WO2008072486A1 - スパッタリングターゲット及び酸化物半導体膜 - Google Patents
スパッタリングターゲット及び酸化物半導体膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008072486A1 WO2008072486A1 PCT/JP2007/073134 JP2007073134W WO2008072486A1 WO 2008072486 A1 WO2008072486 A1 WO 2008072486A1 JP 2007073134 W JP2007073134 W JP 2007073134W WO 2008072486 A1 WO2008072486 A1 WO 2008072486A1
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- sputtering target
- powder
- sintered body
- surface area
- specific surface
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target and an oxide semiconductor film.
- An oxide semiconductor film made of a metal composite oxide has high mobility and visible light transmission, and includes a liquid crystal display device, a thin-film electoluminescence display device, an electrophoretic display device, a powder transfer device, and the like. It is used for applications such as switching elements and drive circuit elements in system display devices.
- Examples of the oxide semiconductor film made of a metal composite oxide include an oxide semiconductor film made of an oxide of In, Ga, and Zn (IGZO).
- An oxide semiconductor film formed using an IGZO sputtering target has an advantage of higher mobility than an amorphous silicon film, and has attracted attention (Patent Documents 1 to 10).
- the IGZO sputtering target is represented by InGaO (ZnO) (m is an integer from! To 20)
- the IGZO sputtering target is prepared by mixing raw material powders to prepare a mixture, calcining, pulverizing, granulating and molding the mixture to produce a molded body, and sintering and reducing the molded body. Because of the large number of processes, this has the drawback of reducing the productivity of the sputtering target and increasing the cost.
- the conductivity of the obtained sputtering target is about 90 S / cm (Balter specific resistance: 0.011 ⁇ cm), and it was difficult to obtain a target that does not generate cracks during sputtering because of high resistance. .
- Patent Documents 11 to 15 a compound represented by ZnGa 2 O and InGaZnO
- the compound represented by 2 4 4 has not been obtained.
- the particle size of the raw material powder used in Patent Documents 11 to 15 is only described as having a particle size of 10 m or less. Furthermore, it is not described that it can be used for a sputtering target that does not have a description regarding a force specific resistance value that is described as being usable for a semiconductor element.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-295514
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-8-330103
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-044236
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-165527
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-165528
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-165529
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-165530
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-165531
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-165532
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-173580
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-239117
- Patent Document 12 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-210022
- Patent Document 13 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-210023
- Patent Document 14 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-210024
- Patent Document 15 JP-A 63-265818
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target that can suppress the occurrence of abnormal discharge even when the IGZO sputtering target is used in DC sputtering.
- a positive tetravalent metal element is added to the IGZO sputtering target mainly composed of InGaZnO.
- indium oxide gallium monoxide or raw material powder containing zinc monoxide as a main component is mixed and pulverized by a specific mixing and pulverization method, and the ratio of the raw material mixed powder to the pulverized powder It was found that the calcination step and the reduction step can be omitted by adjusting the surface area or median diameter (third invention).
- the following sputtering target and the like are provided.
- Sputtering including a compound represented by ZnGaO and a compound represented by InGaZnO target.
- the sputtering target according to any one of the Butler resistance is less than 5 ⁇ 10_ 3 ⁇ cm 1 ⁇ 5.
- a sputtering target containing a spinel structure compound represented by O A sputtering target containing a spinel structure compound represented by O.
- the sputter according to 1, comprising at least a homo-mouth gas structure compound represented by InGaZnO Ring target.
- the average particle size of the spinel structure compound represented by ZnGaO is 10 m or less 1
- the molded body is fired at 1250 ° C or higher and lower than 1450 ° C in an oxygen stream or in an oxygen-pressed state.
- the Balta resistance is less than l X 10_ d Q cm
- the positive tetravalent or higher metal element is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tin, zirconium, germanium, cerium, bu, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- the ratio table surface area product is 66 to ⁇ ;; 1100 mm 22 // gg acid-oxidized Yindidiumum powder, and the ratio table surface area product is 55 to ⁇ ;; 1100mm 22 // gg of acid-oxidized gagalylium powder, and the specific surface area of the specific ratio table is 22 ⁇ 44mm 22 // gg.
- the acid-oxidized Yindiumum powder having a particle size distribution of 11 to 22 mm, and a medidiaan diameter is ;; !! Acid-oxidized galgarium powder having a diameter of 22 mm, and a medidiaan diameter of 00..88-- ;;;
- the raw powder is a mixed and mixed powder powder having a memediadian diameter of the whole powder powder of 11..00 to ⁇ ;; 99.99 mm.
- the raw material is mixed, mixed and pulverized with a wet-and-wet medium medium stirring and stirring mill, and the raw material raw material has a median diameter of 00.
- Medium 11225500 ⁇ ;; 1 Includes the process of sintering by sintering at 1445500 ° CC
- the density of the sintered body obtained in the sintering step is 6. Og / cm 3 or more;
- a sputtering target can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an X-ray chart of a target manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an X-ray chart of a target produced in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray chart of a target produced in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray chart of a target produced in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the additive amount of a metal element having a positive tetravalence or more and the Balta resistance of a sintered body.
- FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a target prepared by adding tin.
- FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the sintered body produced in Example 8.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of tin element added and the Balta resistance value of the sintered body.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the additive amount of a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher and the Balta resistance of a sintered body.
- the sputtering target of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the target of the present invention) contains oxides of indium (In), gallium (Ga) and zinc (Zn) and is represented by ZnGa 2 O.
- Abnormal growth of the compound can be suppressed, and abnormal discharge during sputtering of the target can be suppressed. Further, since the crystal grain size can be reduced, oxygen vacancies can be generated at the crystal interface and the Balta resistance can be reduced.
