JP5058331B2 - 低摩擦摺動部材 - Google Patents
低摩擦摺動部材 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/046—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with at least one amorphous inorganic material layer, e.g. DLC, a-C:H, a-C:Me, the layer being doped or not
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/16—Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
- C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings
- C10N2050/025—Multi-layer lubricant coatings in the form of films or sheets
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/14—Composite materials or sliding materials in which lubricants are integrally molded
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
CO2削減については機械・装置等の摩擦損失によるエネルギー損失の低減、特に自動車の燃費の削減を図ることが大きな課題の一つであり、摺動材料と潤滑油の果たす役割は大きい。
摺動材料における役割としては、エンジンの摺動部位の中で摩擦摩耗環境が苛酷な部位に対して耐摩耗性に優れかつ低い摩擦係数を発現することであり、最近では種々の硬質薄膜材料の適用が進んできている。一般のDLC材料は、空気中、潤滑油非存在下における摩擦係数が、TiNやCrNといった耐摩耗性の硬質被膜材料と比べて低いことから低摩擦摺動材料として期待されている。
また、上記硬質炭素薄膜の成膜方法としては、代表的には、イオンプレーティング又はマグネトロンスパッタリングなどを適宜採用できる。
更に、上記トライボフィルムは、上記硬質炭素薄膜の摺動表面から深さ10nm以内の範囲に形成されることが好適である。これより、摺動接触部の摩擦係数を下げることができる。
更にまた、上記トライボフィルムは、エーテル、オキシド又はアルコール、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせに係る官能基を有しないトライボフィルムよりも低い摩擦特性を有することが良い。
更に、上記硬質炭素薄膜の表面硬さは、マイクロビッカース硬さ(10g荷重)でHv1000〜3500、膜厚が0.3〜2.0μmであることが好ましい。なお、表面硬さ及び厚さが上記範囲から外れるとHv1000未満、厚さ0.3μm未満では摩滅し易くなり、逆にHv3500、厚さ2.0μmを超えると剥離し易くなる。
また、上記アルミニウム系材料としては、特に制限はなく、高純度のアルミニウムだけでなく、各種のアルミニウム系合金を使用することができる。具体的には、例えばシリコン(Si)を4〜20%、銅(Cu)を1.0〜5.0%含む亜共晶アルミニウム合金又は過共晶アルミニウム合金等を用いることが望ましい。アルミニウム合金の好適例としては、例えばAC2A、AC8A、ADC12及びADC14(JIS)等を挙げることができる。
上記ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドとしては、次の化学式(1)及び(2)
また、上記化学式におけるnは、清浄性に優れる点から1〜5の整数、より望ましくは2〜4の整数であることがよい。更に、上記ポリブテンは、製造過程の触媒に起因して残留する微量のフッ素分や塩素分を吸着法や十分な水洗等の適切な方法により、50ppm以下、より望ましくは10ppm以下、特に望ましくは1ppm以下まで除去してから用いることもよい。
また、上記有機系含酸素化合物としては、具体的には、例えばギ酸、酢酸、グリコール酸、プロピオン酸、乳酸、酪酸、吉草酸、カプロン酸、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデシル酸、ラウリン酸、トリデカン酸、ミリスチン酸、ペンタデカン酸、パルミチン酸、マルガリン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、ノナデカン酸及びエイコサン酸等の炭素数1〜30のモノカルボン酸、シュウ酸、フタル酸、トリメリット酸及びピロメリット酸等の炭素数2〜30のポリカルボン酸並びにこれらの無水物、又はエステル化合物、炭素数2〜6のアルキレンオキサイド及びヒドロキシ(ポリ)オキシアルキレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。
また、他の無灰分散剤としては、数平均分子量が900〜3500のポリブテニル基を有するポリブテニルベンジルアミン、ポリブテニルアミン、数平均分子量が900未満のポリブテニル基を有するポリブテニルコハク酸イミド等及びそれらの誘導体等が挙げられる。
上記化学式(3)中のR4、R5、R6及びR7は、それぞれ別個に炭素数1〜24の炭化水素基を示す。これら炭化水素基としては、炭素数1〜24の直鎖状又は分枝状のアルキル基、炭素数3〜24の直鎖状又は分枝状のアルケニル基、炭素数5〜13のシクロアルキル基又は直鎖状若しくは分枝状のアルキルシクロアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基又は直鎖状若しくは分枝状のアルキルアリール基、及び炭素数7〜19のアリールアルキル基等のいずれかであることが望ましい。また、アルキル基やアルケニル基は、第1級、第2級及び第3級のいずれであってもよい。
