seagate Technology Llc | Slider deposits for control of pole-to-disc spacing |
US20030234371A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-25 | Ziegler Byron J. | Device for generating reactive ions |
JP2004033513A (ja) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-05 | Mizuno Corp | ウッドゴルフクラブヘッド |
US7422370B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2008-09-09 | Seagate Technology Llc | Hydraulic compensation for magnetically biased fluid dynamic bearing motor |
DE10236483A1 (de) | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-19 | Hilti Ag | Hartstoffeinsatz mit polykristalliner Diamantschicht |
US6780177B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-08-24 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Conductive interstitial thermal therapy device |
WO2004024206A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-25 | Estrogen Vascular Technology, Llc | Apparatus and method for delivering compounds to a living organism |
US20040063805A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Pacetti Stephen D. | Coatings for implantable medical devices and methods for fabrication thereof |
WO2004026500A2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-01 | Enventure Global Technology | Self-lubricating expansion mandrel for expandable tubular |
JP4063026B2 (ja) | 2002-09-24 | 2008-03-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
CN1296603C (zh) | 2002-09-27 | 2007-01-24 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 机动车发动机气门驱动系统垫片或挺杆及与凸轮轴的组合 |
US6745742B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-06-08 | Siegfried Meyer | Connecting rod structure |
CA2502095A1 (en) | 2002-10-12 | 2004-04-29 | Intellimats, Llc. | Floor display system with variable image orientation |
JP2004138128A (ja) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-05-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 自動車エンジン用摺動部材 |
GB0224779D0 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2002-12-04 | Barnes Charles F J | Information storage system |
JP3594193B1 (ja) * | 2003-08-11 | 2004-11-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動部材及びこれに用いる潤滑油組成物 |
US6969198B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2005-11-29 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding mechanism |
JP3594190B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-11-24 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動材料及びこれに用いる潤滑油組成物 |
WO2004043631A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Die cast sputter targets |
BR0316712A (pt) | 2002-11-26 | 2005-10-18 | Frost Inc | Suporte articulado para roda de carrinho |
US20040146262A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Frozen-fluid fiber guide |
US7387081B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2008-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Plasma reactor including helical electrodes |
US7299749B2 (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2007-11-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Lithographic printing plate support and production method thereof |
GB0303158D0 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-03-19 | Scion Sprays Ltd | An electrostatic atomiser |
JP2006523147A (ja) | 2003-03-05 | 2006-10-12 | アーウィン インダストリアル トゥール カンパニー | 複合ユーティリティナイフブレードとそのブレードの製造方法 |
US20040186585A1 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-23 | Lawrence Feiwell | Sphere-on-sphere ankle prosthesis |
JP3891433B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
US20040222594A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-11 | Dresser-Rand Company | Oil film sealing device for a rotating shaft |
US7327535B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2008-02-05 | Sae Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd. | Hybrid coating for magnetic heads |
EP1479946B1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2012-12-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Piston for internal combustion engine |
EP1482190B1 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2012-12-05 | Nissan Motor Company Limited | Rolling element |
US20040241019A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-02 | Michael Goldowsky | Passive non-contacting smart bearing suspension for turbo blood-pumps |
JP2005008851A (ja) | 2003-05-29 | 2005-01-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具用切削油及び硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具 |
JP2004360649A (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジン用ピストンピン |
US20050001201A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Bocko Peter L. | Glass product for use in ultra-thin glass display applications |
EP1498597A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2005-01-19 | Sorevi S.A. | Piston with a skirt having a low coefficient of friction |
CN100523299C (zh) | 2003-07-25 | 2009-08-05 | 贝卡尔特股份有限公司 | 覆盖有中间涂层和硬质碳涂层的基材 |
US7144403B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2006-12-05 | Alcon, Inc. | Surgical knife |
JP4863152B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-01-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 歯車 |
JP4614427B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-06 | 2011-01-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動機構、手動変速機及び終減速機 |
EP1661971A4 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2008-12-03 | Nippon Oil Corp | SYSTEM HAVING DLC CONTACT FACES, METHOD FOR LUBRICATING THIS SYSTEM, AND LUBRICATING OIL FOR THIS SYSTEM |
EP1666572B1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2017-05-17 | Nippon Oil Corporation | System having dlc contacting faces, method for lubricating the system and lubricating oil for the system |