- the sputtering target of the present invention is InGaO (ZnO) (m is an integer of 2 to 20).
- a plurality of crystal systems such as a compound represented by ZnGaO and a compound represented by ZnGaO.
- Oxygen vacancies occur due to crystal mismatch at these grain boundaries, and carriers are generated in the target. This carrier reduces the resistance of the target and suppresses abnormal discharge during sputtering.
- the atomic ratio represented by In / (In + Ga + Zn), the atomic ratio represented by Ga / (In + Ga + Zn), and Zn / (In + Ga + Zn) ) Atoms represented by The ratio preferably satisfies the following formula:
- the atomic ratio can be obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio of an indium compound, a gallium compound and a zinc compound before sintering, which will be described later.
- Ga / (In + Ga + Zn) When Ga / (In + Ga + Zn) is 0.5 or more, the carrier mobility when used as a semiconductor of an oxide semiconductor film obtained by film formation may be lowered. On the other hand, when Ga / (I n + Ga + Zn) is 0.2 or less, the conductivity of the oxide semiconductor film obtained by film formation becomes high, which may make it difficult to use as a semiconductor. In addition, the semiconductor characteristics may change due to disturbances such as heating, and the threshold voltage (Vth) shift may increase.
- the oxide semiconductor film may be crystallized.
- Zn / (In + Ga + ZnWS is 0.5 or more, the stability of the oxide semiconductor film itself may be problematic, which may increase the Vth shift.
- the atomic ratio of each element in the target can be obtained by measuring the abundance of each element by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) measurement.
- the atomic ratio represented by In / (In + Ga + Zn) and the atomic ratio represented by Ga / (In + Ga + Zn) preferably satisfy the following formula.
- the sputtering target of the present invention preferably contains a positive tetravalent or higher metal element, and the content of the positive tetravalent or higher metal element relative to all the metal elements is [a positive tetravalent or higher metal element.
- Element / all metal elements: atomic ratio] 0.000;! ⁇ 0.2.
- the Balta resistance value of the target itself can be reduced, and the occurrence of abnormal discharge during sputtering of the target can be suppressed.
- the content of a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher value [metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher / total metal element: atomic ratio] is less than 0.0001, the effect of reducing the Baltha resistance value may be small.
- the content of metal elements more than positive tetravalent [metal elements more than positive tetravalent / total metal elements: atomic ratio] exceeds 0.2, the stability of the oxide semiconductor film may be problematic.
- Examples of the metal element having a positive tetravalence or higher include tin, zirconium, germanium, cerium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten, and more preferably tin, cerium, and dinoleconium.
- the above-mentioned positive tetravalent or higher metal element is added to the raw material of the sputtering target of the present invention so that the content of the metal element falls within the above range, for example, as a metal oxide.
- the sputtering target of the present invention may contain, for example, nodium, rhenium, titanium, vanadium, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, in addition to the above-described tetravalent or higher metal element.
- the sputtering target of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the target of the present invention) contains oxides of indium (In), gallium (Ga) and zinc (Zn), and contains InGaO (ZnO) (m
- 3 m is an integer of 1 to 20) and a spine represented by ZnGaO.
- the homo-oral gas structure compound is a compound having a homo-oral gas phase.
- the homologous gas phase (Homologous Series) is, for example, a magneli phase represented by the composition formula of Ti 2 O, where n is a natural number. In such a phase, n changes continuously n 2n 1
- homo-mouth gas structure compound examples include In O. (ZnO) (m is an integer of 2 to 20), In
- the spinel structure compound is usually referred to as the AB X type or A BX type as the spinel structure.
- a compound having a simple crystal structure is referred to as a spinel structure compound.
- anions usually oxygen
- cations are present in a part of the tetrahedral gap and octahedral gap.
- Spinel structure compounds also include substitutional solid solutions in which atoms and ions in the crystal structure are partially substituted with other atoms, and interstitial solid solutions in which other atoms are added to interstitial positions.
- the crystalline state of the compound in the target can be determined by observing a sample collected from the target (sintered body) by an X-ray diffraction method.
- the spinel structure compound that is a constituent component of the target of the present invention is represented by ZnGaO.
- X-ray diffraction shows the peak pattern force of 38-1240 in the JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) database, or a similar (shifted) pattern.
- the abnormal growth of the compound represented by GaO (ZnO) (m is an integer of 2 to 20) can be suppressed.
- the abnormal discharge during sputtering of the target can be suppressed. Furthermore, preferably by producing a compound represented by InGaZnO, InGaO (ZnO) (m is 2 to 20
- the abnormal growth of the compound represented by (integer) can be further suppressed.
- the bending strength of the target can be increased, and the ability to control the cracking of the target during sputtering can be achieved.
- the sputtering target of the present invention is represented by InGaO (ZnO) (m is an integer of ! to 20).
- a plurality of homo-mouth gas structural compounds and a spinel structural compound represented by ZnGaO A plurality of homo-mouth gas structural compounds and a spinel structural compound represented by ZnGaO.
- the diameter is preferably 10 m or less, more preferably 5 m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the spinel structure compound represented by ZnGaO is, for example, a scanning electron
- the sputtering target of the first and second embodiments preferably has a Baltha resistance of 5 X
- Balta resistance is 5 XI
- abnormal discharge may be induced during sputtering or foreign matter (nodules) may be generated.
- the Balta resistance of the target of the present invention can be measured by the four probe method.
- the sputtering target of the present invention preferably has a sintered body density of 6. Og / cm 3 or more, and the target sintered body density is set to 6. Og / cm 3 or more, whereby the bending strength of the target is increased. It is possible to suppress the cracking of the target during sputtering. On the other hand, if the sintered compact density of the target is less than 6. Og / cm 3 , the target surface may become black and abnormal discharge may occur.
