WO2010098177A1 - 硫化物固体電解質材料 - Google Patents
硫化物固体電解質材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010098177A1 WO2010098177A1 PCT/JP2010/051407 JP2010051407W WO2010098177A1 WO 2010098177 A1 WO2010098177 A1 WO 2010098177A1 JP 2010051407 W JP2010051407 W JP 2010051407W WO 2010098177 A1 WO2010098177 A1 WO 2010098177A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/22—Alkali metal sulfides or polysulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G17/00—Compounds of germanium
- C01G17/006—Compounds containing, besides germanium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sulfide solid electrolyte material with a low hydrogen sulfide generation amount.
- lithium batteries currently on the market use an electrolyte containing a flammable organic solvent, it is possible to install safety devices that suppress the temperature rise during short circuits and to improve the structure and materials to prevent short circuits. Necessary.
- a lithium battery in which the electrolyte is changed to a solid electrolyte layer to make the battery completely solid does not use a flammable organic solvent in the battery, so the safety device can be simplified, and manufacturing costs and productivity can be reduced. It is considered excellent.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material is known as a solid electrolyte material used for such a solid electrolyte layer.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material Since the sulfide solid electrolyte material has high Li ion conductivity, it is useful for increasing the output of the battery, and various studies have been made heretofore.
- Patent Document 1 a glassy sulfide solid electrolyte material whose main component is Li 2 S—X (X is SiS 2 , GeS 2 , P 2 S 5 , B 2 S 3 ) and a melt quenching method are disclosed. And a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- Patent Document 1 examples include a 0.6 L 2 S-0.4 SiS 2 -based sulfide solid electrolyte material manufactured by a melt quenching method, and a 0.6 L 2 S-0.4 GeS 2 -based sulfide solid. Electrolyte materials and the like are disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a Li 2 S—SiS 2 -based glassy solid electrolyte material using Li 2 S synthesized under specific conditions as a raw material.
- Patent Document 2 examples include 60Li 2 S-40SiS 2 -based sulfide solid electrolyte material and 63Li 2 S-36SiS 2 -1Li 3 PO 4 -based sulfide solid electrolyte material manufactured by a melt quench method. Etc. are disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses sulfide-based crystallized glass in which a glass phase mainly composed of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 and a crystal phase are present.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 crystallized glass having a specific diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction.
- JP-A-6-279050 Japanese Patent No. 3510420 JP 2002-109955 A JP 2005-228570 A
- the conventional sulfide solid electrolyte material has a problem that a lot of hydrogen sulfide is generated when it comes into contact with water (including moisture, the same applies hereinafter).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a sulfide solid electrolyte material with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide generation.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material using a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and a sulfide of an element of Group 14 or Group 15 Provided is a sulfide solid electrolyte material characterized by being substantially free of bridging sulfur and Li 2 S.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material does not substantially contain bridging sulfur and Li 2 S, a sulfide solid electrolyte material with a small hydrogen sulfide generation amount can be obtained.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is preferably sulfide glass. This is because sulfide glass is softer than crystallized sulfide glass, and therefore, when a solid battery is manufactured, for example, it can absorb expansion and contraction of the active material and is considered to have excellent cycle characteristics.
- the peak of the cross-linking sulfur is not detected by Raman spectroscopy, it is preferable that the peak of the Li 2 S is not detected by X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the Group 14 or Group 15 element is preferably P, Si or Ge. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a lower hydrogen sulfide generation amount can be obtained.
- the raw material composition contains only Li 2 S and P 2 S 5, and the molar fraction of Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition is in the range of 70% to 85%. Is preferred. This is because the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be further reduced by setting the range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S to a value that includes the ortho composition (75%) and the vicinity thereof.
- the raw material composition is, only Li 2 S and SiS 2, or contain only Li 2 S and GeS 2, the mole fraction of Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition is 50% It is preferably in the range of ⁇ 80%. This is because the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be further reduced by setting the range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S to the value (66.7%) for obtaining the ortho composition and the vicinity thereof.
- a raw material composition containing only Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by amorphization, Li 2 in the raw material composition
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be obtained.
- a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, and an electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer The lithium battery is characterized in that at least one of the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the electrolyte layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- An amorphization step of making the material amorphous, and the raw material composition comprises a sulfide containing Li 2 S and the Group 14 or Group 15 element as a bridging sulfur and Li 2 S.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material, characterized in that the sulfide solid electrolyte material is contained in such a ratio that it can be obtained.
- the raw material composition contains Li 2 S and a sulfide containing a Group 14 or Group 15 element in a predetermined ratio, the sulfide with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide generated.
- a solid electrolyte material can be obtained.
- the raw material composition contains only Li 2 S and P 2 S 5, and the molar fraction of Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition is in the range of 70% to 85%. Is preferred. This is because the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be further reduced by setting the range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S to a value that includes the ortho composition (75%) and the vicinity thereof.
- the amorphization treatment is preferably mechanical milling. This is because processing at room temperature is possible, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of Raman spectroscopic measurement of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and 1-3.
- 3 is a result of X-ray diffraction measurement of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and 1-4.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of Raman spectroscopic measurement of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and 1-3.
