WO2006112403A1 - 希土類焼結磁石とその製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類焼結磁石とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006112403A1 WO2006112403A1 PCT/JP2006/307956 JP2006307956W WO2006112403A1 WO 2006112403 A1 WO2006112403 A1 WO 2006112403A1 JP 2006307956 W JP2006307956 W JP 2006307956W WO 2006112403 A1 WO2006112403 A1 WO 2006112403A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/18—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates by cathode sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/20—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates by evaporation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to R—Fe having R Fe B-type compound crystal grains (R is a rare earth element) as a main phase.
- B-based rare earth sintered magnets and production methods thereof in particular, light rare earth elements RL (at least one of Nd and Pr) are contained as the main rare earth elements R, and a part of the light rare earth elements RL is heavy rare earth elements. It relates to R—Fe—B rare earth sintered magnets that are substituted by the element RH (group force of at least one selected from Dy, Ho, and Tb forces).
- R-Fe-B rare earth sintered magnets with Nd Fe B-type compounds as the main phase are permanent magnets.
- VCM voice coil motors
- motors for hard disk drives
- motors for hybrid vehicles motors for hybrid vehicles
- home appliances When R-Fe-B rare earth sintered magnets are used in various devices such as motors, they are required to have excellent heat resistance and high coercive force characteristics in order to cope with the use environment at high temperatures.
- the moment of moment is in the same direction as the magnetic moment of Fe, whereas the magnetic moment of heavy rare earth element RH is opposite to the magnetic moment of Fe, so light rare earth element RL is replaced with heavy rare earth element RH. As a result, the residual magnetic flux density Br decreases.
- heavy rare earth element RH is a scarce resource, and therefore it is desired to reduce its usage. For these reasons, the method of replacing the entire light rare earth element RL with heavy rare earth element RH is not preferable.
- Patent Document 1 Ti, W, Pt, Au , Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Al, Ta, 1. 0 atomic% to 50 at least one of Ag. 0 atoms 0/0 containing And forming an alloy thin film layer made of the balance (at least one of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Dy, Ho, and Tb) on the surface to be ground of the sintered magnet body.
- Patent Document 2 the depth corresponding to the radius of the crystal grains exposed on the outermost surface of the small magnet is larger than the metal element R (this R is also selected from Y and Nd, Dy, Pr, Ho, and Tb forces) (BH) ma X is disclosed by diffusing rare earth elements (one or more of the rare earth elements) and thereby modifying the work-affected damages.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-192566
- Patent Document 2 JP 2004-304038 A Disclosure of the invention
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are intended to recover the surface of a sintered magnet that has been deteriorated by processing due to V and misalignment.
- the diffusion range is limited to the vicinity of the surface of the magnet. For this reason, a magnet with a thickness of 3 mm or more has little effect of improving the coercive force.
- rare earth sintered magnets with a thickness of 3 mm or 5 mm or more are required.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to efficiently utilize a small amount of heavy rare earth element RH, and even if the magnet is relatively thick,
- the aim is to provide an R—Fe—B rare earth sintered magnet in which heavy rare earth elements RH are diffused into the outer shell of the main phase grains.
- the rare earth sintered magnet of the present invention includes an R—Fe—B rare earth sintered magnet body and a heavy rare earth metal RH (where RH is one or two rare earth elements for which Dy, Ho, and Tb forces are also selected). ) And metal M (wherein M is one or more metal elements selected from Al, Cu, Co, Fe, and Ag group forces). And an RHM alloy layer formed on the surface of the magnet body.
- the R—Fe—B rare earth sintered magnet body has a thickness of 10 mm or less.
- the RHM alloy layer is at least a group force consisting of DyAl, DyCu, DyCo, DyFe, Dy AgyTbAl, TbCu ⁇ TbCo, TbFe, TbAg, DyAlCu, DyFeAl, DyFeAg ⁇ , and TbAlCu. Contains one alloy.
- the method for producing a rare earth sintered magnet according to the present invention comprises the steps of preparing an R—Fe—B based sintered magnet body, and RH (provided that the surface of the R—Fe—B based sintered magnet body is RH is one or more rare earth elements selected from Dy, Ho and Tb) and metal M (where M is Al, Cu, Co, A step of forming an RHM alloy layer containing one or more metal elements selected from Fe and Ag, and a step of performing a heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1000 ° C.