- CIP cold isostatic pressure
- HIP hot isostatic pressure
- the target of the present invention preferably has a surface roughness (Ra) of 2 111 or less and an average bending strength S50 MPa or more, more preferably a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.5 111 or less, and The average bending strength is 55 MPa or more.
- the average bending strength of the target can be maintained at 50 MPa or more, and the force S can suppress cracking of the target during sputtering. Monkey.
- the surface roughness (Ra) can be measured by the AFM method, and the average bending strength can be measured according to JIS R 1601.
- the target of the present invention preferably has Fe, Al, Si, Ni and Cu contents of ⁇ pm (weight) or less.
- Fe, Al, Si, Ni, and Cu are impurities in the target of the present invention, and by setting their contents to lOppm (weight) or less, the threshold value of the oxide semiconductor film obtained by forming this target is reduced. Stable operating condition can be obtained by suppressing voltage fluctuation.
- the content of the impurity element can be measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the sputtering target of the present invention has indium (In), gallium (Ga) and zinc (
- a positive tetravalent metal element may be contained as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the oxide semiconductor film obtained using the sputtering target of the present invention is amorphous, and exhibits stable semiconductor characteristics with no carrier generation effect (doping effect) even when a positive tetravalent metal element is contained. .
- indium oxide, gallium oxide and zinc oxide are finely pulverized and mixed and granulated to prepare a mixture, and the mixture is formed to produce a molded body. , 1250 ° C or higher when the compact is in an oxygen stream or under pressurized condition 14
- It can be produced by heat treatment at less than 50 ° C.
- Raw materials for the sputtering target of the present invention are indium oxide, gallium oxide and zinc oxide, preferably
- the purity of each of the above raw materials is usually 2N (99% by mass) or more, preferably 3N (99.9% by mass).
- an ordinary mixing and pulverizing machine can be used.
- it can be uniformly mixed and pulverized using a wet medium stirring mill, a bead mill, or an ultrasonic device.
- the mixing ratio of each raw material is the atomic ratio represented by In / (In + Ga + Zn), the atomic ratio represented by Ga / (In + Ga + Zn) in the sputtering target of the present invention, and Mixing is performed such that the atomic ratio represented by Zn / (In + Ga + Zn) satisfies the following formula, for example.
- Each raw material after pulverization and mixed granulation is, for example, a force that increases the specific surface area of each raw material after mixed granulation by 1.0 to 2.5 m 2 / g from the specific surface area of each raw material before mixed granulation, Alternatively, the mixture is prepared so that the average median diameter of each raw material is 0.6 to 1.0 m.
- each raw material is less than 1.
- Om 2 / g or the average median diameter of each raw material is less than 0.6 111, impurities will be mixed from the grinding equipment during fine pulverization and mixed granulation. The amount may increase.
- the fine pulverization and mixed granulation are more efficiently performed. It is preferable that the difference in specific surface area of indium oxide and gallium oxide before pulverization and mixed granulation is 3 m 2 / g or less. When the difference in specific surface area is not within the above range, efficient fine pulverization and mixed granulation cannot be performed, and gallium oxide particles may remain in the obtained sintered body.
- a mold molding mold As the molding process for forming the above-mentioned mixed and mixed compound into a molding mold, a mold molding mold, a swallow molding molding Although there are examples of shapes, injection injection molding, etc., it is possible to obtain a sintered sintered compact with a high density of the sintered sintered compact. Therefore, it may be preferable to form it with CCIIPP ((hydrostatic pressure between cold and cold)) or the like. .
- the poplar rebiruru aruarukokoruru, metechiruru sescer ruloose soup, popori rewakkkususu It is also possible to use a molding aid such as oleorenic acid ! //. .
- the sputter-pattering ring target tag is obtained by baking and firing the molded body obtained by the method described above. This is where you can manufacture and manufacture a sintered sintered body for tutto. .
- the firing temperature is 11225500 ° CC or more and less than 11445500 ° CC, or less than 11330000 ° CC or more and 11445500 ° CC or less. It is. . Also, the firing time is usually between 22 and ⁇ ;; 110000 hours, and preferably between 44 and 4400 hours. The . If the calcining temperature is less than 11225500 ° CC, the density density of the calcined and sintered product obtained will not be improved. There is a chance. . On the other hand, if the calcining temperature is over 11445500 ° CC, zinc zinc lead is evaporated and the composition of the sintered sintered body is reduced. There is a possibility that the void is changed and / or the void void (air gap) is generated in the target gate. .
- the above-mentioned calcination firing may be carried out favorably when carried out in an oxygen-oxygen gas stream or under an oxygen-oxygen oxygen pressure. . This can be done by firing and firing under an oxygen-oxygen atmosphere, which can suppress the transpiration of zinc zinc lead, Manufacturing and manufacturing a sintered sintered body having no voids ((void voids)). . In this sintered body, IInnGGaaZZnnOO and ZZnnGGaa OO are formed and formed. What is here?
- the sintered and sintered body after the above-mentioned firing and firing is subjected to a desired desired surface roughness of the surface, for example, polishing and polishing.
- a desired desired surface roughness of the surface for example, polishing and polishing.
- the above-mentioned sintered sintered body is ground with a flat surface grinding machine, and the average surface roughness ((RRaa)) is calculated. Less than 55 ⁇ or less, preferably 22 mm or less, and the surface of the spatpatter surface is mirror-finished, and the average The surface roughness ((RRaa)) should be less than 11000000 angstrom strokes. .
- specular surface machining (polishing / polishing) is not particularly limited and is not limited to mechanical / mechanical polishing / polishing, chemical / chemical polishing / polishing, memeka kanono Uses well-known polishing and polishing techniques such as Kechemikakarru polishing (for the combined use of mechanical and mechanical polishing and chemical chemical polishing). It is possible to complete here and here. .