- 3 is a result of X-ray diffraction measurement of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and 1-4.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of measurement of hydrogen sulfide generation (pellet) in the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-4.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of hydrogen sulfide generation amount measurement (battery) of the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-5.
- 3 is a result of measurement of hydrogen sulfide generation amount (pellet) of sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention will be described.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention can be roughly divided into two embodiments. Hereinafter, the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention will be described separately for the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is a sulfide solid electrolyte material using a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and a sulfide of an element belonging to Group 14 or Group 15, wherein It is characterized by substantially not containing sulfur and Li 2 S.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material does not substantially contain bridging sulfur and Li 2 S, a sulfide solid electrolyte material with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be obtained. Since such a sulfide solid electrolyte material has an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof, it is considered that the stability to water is high and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated is low.
- ortho generally refers to one having the highest degree of hydration among oxo acids obtained by hydrating the same oxide.
- the crystal composition in which Li 2 S is added most in the sulfide is called the ortho composition.
- Li 3 PS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 4 SiS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 4 GeS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the molar fraction of Li 2 S to obtain the ortho composition is 75%.
- the molar fraction of Li 2 S to obtain the ortho composition is 66.7%.
- Patent Document 1 a 0.6 L 2 S-0.4 SiS 2 -based sulfide solid electrolyte material manufactured by a melt quenching method, a 0.6 L 2 S-0.4 GeS 2 -based sulfide. Solid electrolyte materials and the like are disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a 60Li 2 S-40SiS 2 -based sulfide solid electrolyte material, a 63Li 2 S-36SiS 2 -1Li 3 PO 4 -based sulfide solid electrolyte material manufactured by a melt quenching method, and the like. ing.
- sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is “substantially free of bridging sulfur and Li 2 S”.
- bridged sulfur refers to bridged sulfur in a compound obtained by reacting Li 2 S with a sulfide of an element belonging to Group 14 or Group 15.
- S 3 P—S—PS 3 bridging sulfur obtained by reaction of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 is applicable.
- Such bridging sulfur easily reacts with water and easily generates hydrogen sulfide.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material contains cross-linked sulfur.
- “substantially free of bridging sulfur” can be confirmed by measurement of a Raman spectrum.
- the peak of S 3 P—S—PS 3 does not exist.
- the peak of S 3 P—S—PS 3 usually appears at 402 cm ⁇ 1 . Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that this peak is not detected.
- the peak of PS 4 usually appears at 417 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the intensity I 402 at 402 cm -1 is preferably smaller than the intensity I 417 at 417 cm -1. More specifically, the strength I 402 is preferably 70% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and even more preferably 35% or less with respect to the strength I 417 .
- the raw material composition in the first embodiment contains Li 2 S and a sulfide of an element belonging to Group 14 or Group 15. Furthermore, the raw material composition may contain other compounds.
- Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition preferably has few impurities. This is because side reactions can be suppressed. Examples of the method for synthesizing Li 2 S include the method described in JP-A-7-330312. Furthermore, Li 2 S is preferably purified using the method described in WO2005 / 040039.
- the raw material composition contains a sulfide of an element belonging to Group 14 or Group 15.
- the group 14 or group 15 element is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Si, P, and Ge. Among them, P is preferable. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a low hydrogen sulfide generation amount and high Li ion conductivity can be obtained.
- Specific examples of group 14 or group 15 element sulfides include P 2 S 3 , P 2 S 5 , SiS 2 , GeS 2 , As 2 S 3 , and Sb 2 S 3. it can.
- the raw material composition may contain a plurality of the sulfides.
- the raw material composition includes Li 3 PO 4 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 4 GeO 4 , Li 3 BO 3, and Li 3. It may contain at least one lithium orthooxoate selected from the group consisting of AlO 3 . By adding such a lithium orthooxo acid, a more stable sulfide solid electrolyte material can be obtained.
- the raw material composition preferably contains at least Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , and more preferably contains only Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 .
- the molar fraction of Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition is not particularly limited as long as it is a ratio capable of obtaining a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of cross-linking sulfur and Li 2 S.
- it is preferably in the range of 70% to 85%, more preferably in the range of 70% to 80%, and particularly preferably in the range of 72% to 78%. This is because the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be further reduced by setting the range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S to a value that includes the ortho composition (75%) and the vicinity thereof.
- the raw material composition preferably contains at least Li 2 S and SiS 2 , and more preferably contains only Li 2 S and SiS 2 .
- the raw material composition preferably contains at least Li 2 S and GeS 2 , and more preferably contains only Li 2 S and GeS 2 .
- the molar fraction of Li 2 S contained in the raw material composition is particularly limited as long as it is a ratio capable of obtaining a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of cross-linking sulfur and Li 2 S.
- the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be further reduced by setting the range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S to the value (66.7%) for obtaining the ortho composition and the vicinity thereof.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is formed by using a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and a sulfide of an element belonging to Group 14 or Group 15. is there. Especially, it is preferable that the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is obtained by an amorphization process using the raw material composition. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of bridging sulfur and Li 2 S can be obtained efficiently.
