WO2006054397A1 - 下引き層形成用塗布液及び該塗布液を塗布してなる下引き層を有する電子写真感光体 - Google Patents
下引き層形成用塗布液及び該塗布液を塗布してなる下引き層を有する電子写真感光体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006054397A1 WO2006054397A1 PCT/JP2005/018308 JP2005018308W WO2006054397A1 WO 2006054397 A1 WO2006054397 A1 WO 2006054397A1 JP 2005018308 W JP2005018308 W JP 2005018308W WO 2006054397 A1 WO2006054397 A1 WO 2006054397A1
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- undercoat layer
- layer
- photosensitive member
- metal oxide
- coating solution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
- G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an undercoat layer-forming coating solution used when an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member is applied and dried, and an undercoat formed by applying a coating solution by the method.
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on the layer, an image forming apparatus using the photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic cartridge using the photosensitive member.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on an undercoat layer formed by applying and drying a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer comprising the production method of the present invention is used in electrophotographic printers, facsimiles, copying machines, and the like. It can be used suitably. Background art
- an organic photoreceptor is formed by forming a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, but a so-called dispersion type photoreceptor having a single-layer photosensitive layer in which a photoconductive material is dissolved or dispersed in a binder resin.
- a so-called multilayer photoconductor having a photosensitive layer composed of a plurality of layers formed by laminating a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting material,
- an organic photoreceptor In an organic photoreceptor, various defects may be seen in an image formed using the photoreceptor due to changes in the usage environment of the photoreceptor or changes in electrical characteristics due to repeated use.
- a method is known in which an undercoat layer having a binder resin and an acid-containing titanium particle is provided between a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a layer of an organic photoreceptor is usually formed by applying and drying a coating solution in which a material is dissolved or dispersed in various solvents because of its high productivity.
- the acid titanium particles and the binder resin are present in an incompatible state in the undercoat layer. It is formed by coating with a coating solution in which particles are dispersed.
- a coating liquid is obtained by wet-dispersing titanium oxide particles in an organic solvent for a long time with a known mechanical grinding device such as a ball mill, a sand grind mill, a planetary mill, or a roll mill. It was common to manufacture (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the charge exposure repeatability characteristics can be improved even under low temperature and low humidity conditions by using a dispersion medium made of titania or zirconia. It is disclosed that an excellent electrophotographic photosensitive member can be provided (for example, see Patent Document 2). However, while higher quality image formation is required, the conventional technology is still insufficient in terms of performance, such as image quality and stability of the coating liquid during production. However, it was very powerful.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-11 202519
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-273962
- the present invention has been made in view of the background of the electrophotographic technology described above, and is a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer having high stability, and forms an image with high image quality even under various use environments. Image defects such as black spots and color spots are difficult to develop, a high-performance electrophotographic photosensitive member, an image forming apparatus using the photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic cartridge using the photosensitive member.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the dispersion medium used for dispersing the titanium oxide particles in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is smaller than the particle diameter of a dispersion medium that is usually used.
- a dispersion medium having a small particle diameter it is possible to obtain a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer having excellent stability during use.
- An undercoat layer obtained by applying and drying the coating solution can be obtained.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member has good electrical characteristics even in different usage environments, and an image forming apparatus using the photosensitive member can form a high-quality image.
- the present inventors have found that image defects such as black spots and color spots that are thought to be generated due to dielectric breakdown or the like are extremely difficult to develop, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention has the following gist.
- a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less and a 90% cumulative particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing metal oxide particles and a binder resin is used to form a cylindrical stator, a slurry supply port provided at one end of the stator, and the stator.
- the slurry discharge port provided at the end, the medium filled in the stator and the rotor that stirs and mixes the slurry supplied from the supply port, is connected to the discharge port, and does it rotate integrally with the port?
- it is a wet stirring ball mill that uses an impeller-type separator as a separator that rotates independently of the rotor and separates into media and slurry by the action of centrifugal force and discharges the slurry from the discharge port. Then, the shaft center for rotating the separator is formed as a hollow discharge passage that communicates with the discharge port. Or processing, the separator
- a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising metal oxide particles dispersed using a wet-stirring ball mill characterized by comprising: and forming the undercoat layer Method for producing a coating liquid for use.
- a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing binder resin and metal oxide particles on a conductive support methanol and 1 propanol are used as the coating solution.
- the difference between the absorbance for light with a wavelength of 400 nm and the absorbance for light with a wavelength lOOOnm of a solution diluted with a solvent mixed at a weight ratio of 3 When the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is greater than or equal to 0 1. O (Abs) or less, and when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or less, it is 0.05 (Abs).
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an undercoat layer formed by coating the coating solution.
- a dispersion having an average particle diameter of 5 to 200 m is used as the metal oxide particles.
- a method for producing a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized by using metal oxide particles dispersed using a medium, and for forming an undercoat layer produced by the production method An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an undercoat layer formed by coating a coating solution.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an undercoat layer containing a binder resin and metal oxide particles on a conductive support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the layer, the undercoat layer
- the volume average particle diameter of the metal oxide aggregate secondary particles in a liquid in which methanol and 1 propanol are dispersed in a solvent mixed with 7: 3 by weight is less than 0.1 m and is cumulative.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by having a 90% particle size of 0.3 m or less.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an undercoat layer containing a binder resin and metal oxide particles on a conductive support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the layer, the undercoat layer Difference between absorbance of 40 Onm and light of wavelength lOOOnm in a solution in which methanol and 1-propanol are mixed at a weight ratio of 7: 3. Refraction of metal oxide particles When the refractive index is 2.0 or more, it is 0.3 (Abs) or less, and when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or less, it is 0.02 (Abs) or less.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor When the refractive index is 2.0 or more, it is 0.3 (Abs) or less, and when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or less, it is 0.02 (Abs) or less.
- the undercoat layer In-plane Root Mean Square Roughness (RMS) value measured by a surface roughness measurement device that detects the surface using an optical interference microscope in combination with a high-accuracy phase shift detection method and interference fringe order counting.
- RMS In-plane Root Mean Square Roughness
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an undercoat layer having a film thickness of 6 ⁇ m or less containing a thermoplastic resin and metal oxide particles on a conductive support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the layer.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor wherein a weight ratio of the metal oxide particles to the thermoplastic resin is 2 or more and an insulation breakdown voltage is 4 kV or more.
- metal oxide particles When the refractive index of the undercoat layer is 2.0 or more, the light of the undercoat layer having a wavelength of 480 nm is converted to the case where the undercoat layer is 2 m and the regular reflection of the conductive support with respect to the light of the wavelength of 480 nm.