- Examples of the cleaning treatment include air blow and running water cleaning.
- air blow removal of foreign matter
- air can be removed more effectively by suctioning with a dust collector from the side facing the nozzle.
- ultrasonic cleaning or the like after the above-described cleaning treatment such as air blowing or running water cleaning.
- This ultrasonic cleaning is effective by performing multiple oscillations at a frequency of 25 to 300 KHz.
- ultrasonic cleaning may be performed by oscillating 12 types of frequencies at a frequency of 25 to 300 KHz in increments of 25 KHz.
- the obtained sputtering target By bonding the obtained sputtering target to a backing plate, it can be used by being attached to a sputtering apparatus.
- the method for producing a sputtering target of the present invention does not require a calcination step at all, and a high-density sintered body for a sputtering target can be obtained.
- a sintered body having a low Balta resistance can be obtained without requiring any reduction process.
- the sputtering target of the present invention is a sputtering target with high productivity because the calcining step and the reduction step can be omitted.
- An oxide semiconductor film can be formed using the target of the present invention. As a method of film formation
- RF magnetron sputtering method DC magnetron sputtering method, electron beam evaporation method, ion plating method, etc.
- the RF magnetron sputtering method is preferably used.
- the Balta resistance of the target exceeds 1 ⁇ cm, the RF magnetron sputtering method can be used to maintain a stable sputtering state without abnormal discharge.
- an industrially advantageous DC magnetron sputtering method can be employed.
- the oxide semiconductor film formed using the sputtering target of the present invention since the sputtering target has a high density, generation of nodules and particles is small.
- the sputtering target of the present invention is an IGZO sputtering target manufactured mainly from indium oxide, gallium oxide and zinc oxide, and is represented by InGaZnO.
- An IGZO sputtering target containing a positive tetravalent or higher metal element can reduce the Balta resistance of the target itself, and can suppress the occurrence of abnormal discharge during DC sputtering.
- the main component is a compound (crystal) represented by InGaZnO in X-ray diffraction analysis.
- the addition amount (weight) of the tetravalent or higher valent metal element with respect to all metal elements in the target is lOOppm to! OOOOppm. If the amount added is less than lOOppm, the effect of adding a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher value may be small. On the other hand, if it exceeds lOOOOppm, problems may occur in the stability of the oxide thin film, or the carrier mobility may decrease. is there.
- the addition amount of the positive tetravalent or higher metal element is preferably ⁇ 200 ppm to 5000 ppm, and more preferably ⁇ 500 ppm to 2000 ppm.
- Balta resistance of the target is less than 1 X 10_ 3 ⁇ cm.
- Balta resistance is IX 10_ 3 ⁇ cm or more, when DC sputtering is continued for a long time, a spark is generated due to abnormal discharge, the target is cracked, and particles that have jumped out of the target due to spark adhere to the deposition substrate. Thus, the performance of the obtained film as an oxide semiconductor film may be reduced.
- Balta resistance is a value measured by a four-probe method using a resistivity meter.
- the sputtering target of the present invention can be produced, for example, by mixing powders of materials containing indium oxide, gallium oxide, zinc oxide, and a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher, and pulverizing and sintering the mixture. .
- a material containing a metal element having a positive tetravalence or higher for example, a simple metal or an oxide can be used. wear.
- the positive tetravalent or higher metal element may be appropriately selected from one or more of tin, zirconium, germanium, cerium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and tungsten.
- the specific surface area of the indium oxide powder is 8 to 10 m 2 / g
- the specific surface area of the gallium oxide powder is 5 to 10 m 2 / g
- the specific surface area of the zinc oxide powder is 2 to 4 m 2 / g g is preferred.
- the median diameter of the indium oxide powder is preferably 1 to 2 m
- the median diameter of the gallium oxide powder is preferably! To 2 111
- the median diameter of the zinc oxide powder is preferably 0 to 8 to 6 m.
- the difference in specific surface area is preferably 3 m 2 / g or less. If the specific surface area is too different, efficient pulverization and mixing cannot be performed, and gallium oxide particles may remain in the sintered body.
- the mixing ratio of indium oxide powder, gallium oxide powder and zinc oxide powder is approximately 45:30:25 (monore) by weight.
- the compounding amount of the material containing a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher is lOOppm to the total metal element in the target;! OOOOppm, preferably indium oxide powder, gallium oxide powder and zinc oxide powder It adjusts suitably according to the usage-amount of.
- the mixed powder is mixed and ground using, for example, a wet medium stirring mill.
- the specific surface area after pulverization is about 1.5 to 2.5 m 2 / g higher than the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder, or the average median diameter after pulverization is about 0.6 to 1 ⁇ m. It is preferable to pulverize.
- the increase in specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder is less than 1.
- Om 2 / g If the average median diameter of the powder exceeds 1 ⁇ m, the sintered density may not be sufficiently high. On the other hand, if the increase in the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder exceeds 3.
- Om 2 / g or if the average median diameter after pulverization is less than 0.6 m, contamination from the pulverizer machine (impurities) Amount) may increase.
- the specific surface area of each powder is a value measured by the BET method.
- the median diameter of the particle size distribution of each powder is a value measured with a particle size distribution meter.
- the raw material after the pulverization step is dried with a spray dryer or the like and then molded.
- a known method such as pressure forming or cold isostatic pressing can be employed.
- the obtained molded product is sintered to obtain a sintered body.
- a sintered body for an I GZO sputtering target having a sintered body density of 6. Og / cm 3 or more can be obtained. If the temperature is less than 1500 ° C, the density will not improve. If the temperature exceeds 1600 ° C, zinc will evaporate, the composition of the sintered body will change, and voids (voids) will be generated in the sintered body due to evaporation. There is a case.