- the amorphization treatment include a mechanical milling method and a melt quenching method, and among them, the mechanical milling method is preferable. This is because processing at room temperature is possible, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment may be sulfide glass as long as it does not substantially contain bridging sulfur and Li 2 S, and crystallization obtained by heat-treating the sulfide glass.
- Sulfide glass may be used.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is preferably sulfide glass. This is because sulfide glass is softer than crystallized sulfide glass, and therefore, when a solid battery is manufactured, for example, it can absorb expansion and contraction of the active material and is considered to have excellent cycle characteristics.
- sulfide glass can be obtained by performing the amorphization process mentioned above with respect to a raw material composition, for example.
- crystallized sulfide glass can be obtained, for example, by heat-treating sulfide glass. That is, crystallized sulfide glass can be obtained by sequentially performing an amorphization process and a heat treatment on the raw material composition. Note that, depending on the heat treatment conditions, there is a possibility that bridging sulfur and Li 2 S may be generated or a metastable phase may be generated. It is preferable to adjust. In particular, the crystallized sulfide glass in the present invention preferably has no metastable phase.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is a predetermined hydrogen sulfide amount measurement test
- the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated in 300 seconds from the start of measurement is preferably 10 cc / g or less, more preferably 5 cc / g or less, further preferably 3 cc / g or less, and more preferably 1 cc / g or less. It is particularly preferred. It is because it can be set as a safer sulfide solid electrolyte material because there is little hydrogen sulfide generation amount.
- the hydrogen sulfide amount measurement test refers to the following test.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material 100 mg was weighed in an argon atmosphere, and the sample was pressed at a pressure of 5.1 ton / cm 2 using a pellet molding machine having a molding part with an area of 1 cm 2 to produce pellets. Form. Thereafter, the obtained pellets were placed inside a sealed desiccator (1755 cc, atmospheric atmosphere, temperature 25 ° C., humidity 40%), and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated in the first 300 seconds was measured using a hydrogen sulfide sensor. To measure.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment preferably has a high Li ion conductivity value.
- the Li ion conductivity at room temperature is, for example, preferably 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm or more.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is usually in a powder form, and the average diameter thereof is, for example, in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- a lithium battery use can be mentioned, for example.
- the lithium battery may be an all-solid lithium battery having a solid electrolyte layer or a lithium battery having an electrolyte solution.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the second embodiment is a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by amorphizing a raw material composition containing only Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , and the above raw material composition
- the molar fraction of Li 2 S in the product is in the range of 70% to 85%.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be obtained. Since such a sulfide solid electrolyte material has an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof, it is considered that the stability to water is high and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated is low.
- the preferred range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S in the raw material composition, the amorphization treatment for amorphization, and other matters are the contents described in “1. First embodiment” above. It is the same.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by amorphizing a raw material composition containing only Li 2 S and SiS 2 , wherein the mole of Li 2 S in the raw material composition It is also possible to provide a sulfide solid electrolyte material characterized in that the fraction is in the range of 50% to 80%.
- a raw material composition containing only Li 2 S and GeS 2 a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by amorphization of Li 2 S in the raw material composition
- sulfide solid electrolyte materials are also considered to have a low hydrogen sulfide generation amount for the same reason as described above.
- the preferred range of the molar fraction of Li 2 S in the raw material composition, the amorphization treatment for amorphization, and other matters are the contents described in “1. First embodiment” above. It is the same.
- the lithium battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, and an electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer In which at least one of the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the electrolyte layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation element of the lithium battery of the present invention.
- a power generation element 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a positive electrode active material layer 1 containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer 2 containing a negative electrode active material, and a positive electrode active material layer 1 and a negative electrode active material layer 2. And the formed electrolyte layer 3.
- the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the positive electrode active material layer 1, the negative electrode active material layer 2, and the electrolyte layer 3 contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- the lithium battery of the present invention will be described for each configuration.
- the electrolyte layer in the present invention is a layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the electrolyte layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer capable of conducting Li ions, but is preferably a solid electrolyte layer made of a solid electrolyte material. This is because a highly safe lithium battery (all solid battery) can be obtained.
- a solid electrolyte layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material mentioned above.
- the ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the solid electrolyte layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 10% to 100% by volume, and more preferably in the range of 50% to 100% by volume.
- the solid electrolyte layer is composed only of the sulfide solid electrolyte material. This is because a lithium battery with less hydrogen sulfide generation can be obtained.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the method of compression-molding a solid electrolyte material etc. can be mentioned, for example.
- the electrolyte layer in the present invention may be a layer composed of an electrolytic solution.
- electrolytic solution By using the electrolytic solution, a high output lithium battery can be obtained.
- at least one of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- electrolyte solution contains a lithium salt and an organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent) normally.
- lithium salt examples include inorganic lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , and LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC An organic lithium salt such as (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 can be used.
- organic solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), butylene carbonate, and the like.
- the positive electrode active material layer in the present invention is a layer containing at least a positive electrode active material, and may contain at least one of a solid electrolyte material, a conductive material, and a binder as necessary.
- the solid electrolyte material contained in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above. This is because a lithium battery with less hydrogen sulfide generation can be obtained.