- the step of forming the RHM alloy layer includes a vapor deposition method, a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a vapor deposition thin film formation (IND) method, and a plasma vapor deposition thin film type.
- a vapor deposition method a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a vapor deposition thin film formation (IND) method, and a plasma vapor deposition thin film type.
- the step of forming the RHM alloy layer includes: DyAl, DyCu
- the step of forming the RHM alloy layer and the step of performing heat treatment are repeated a plurality of times.
- the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet body before forming the RHM alloy layer, is heated so that the temperature of the R-Fe-B-based sintered magnet body is 500 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower. A step of heating the magnetized body.
- the R—Fe—B based sintered magnet has a thickness of 10 mm or less.
- the grain boundary diffusion of heavy rare earth element RH is metal M (where M is Al, Cu Mainly by supplying heavy rare earth element RH to a deep position inside the sintered magnet body by utilizing the phenomenon that it is promoted by one or more metal elements selected from Co, Fe, Ag)
- Light rare earth elements RL can be efficiently replaced with heavy rare earth elements RH in the phase shell.
- the coercive force HcJ can be increased while suppressing the decrease in the residual magnetic flux density Br.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section of an R—Fe—B rare earth sintered magnet having an RHM layer formed on its surface, and (b) is a comparison.
- (c) is a diagram after the diffusion process is performed on the magnet of (a). Sectional drawing which shows the structure
- FIG. 2 (a) shows the coercive force obtained when a sample with a Dy layer formed on the surface of a sintered magnet and a sample with no Dy layer are heat-treated at 900 ° C for 30 minutes. (B) is a graph showing the relationship between HcJ and magnet thickness t, and (b) shows the residual magnetic flux density Br and magnet thickness t obtained when a similar sample is heat-treated at 900 ° C for 30 minutes. It is a graph which shows the relationship.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vapor deposition apparatus that can be suitably used in the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing demagnetization curves of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing demagnetization curves of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing demagnetization curves of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3.
- RH is one or more of the rare earth elements selected from the group force of Dy, Ho, and Tb
- metal M where M Is coated with an RHM alloy layer containing Al, Cu, Co, Fe, or Ag selected from one or more metal elements.
- Fig. 1 (a) schematically shows a cross section of an R-Fe-B rare earth sintered magnet body having an RHM alloy layer composed of metal element M and heavy rare earth element RH on the surface.
- Fig. 1 (b) schematically shows a cross section of an R-Fe-B rare earth sintered magnet (conventional example) with only the RH layer formed on the surface for comparison!
- the sintered magnet body having the RHM alloy layer formed on the surface is heated.
- the metal element M having a relatively low melting point contained in the RHM alloy layer first diffuses into the sintered body, and then the heavy rare earth element RH diffuses into the sintered body through the grain boundaries. Since the melting point of the grain boundary phase (R-rich grain boundary phase) is lowered by the metal element M, it is considered that the grain boundary diffusion of the heavy rare earth element RH is promoted. As a result, it is possible to efficiently diffuse the heavy rare earth element RH into the sintered body even at a lower temperature.
- Fig. 1 (c) schematically shows the internal structure of the magnet after the diffusion process has been performed on the magnet of Fig. 1 (a), and Fig. 1 (d) shows Fig. 1 (d).
- the structure inside the magnet after the diffusion process is performed on the magnet of b) is schematically shown.
- Fig. 1 (c) schematically shows how the heavy rare earth element RH diffuses in the grain boundary phase and enters the outer shell of the main phase from the grain boundary phase.
- FIG. 1 (d) the heavy rare earth element RH supplied from the surface cover is diffused inside the magnet!
- the heavy rare earth element RH diffuses into the main phase located in the vicinity of the surface of the magnet sintered body. Heavy rare earth element RH diffuses and penetrates into the magnet at a faster rate.
- volume diffusion When the heavy rare earth element RH diffuses inside the main phase is called “volume diffusion”, the presence of the metal element M preferentially causes grain boundary diffusion over “volume diffusion”. As a result, the function of suppressing “volume diffusion” is exhibited.
- concentrations of metal element M and heavy rare earth element RH at the grain boundaries are higher than those in the main phase grains.
- the heavy rare earth element RH diffuses easily from the magnet surface to a depth of 0.5 mm or more.