- the conductive support is converted into the case where the undercoat layer is 2 m.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor wherein a ratio of specular reflection of light of a wavelength of 400 nm of the undercoat layer to specular reflection of light of a wavelength of 400 nm is 50% or more.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention, a charging unit for charging the photosensitive member, an image exposure unit for performing image exposure on the charged photosensitive member, and forming an electrostatic latent image.
- An image forming apparatus comprising: a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image with a toner; and a transfer unit that transfers toner to a transfer target; and the charging unit arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member An image forming apparatus.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention, a charging unit for charging the photosensitive member, an image exposure unit for performing image exposure on the charged photosensitive member, and forming an electrostatic latent image.
- An image forming apparatus comprising: a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image with a toner; and a transfer unit that transfers toner to a transfer target, wherein the wavelength of light used for the image exposing unit is 350 ⁇ m to 600 nm.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention a charging unit for charging the photosensitive member, an image exposure unit for performing image exposure on the charged photosensitive member, and forming an electrostatic latent image.
- An electrophotographic cartridge having at least one of a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image with a toner and a transfer unit that transfers toner to a transfer target, and the charging unit include: An electrophotographic cartridge is provided in contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is in a stable state, and can be stored and used for a long period of time without gelation or precipitation of dispersed titanium oxide particles.
- changes in physical properties such as viscosity during use of the coating solution are reduced, and each of the manufactured liquids is formed when a photosensitive layer is formed by continuously coating and drying on a support.
- the film thickness of the photosensitive layer becomes uniform.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an undercoat layer formed using a coating solution produced by the method of the present invention has stable electrical characteristics even at low temperature and low humidity, and is excellent in electrical characteristics.
- the image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention it is possible to form a very good image with extremely few image defects such as black spots and color spots, and particularly in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- a good image with very few image defects such as black spots and color spots can be formed on an image forming apparatus charged by the charging means.
- the wavelength of light used for image exposure means is 350 ⁇ ! According to the image forming apparatus of ⁇ 600 nm, since the initial charging potential and sensitivity are high, a high quality image can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a main configuration of an embodiment of an image forming apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum pattern for CuKa characteristic X-rays of oxytitanium phthalocyanine used as a charge generating material in the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples 10 to 24.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wet stirring ball mill according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a method for producing the coating solution, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an undercoat layer formed by coating and forming the coating solution, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- the present invention relates to an image forming apparatus using a body and an electrophotographic cartridge using the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention has an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer on a conductive support.
- the undercoat layer according to the present invention is provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, improves adhesion between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, conceals dirt and scratches on the conductive support, Prevention of carrier injection due to inhomogeneity of impurities and surface properties, improvement of electrical property non-uniformity, prevention of surface potential drop due to repeated use, prevention of local surface potential fluctuations that cause image quality defects, etc. It is a layer that has a function and is not essential for the development of photoelectric characteristics.
- the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the present invention is used for forming the undercoat layer, has a volume average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less, and a cumulative 90% particle size of 0.3. Contains metal oxide aggregate secondary particles that are ⁇ m or less.
- the primary particles of the metal oxide particles are aggregated into aggregate secondary particles.
- the volume average particle diameter and cumulative 90% particle diameter of the metal oxide particles defined in the present invention are values relating to the secondary particles of the aggregate, and the cumulative curve was obtained with the total volume of the particles being 100%.
- the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative curve is 50% is the volume average particle diameter (center diameter: Median diameter), and the cumulative curve is 90%
- the particle diameter at the point is the cumulative 90% particle diameter.
- These values can be measured by a known method such as a weight sedimentation method or a light transmission type particle size distribution measurement method. As an example, it can be measured by a particle size analyzer (trade name: Nikkiso Co., Ltd .: Microtrac UPA U150 (MODEL 9340)).
- the light transmittance of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention can be measured by a generally known absorption spectrophotometer. Since conditions such as cell size and sample concentration when measuring light transmittance vary depending on physical properties such as the particle diameter and refractive index of the metal oxide particles used, they are usually in the wavelength region to be measured (the present invention). , Adjust the sample concentration appropriately so that the measurement limit of the detector is not exceeded (400 ⁇ ! ⁇ LOOOnm). In the present invention, the sample concentration is adjusted so that the amount of the metal oxide particles in the liquid is 0.0075 wt% to 0.012 wt%.
- the solvent used to prepare the sample concentration is normally compatible with the solvent used in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer and the binder resin. When mixed, turbidity does not occur and 400 ⁇ ! ⁇ Any material that does not absorb large light in the wavelength range of lOOOnm can be used. More specifically, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1 propanol, and 2-propanol, hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and tetrahydrofuran, and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isoptyl ketone are used.
- the cell size (optical path length) for measurement is 10 mm.
- Any cell can be used as long as it is substantially transparent in the range of 400 nm to 1000 nm. However, it is particularly preferable to use a quartz cell. It is preferable to use a matched cell in which the difference in transmittance characteristics between the sample cell and the standard cell is within a specific range.
- any metal oxide particles that can be generally used for an electrophotographic photoreceptor can be used. More specifically, as metal oxide particles, titanium oxide, acid aluminum, silicon oxide, acid zirconium, zinc oxide, iron oxide, etc. Group power of at least one selected metal element Containing metal elements such as calcium oxide particles, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, and barium titanate A metal oxide particle is mentioned. Among these, metal oxide particles having a band gap of 2 to 4 eV are preferable. As the metal oxide particles, only one type of particles may be used, or a plurality of types of particles may be mixed and used. Among these metal oxide particles, titanium oxide, acid aluminum, silicon oxide, or acid zinc is more preferable, and acid titanium or acid aluminum is preferable. ⁇ Titanium is preferred.
- any of rutile, anatase, brookite, and amorphous can be used.
- those having a plurality of crystal states may be included.
- the surface of the metal oxide particles may be subjected to various surface treatments. For example, treatment with inorganic substances such as acid tin, acid aluminum, antimony oxide, acid zirconium, and silicon oxide, or organic substances such as stearic acid, polyol, and organosilicon compound may be performed. In particular, in the case of using titanium oxide particles, it is preferable that the surface is treated with an organosilicon compound.
- inorganic substances such as acid tin, acid aluminum, antimony oxide, acid zirconium, and silicon oxide
- organic substances such as stearic acid, polyol, and organosilicon compound
- organosilicon compounds include silicone oils such as dimethylpolysiloxane or methylhydrogen polysiloxane, organosilanes such as methyldimethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane, silazanes such as hexamethyldisilazane, butyltrimethoxysilane, and ⁇ -mercaptopropyl.
- Silane coupling agents such as trimethoxysilane and ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane are generally used.