- the ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the positive electrode active material layer varies depending on the type of the lithium battery.
- the positive electrode active material for example, LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , Li 2 NiMn 3 O 8 , LiVO 2 , LiCrO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 etc. can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode active material layer in the present invention may further contain a conductive material.
- a conductive material By adding a conductive material, the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer can be improved.
- the conductive material include acetylene black, ketjen black, and carbon fiber.
- the positive electrode active material layer may contain a binder. As a kind of binder, a fluorine-containing binder etc. can be mentioned, for example.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, for example.
- the negative electrode active material layer in the present invention is a layer containing at least a negative electrode active material, and may contain at least one of a solid electrolyte material, a conductive material and a binder as necessary.
- the solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above. This is because a lithium battery with less hydrogen sulfide generation can be obtained.
- the ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode active material layer varies depending on the type of the lithium battery.
- the negative electrode active material examples include a metal active material and a carbon active material.
- the metal active material examples include In, Al, Si, and Sn.
- examples of the carbon active material include mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), highly oriented graphite (HOPG), hard carbon, and soft carbon.
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- HOPG highly oriented graphite
- hard carbon examples of the solid electrolyte material and electroconductive material used for a negative electrode active material layer, it is the same as that of the case in the positive electrode active material layer mentioned above.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is, for example, in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the lithium battery of the present invention has at least the positive electrode active material layer, the electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode active material layer described above. Furthermore, it usually has a positive electrode current collector for collecting current of the positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector for collecting current of the negative electrode active material.
- Examples of the material for the positive electrode current collector include SUS, aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, and carbon. Among them, SUS is preferable.
- examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include SUS, copper, nickel, and carbon. Of these, SUS is preferable.
- the thickness and shape of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are preferably appropriately selected according to the use of the lithium battery.
- the battery case of a general lithium battery can be used for the battery case used for this invention.
- the battery case include a SUS battery case.
- the power generation element may be formed inside the insulating ring.
- the lithium battery of the present invention may be a primary battery or a secondary battery, but among them, a secondary battery is preferable. This is because it can be repeatedly charged and discharged and is useful, for example, as an in-vehicle battery.
- Examples of the shape of the lithium battery of the present invention include a coin type, a laminate type, a cylindrical type, and a square type.
- the manufacturing method of the lithium battery of this invention will not be specifically limited if it is a method which can obtain the lithium battery mentioned above, The method similar to the manufacturing method of a general lithium battery can be used.
- the lithium battery of the present invention is an all-solid battery
- examples of the production method include a material constituting the positive electrode active material layer, a material constituting the solid electrolyte layer, and a material constituting the negative electrode active material layer.
- a method of producing a power generation element by sequentially pressing, housing the power generation element in the battery case, and caulking the battery case can be exemplified.
- the positive electrode active material layer, negative electrode active material layer, and solid electrolyte layer which contain the sulfide solid electrolyte mentioned above can also be provided, respectively.
- the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention includes a preparation step of preparing a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and a sulfide containing an element of Group 14 or Group 15, and the above raw material composition.
- the raw material composition contains Li 2 S and a sulfide containing a Group 14 or Group 15 element in a predetermined ratio, the sulfide with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide generated.
- a solid electrolyte material can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view for explaining an example of the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention.
- Li 2 S lithium sulfide
- P 2 S 5 phosphorus pentasulfide
- these starting materials are mixed so that the molar fraction of Li 2 S is 75% to prepare a raw material composition (preparation step).
- the raw material composition and the balls for grinding are put into the pot, and the pot is sealed.
- this pot is attached to a planetary ball mill to amorphize the raw material composition (amorphization step).
- the raw material composition to obtain a substantially free sulfide solid electrolyte material of bridging sulfur and Li 2 S.
- the method for producing the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention will be described step by step.
- the preparation step in the present invention is a step of preparing a raw material composition containing Li 2 S and a sulfide containing a Group 14 or Group 15 element. Further, the raw material composition, the proportion that can be a sulfide containing Li 2 S and Group 14 or Group 15 element to obtain a substantially free sulfide solid electrolyte material of bridging sulfur and Li 2 S Contains. In addition, about the raw material composition used for this invention, since it is the same as that of the content described in said "A. sulfide solid electrolyte material", description here is abbreviate
- the amorphization step in the present invention is a step of amorphizing the raw material composition by an amorphization process. Thereby, a sulfide glass is usually obtained.
- Examples of the amorphization treatment include a mechanical milling method and a melt quenching method, and among them, the mechanical milling method is preferable. This is because processing at room temperature is possible, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- Mechanical milling is not particularly limited as long as the raw material composition is mixed while applying mechanical energy, and examples thereof include a ball mill, a turbo mill, a mechano-fusion, a disk mill, and the like. And a planetary ball mill is particularly preferable. This is because a desired sulfide solid electrolyte material can be obtained efficiently.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material substantially free of bridging sulfur and Li 2 S can be obtained.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material is synthesized by a planetary ball mill, the raw material composition and grinding balls are added to the pot, and the treatment is performed at a predetermined rotation speed and time.