- the temperature of the heat treatment for diffusing the metal element M is preferably set to a value not lower than the melting point of the metal M and lower than 1000 ° C.
- a layer (thickness is several nm, for example) with a relatively concentrated rare earth element RH can be formed.
- the coercive force generation mechanism of R-Fe-B rare earth sintered magnets is the -creational type. Therefore, when the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the main phase outer shell is increased, nucleation of reverse magnetic domains is suppressed in the vicinity of the grain boundary phase in the main phase, and as a result, the coercivity HcJ of the entire main phase is effectively improved. To do.
- the heavy rare earth substitution layer can be formed in the outer shell of the main phase even in a region deep from the surface of the magnet, which is not only in the region close to the surface of the magnet sintered body, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy extends over the entire magnet. As a result, the coercive force HcJ of the entire magnet is sufficiently improved. Therefore, according to the present invention, even if the amount of heavy rare earth element RH to be consumed is small, the heavy rare earth element RH can be diffused and penetrated into the sintered body, and RH Fe B can be efficiently produced in the outer shell portion of the main phase. By suppressing the decrease in residual magnetic flux density Br
- the coercive force HcJ can be improved.
- Tb is preferred over Dy as the heavy rare earth element RH to be replaced with the light rare earth element RL.
- the heavy rare earth element RH in the raw material alloy stage it is not necessary to add the heavy rare earth element RH in the raw material alloy stage. That is, a known R—Fe—B rare earth sintered magnet containing a light rare earth element RL (at least one of Nd and Pr) as a rare earth element R is prepared. It diffuses inside the magnet. In the case where only the conventional heavy rare earth layer is formed on the magnet surface, even if the diffusion temperature is increased, it is difficult to diffuse the heavy rare earth element deep inside the magnet. Since the metal element M in the metal can promote the diffusion of RH by lowering the melting point of the grain boundary phase, it is possible to efficiently supply heavy rare earth elements to the outer shell of the main phase located inside the magnet. Is possible.
- the weight ratio of M to RH (MZRH) in the RHM layer formed on the surface of the magnet sintered body is preferably set in the range of 1Z100 or more and 5Z1 or less.
- This weight ratio (MZRH) is more preferably set in the range of 1Z20 or more and 2Z1 or less.
- the weight of RH formed on the surface of the magnet sintered body in other words, the total weight of the heavy rare earth element RH contained in the magnet is 0.1% or more and 1% or less of the total weight of the magnet. It is preferable to adjust the range. If the weight of RH is less than 0.1% of the magnet weight, the rare earth element RH required for diffusion is insufficient, so if the magnet is thick, all the main phase outer shells contained in the magnet The element RH cannot be diffused. On the other hand, if the weight of RH exceeds 1% of the magnet weight, it will be excessive, exceeding the amount required for RH concentrated layer formation in the outer shell of the main phase. Further, if the heavy rare earth element RH is supplied excessively, the residual magnetic flux density Br may be reduced due to RH diffusion inside the main phase.
- both a residual magnetic flux density Br and a coercive force HcJ are increased by using a slight amount of a heavy rare earth element RH.
- RH a heavy rare earth element
- Such high-performance magnets greatly contribute to the realization of ultra-small 'high-output motors'.
- the effect of the present invention using the grain boundary diffusion is particularly prominent in a magnet having a thickness of 10 mm or less.
- the atmosphere in which the RHM alloy is diffused and permeated from the magnet surface by heating is as high as the purity of high-purity argon gas that is usually available, the gas derived from the atmosphere (oxygen, water vapor) , Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.), at least part of the RHM alloy may be changed to oxide, carbide, or nitride, and may not penetrate the magnet surface efficiently. Accordingly, in each process of diffusion, 10- 7 Torr or less and oxygen, air from gases such as water vapor is desirably carried out in the following clean atmosphere tens ppm. More preferably, the concentration of the air-derived impurity gas contained in the atmosphere during the thermal diffusion of the RH alloy is about 50 ppm or less, preferably about 10 ppm or less.
- the RHM alloy when the RHM alloy is deposited in a state where one or a plurality of rare earth sintered magnet bodies are rotatably held by a wire rod or a plate material, a wide range (preferably the entire area) on the surface of the magnet body is reduced. It can be coated with an alloy layer.