- the silane treatment agent represented by the structure of the following general formula (1) is the best treatment agent with good reactivity with metal oxide particles.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group, and more specifically represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 3 is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and more specifically represents a group selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group.
- the outermost surface of these surface-treated particles is treated with such a treatment agent, Prior to the treatment, it may be treated with a treatment agent such as acid aluminum, acid silicon or acid zirconium.
- a treatment agent such as acid aluminum, acid silicon or acid zirconium.
- As the titanium oxide particles only one type of particles may be used, or a plurality of types of particles may be mixed and used.
- the metal oxide particles to be used generally have an average primary particle diameter of 500 nm or less, and preferably Inn! ⁇ LOOnm is used, more preferably 5-50nm.
- This average primary particle diameter can be obtained by an arithmetic average value of particle diameters directly observed by a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as TEM).
- the metal oxide particles to be used those having various refractive indexes can be used. However, any particles can be used as long as they can be usually used for an electrophotographic photoreceptor. Is available. Preferably, those having a refractive index of 1.4 or more and a refractive index of 3.0 or less are used.
- the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is as shown in Table 1 below according to the force described in various publications, for example, the Filer Utilization Dictionary (Edited by Filar Research Group, Taiseisha, 1994).
- the specific product name of the acid titanium particles is as follows. After surface treatment, ultra-fine titanium oxide “TTO-55 ( ⁇ )” and Al ⁇ coating are applied.
- titanium oxide such as “R-60”, “A-110”, “A-150”, etc., Al O coating
- Al oxide particles include “Aluminium Oxide C” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.).
- trade names for silicon oxide particles include “200CF”, “R972” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), “KEP-30” (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- tin oxide particles include rSN-100Pj (Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- the metal oxide particles usable in the present invention are limited to these. It is not a thing.
- the metal oxide particles are used in the range of 0.5 to 4 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the binder resin. This is preferred.
- the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or more, it is preferably from 1 to 4 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 2 to 4 parts by weight. In addition, when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is less than 2.0, it is preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by weight, particularly 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight. It is preferable.
- the non-resin resin used in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention it is soluble in an organic solvent that is usually used in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the undercoat layer after formation is particularly limited as long as it is insoluble in an organic solvent used in a coating solution for forming a photosensitive layer, has low solubility and does not substantially mix. It is not a thing.
- binder resin examples include phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polybutyl alcohol, casein, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide and the like. It can be used alone or in a hardened form with a curing agent.
- polyamide resins such as alcohol-soluble copolymerized polyamides and modified polyamides are preferable because of their good dispersibility and coating properties.
- Examples of the polyamide resin include so-called copolymer nylon obtained by copolymerization of 6 nylon, 66 nylon, 610 nylon, 11 nylon, 12-nylon, N-alkoxymethyl-modified nylon, N-alkoxyethyl-modified, etc.
- Examples of the alcohol-soluble nylon resin include a type obtained by chemically modifying nylon such as nylon. Specific product names include, for example, “CM4000”, “CM8000” (above, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), “F-30 K”, “MF-30”, “EF-30T” (above, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation), etc. can give.
- copolymer polyamide resins containing diamine represented by the following general formula (2) as a constituent component are particularly preferably used.
- R 4 to R 7 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic substituent.
- m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when there are a plurality of substituents, these substituents may be different from each other.
- the organic substituent represented by R 4 to R 7 a hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms, which may contain a hetero atom, is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an n propyl group is more preferable.
- Alkyl groups such as isopropyl group; alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group and isopropoxy group; aryl groups such as phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group and pyrenyl group; More preferred is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group. Particularly preferred are methyl group and ethyl group.
- the copolymerized polyamide resin containing diamine represented by the general formula (2) as a constituent component is, for example, ratatas such as ⁇ -petit-mouth ratatam, ⁇ -force prolatatam, lauryllatatam, etc .; 1 , 4 Butanedicarboxylic acid, 1,12 dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,20 dicarboxylic acids such as eicosanedicarboxylic acid; 1,4 butanediamine, 1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 1,8-otatamethylenediamine, 1,12 Diamines such as dodecanedamine; those obtained by copolymerizing binary, ternary, quaternary, etc. by combining piperazine and the like.
- the copolymerization ratio is not particularly limited, but the diamine component represented by the general formula (2) is usually 5 to 40 mol%, preferably 5 to 30 mol%.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymerized polyamide is preferably 10,000 to 50,000, and particularly preferably 15,000 to 35,000. If the number average molecular weight is too small or too large, it is difficult to maintain film uniformity.
- a conventional polyamide polycondensation method is appropriately applied, and a melt polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, an interfacial polymerization method, or the like is used.
- monobasic acids such as acetic acid and benzoic acid
- monoacid bases such as hexylamine and arrine
- molecular weight regulators can be added.
- thermo stabilizer typified by sodium phosphite, sodium hypophosphite, phosphorous acid, hypophosphite and hindered phenol, and other polymerization additives.
- a thermal stabilizer typified by sodium phosphite, sodium hypophosphite, phosphorous acid, hypophosphite and hindered phenol, and other polymerization additives.
- Specific examples of the copolymerized polyamide used in the present invention are shown below. However, in specific examples, the copolymerization ratio represents the monomer charge ratio (molar ratio).
- any organic solvent that can dissolve the binder resin for the undercoat layer according to the present invention should be used.
- alcohols having 5 or less carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or normal propyl alcohol; black mouth form, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, trichrene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloropro Halogenated hydrocarbons such as bread; Nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as dimethylformamide; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene. Any combination of these and mixed solvent in any proportion Can be used.
- the amount ratio of the organic solvent used in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the present invention and the solid content such as Norder's resin and titanium oxide particles varies depending on the coating method of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer. Change the application method appropriately so that a uniform coating film can be formed according to the application method to be applied.
- the undercoat layer forming coating solution of the present invention contains metal oxide particles, and the metal oxide particles are dispersed in the coating solution.
- the metal oxide particles are dispersed in the coating solution.
- it is produced by wet dispersion in an organic solvent using a known mechanical grinding device such as a ball mill, a sand grind mill, a planetary mill, or a roll mill.
- a known mechanical grinding device such as a ball mill, a sand grind mill, a planetary mill, or a roll mill.
- any known dispersing device may be used, but a pebble mill, a ball mill, a sand mill, a screen mill, a gap mill, a vibration mill, Examples include paint shakers and attritors.
- a sand mill, a screen mill, and a gap mill are preferably used from the viewpoints of dispersion efficiency, fineness of the reached particle diameter, ease of continuous operation, and the like, which can be dispersed by circulating the coating liquid.