- the higher the number of rotations the faster the production rate of the sulfide solid electrolyte material, and the longer the treatment time, the higher the conversion rate from the raw material composition to the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the number of rotations when performing the planetary ball mill is preferably in the range of 200 rpm to 500 rpm, and more preferably in the range of 250 rpm to 400 rpm. Further, the processing time when performing the planetary ball mill is preferably in the range of 1 hour to 100 hours, and more preferably in the range of 1 hour to 50 hours.
- Heat treatment step In the present invention, a heat treatment step of heat treating the sulfide glass obtained in the amorphization step may be performed. Thereby, a crystallized sulfide glass is usually obtained. Note that, depending on the heat treatment conditions, there is a possibility that bridging sulfur and Li 2 S may be generated or a metastable phase may be generated. It is preferable to adjust.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by the present invention is the same as the contents described in the above-mentioned “A. Sulfide solid electrolyte material”, description thereof is omitted here.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material characterized by obtained by the preparation process mentioned above and an amorphization process can be provided.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- Li 2 S lithium sulfide
- P 2 S 5 phosphorus pentasulfide
- Examples 1-1 to 1-3 had a lower hydrogen sulfide generation amount than Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-4.
- the hydrogen sulfide generation amount showed a minimum value (0.2 cc / g).
- All-solid lithium batteries were produced using the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-5, respectively. Note that the batteries were all manufactured in an argon atmosphere.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material 51 mg was pressed at a pressure of 1 ton / cm 2 using a pellet molding machine to form a solid electrolyte layer.
- a positive electrode mixture composed of LiCoO 2 (8.9 mg) and the above sulfide solid electrolyte material (3.8 mg) is added onto the surface of the solid electrolyte layer, and 1 ton / cm using a pellet molding machine. Pressed at a pressure of 2 to form a positive electrode active material layer.
- a negative electrode mixture composed of graphite (4.71 mg) and the above-mentioned sulfide solid electrolyte material (4.71 mg) is added onto the surface of the solid electrolyte layer where the positive electrode active material layer is not formed, and pellet molding is performed.
- the negative electrode active material layer was formed by pressing at a pressure of 4.3 ton / cm 2 using a machine. As a result, a power generation element was obtained.
- the power generation element was sandwiched between SUS, which is a current collector, to produce an all-solid lithium battery.
- the obtained all-solid-state lithium battery was placed inside a sealed desiccator (1755 cc, air atmosphere, temperature 25 ° C., humidity 40%), and the change in the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated with respect to the air exposure time was measured using a hydrogen sulfide sensor. It was measured.
- a hydrogen sulfide sensor a hydrogen sulfide sensor. It was measured.
- FIG. 6 As shown in FIG. 6, in Comparative Example 1-5, the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated increased with time, and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated after 150 seconds was 0.056 cc. On the other hand, in Example 1-2, the hydrogen sulfide generation amount did not increase with time, and the hydrogen sulfide generation amount after 150 seconds was 0.001 cc or less.
- Example 3-3 A solid electrolyte material was obtained (Examples 3-2 and 3-3).
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料について説明する。本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料は、2つの実施態様に大別することができる。以下、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料について、第一実施態様および第二実施態様に分けて説明する。