- a method may be adopted in which a plurality of rare earth sintered magnets are loaded into a wire mesh cage and held so as to be able to roll freely. By using a rotatable barrel-shaped jig, it becomes easy to form RHM alloys on irregularly shaped magnets such as bows and sectors.
- the diffusion step is performed by removing the sintered magnet body from the vapor deposition apparatus.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a heat treatment furnace, or the heat treatment may be performed during the deposition in a vapor deposition apparatus.
- the heat treatment in the vapor deposition apparatus may be performed using a heater, or the sintered magnet body during film formation may be raised to a temperature of about 800 ° C. by performing surface sputtering. It is also possible to heat the sintered magnet body to 500 ° C. to 1000 ° C. before vapor deposition and diffuse the HM alloy being vapor deposited inside the magnet body using the heat.
- a vapor deposition apparatus suitable for carrying out the production method of the present invention is shown (Fig. 1).
- vapor deposition by electron beam heating EB vapor deposition
- RHM alloys such as DyAl, DyCu, DyCo, DyFe, DyAg, TbAl, TbCu, TbCo, TbFe, TbAg, DyAlCu, DyFeAl, DyFeAg, and TbAlCu for vapor deposition.
- the step of forming an RHM alloy layer having a thickness equal to or less than that and the subsequent diffusion step may be repeated a plurality of times.
- the composition ratio of metal M in the RHM alloy affects the melting point of the alloy. For this reason, the melting point can be lowered by adjusting the composition ratio of the metal M. Since the melting point of the RHM alloy is preferably adjusted to 1000 ° C or lower, it is desirable to set the composition ratio of metal M so that the melting point does not exceed 1000 ° C. If the melting point of the RHM alloy is high, the R-rich phase may melt in the rare earth magnet during the diffusion heat treatment, and the grain boundary diffusion may proceed inadequately.
- an alloy containing 25 to 40% by weight of light rare earth element RL, 0.6 to 1.6% by weight (boron), the balance Fe and inevitable impurities is prepared.
- a part of B may be substituted by C (carbon), and a part of Fe (50 atomic% or less) may be substituted by another transition metal element (for example, Co or Ni).
- This alloy can be used for various purposes, including Al, Si ⁇ Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni ⁇ Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, And at least one accessory selected from the group consisting of Bi Additive element M may be contained in an amount of about 0.01 to about L 0% by mass.
- the above alloy can be suitably produced by quenching a molten raw material alloy by, for example, a strip casting method.
- a strip casting method preparation of a rapidly solidified alloy by a strip casting method will be described.
- a raw material alloy having the above composition is melted by high-frequency melting in an argon atmosphere to form a molten raw material alloy.
- the molten metal is kept at about 1350 ° C. and then rapidly cooled by a single roll method to obtain, for example, a flake-shaped alloy ingot having a thickness of about 0.3 mm.
- the alloy flakes thus prepared are pulverized into, for example, a flake having a size of 1 to LOmm before the next hydrogen pulverization.
- a method for producing a raw material alloy by strip casting is disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,383,978.
- the alloy flakes roughly crushed into flakes are inserted into the hydrogen furnace.
- a hydrogen embrittlement process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “hydrogen crushing process”) is performed inside the hydrogen furnace.
- the take-out operation in an inert atmosphere so that the coarsely pulverized powder does not come into contact with the atmosphere. This is because the coarsely pulverized powder is prevented from oxidizing and generating heat, and the magnetic properties of the magnet are improved.
- the rare earth alloy is pulverized to a size of about 0.1 mm to several mm, and the average particle size becomes 500 / z m or less.
- the cooling time may be relatively long.
- the coarsely pulverized powder is finely pulverized using a jet mill pulverizer.
- a cyclone classifier is connected to the jet mill crusher used in the present embodiment.
- the jet mill crusher receives a supply of the rare earth alloy (coarse pulverized powder) coarsely pulverized in the coarse pulverization process, and pulverizes it in the pulverizer.
- the powder pulverized in the pulverizer is collected in a collection tank through a cyclone classifier.
- a fine powder of about 0.1 to 20 m typically 3 to 5 / ⁇ ⁇
- the pulverizing apparatus used for such fine pulverization is not limited to a jet mill, and may be an attritor or a ball mill. When grinding, moisturize such as zinc stearate Use lubricants as grinding aids.
- a lubricant for example, 0.3% by mass of a lubricant is added to and mixed with the magnetic powder produced by the above method in a rocking mixer, and the surface of the alloy powder particles is coated with the lubricant.