なお、上記炭化水素基には、考えられる全ての直鎖状構造及び分枝状構造が含まれ、また、アルケニル基の二重結合の位置、アルキル基のシクロアルキル基への結合位置、アルキル基のアリール基への結合位置、及びアリール基のアルキル基への結合位置は任意である。
なお、他の摩耗防止剤又は極圧剤としては、ジスルフィド、硫化油脂、硫化オレフィン、炭素数2〜20の炭化水素基を1〜3個含有するリン酸エステル、チオリン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、チオ亜リン酸エステル及びこれらのアミン塩等が挙げられる。
なお、これら金属系清浄剤の全塩基価及び添加量は、要求される潤滑油の性能に応じて任意に選択できる。通常は、過塩素酸法で0〜500mgKOH/g、望ましくは150〜400mgKOH/gであり、その添加量は組成物全量基準で、通常0.1〜10%である。
これら粘度指数向上剤の分子量は、せん断安定性を考慮して選定することが必要である。具体的には、粘度指数向上剤の数平均分子量は、例えば分散型及び非分散型ポリメタクリレートでは5000〜1000000、好ましくは100000〜800000がよく、ポリイソブチレン又はその水素化物では800〜5000、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体及びその水素化物では800〜300000、好ましくは10000〜200000がよい。また、かかる粘度指数向上剤は、単独で又は複数種を任意に組合せて含有させることができるが、通常その含有量は、潤滑油組成物基準で0.1〜40.0%であることが望ましい。
また、上記防錆剤としては、アルキルベンゼンスルフォネート、ジノニルナフタレンスルフォネート、アルケニルコハク酸エステル、多価アルコールエステル等が挙げられる。
更に、上記非イオン系界面活性剤及び抗乳化剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル及びポリオキシエチレンアルキルナフチルエーテル等のポリアルキレングリコール系非イオン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
更にまた、上記金属不活性化剤としては、イミダゾリン、ピリミジン誘導体、チアジアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール及びチアジアゾール等が挙げられる。
また、上記消泡剤としては、シリコーン、フルオロシリコーン及びフルオロアルキルエーテル等が挙げられる。
なお、これら添加剤を本発明に用いる潤滑油組成物に含有する場合は、その含有量は、組成物全量基準で、他の摩擦調整剤、防錆剤、及び抗乳化剤は0.01〜5%、並びに金属不活性剤は0.0005〜1%の範囲から適宜選択できる。
種々の仕様の材料を用いて、表1に示すような円板ディスク及びピンを試作した。この際、表面コーティング品については、仕上げた表面上に、PVD又はCVD処理によって、膜厚が約1μmになるように各種材料のコーティングを行った。
なお、各実施例では、基油としてPAOを用い、それに各種摩擦調整剤を1%を添加調製した。
<単体カムフォロワー摩擦試験条件>
摩擦調整剤供給方法:浸漬
油温度 :80℃
最大ヘルツ圧力 :700MPa(表1実施例1、2、比較例1、3) 80MPa(表1実施例3〜5、比較例2)
ディスク回転速度 :30rpm (0.03m/s)
試験時間 :60min
また、試験後の表面形状に何ら問題はなく、耐磨耗性においても非常に優れていた。
例えば、機械摺動部品の全てに対して効果が期待でき、エンジンの燃費向上に直結する顕著な摩擦低減効果が得られる。
Claims (2)
- 水素を含有するa−C:H系のダイヤモンドライクカーボンから成る硬質炭素薄膜を備えた摺動部材の摺動面と、鋼製摺動部材の摺動面との間に、ポリ−α−オレフィンとグリセリンモノオレートを含む潤滑油が介在していることを特徴とする低摩擦摺動部材。
- 水素を含有しないa−C系のダイヤモンドライクカーボンから成る硬質炭素薄膜を備えた摺動部材の摺動面と、アルミニウム合金製摺動部材の摺動面との間に、ポリ−α−オレフィンと、グリセリンモノオレート、モノオレイルグリセリルエーテル及びオレイルアミドのいずれか1つを含む潤滑油が介在していることを特徴とする低摩擦摺動部材。
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EP1510594B1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
US20050064196A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
CN101943214B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
CN1598340A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
ES2321713T3 (es) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1510594A2 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
JP2011089644A (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
EP1510594A3 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
DE602004019606D1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
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US7771821B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
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