まず、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の第一実施態様について説明する。第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素の硫化物とを含有する原料組成物を用いてなる硫化物固体電解質材料であって、架橋硫黄およびLi2Sを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とするものである。
まず、第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料に用いられる原料組成物について説明する。第一実施態様における原料組成物は、Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素の硫化物とを含有するものである。さらに、原料組成物はその他の化合物を含有していても良い。
第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素の硫化物とを含有する原料組成物を用いてなるものである。中でも、第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料は、上記原料組成物を用いて、非晶質化処理により得られたものであることが好ましい。架橋硫黄およびLi2Sを実質的に含有しない硫化物固体電解質材料を効率良く得ることができるからである。また、非晶質化処理としては、例えば、メカニカルミリング法および溶融急冷法を挙げることができ、中でもメカニカルミリング法が好ましい。常温での処理が可能になり、製造工程の簡略化を図ることができるからである。
測定開始から300秒間における硫化水素発生量が、10cc/g以下であることが好ましく、5cc/g以下であることがより好ましく、3cc/g以下であることがさらに好ましく、1cc/g以下であることが特に好ましい。硫化水素発生量が少ないことで、より安全性の高い硫化物固体電解質材料とすることができるからである。ここで、硫化水素量測定試験とは、以下の試験をいう。すなわち、アルゴン雰囲気中で、硫化物固体電解質材料を100mg秤量し、その試料を、面積1cm2の成形部を有するペレット成形機を用いて、5.1ton/cm2の圧力でプレスし、ペレットを形成する。その後、得られたペレットを密閉されたデシケータ(1755cc、大気雰囲気、温度25℃、湿度40%)の内部に配置し、最初の300秒間で発生した硫化水素の発生量を、硫化水素センサーを用いて測定する。
次に、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の第二実施態様について説明する。第二実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li2SおよびP2S5のみを含有する原料組成物を非晶質化することによって得られた硫化物固体電解質材料であって、上記原料組成物におけるLi2Sのモル分率が、70%~85%の範囲内であることを特徴とするものである。
次に、本発明のリチウム電池について説明する。本発明のリチウム電池は、正極活物質を含有する正極活物質層と、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層と、上記正極活物質層および上記負極活物質層の間に形成された電解質層とを有するリチウム電池であって、上記正極活物質層、上記負極活物質層および上記電解質層の少なくとも一つが、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料を含有することを特徴とするものである。
以下、本発明のリチウム電池について、構成ごとに説明する。
まず、本発明における電解質層について説明する。本発明における電解質層は、正極活物質層および負極活物質層の間に形成される層である。電解質層は、Liイオンの伝導を行うことができる層であれば特に限定されるものではないが、固体電解質材料から構成される固体電解質層であることが好ましい。安全性の高いリチウム電池(全固体電池)を得ることができるからである。さらに、本発明においては、固体電解質層が、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料を含有することが好ましい。固体電解質層に含まれる上記硫化物固体電解質材料の割合は、例えば10体積%~100体積%の範囲内、中でも50体積%~100体積%の範囲内であることが好ましい。特に、本発明においては、固体電解質層が上記硫化物固体電解質材料のみから構成されていることが好ましい。硫化水素発生量の少ないリチウム電池を得ることができるからである。固体電解質層の厚さは、例えば0.1μm~1000μmの範囲内、中でも0.1μm~300μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。また、固体電解質層の形成方法としては、例えば、固体電解質材料を圧縮成形する方法等を挙げることができる。
次に、本発明における正極活物質層について説明する。本発明における正極活物質層は、少なくとも正極活物質を含有する層であり、必要に応じて、固体電解質材料および導電化材および結着材の少なくとも一つを含有していても良い。特に、本発明においては、正極活物質層に含まれる固体電解質材料が、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料であることが好ましい。硫化水素発生量の少ないリチウム電池を得ることができるからである。正極活物質層に含まれる硫化物固体電解質材料の割合は、リチウム電池の種類によって異なるものであるが、例えば0.1体積%~80体積%の範囲内、中でも1体積%~60体積%の範囲内、特に10体積%~50体積%の範囲内であることが好ましい。また、正極活物質としては、例えばLiCoO2、LiMnO2、Li2NiMn3O8、LiVO2、LiCrO2、LiFePO4、LiCoPO4、LiNiO2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2等を挙げることができる。
次に、本発明における負極活物質層について説明する。本発明における負極活物層は、少なくとも負極活物質を含有する層であり、必要に応じて、固体電解質材料、導電化材および結着材の少なくとも一つを含有していても良い。特に、本発明においては、負極活物質層に含まれる固体電解質材料が、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料であることが好ましい。硫化水素発生量の少ないリチウム電池を得ることができるからである。負極活物質層に含まれる硫化物固体電解質材料の割合は、リチウム電池の種類によって異なるものであるが、例えば0.1体積%~80体積%の範囲内、中でも1体積%~60体積%の範囲内、特に10体積%~50体積%の範囲内であることが好ましい。また、負極活物質としては、例えば金属活物質およびカーボン活物質を挙げることができる。金属活物質としては、例えばIn、Al、SiおよびSn等を挙げることができる。一方、カーボン活物質としては、例えばメソカーボンマイクロビーズ(MCMB)、高配向性グラファイト(HOPG)、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン等を挙げることができる。なお、負極活物質層に用いられる固体電解質材料および導電化材については、上述した正極活物質層における場合と同様である。また、負極活物質層の厚さは、例えば0.1μm~1000μmの範囲内である。
本発明のリチウム電池は、上述した正極活物質層、電解質層および負極活物質層を少なくとも有するものである。さらに通常は、正極活物質層の集電を行う正極集電体、および負極活物質の集電を行う負極集電体を有する。正極集電体の材料としては、例えばSUS、アルミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、チタンおよびカーボン等を挙げることができ、中でもSUSが好ましい。一方、負極集電体の材料としては、例えばSUS、銅、ニッケルおよびカーボン等を挙げることができ、中でもSUSが好ましい。また、正極集電体および負極集電体の厚さや形状等については、リチウム電池の用途等に応じて適宜選択することが好ましい。また、本発明に用いられる電池ケースには、一般的なリチウム電池の電池ケースを用いることができる。電池ケースとしては、例えばSUS製電池ケース等を挙げることができる。また、本発明のリチウム電池が全固体電池である場合、発電要素を絶縁リングの内部に形成しても良い。
本発明のリチウム電池は、一次電池であっても良く、二次電池であっても良いが、中でも二次電池であることが好ましい。繰り返し充放電でき、例えば車載用電池として有用だからである。本発明のリチウム電池の形状としては、例えば、コイン型、ラミネート型、円筒型および角型等を挙げることができる。