- Sintering is preferably carried out under the pressure of sintering in an oxygen atmosphere by circulating oxygen. As a result, transpiration of zinc can be suppressed, and a sintered body free from voids (voids) can be obtained.
- the sintered body produced in this way has a high density of 6. Og / cm 3 or higher, so there is little generation of nodules and particles during use, so an oxide semiconductor film with excellent film characteristics is produced. be able to.
- InGaZnO is produced as a main component in the obtained sintered body. This is X-ray times
- the obtained sintered body becomes a sputtering target by polishing, washing and the like in the same manner as in the first invention.
- an IGZO oxide semiconductor film containing In, Ga, and Zn oxides as main components can be formed on an object such as a substrate.
- the oxide thin film obtained from the target of the present invention is an amorphous film, and added positive tetravalent Since the above metal elements do not exhibit a doping effect (an effect of generating a carrier), the film is sufficiently good as a film with a reduced electron density. Therefore, when used as an oxide semiconductor film, the stability is high and the Vth shift is suppressed, so that the operation as a semiconductor is stable.
- a mixed powder containing indium oxide powder, gallium oxide powder and zinc oxide powder, or a powder mainly composed of indium oxide, gallium oxide and zinc oxide is used as a raw material.
- each material has a specific surface area or a median diameter of particle size distribution of a predetermined value.
- the above raw material powder is mixed and pulverized by a wet medium stirring mill to adjust the specific surface area or the median diameter of the particle size distribution, and the raw material after the pulverization step is formed, and in an oxygen atmosphere 1250 to A step of sintering at 1450 ° C.
- a mixed powder containing the following powders (a) to (c) is used as the raw material powder.
- a fourth component may be added in addition to the components (a) to (c).
- the total of the above three types is preferably 90% by weight or more of the whole raw material.
- the specific surface area of the mixed powder as a raw material is set to 5 to 8 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area of each powder is a value measured by the BET method.
- the specific surface area can be adjusted by pulverizing the powder by a dry pulverization method, a wet pulverization method or the like.
- the specific surface areas of indium oxide and gallium oxide are substantially the same. Thereby, pulverization and mixing can be performed more efficiently.
- the difference in specific surface area between each raw material powder is preferably 3m 2 / g or less! /. Large difference in specific surface area! / And efficiency Pulverization and mixing may not be possible, and gallium oxide powder may remain in the sintered body.
- the mixing ratio of indium oxide and gallium oxide can be adjusted as appropriate according to the application.
- the compounding ratio (molar ratio) of indium oxide and gallium oxide should be the same amount or more indium oxide than gallium oxide. It is preferable to blend as described above. If the molar ratio of gallium oxide is larger than the molar ratio of indium oxide, excessive gallium oxide crystal particles may be present in the target, which may cause abnormal discharge.
- the blending amount of zinc oxide should be equal to or less than the total amount of blending ratio (molar ratio) of indium oxide and gallium oxide.
- the above raw material powder is mixed and pulverized by a wet medium stirring mill, whereby the specific surface area of the powder is increased by 1.0 to 3. Om 2 / g from the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder.
- the increase in the specific surface area after pulverization is less than 1.
- Om 2 / g the density of the sintered body after the sintering process will not be improved.
- Om 2 / g The amount of impurities (contamination) is increased.
- the increase in specific surface area after pulverization is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder before pulverization means a specific surface area measured in a state where each oxide powder is mixed.
- wet medium stirring mill commercially available apparatuses such as a bead mill, a ball mill, a roll mill, a planetary mill, and a jet mill can be used.
- the grinding media are preferably zirconia, alumina, stone, titania, silicon nitride, stainless steel, mullite, glass beads, SiC, etc.
- the particle size is about 0.; Is preferred.
- the raw material after the above-described pulverization step is dried with a spray dryer or the like and then molded.
- a known method such as pressure forming or cold isostatic pressing can be employed.
- the obtained molded product is sintered to obtain a sintered body.
- the sintering temperature is controlled from 1250 to 1450 ° C, preferably from 1350 ° C to 1450 ° C, and sintering is performed in an oxygen atmosphere by circulating oxygen or pressurizing oxygen. If the temperature is less than 1250 ° C, the density of the sintered body will not improve. If the temperature exceeds 1450 ° C, zinc will evaporate, and the composition of the sintered body will change, or voids (voids) will form in the sintered body due to transpiration. May occur.
- the sintering time is 2 to 72 hours, preferably 20 to 48 hours.
- a sintered body free from voids By sintering in an oxygen atmosphere, transpiration of zinc can be suppressed, and a sintered body free from voids (voids) can be obtained. As a result, the density of the sintered body can be increased to 6. Og / cm 3 or more, and a sintered body having a Balta resistance of less than 5 m ⁇ cm can be obtained without requiring any reduction process. I can do it. If the Balta resistance is 5 m ⁇ cm or more, abnormal discharge may be induced during sputtering or foreign matter (nodules) may be generated.
- a mixed powder containing the following powders (a ′) to () is used as the raw material powder.
- (a ') Median size of particle size distribution of indium oxide powder: 1-2 m
- a fourth component may be added. At this time, it is preferable that the total of the above three types is 90% by weight or more of the whole raw material!
- the median diameter of the particle size distribution of the mixed powder as a raw material is 1.0 to 1.9111.
- the median diameter of the particle size distribution of each powder is a value measured by a particle size distribution meter. Further, the median diameter can be adjusted by classification after dry grinding or wet grinding.
- Indium oxide and gallium oxide preferably have the same median diameter. That's right. This enables efficient pulverization and mixing.