JP2005054617A (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-03-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 動弁機構 |
JP4973971B2 (ja) | 2003-08-08 | 2012-07-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
JP2005090489A (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2005-04-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関用バルブリフター |
DE602004010207T2 (de) | 2003-08-11 | 2008-09-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama | Kraftstoffgeschmierte Vorrichtung |
EP1507088B1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-08-29 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Structure for connecting piston to crankshaft |
JP4117553B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-13 | 2008-07-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | チェーン駆動装置 |
DE10337559A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 | 2005-03-10 | Stankiewicz Gmbh | Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von Formschaumkörpern |
JP4539205B2 (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2010-09-08 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 冷媒圧縮機 |
US7771821B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2010-08-10 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding member and low-friction sliding mechanism using same |
EP1508611B1 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2019-04-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Transmission comprising low-friction sliding members and transmission oil therefor |
WO2005021851A1 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-10 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Coated rapier |
ITTO20030135U1 (it) | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-05 | Lgl Electronics Spa | Dispositivo di frenatura auto-regolante per alimentatori di trama a telai di tessitura |
US20050139395A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 | 2005-06-30 | Farzad Shaygan | Drill bit with a moissanite (silicon carbide) cutting element |
JP2007508816A (ja) | 2003-10-10 | 2007-04-12 | ゲ・ミン・ルイ | 細胞培養および組織培養プラットフォームのための組成物および方法 |
KR101319227B1 (ko) | 2003-10-10 | 2013-10-16 | 게 밍 루이 | 각막 내피세포 및 관련세포를 생체고분자 위에서성장시키고, 인공의 이식용 각막을 제조하는 방법 및조성물 |
JP2007509654A (ja) | 2003-10-31 | 2007-04-19 | ベントラコー リミテッド | ポリマー素子を含んでなる改善された血液ポンプ |
WO2005047737A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2005-05-26 | The Timken Company | Differential with thin film coating at cross shaft and processes for manufacturing the same |
-
2004
- 2004-08-05 US US10/911,744 patent/US7771821B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-06 DE DE602004019606T patent/DE602004019606D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-06 AT AT04018735T patent/ATE423859T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-06 EP EP04018735A patent/EP1510594B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-06 ES ES04018735T patent/ES2321713T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-20 CN CNA2004100641609A patent/CN1598340A/zh active Pending
- 2004-08-20 CN CN2010102751986A patent/CN101943214B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2010
- 2010-12-13 JP JP2010276555A patent/JP5058331B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1260824A (zh) * | 1997-06-17 | 2000-07-19 | 日石三菱株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物以及冷冻机用流体组合物 |
DE10017459A1 (de) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-26 | Nissan Motor | Gleitbewegliches Element und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7771821B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
EP1510594A3 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
EP1510594A2 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
JP2011089644A (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
JP5058331B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
EP1510594B1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
ES2321713T3 (es) | 2009-06-10 |
US20050064196A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
CN101943214A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
CN1598340A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
DE602004019606D1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
ATE423859T1 (de) | 2009-03-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101943214B (zh) | 低摩擦滑动机构及降低第一滑动件和第二滑动件摩擦的方法 | |
CN101760286B (zh) | 低摩擦滑动机构、低摩擦剂组合物以及减小摩擦的方法 | |
CN104955984B (zh) | 滑动构件和其制造方法 | |
CN101825086A (zh) | 致冷压缩机及其摩擦控制方法 | |
CN1325822C (zh) | 内燃机用活塞 | |
JP5168446B2 (ja) | 潤滑油組成物 | |
JP6472262B2 (ja) | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 | |
CN100587045C (zh) | 低摩擦滑动机构、低摩擦剂组合物以及减小摩擦的方法 | |
JP5273424B2 (ja) | 低摩擦摺動機構及びこれに用いる潤滑油組成物 | |
CN102597194B (zh) | 润滑油组合物 | |
JP6270226B2 (ja) | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 | |
JP4840635B2 (ja) | 低摩擦含油摺動機構 | |
CN104169403A (zh) | 润滑油组合物、使用该润滑油组合物的滑动机构 | |
JP4234979B2 (ja) | 省燃費型内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 | |
JPH08283762A (ja) | 潤滑油組成物 | |
CN101410640A (zh) | 低摩擦滑动机构 | |
JP4973973B2 (ja) | 自動変速機用低摩擦摺動部材及びこれに用いる自動変速機油組成物 | |
JP2006306938A (ja) | 低摩擦摺動部材 | |
CN100485232C (zh) | 滑动件及其生产方法 | |
CN1730962A (zh) | 低摩擦滑动机构、低摩擦试剂组合物和降低摩擦的方法 | |
KR20200089945A (ko) | 식물성 엔진오일 추출물 | |
WO2015156392A1 (ja) | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20141218 Address after: Kanagawa Patentee after: NISSAN MOTOR Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Jean Michel Martin Address before: Kanagawa Patentee before: NISSAN MOTOR Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Nissan ARC, Ltd. Patentee before: Jean Michel Martin |
|
CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20120530 |