次に、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法について説明する。本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法は、Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素を含む硫化物とを含有する原料組成物を調製する調製工程と、上記原料組成物を、非晶質化処理により非晶質化する非晶質化工程とを有し、上記原料組成物が、上記Li2S、および上記第14族または第15族の元素を含む硫化物を、架橋硫黄およびLi2Sを実質的に含有しない硫化物固体電解質材料を得ることができる割合で含有していることを特徴とするものである。
本発明における調製工程は、Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素を含む硫化物とを含有する原料組成物を調製する工程である。さらに、原料組成物は、Li2Sと第14族または第15族の元素を含む硫化物とを、架橋硫黄およびLi2Sを実質的に含有しない硫化物固体電解質材料を得ることができる割合で含有する。なお、本発明に用いられる原料組成物については、上記「A.硫化物固体電解質材料」に記載した内容と同様であるので、ここでの記載は省略する。また、原料組成物は、各成分が均一に分散していることが好ましい。
本発明における非晶質化工程は、上記原料組成物を、非晶質化処理により非晶質化する工程である。これにより、通常、硫化物ガラスが得られる。非晶質化処理としては、例えばメカニカルミリング法および溶融急冷法を挙げることができ、中でもメカニカルミリング法が好ましい。常温での処理が可能になり、製造工程の簡略化を図ることができるからである。
本発明においては、非晶質化工程で得られた硫化物ガラスを熱処理する熱処理工程を行っても良い。これにより、通常、結晶化硫化物ガラスが得られる。なお、熱処理の条件によっては、架橋硫黄およびLi2Sが生成する可能性や準安定相が生成する可能性があるため、本発明においては、これらが生成しないように、熱処理温度および熱処理時間を調整することが好ましい。
本発明により得られる硫化物固体電解質材料については、上記「A.硫化物固体電解質材料」に記載した内容と同様であるので、ここでの記載は省略する。また、本発明においては、上述した調製工程および非晶質化工程により得られたことを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料を提供することができる。同様に、本発明においては、上述した調製工程、非晶質化工程および熱処理工程により得られたことを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料を提供することができる。
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S)と五硫化リン(P2S5)とを用いた。これらの粉末をアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、xLi2S・(100-x)P2S5の組成において、x=70のモル比となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合し、原料組成物を得た。次に、得られた原料組成物1gを45mlのジルコニアポットに投入し、さらにジルコニアボール(Φ10mm、10個)を投入し、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機に取り付け、回転数370rpmで40時間メカニカルミリングを行い、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た(実施例1-1)。また、xLi2S・(100-x)P2S5の組成において、xの値を、それぞれx=75,80に変化させたこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た(実施例1-2、1-3)。
xLi2S・(100-x)P2S5の組成において、xの値を、それぞれx=0,50,66.7,100に変化させたこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
実施例1-1で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料(x=70)を、さらに、アルゴン雰囲気中、290℃、2時間熱の条件で処理することで、結晶化硫化物ガラスからなる硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
(ラマン分光測定)
実施例1-1~1-3、比較例1-2、1-3で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、ラマン分光測定を行った。その結果を図3に示す。図3に示されるように、比較例1-2(x=50)および比較例1-3(x=66.7)では、417cm-1付近に架橋硫黄を有するP2S7(S3P-S-PS3)のピークが確認された。一方、実施例1-1(x=70)、実施例1-2(x=75)および実施例1-3(x=80)では、強度I402/強度I417が、それぞれ、65%、30%および14%となった。これにより、実施例1-1~1-3で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、架橋硫黄を実質的に有していないことが確認された。
実施例1-1、1-2、比較例1-2、1-4で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、X線回折測定を行った。その結果を図4に示す。図4に示されるように、比較例1-4(x=100)では、Li2Sのピークが確認されたが、実施例1-1、1-2、比較例1-2では、Li2Sのピークが確認されなかった。これにより、実施例1-1、1-2、比較例1-2で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li2Sを実質的に有していないことが確認された。
実施例1-1~1-3、比較例1-1~1-4で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料をそれぞれ100mg秤量し、これらの試料を、面積1cm2の成形部を有するペレット成形機を用いて、5.1ton/cm2の圧力でプレスし、ペレットを得た。その後、得られたペレットを密閉されたデシケータ(1755cc、大気雰囲気、温度25℃、湿度40%)の内部に配置し、最初の300秒間で発生した硫化水素の発生量を、硫化水素センサーを用いて測定した。これらの結果を図5に示す。
(電池としての硫化物発生量の測定)
実施例1-2および比較例1-5で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、それぞれ全固体リチウム電池を作製した。なお、電池の作製は、全てアルゴン雰囲気中で行った。まず、硫化物固体電解質材料(51mg)を、ペレット成形機を用いて、1ton/cm2の圧力でプレスし、固体電解質層を形成した。次に、固体電解質層の表面上に、LiCoO2(8.9mg)および上記の硫化物固体電解質材料(3.8mg)からなる正極合剤を添加し、ペレット成形機を用いて、1ton/cm2の圧力でプレスし、正極活物質層を形成した。次に、正極活物質層が形成されていない固体電解質層の表面上に、グラファイト(4.71mg)および上記の硫化物固体電解質材料(4.71mg)からなる負極合剤を添加し、ペレット成形機を用いて、4.3ton/cm2の圧力でプレスし、負極活物質層を形成した。これにより発電要素を得た。その発電要素を、集電体であるSUSで挟み、全固体リチウム電池を作製した。
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S)と硫化珪素(SiS2)とを用いた。これらの粉末をアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、xLi2S・(100-x)SiS2の組成において、x=50のモル比となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た(実施例2-1)。また、xLi2S・(100-x)SiS2の組成において、xの値を、x=66.7に変化させたこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た(実施例2-2)。
xLi2S・(100-x)SiS2の組成において、xの値を、それぞれx=0,100に変化させたこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S)と硫化ゲルマニウム(GeS2)とを用いた。これらの粉末をアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、xLi2S・(100-x)GeS2の組成において、x=50のモル比となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た(実施例3-1)。また、xLi2S・(100-x)GeS2の組成において、xの値を、それぞれx=66.7,75に変化させたこと以外は、実施例3-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た(実施例3-2、3-3)。