- the difference in median diameter between the raw material powders is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. If the median diameter difference is large, efficient pulverization and mixing may not be possible, and gallium oxide particles may remain in the sintered body.
- the median diameter after pulverization is set to 0.6 to 1111.
- the change in the median diameter of the raw material before and after pulverization is preferably 0 .; 1 m or more.
- the median diameter after pulverization means the median diameter of the entire mixed powder.
- the pulverized raw material is formed and sintered to produce a sintered body, which may be carried out in the same manner as in the above (1).
- the sintered body produced in (1) or (2) above becomes a sputtering target by polishing, washing, and the like in the same manner as in the first invention.
- an oxide semiconductor film containing In, Ga, and Zn oxides as main components can be obtained.
- the production method of the present invention can increase the density of the sputtering target obtained by simply improving the productivity of the sputtering target to 6. Og / cm 3 or more. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor film having excellent film characteristics with less generation of nodules and particles can be obtained.
- the upper limit of the density of the sputtering target is about 6.8 g / cm 3 depending on the composition.
- a positive tetravalent metal element may be contained in the sintered body at 200 to 5000 ppm (atomic ratio).
- Sn 2 O, ZrO, CeO, GeO, TiO, HfO, and the like may be blended.
- indium oxide, gallium oxide and zinc oxide are used.
- other ingredients that improve the characteristics of the sputtering target may be added to the raw material powder.
- a positive trivalent lanthanoid element or the like may be added.
- the obtained oxide semiconductor film is amorphous and exhibits stable semiconductor characteristics with no carrier generation effect (doping effect) even when a positive tetravalent metal element is added.
- a resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Yuka, Loresta) was used and measured by the four-probe method.
- the structure of the oxide was identified by analyzing the chart obtained by X-ray diffraction.
- the median 'rank method was used to determine the cumulative failure probability against bending strength and the Weibull plot in single mode, and the Weibull coefficient (m value) indicating the variation in failure probability.
- the Weibull coefficient was obtained by calculating a linear regression line.
- the specific surface area of each raw material after mixing and pulverization was increased by 2 m 2 / g from the specific surface area before pulverization, followed by drying with a spray dryer.
- the obtained mixed powder was filled in a mold and pressure-molded with a cold press to produce a molded body.
- the obtained molded body was sintered at a high temperature of 1400 ° C. for 4 hours in an oxygen atmosphere with oxygen flowing.
- a sintered body for IG ZO sputtering target (sputtering target) having a sintered body density of 6.06 g / cm 3 was obtained without performing a calcination step.
- X-ray diffraction confirmed that ZnGa 2 O and InGaZnO crystals were present in the sintered body. X-ray times
- Figure 1 shows the folding chart
- the Balta resistance of this sintered body was 4.2 m ⁇ cm.
- An indium oxide powder having a median diameter of 1 ⁇ 5,1 m, a gallium oxide powder having a median diameter of 2 ⁇ 0,1 m, and a zinc oxide powder having a median diameter of 1.0 m are substantially in O 2 by weight ratio:
- the average median diameter of each raw material after mixing and pulverization was set to 0.8 am, and then dried with a spray dryer.
- the obtained mixed powder was filled into a mold and pressure-molded with a cold press to produce a molded body.
- the obtained molded body was sintered for 4 hours at a high temperature of 1400 ° C in an oxygen atmosphere with oxygen flowing. Thereby, a sintered body for an IGZO sputtering target having a sintered body density of 6.14 g / cm 3 was obtained without performing a calcination step.
- a sintered body for an IGZO sputtering target having a sintered body density of 6.14 g / cm 3 was obtained without performing a calcination step.
- ZnGaO X-ray diffraction
- the Balta resistance of this sintered body was 3.8 m ⁇ cm.
- An indium oxide powder having a median diameter of 1 ⁇ 5,1 m, a gallium oxide powder having a median diameter of 2 ⁇ 0,1 m, and a zinc oxide powder having a median diameter of 1.0 m are substantially in O 2 by weight ratio:
- the obtained molded body was sintered at a high temperature of 1400 ° C. for 4 hours in an oxygen atmosphere with oxygen flowing. Thereby, a sintered body for an IG ZO sputtering target having a sintered body density of 6.02 g / cm 3 was obtained without performing a calcination step.
- ZnGa In the sintered body by X-ray diffraction, ZnGa
- the Balta resistance of this sintered body was 4.9 m ⁇ cm.
- An indium oxide powder having a median diameter of 1 ⁇ 5,1 m, a gallium oxide powder having a median diameter of 2 ⁇ 0,1 m, and a zinc oxide powder having a median diameter of 1.0 m are substantially in O 2 by weight ratio:
- the obtained molded body was sintered for 4 hours at a temperature of 1200 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere with oxygen flowing.
- a sintered body for an IGZO sputtering target having a sintered body density of 5.85 g / cm 3 was obtained.
- Fig. 4 shows the X-ray diffraction chart.
- the Balta resistance of this sintered body was 450 m ⁇ cm.
- Example 4 precision polishing by polishing
- Example 5 surface grinding in the longitudinal direction
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the surface roughness Ra of the target of Example 4 was 0.5 111
- the surface roughness Ra of the target of Example 5 was 1. At 8 m.
- the sintered body for the IGZO sputtering target produced in Comparative Example 1 was precisely polished (planar polishing IJ in the longitudinal direction) to produce a sputtering target.
- the surface of the target was analyzed by observing the secondary electron image of the manufactured sputtering target with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, the average particle size of the ZnGaO crystal in the target was 14 m.
- Ra was 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness after surface grinding usually corresponds to the crystal grain size. If the particle size is not uniform, Ra becomes larger and the bending strength decreases accordingly.
- the crystal grain size of the sputtering target of the present invention is fine and the surface roughness is small.