- the sand mill may be either a vertical type or a horizontal type.
- Sand mill disk shape is flat plate Any type such as a mold, a vertical pin type, a horizontal pin type can be used.
- a liquid circulation type sand mill is used, and a cylindrical stator, a slurry supply port provided at the stator end, a slurry discharge port provided at the other end of the stator, and in the stator
- a pin, disk or wheeler type rotor that stirs and mixes the medium to be filled and the slurry supplied from the supply port, a force connected to the discharge port and rotating together with the rotor, or a rotor
- a rotor Is a shaft that rotates the separator in a wet-stirring ball mill that consists of an impeller-type separator that rotates independently and separates into media and slurry by the action of centrifugal force and discharges the slurry from the discharge port.
- the shaft center is a hollow outlet that communicates with the outlet.
- Such a wet stirring ball mill may be in the horizontal direction! /, But preferably in the vertical direction in order to increase the filling rate of the media, and a discharge port is provided at the upper end of the mill. It is also desirable to provide a separator above the media filling level.
- the supply port is provided at the bottom of the mill.
- the supply port is composed of a valve seat and a V-shaped, trapezoidal, or cone-shaped valve body that is fitted to the valve seat so as to be movable up and down and can be in line contact with the edge of the valve seat.
- the raw slurry is supplied, but the media can be prevented from falling. To be. It is also possible to raise the valve body to widen the slit and discharge the media, or to lower the valve body to close the slit and seal the mill. Further, since the slit is formed by the edge of the valve body and the valve seat, even if the particles in the raw material slurry are difficult to stagnate, they are likely to come out vertically and are not easily clogged.
- the valve body is vibrated up and down by the vibration means, the coarse particles trapped in the slit can be pulled out from the slit, and the stagnation itself is difficult to occur.
- shearing force is applied to the raw material slurry by the vibration of the valve body, the viscosity is lowered, and the amount of raw material slurry passing through the slit, that is, the supply amount can be increased.
- vibration means for vibrating the valve body in addition to mechanical means such as a vibrator, means for changing the pressure of compressed air acting on the piston integral with the valve body, such as a reciprocating compressor, compression An electromagnetic switching valve or the like that switches between intake and exhaust of air can be used.
- Such a wet stirring ball mill is also provided with a screen for separating the media at the bottom and a product slurry take-out port so that the product slurry remaining in the mill can be taken out after pulverization. Desire! /
- the wet stirring ball mill includes a cylindrical vertical stator, a product slurry supply port provided at the bottom of the stator, a slurry discharge port provided at the upper end of the stator, and an upper end of the stator.
- a shaft a shaft that is rotationally driven by a driving means such as a motor, a pin that is fixed to the shaft, a medium filled in the stator, and a slurry supplied from the supply port, a pin, a disk or a wheeler
- This is a vertical wet-stirring ball mill consisting of a rotor of the type, a separator provided near the discharge port that separates the media from the slurry, and a mechanical seal provided on the bearing that supports the shaft at the top of the stator.
- the mechanical seal is provided at the upper end of the stator above the liquid level at the axial center portion where the media and slurry have almost no kinetic energy.
- media and slurry can be greatly reduced between the mechanical seal mating ring and the lower part of the O-ring fitting groove.
- the lower part of the annular groove into which the O-ring fits is expanded downward by cutting and the clearance is widened, so that slurry and media enter and swallow or solidify. This causes clogging 1, and the mating ring follows the seal ring smoothly to maintain the mechanical seal function.
- the lower part of the fitting groove into which the O-ring is fitted has a V-shaped cross section and the whole is not thin, so the strength is not impaired and the holding function of the O-ring is impaired. That's also true.
- the wet stirring ball mill according to the present invention also includes a cylindrical stator and one end of the stator.
- a slurry supply port provided in the stator, a slurry discharge port provided at the other end of the stator, a medium filled in the stator and a pin for stirring and mixing the slurry supplied from the supply port, a disk or a wheeler type It is connected to the rotor and the discharge port, and rotates integrally with the rotor, or rotates independently from the rotor, and is separated into media and slurry by the action of centrifugal force, and the slurry is discharged from the discharge port.
- a separator In a wet stirring ball mill consisting of an impeller-type separator to be discharged, a separator is fitted between two disks having a blade fitting groove on the inner surface facing each other and a fitting groove between the disks. It comprises an intervening blade and a supporting means for sandwiching a disk with a blade interposed from both sides.
- the supporting means is a stepped shaft. It consists of a step of the shaft to be formed and cylindrical presser means that fits the shaft and presses the disc, and the shaft step and the presser means sandwich and support the disc with the blade interposed between both sides. .
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wet stirring ball mill according to the present invention.
- the raw material slurry is supplied to a vertical wet stirring ball mill, pulverized by stirring with the media in the mill, and then separated by the separator 14 and discharged through the shaft 15 shaft. Then, the path to be returned is circulated and crushed.
- the vertical wet-stir ball mill has a vertical cylindrical shape and a stator 17 provided with a jacket 16 through which cooling water for powerful mill cooling is passed.
- 1 Shaft 15 located at the shaft center of 7 and rotatably supported at the upper part of the stator, and having a mechanical seal at the bearing portion and having a hollow shaft 19 at the upper portion of the shaft, and a shaft A pin or disk-shaped rotor 21 projecting radially at the lower end, a pulley 24 fixed to the upper part of the shaft and transmitting driving force, a rotary joint 25 attached to the open end of the upper end of the shaft, and a stator
- the separator 14 for separating the media fixed to the shaft 15 near the upper part of the inside, the supply port 26 of the raw slurry provided at the stator bottom facing the shaft end of the shaft 15, and the eccentricity of the stator bottom It is attached on grid screen support 27 that is installed in the product slurry preparative out port 29 is provided in location, which is the screen
- the separator 14 is composed of a pair of discs 31 fixed to the shaft 15 at a predetermined interval and a blade 32 connecting the discs 31 to form an impeller. Intruded media and slurry Centrifugal force is applied to the medium, and the medium is blown outward in the radial direction due to the difference in specific gravity, while the slurry is discharged through the discharge path 19 in the shaft center of the shaft 15.
- the raw material slurry supply port 26 is composed of an inverted trapezoidal valve body 35 that fits up and down on a valve seat formed on the bottom of the stator and a bottomed cylindrical body 36 that projects downward from the bottom of the stator. When the valve body 35 is pushed up by this supply, an annular slit is formed between the valve seat 35 and the raw material slurry is supplied into the mill.
- valve body 35 at the time of raw material supply rises against the pressure in the mill by the supply pressure of the raw material slurry fed into the cylindrical body 36, and forms a slit between the valve seat 35 and the valve seat.