xLi2S・(100-x)GeS2の組成において、xの値を、それぞれx=0,100に変化させたこと以外は、実施例3-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S)と硫化アルミニウム(Al2S3)とを用いた。これらの粉末をアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、xLi2S・(100-x)Al2S3の組成において、x=0,50,75,100のモル比となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合し、原料組成物を得た。これらの原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
(ペレットとしての硫化物発生量の測定)
実施例2-1、2-2、比較例2-1、2-2と、実施例3-1~3-3、比較例3-1、3-2と、比較例4-1~4-4とで得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、ペレットとしての硫化物発生量の測定を行った。なお、ペレットの作製方法および硫化水素発生量の測定方法は、上記と同様である。それらの結果を図7~図9に示す。図7に示されるように、実施例2-1、2-2は、比較例2-1、2-2に比べて、硫化水素発生量が低いことが確認された。特に、オルト組成を得る値(x=66.7)において、硫化水素発生量が最小値を示した。同様に、図8に示されるように、実施例3-1~3-3は、比較例3-2に比べて、硫化水素発生量が低いことが確認された。特に、オルト組成を得る値(x=66.7)において、硫化水素発生量が最小値を示した。なお、比較例3-1は、Liを含まないため、Liイオン伝導性を示さなかった。一方、図9に示されるように、比較例4-1~4-4では、いずれも硫化水素発生量は高くなった。このように、第13族の元素であるAlを用いた硫化物固体電解質材料の場合、第14族の元素であるSiおよびSi、第15族の元素であるPを用いた硫化物固体電解質材料のように、オルトの組成において極小値を示さないことが確認された。また、実施例2-1、2-2、3-1~3-3で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、電池としての硫化物発生量の測定を測定した結果、いずれも硫化水素発生量を低くすることができた。
2 … 負極活物質層
3 … 電解質層
10 … 発電要素
Claims (11)
- Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素の硫化物とを含有する原料組成物を用いてなる硫化物固体電解質材料であって、
架橋硫黄およびLi2Sを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記架橋硫黄のピークがラマン分光測定により検出されず、前記Li2SのピークがX線回折測定により検出されないことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記硫化物固体電解質材料が、硫化物ガラスであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項または第2項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記第14族または第15族の元素が、P、SiまたはGeであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第3項までのいずれかに記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記原料組成物がLi2SおよびP2S5のみを含有し、前記原料組成物に含まれるLi2Sのモル分率が、70%~85%の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれかに記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記原料組成物が、Li2SおよびSiS2のみ、または、Li2SおよびGeS2のみを含有し、前記原料組成物に含まれるLi2Sのモル分率が、50%~80%の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれかに記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- Li2SおよびP2S5のみを含有する原料組成物を、非晶質化することによって得られた硫化物固体電解質材料であって、
前記原料組成物におけるLi2Sのモル分率が、70%~85%の範囲内であることを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 正極活物質を含有する正極活物質層と、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層と、前記正極活物質層および前記負極活物質層の間に形成された電解質層とを有するリチウム電池であって、
前記正極活物質層、前記負極活物質層および前記電解質層の少なくとも一つが、請求の範囲第1項から第7項までのいずれかに記載の硫化物固体電解質材料を含有することを特徴とするリチウム電池。 - Li2Sと、第14族または第15族の元素を含む硫化物とを含有する原料組成物を調製する調製工程と、
前記原料組成物を、非晶質化処理により非晶質化する非晶質化工程とを有し、
前記原料組成物が、前記Li2S、および前記第14族または第15族の元素を含む硫化物を、架橋硫黄およびLi2Sを実質的に含有しない硫化物固体電解質材料を得ることができる割合で含有していることを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法。 - 前記原料組成物がLi2SおよびP2S5のみを含有し、前記原料組成物に含まれるLi2Sのモル分率が、70%~85%の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 前記非晶質化処理が、メカニカルミリングであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項または第10項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150249266A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
CN104659411A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
CN102334225B (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
CN104659411B (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
KR20130105724A (ko) | 2013-09-25 |
EP2916381A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
JP5448038B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
EP2403046B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
KR20110120916A (ko) | 2011-11-04 |
EP2403046A4 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
EP2403046A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
AU2010218963B2 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
AU2010218963A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
JP2010199033A (ja) | 2010-09-09 |
US20120034529A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
US9064615B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
EP2916381B1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
CN102334225A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
KR101718187B1 (ko) | 2017-03-20 |
US20150244024A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
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