- Example 4 The target of Example 4 (4 inches ⁇ , 5 mm thick) was bonded to a backing plate and mounted on a DC sputter deposition apparatus. 0. Continuous sputter was performed at 100W for 100 hours under a 3Pa Ar atmosphere, and nodules generated on the surface were measured. As a result, no nodules were observed on the surface.
- Comparative Example 2 (4 inches ⁇ , 5 mm thick) was bonded to a backing plate and mounted on a DC sputter deposition system. 0. Continuous sputter was performed at 100W for 100 hours under a 3Pa Ar atmosphere, and nodules generated on the surface were measured. As a result, nodules were found on almost half of the target surface.
- Example 2 As in Example 1, except that tin oxide, zirconium oxide, germanium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, molybdenum oxide, or tungsten oxide (a metal element oxide of positive tetravalent or higher) was added to the starting material. A sintered body was manufactured, and the bulk resistance of the sintered body was measured. Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the added amount of positive tetravalent metal elements and the Balta resistance of the sintered body.
- Fig. 6 shows the diffraction chart.
- the Balta resistance is reduced by the addition of metal elements with a positive tetravalent or higher value.
- SnO is added as a positive tetravalent metal element, and S is added to all metal elements.
- the n element content [Sn / (In + Ga + Zn + Sn): weight ratio] was added so as to be 600 ppm.
- the mixed powder of the raw material was mixed and pulverized by a wet medium stirring mill.
- the medium used was lmm ⁇ zirco your beads.
- the specific surface area after pulverization was increased by 2 m 2 / g from the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder, and then dried with a spray dryer.
- the mixed powder after pulverization was filled in a mold and pressure-molded with a cold press. Further, sintering was performed at 1550 ° C for 8 hours in an oxygen atmosphere while oxygen was circulated. As a result, a sintered body for an IGZO sputtering target having a sintered body density of 6.12 g / cm 3 was obtained without performing a calcination step.
- the density of the sintered body was calculated from the weight and outer dimensions of the sintered body cut into a certain size.
- Fig. 7 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the sintered body.
- InGaZnO is the main component.
- a sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that a metal oxide (tin oxide) containing a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher value was not added.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of tin element added and the Balta resistance of the sintered body.
- the amount of added calories of acid tin powder was 500 ppm, 800 ppm, and lOOOppm, and Comparative Example 4 (the addition amount of tin element was Oppm)
- the resistance is illustrated.
- the Balta resistance of the sintered body can be reduced by adding a tin element, which is a positive tetravalent metal element.
- a sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that a predetermined amount of the oxide shown in Table 2 was used instead of tin oxide as the metal oxide containing a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher valence.
- Table 2 shows the bulk resistance of the sintered body.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of addition of a positive tetravalent or higher metal element and the Balta resistance of the sintered body with respect to the results of Example 915. As is clear from Fig. 9, the addition of a metal element having a positive tetravalent or higher value reduces the Balta resistance of the sintered body.
- the following oxide powder was used and weighed as a mixed powder as a raw material.
- the specific surface area was measured by the BET method.
- Zinc oxide powder 25% by weight, specific surface area 3m 2 / g
- the specific surface area of the whole mixed powder composed of (a) to (c) was 5.3 m 2 / g.
- the above mixed powder was mixed and ground using a wet medium stirring mill.
- As the grinding media 1 mm ⁇ zircoyu beads were used.
- the specific surface area was increased by 2 m 2 / g from the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder.
- the mixed powder obtained by drying with a spray dryer was filled in a mold (150 mm ⁇ 20 mm thick) and pressure-molded with a cold press.
- the sintered body was manufactured by sintering for 40 hours at 1400 ° C in an oxygen atmosphere while circulating oxygen.
- the density of the produced sintered body was calculated from the weight and outer dimensions of the sintered body cut into a certain size, and found to be 6.15 g / cm 3 . As described above, a sintered body for an IGZO sputtering target having a high density of the sintered body without performing the calcination step could be obtained.
- Balta resistance of this sintered body was measured by a four-probe method using a resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Oil Chemical Co., Ltd., Loresta) and found to be 4.2 m ⁇ cm.
- the following oxide powder was used and weighed as a mixed powder as a raw material.
- the median diameter was measured with a particle size distribution meter.
- the average median diameter of the mixed powder composed of (a ′) to (c ′) was 1 ⁇ 6111 m.
- the above mixed powder was mixed and ground using a wet medium stirring mill in the same manner as in Example 16. During the grinding process, the median diameter was set to 0.9 m while checking the median diameter of the mixed powder. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 16, the mixed powder was molded, a sintered body was produced, and evaluated. As a result, the density of the sintered body was 6.05 g / cm 3 , and a sintered body for an IGZO sputtering target with a high density of the sintered body without performing the calcination step could be obtained.
- the Balta resistance of the sintered body was 3.8 m ⁇ cm.
- the following oxide powder was used and weighed as a mixed powder as a raw material.
- the specific surface area of the whole mixed powder composed of (a) to (c) was 6 m 2 / g.
- the above mixed powder was mixed and pulverized using a wet medium stirring mill in the same manner as in Example 16. During the pulverization process, while confirming the specific surface area of the mixed powder, the specific surface area was increased by 1.4 m 2 / g from the specific surface area of the raw material mixed powder.
- Example 16 Thereafter, a mixed powder was formed, a sintered body was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the sintering conditions were 1400 ° C. in the atmosphere for 40 hours.
- the density of the sintered body was 5.76 g / cm 3 , and only a low density sintered body was obtained.
- the Balta resistance of the sintered body was 140 m ⁇ cm.
- the following oxide powder was used and weighed as a mixed powder as a raw material.
- the average median diameter of the mixed powders (a ′) to (c ′) was 2.4 ⁇ m.