- the valve body 35 In order to eliminate clogging at the slit, the valve body 35 can be lifted and lowered up to the upper limit position in a short cycle to eliminate the stagnation.
- the vibration of the valve body 35 may be constantly performed, or may be performed when a large amount of coarse particles are contained in the raw material slurry. Further, when the supply pressure of the raw material slurry increases due to clogging, It may be performed in conjunction with this.
- Specific examples of the wet stirring ball mill having such a structure include an Ultra Apex mill manufactured by Kotobuki Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the ball mill stator 17 is filled with media and driven by external power to rotate the rotor 21 and the separator 14, while a certain amount of raw slurry is sent to the supply port 26, thereby the edge of the valve seat. It is fed into the mill through a slit formed between the valve body 35.
- the raw slurry and media in the mill are agitated and mixed by the rotation of the rotor 21 to pulverize the slurry, and the rotation of the separator 14 separates the media and the slurry that have entered the separator due to the difference in specific gravity. While the heavy media is blown outward in the radial direction, the slurry having a low specific gravity is discharged through the discharge path 19 formed in the shaft center of the shaft 15 and returned to the raw material tank.
- the pulverization has progressed to a certain extent, the particle size of the slurry is appropriately measured. When the desired particle size is reached, the raw material pump is stopped, the mill operation is stopped, and the pulverization is terminated.
- the filling rate of the medium filled in the mill is 50 to: LOO%. More preferably, it is 70 to 95%, particularly preferably 80 to 90%.
- the separator may be a screen or a slit mechanism, but an impeller type is desirable. A mold is preferred. The force required to place the wet stirring ball mill vertically and the separator on top of the mill. Especially when the media filling rate is set to 80-90%, grinding is most efficient and the separator is filled with media. It can be positioned above the level, and the media can be prevented from being ejected on the separator.
- the operating conditions of the wet-stirred ball mill applied to disperse the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer according to the present invention include the volume of the secondary particles of metal oxide aggregates in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer.
- Electrophotographic photoreceptor having an average particle diameter, stability of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer, the surface shape of the undercoat layer formed by coating the coating solution, and an undercoat layer formed by coating the coating solution In particular, the supply speed of the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer and the rotational speed of the rotor are particularly affected.
- the supply speed of the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer is related to the time during which the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer stays in the mill. Therefore, the force that is affected by the volume of the mill and its shape is usually used.
- a range of 20 kg / hour to 80 kgZ hours per liter of mill volume (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as L) is more preferable, and a range of 30 kgZ hours to 70 kgZ hours per liter of mill volume is more preferable.
- the rotational speed of the rotor is the force affected by parameters such as the rotor shape and the gap with the stator.
- the peripheral speed of the rotor tip is 5 mZ seconds to 20 mZ seconds.
- the range is preferably in the range of 8 mZ seconds to 15 mZ seconds, and more preferably in the range of 10 mZ seconds to 12 mZ seconds.
- the dispersion medium is usually used in a volume ratio of 0.5 to 5 times the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer.
- a dispersion aid that can be easily removed after dispersion can be used in combination.
- the dispersion aid include sodium chloride and sodium nitrate.
- the metal oxide is preferably dispersed in the presence of a dispersion solvent in a wet manner, but a binder resin and various additives may be mixed at the same time.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, but if the organic solvent used for the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is used, it can be dispersed after dispersion. It is not necessary to go through steps such as solvent exchange. Any one of these solvents may be used alone. Two or more of these solvents may be used in combination as a mixed solvent.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 0.1 parts by weight or more, preferably 1 part by weight or more, and usually 500 parts by weight or less with respect to 1 part by weight of the metal oxide to be dispersed.
- the range is preferably 100 parts by weight or less.
- the temperature during mechanical dispersion can be from the freezing point of the solvent (or mixed solvent) to the boiling point or less, but from the viewpoint of safety during production, it is usually 10 ° C or more and 200 ° C or less. It is performed in the range.
- the ultrasonic treatment is to apply ultrasonic vibration to the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer, but there is no particular limitation on the vibration frequency, etc.
- ultrasonic waves are generated with an oscillator having a frequency of 10 kHz to 40 kHz, preferably 15 kHz to 35 kHz. Vibrate vibration.
- the output of the ultrasonic oscillator Although there is no particular limitation on the output of the ultrasonic oscillator, those of 100W to 5kW are usually used. Usually, it is better to disperse a small amount of coating liquid with ultrasonic waves with a paper output ultrasonic oscillator than to process a large amount of coating liquid with ultrasonic waves with a high output ultrasonic oscillator.
- the amount of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is preferably 1 to 50 L, more preferably 5 to 30 L, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 L.
- the output of the ultrasonic vibrator is preferably 200 W to 3 kW, more preferably 300 W to 2 kW, and particularly preferably 500 W to 1.5 kW.
- the method of applying ultrasonic vibration to the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is not particularly limited, but the method of directly immersing the ultrasonic oscillator in the container containing the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer, the undercoat layer
- a method of bringing an ultrasonic oscillator into contact with the outer wall of a container containing a forming coating solution, a method of immersing a solution containing a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer in a liquid that has been vibrated by an ultrasonic transmitter, etc. can be given.
- a method of immersing a solution containing the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer in a liquid that has been vibrated by an ultrasonic transmitter is preferably used.
- the liquid to be vibrated by an ultrasonic transmitter includes water; alcohols such as methanol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene; and fats and oils such as silicone oil.
- the applied ultrasonic vibration may increase the temperature of the liquid to which vibration is applied.
- the temperature of the liquid is usually 5 to 60 ° C, preferably 10 to 50. C, more preferably sonication in the temperature range of 15-40 ° C.
- a container for storing a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer during ultrasonic treatment it is usually used to contain a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer used for forming a photosensitive layer for an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Any container can be used as long as it is a container that can be used, but examples include a container made of resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, a glass container, and a metal can. Among these, metal cans are preferred, and 18 liter metal cans are preferably used as specified in JIS Z 1602. This is because it is strong against impacts that are hardly affected by organic solvents.
- the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is used after being filtered as necessary in order to remove coarse particles.
- filtration media in this case, any filtration media such as cellulose fiber, rosin fiber, and glass fiber that are usually used for filtration may be used.
- a so-called wind filter in which various fibers are wound around a core material is preferable because of a large filtration area and high efficiency.
- the core material any of the core materials known in the art can be used. Examples of the core material include stainless steel core material, and core material made of resin that does not dissolve in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer such as polypropylene.
- the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer thus produced is used for forming an undercoat layer by further adding a binder or various auxiliary agents if desired.