- the magnetic powder produced by the above-described method is molded in an orientation magnetic field using a known press machine.
- the strength of the applied magnetic field is, for example, 1.5 to 1.7 Tesla (T).
- the molding pressure is set so that the green density of the compact is, for example, about 4 to 4.5 gZcm 3 .
- a temperature higher than the above holding temperature for example, 1000 to 1200 ° C.
- the step of further proceeding with the linking is preferable to sequentially perform.
- the step of further proceeding with the linking particularly when a liquid phase is formed (when the temperature is in the range of 650 to 1000 ° C)
- the R-rich phase in the grain boundary phase begins to melt and a liquid phase is formed.
- sintering proceeds and a sintered magnet is formed.
- an aging treatment 500 to 1000 ° C is performed as necessary.
- the composition ratio that realizes the weight ratio described above It is preferable to form an alloy layer.
- the method for forming the metal layer is not particularly limited.
- the vacuum deposition method the sputtering method, the ion plating method, the deposited thin film formation (IND) method, the plasma deposited thin film type (EVD) method, and the dating method.
- Such thin film deposition techniques can be used.
- Figure 2 shows the residual magnetic flux density Br and coercivity when only the Dy layer (thickness 2.5 ⁇ m) is formed on the sintered magnet surface by sputtering and heat-treated at 900 ° C for 30 minutes.
- 6 is a graph showing the dependence of HcJ on magnet thickness. As can be seen from Fig. 2, when the magnet thickness is small (less than 3 mm), the coercive force HcJ is sufficiently improved, but as the magnet thickness increases, the effect of improving the coercive force HcJ is lost. It has been broken. This is because the diffusion distance of Dy is short, so the thicker the sintered magnet, the more the substitution by Dy is realized, and the existence ratio of the region increases! /.
- At least one metal element M selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Co, Fe, and Ag is used, and grain boundary diffusion of heavy rare earth element RH is achieved.
- metal element M selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Co, Fe, and Ag
- the cubic magnet block material was cut with a grindstone to produce an Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet 10 mm long, 10 mm wide and 5 mm thick.
- the sample in this state was used as a comparative sample (1). Thickness 5mm, volume 500mm 3 , surface area 400mm 2 , surface area Z volume ratio is 0.8mm (?
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 includes a cylindrical barrel 5 that is disposed in the vacuum processing chamber 1 and stores a rare earth magnet 7.
- the cylindrical barrel 5 is rotatably supported by a rotating shaft 6.
- a boat (deposition unit) 2 a boat support 4 that supports the boat 2, and a support table 3 on which the boat support 4 is placed are arranged.
- a molten deposit containing a metal element to be deposited on the surface of the rare earth magnet 7 is placed in the boat 2, and the molten deposit is evaporated by heating by energization to form an alloy layer on the surface of the rare earth magnet 7 in the barrel 5.
- the film forming operation by actual vapor deposition was performed according to the following procedure. After placing three Nd- Fe- B rare earth magnets with a predetermined shape inside the vacuum processing chamber 1, the vacuum chamber was evacuated until the total pressure in the vacuum chamber reached 1 X 10- & High purity Ar gas was introduced. Next, an RF output of 300W was applied and reverse sputtering was performed for 10 minutes to remove the oxide film on the magnet surface. Next, applying DC output 300W, heating and melting the DyAl alloy (Dysprosium aluminum alloy), and evaporating it, the 2m DyAl alloy coating on the Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet surface. Formed.
- DyAl alloy Dysprosium aluminum alloy
- the obtained film-forming magnet was returned to the atmospheric pressure in the apparatus, and then transferred to the glove box connected to the vapor deposition apparatus without touching the atmosphere, and the small vacuum electric furnace installed in the glove box. And heat-treated at 800-1000 ° C for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 4 shows excerpts of the demagnetization curves of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 that were not subjected to film formation.
- the Dy-70% by mass A1 alloy film formation and subsequent heat treatment showed that the sample of the present invention showed high coercive force, and had a coercive force of 30 compared with the Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet without film formation. Percentage improvement was observed.
- Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet A 10 mm long, 10 mm wide, 4 mm thick Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet is manufactured by cutting, and then the surface of this Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet is RH using the vapor deposition system shown in FIG. An M alloy film was formed. Tb—30 mass% Cu alloy (terbium copper alloy) was used as the molten deposit. [0069] The film forming operation by actual vapor deposition was performed according to the following procedure. Except that three Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnets that have been cut and processed in a predetermined shape are placed in the vacuum chamber of the vapor deposition device, and then the TbCu alloy (terbium copper alloy) metal is heated to melt and evaporate. In the same manner as in Example 1, a 2 / zm TbCu alloy (terbium copper alloy) film was formed on the surface of the Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet.
- FIG. 5 shows excerpts of the demagnetization curves of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 shown in Table 1 below.
- the Tb—30% by mass Cu alloy film formation and the subsequent heat treatment show that the sample of the present invention has a high coercive force, and the coercive force is 40% as compared with the Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet not subjected to the film formation process. It was recognized that it was improving.
- Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet with a length of 10 mm, width 10 mm, and thickness 6 mm is manufactured by cutting, and then the surface of this Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet is RH using the vapor deposition system shown in Fig. 3.
- An M alloy layer was formed.
- Dy—20% by mass Fe alloy (Disprosium iron alloy) was used.
- a film formation operation by actual vapor deposition was performed according to the following procedure. Except that three Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnets that have been cut and processed in a predetermined shape are placed in the vacuum chamber of the vapor deposition equipment, and then the DyFe alloy (Diesprosium iron alloy) is heated to melt and evaporate. In the same manner as in Example 1, a 2 m DyFe alloy (disprosium iron alloy) film was formed on the surface of the Nd—Fe—B rare earth magnet.
- FIG. 6 shows extracted demagnetization curves of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 shown in Table 1 below.
- the sample of the present invention By forming a Dy-20 mass% Fe alloy film and subsequent heat treatment, the sample of the present invention showed a high coercive force and a coercive force of 20 compared with an Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet that was not subjected to film formation. For% It was recognized that he was up.
- Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet with a length of 10 mm, width 10 mm, and thickness 3 mm is manufactured by cutting, and then the surface of this Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet is applied to the surface of the Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet using the sputtering equipment shown in Fig. 3. An alloy film was formed. Dy and A1 were used as molten deposits.
- the process of forming the alloy film is as follows.
- the obtained film-forming magnet was returned to the atmospheric pressure in the apparatus and then transferred to the glove box connected to the vapor deposition apparatus without touching the atmosphere, and the small vacuum electric furnace also installed in the glove box And heat-treated at 800-900 ° C for 120 minutes.
- Table 1 shows the results of the magnetic properties (residual magnetic flux density Br and coercive force HcJ) obtained by performing pulse magnetization of 3MAZm on these samples and then measuring the magnetic properties using a BH tracer.
- the alloy film was formed by simultaneous sputtering of Dy and A1, and the subsequent heat treatment.
- Dy grain boundary diffusion is promoted by forming an alloy layer containing a heavy rare earth element such as Dy and a low melting point metal such as A1 on the surface of the sintered magnet body and performing diffusion treatment. It was confirmed that As a result of this Dy grain boundary diffusion being promoted, Dy diffusion can proceed at a lower heat treatment temperature than before, and Dy can be penetrated deep into the interior of the magnet. As a result, the coercive force HcJ is improved without causing a decrease in the residual magnetic flux density Br due to A1. In this way, it is possible to efficiently improve the coercivity HcJ of the entire thick magnet while reducing the required amount of Dy.
- a film such as A1 or Ni may be formed outside the RHM layer.
- main phase crystal grains in which heavy rare earth element RH is efficiently concentrated in the main phase outer shell can be efficiently formed in the magnet sintered body.
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
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US11/911,369 US20090020193A1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-04-14 | Rare earth sintered magnet and process for producing the same |
EP06731892.3A EP1879201B1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-04-14 | Rare earth sintered magnet and process for producing the same |
CN200680000655.2A CN101006534B (zh) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-04-14 | 稀土类烧结磁铁及其制造方法 |
JP2007528122A JP4748163B2 (ja) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-04-14 | 希土類焼結磁石とその製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090020193A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
EP1879201A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
JPWO2006112403A1 (ja) | 2008-12-11 |
CN101006534A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
EP1879201B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP1879201A4 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
JP5158222B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
JP4748163B2 (ja) | 2011-08-17 |
CN101006534B (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
JP2011159983A (ja) | 2011-08-18 |
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