- Example 16 The above mixed powder was mixed and ground in the same manner as in Example 16 using a wet medium stirring mill. During the grinding process, the median diameter was adjusted to 2.1 ⁇ m while checking the median diameter of the mixed powder. Thereafter, the mixed powder was molded, a sintered body was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the sintering condition was 1400 ° C. in the atmosphere for 10 hours.
- the density of the sintered body was 5.85 g / cm 3 , and only a low density sintered body was obtained. Further, since there was no reduction process, the Balta resistance of the sintered body was 160 m ⁇ cm.
- crystallization considered to be a gallium oxide existed in the sintered compact.
- Comparative Example 5 a calcining step was performed. Specifically, the same mixed powder as in Comparative Example 5 was calcined at 1,200 ° C. for 10 hours. The specific surface area of the calcined powder was 2 m 2 / g.
- the calcined powder was pulverized with a wet medium stirring mill, and the specific surface area was increased by 2 m 2 / g from the specific surface area of the calcined powder. Thereafter, drying and pressure molding were carried out in the same manner as in Example 16. Thereafter, the sintered body was produced by sintering at 1450 ° C. for 4 hours in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the density of the sintered body was 5.83 g / cm 3 . Although the density could be increased as compared with Comparative Example 5, it was inferior to the results of Examples 16 and 17 in which the calcination step was not performed. In addition, the productivity of the sintered body is impaired by the amount including the calcination step.
- This sintered body was subjected to reduction treatment at 500 ° C. under a nitrogen stream for 5 hours. As a result, the Balta resistance of the sintered body was 23 m ⁇ cm.
- the same mixed powder as in Comparative Example 6 was calcined at 1200 ° C for 10 hours.
- the specific surface area of the calcined powder was 2 m 2 / g.
- the calcined powder was pulverized with a wet medium stirring mill, and the specific surface area was increased by 2 m 2 / g from the specific surface area of the calcined powder. Thereafter, drying and pressure molding were carried out in the same manner as in Example 16. Thereafter, sintering was performed in an oxygen atmosphere at 1450 ° C. for 40 hours to produce a sintered body.
- the density of the sintered body was 5.94 g / cm 3 . Compared with Comparative Example 6, although the density could be increased, it was inferior to the results of Examples 16 and 17 in which the calcination step was not performed. In addition, the productivity of the sintered body is impaired by the amount including the calcination step.
- This sintered body was subjected to reduction treatment at 500 ° C. under a nitrogen stream for 5 hours. As a result, the Balta resistance of the sintered body was 23 m ⁇ cm.
- the target of the present invention is a transparent conductive film for various uses such as a transparent conductive film for liquid crystal display devices (LCD), a transparent conductive film for electoluminescence (EL) display elements, a transparent conductive film for solar cells, Suitable as a target for obtaining an oxide semiconductor film by a sputtering method is there.
- a transparent conductive film for liquid crystal display devices LCD
- EL electoluminescence
- a transparent conductive film for solar cells Suitable as a target for obtaining an oxide semiconductor film by a sputtering method is there.
- an electrode of an organic EL element, a transparent conductive film for transflective / semi-reflective LCD, an oxide semiconductor film for driving a liquid crystal, and an oxide semiconductor film for driving an organic EL element can be obtained.
- it is suitable as a raw material for an oxide semiconductor film such as a switching element and a drive circuit element in a liquid crystal display device, a thin film electoluminescence display device, an electrophoretic display
- the method for producing a sputtering target of the present invention is an excellent production method capable of improving the productivity of the target because the calcination step and the reduction step are likely.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (7)
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US12/518,988 US8784700B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-11-30 | Sputtering target and oxide semiconductor film |
EP07832831.7A EP2096188B1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-11-30 | Sputtering target |
KR1020137025207A KR101420992B1 (ko) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-11-30 | 스퍼터링 타겟 |
KR1020097012157A KR101699968B1 (ko) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-11-30 | 스퍼터링 타겟 및 산화물 반도체막 |
CN200780045870.9A CN101558184B (zh) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-11-30 | 溅射靶及氧化物半导体膜 |
US14/018,606 US20140001040A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2013-09-05 | Sputtering target and oxide semiconductor film |
US14/333,589 US20140339073A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2014-07-17 | Sputtering Target and Oxide Semiconductor Film |
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JP2006335817A JP5143410B2 (ja) | 2006-12-13 | 2006-12-13 | スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
JP2007000417A JP5237557B2 (ja) | 2007-01-05 | 2007-01-05 | スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 |
JP2007000418A JP5237558B2 (ja) | 2007-01-05 | 2007-01-05 | スパッタリングターゲット及び酸化物半導体膜 |
JP2007-000418 | 2007-01-05 | ||
JP2007-000417 | 2007-01-05 | ||
JP2007-054185 | 2007-03-05 | ||
JP2007054185A JP5244327B2 (ja) | 2007-03-05 | 2007-03-05 | スパッタリングターゲット |
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US14/018,606 Continuation US20140001040A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2013-09-05 | Sputtering target and oxide semiconductor film |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2096188A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2669402A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
TW200833852A (en) | 2008-08-16 |
US20140001040A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
EP2096188A4 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
KR20130113536A (ko) | 2013-10-15 |
EP2471972A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
TWI427165B (zh) | 2014-02-21 |
CN102212787B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US20140339073A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
KR101699968B1 (ko) | 2017-01-26 |
EP2096188B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
CN103320755A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
KR101420992B1 (ko) | 2014-07-17 |
TW201402844A (zh) | 2014-01-16 |
TWI465595B (zh) | 2014-12-21 |
EP2471972B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
US20100108502A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
KR20090091755A (ko) | 2009-08-28 |
CN102212787A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
US8784700B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
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