- a dispersion medium having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m is used to disperse the titanium oxide particles in the coating solution for the undercoat layer.
- Dispersion media usually has a shape close to a true sphere.
- the average particle size can be obtained by sieving with a sieve described in «JIS Z 8801: 20000, etc., or by measuring by image analysis.
- the density can be measured by the Archimedes method.
- an average particle diameter and sphericity can be measured by an image analyzer represented by LUZEX50 manufactured by Reco.
- the average particle diameter of the dispersion medium is usually 5 m to 200 m, particularly 10 m to 100 m. preferable.
- a dispersion medium having a small particle size tends to give a uniform dispersion in a short time. However, if the particle size is excessively small, the mass of the dispersion medium becomes too small to perform efficient dispersion.
- the density of the dispersion medium is usually 5.5 gZcm 3 or more, preferably 5.9 gZcm 3 or more, more preferably 6. OgZcm 3 or more.
- dispersion using a higher density dispersion medium tends to give a uniform dispersion in a shorter time.
- the sphericity of the distributed media is preferably 1.08 or less, more preferably 1.07 or less.
- the material of the dispersion medium is insoluble in the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer and has a specific gravity greater than that of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer, and reacts with the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer.
- Any known dispersion medium can be used as long as it does not alter the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer.
- Examples include steel balls such as chrome balls (ball balls for ball bearings) and carbon balls (carbon steel balls); stainless steel balls; ceramic balls such as silicon nitride balls, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide and alumina; titanium nitride, charcoal Examples include spheres coated with a film such as titanium nitride. Among these, ceramic spheres are preferred, and especially zirconia fired balls are preferred. More specifically, it is particularly preferred to use the zirconia fired beads described in Japanese Patent No. 3400836.
- the undercoat layer according to the present invention comprises a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer on a support, such as dip coating, spray coating, nozzle coating, spiral coating, ring coating, bar coating coating, roll coating coating, blade coating, etc. It is formed by coating by a known coating method and drying.
- Examples of the spray application method include air spray, airless spray, electrostatic air spray, electrostatic worker ares spray, rotary atomizing electrostatic spray, hot spray, and hot airless spray.
- the rotary atomizing electrostatic spray is disclosed in the republished Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-805198.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in film thickness uniformity with high overall adhesion efficiency can be obtained by continuously conveying the workpiece while rotating in the axial direction without rotating the workpiece.
- As a method of applying the snail there is a method using a liquid injection coating machine or a curtain coating machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the total solid concentration of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer is usually 1% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more and usually 50% by weight or less, preferably 35
- the viscosity is in the range of% by weight or less, and the viscosity is preferably in the range of not less than 0.
- the coated film is dried, but the drying temperature and time are adjusted so that necessary and sufficient drying is performed.
- the drying temperature is usually in the range of 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 110 ° C to 170 ° C, more preferably 115 ° C to 140 ° C.
- a hot air dryer, a steam dryer, an infrared dryer, and a far infrared dryer can be used.
- the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention has an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, and the undercoat layer is provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.
- any structure applicable to a known electrophotographic photoreceptor can be adopted. Specifically, for example, a so-called single layer type photoreceptor having a single photosensitive layer in which a photoconductive material is dissolved or dispersed in a binder resin; a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transport material And a so-called multilayer photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer composed of a plurality of layers formed by laminating a charge transporting layer containing.
- a photoconductive material exhibits the same performance as a function regardless of whether it is a single layer type or a laminated type.
- the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention may be in the known! / Or misaligned form. However, the mechanical properties, electrical characteristics, manufacturing stability, etc. of the photosensitive member are comprehensively considered. In view of this, a multi-layer type photoconductor is preferred, and a sequential photoconductor in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order on a conductive support is preferred.
- a metal material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper, or nickel, or conductive powder such as metal, carbon, or tin oxide is added and guided.
- Mainly used are resin materials with added electrical conductivity, and resin, glass, paper, etc. deposited or coated on the surface with conductive materials such as aluminum, nickel, ITO (indium oxide-tin oxide).
- a drum shape, a sheet shape, a belt shape or the like is used.
- a conductive material having an appropriate resistance value may be coated on a conductive support made of a metal material in order to control conductivity / surface properties or to cover defects.
- a metal material such as an aluminum alloy
- it may be used after being anodized.
- anodizing it is desirable to perform sealing by a known method.
- an anodic oxidation film is formed by anodizing in an acidic bath of chromic acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid or the like.
- the sulfuric acid concentration is 100 to 300 gZL
- the dissolved aluminum concentration is 2 to 15 gZL
- the liquid temperature is 15 to 30 ° C
- the electrolysis voltage is 10 to 20 V
- the current density is 0.5 to 2 AZdm 2
- the anodic acid coating film thus formed is subjected to a sealing treatment.
- the sealing treatment may be performed by a known method.
- the low-temperature sealing treatment is performed by immersing in an aqueous solution containing nickel fluoride as a main component, or a certain aqueous solution containing nickel acetate as a main component. It is preferable to apply a high-temperature sealing treatment soaked inside.
- the nickel fluoride aqueous solution concentration used in the case of the above-mentioned low-temperature sealing treatment is used in the range of 3 to 6 gZL of force that can be appropriately selected, more preferable results are obtained.
- the treatment temperature is usually 25 ° C or higher, preferably 30 ° C or higher, and usually 40 ° C or lower, preferably 35 ° C or lower.
- the P H of the nickel fluoride aqueous solution typically 4.5 or more, preferably 5.5 or more, and usually 6.5 or less, and it is preferably treated with a range 6.0 below.
- oxalic acid, boric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, aqueous ammonia, etc. can be used as a pH regulator.
- the treatment time is preferably in the range of 1 to 3 minutes per 1 ⁇ m of film thickness.
- cobalt fluoride, cobalt acetate, nickel sulfate, a surfactant or the like may be added to the nickel fluoride aqueous solution. Then wash with water, dry and cool Finish the sealing process.
- an aqueous metal salt solution such as nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, lead acetate, nickel acetate cobalt, and barium nitrate can be used.
- nickel acetate is used.
- the concentration when using an aqueous nickel acetate solution is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g / L.
- the treatment temperature is usually 80 ° C or higher, preferably 90 ° C or higher, and usually 100 ° C or lower, preferably 98 ° C or lower.
- the pH of the aqueous nickel acetate solution is preferably in the range of 5.0 to 6.0.
- ammonia water, sodium acetate, or the like can be used as the PH regulator.
- the treatment time is 10 minutes or more, preferably 15 minutes or more.
- sodium acetate, organic carboxylic acid, ionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, etc. may be added to the nickel acetate aqueous solution in order to improve the film properties. Further, it may be treated with high temperature water or high temperature steam substantially free of salts. Next, it is washed with water and dried to finish the high temperature sealing treatment. When the average thickness of the anodic acid coating is thick, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the sealing liquid and to perform strong sealing conditions at high temperature for a long time.
- the average thickness of the anodized film is usually 20 / zm or less, particularly 7 / zm or less.
- the surface of the support may be smooth, or may be roughened by using a special cutting method or polishing treatment. Further, it may be roughened by mixing particles having an appropriate particle size with the material constituting the support.
- the drawing tube can be used as it is without cutting.
- the treatment eliminates dirt and foreign matter deposits on the surface, small scratches, etc., resulting in a uniform and clean support. Preferable because it is obtained.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer can be arbitrarily selected, but from the viewpoint of improving the photoreceptor characteristics and coating properties, it is usually preferably in the range of 0.:m to 20 m.
- a known anti-oxidation agent or the like may be added to the undercoat layer.
- the surface shape of the undercoat layer according to the present invention is determined by in-plane root mean square roughness (RMS), in-plane calculation. It is characterized by the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and the in-plane maximum roughness (P-V). These values are the root mean square height and arithmetic average height in the standard of J IS B 0601: 2001. This is a numerical value obtained by extending the reference length of the maximum height to the reference plane.
- RMS root mean square roughness
- Ra arithmetic average roughness
- P-V in-plane maximum roughness
- the in-plane root mean square roughness (RMS) is the root mean square of Z (X)
- the in-plane arithmetic mean roughness ( Ra) is the average of the absolute values of Z (X)
- the in-plane maximum roughness (P—V) is the sum of the maximum value of the peak height of Z (x) and the maximum value of the valley depth.
- the in-plane root mean square roughness (RMS) of the undercoat layer according to the present invention is usually in the range of 10 to: LOOnm, and preferably in the range of 20 to 50 nm.
- the in-plane arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the undercoat layer according to the present invention is usually in the range of 10 to 50 nm, preferably in the range of 10 to 50 nm.
- the in-plane maximum roughness (P ⁇ V) of the undercoat layer according to the present invention is usually in the range of 100 to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 300 to 800 nm.
- These surface shape values may be measured by any surface shape analyzer as long as they are measured by a surface shape analyzer capable of measuring unevenness in the reference plane with high accuracy. Absent.
- the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention is dispersed in a solvent capable of dissolving the binder resin binding the undercoat layer to form a dispersion.
- the light transmittance of the dispersion exhibits specific physical properties. The light transmittance in this case can also be determined as in the case of measuring the light transmittance of the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.
- the binder resin binding the undercoat layer is not substantially dissolved and formed on the undercoat layer.
- the binder resin binding the undercoat layer is dissolved in the solvent to obtain a dispersion.
- a solvent in this case, 400 ⁇ ! Solvents that do not have large light absorption in the lOOOnm wavelength region may be used. More specifically, methanol, ethanol, 1 propano And alcohols such as 2-propanol, in particular methanol, ethanol, and Z or 1 propanol.
- the subbing layer according to the present invention has an absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of 400 nm and an absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of lOOOnm of a liquid in which methanol and 1-propanol are mixed at a weight ratio of 7: 3.
- the difference is less than 0.3 (Abs) when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or more, and 0.02 (when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or less. Abs) More preferably, when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or more, it is 0.2 (Abs) or less, and when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles is 2.0 or less, it is 0. Less than Ol (Abs). Since the absorbance value depends on the solid content concentration of the liquid to be measured, in the present invention, the metal oxide concentration in the liquid may be dispersed so as to be in the range of 0.003 wt% to 0.007 wt%. preferable.
- the regular reflectance of the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention is a value specific to the present invention.
- the regular reflectance of the undercoat layer indicates the regular reflectance of the undercoat layer on the conductive support relative to the conductive support, and the reflectivity is the film of the lower bow I layer. Since the thickness varies depending on the thickness, in the present invention, it is defined as the reflectance when the undercoat layer is 2 m.
- the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention has an undercoat layer of 2 m when the refractive index of the metal oxide particles contained in the undercoat layer is 2.0 or more.
- the specific power of specular reflection with respect to light with a wavelength of 48 Onm of the undercoat layer is 50% or more relative to specular reflection with respect to light with a wavelength of 480 nm of the conductive support, and the refractive index of the metal oxide particles If the undercoat layer is 2 m or less, it corresponds to the light of the wavelength of the undercoat layer of 400 nm with respect to the regular reflection of the conductive support with respect to the light of wavelength 400 nm, which is converted when the undercoat layer is 2 m.
- the ratio of regular reflection is 50% or more.
- the undercoat layer contains a plurality of types of metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 2.0 or more, or a case of containing a plurality of types of metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 2.0 or less, What is the regular reflection similar to the above is preferable.
- the undercoat layer simultaneously contains metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 2.0 or more and metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 2.0 or less, a metal having a refractive index of 2.0 or more.
- the wavelength of the conductive support converted when the undercoat layer is 2 m.
- the specific power of the regular reflection with respect to the light with a wavelength of 480 nm of the undercoat layer with respect to the regular reflection with respect to Onm light is preferably 50% or more.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is not limited to 2 m, and may be any film thickness.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed using the undercoat layer forming coating solution used for forming the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- a subbing layer having a thickness can be applied and formed on a conductive support equivalent to the body, and the regular reflectance can be measured on the subbing layer.
- Decrease in light intensity after passing through dL dl is considered to be proportional to the light intensity I and dL before passing through the layer, and can be expressed as follows (k is a constant) ).
- Equation (4) the behavior until the incident light reaches the surface of the conductive substrate is expressed by Equation (4).
- the optical path length is a force of 4 m in a reciprocating manner.
- the reflectivity T of the undercoat layer on any conductive support is the film of the undercoat layer. It is a function of the thickness L (the optical path length is 2L at this time) and is expressed as T (L). From equation (6)
- T (2) T (L) 2 / L (9)
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is L (m)
- the reflectivity when the undercoat layer is 2 m is measured by measuring the reflectivity T (L) of the undercoat layer.
- T (2) can be estimated with considerable accuracy.
- the thickness L of the undercoat layer can be measured with any film thickness measuring device such as a roughness meter.
- any material that has been proposed for use in the present application can be used.
- examples of such substances are azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthanthrone pigments, quinacridone pigments, cyanine pigments, pyrylium pigments, thiapyrylium pigments, indigo pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, And squaric acid pigments.
- Particularly preferred are phthalocyanine pigments and azo pigments.
- Phthalocyanine pigments provide a photosensitive material with high sensitivity to laser light having a relatively long wavelength
- azo pigments use white light and relatively short wavelength light. Each is excellent in that it has sufficient sensitivity to laser light.
- a phthalocyanine compound when used as the charge generation material, a high effect is preferable.
- the phthalocyanine compound include metal-free phthalocyanine, metals such as copper, indium, gallium, tin, titanium, zinc, vanadium, silicon, and germanium, or oxides, halides, hydroxides, alkoxides thereof, and the like. Phthalocyanines and the various crystal forms they have. In particular, the highly sensitive crystalline X-type, vertical metal-free phthalocyanine, A-type (also known as
- a gallium phthalocyanine dimer a cage-type ⁇ -oxo-aluminum phthalocyanine dimer is preferred.
- phthalocyanines ⁇ type (
- phthalocyanine compounds CuK o; oxytitanium that exhibits a Bragg angle (2 0 ⁇ 0.2 °) force of the X-ray diffraction spectrum for characteristic X-rays and a main diffraction peak at 27.3 ° Phthalocyanine, 9.3 °, 13.2 °, 26. 2 ° and 27.1 and oxytitanium phthalocyanine showing the main diffraction peaks at 1 °, 9.2, 14.1, 15.3, 19.7, 27 1.
- Phthalocyanine, and black gallium phthalocyanine having diffraction peaks at 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 ° and 28.3 ° are preferred.
- oxytita-um phthalocyanine which exhibits a main diffraction peak at 27.3 °, is particularly preferred. In this case, an oxytite having a main diffraction peak at 9.5 °, 24.1 ° and 27.3 ° is preferred. Titanium phthalocyanine is especially preferred.
- phthalocyanine compound only a single compound may be used, and V, some mixture, or a mixed crystal state may be used.
- Mixing phthalocyanine compounds here or As the mixed crystal state the respective constituent elements may be mixed and used later, or a mixed state may be generated in the processing step of producing phthalocyanine compounds such as synthesis, pigmentation, and crystallization.
- acid paste treatment, “grinding treatment”, solvent treatment and the like are known.
- two kinds of crystals are mixed, mechanically ground and made amorphous, and then a specific crystal is obtained by solvent treatment. There is a method of converting to a state.
- a charge generating substance other than the phthalocyanine compound may be used.
- azo pigments perylene pigments, quinacridone pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, indigo pigments, benzimidazole pigments, pyrylium salts, thiapyrylium salts, squalium salts, and the like can be used.
- the charge generating material is dispersed in the photosensitive layer forming coating solution, but may be pre-ground before being dispersed in the coating solution.
- Pre-grinding is a force that can be performed using various apparatuses. Usually, a ball mill, a sand grind mill, or the like is used. Any grinding media can be used as the grinding media to be put into these grinding devices as long as the grinding media is not pulverized during the grinding treatment and can be easily separated after the dispersion treatment. Examples include beads and balls such as glass, anolemina, zirco-a, stainless steel, and ceramics.
- it is preferred to grind so that the volume average particle diameter is 500 m or less, more preferably 250 m or less.
- the volume average particle diameter may be measured by any method commonly used by those skilled in the art, but is usually measured by a sedimentation method or a centrifugal sedimentation method.
- charge transport materials include: polymer compounds such as polyvinylcarbazole, polybutylpyrene, polyglycidylcarbazole, and polyacenaphthylene; polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrene and anthracene; indole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, and force rubazole derivatives.
- Heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives; p-jetylaminobens aldehyde H, N, N-diphenylhydrazone, N-methylcarbazole 3-carbaldehyde N, N-diphe- Hydrazone compounds such as ruhydrazone; 5— (4— (di-p-tolylamino) Benzylidene) 5H-Dibenzo (a, d) styryl compounds such as cycloheptene; Triarylamine compounds such as p-tritolylamine; Benzidine compounds such as N, N, ⁇ ', ⁇ , and -tetraphenol pendine; Compounds; triphenylmethane-based compounds such as G ( ⁇ -ditolylaminophenol) methane.
- hydrazone derivatives strong rubazole derivatives, styryl compounds, butadiene compounds, triarylamine compounds, benzidine compounds, or a combination of these are preferably used.
- charge transport materials may be used alone or in combination.
- the photosensitive layer according to the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is formed in a form in which a photoconductive material is bound with various binder resins.
- the binder resin any known binder resin that can be used for an electrophotographic photoreceptor can be used.
- the layer containing the charge generation material is usually a charge generation layer, but may be contained in the charge transport layer.
- the charge generation material usage ratio is usually in the range of 30 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the Norder resin contained in the charge generation layer. More preferably 50 to 300 parts by weight. If the amount used is too small, the electrical characteristics as an electrophotographic photoreceptor will not be sufficient, and if it is too small, the stability of the coating solution will be impaired.
- the volume average particle diameter of the charge generation material in the layer containing the charge generation material is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 m or less.
- the film thickness of the charge generation layer is usually 0.1 ⁇ to 2 / ⁇ m
- the preferred range is 0.15 m to 0.8 m.
- the charge generating material is dispersed in a matrix mainly composed of a binder resin and a charge transporting material having the same mixing ratio as the charge transporting layer described later.
- the particle size of the charge generation material must be sufficiently small, and the volume average particle size is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the photosensitive layer is usually 5 to 50 111, more preferably 10 to 45 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the photosensitive layer of a single-layer type photosensitive member is also a known plasticizer for improving film formability, flexibility, mechanical strength, etc., an additive for suppressing residual potential, and for improving dispersion stability. It contains a dispersion aid, a leveling agent to improve coatability, a surfactant, silicone oil, fluorine oil and other additives.
- the charge transport layer may be formed of a resin having a charge transport function alone, but a structure in which the charge transport material is dispersed or dissolved in a binder resin is more preferable.
- a structure in which the charge transporting material is dispersed or dissolved in a binder resin is used as a matrix in which the charge generating material is dispersed.
- the binder resin used in the layer containing the charge transport material includes, for example, a butyl polymer such as poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and poly salt butyl and a copolymer thereof.
- a butyl polymer such as poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and poly salt butyl and a copolymer thereof.
- Body polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, polyester carbonate, polysulfone, polyimide, phenoxy, epoxy, silicone resin, etc., and partially crosslinked cured products of these can also be used.
- the layer containing the charge transporting material may contain an antioxidant such as a hindered phenol or hindered amine, an ultraviolet absorber, a sensitizer, a leveling agent, an electron withdrawing material, etc., if necessary. Various additives may be included.
- the thickness of the layer containing the charge transport material is usually 5 to 60 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 45 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 27 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the Noinda resin and the charge transporting material is such that the charge transporting material is usually 20 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. More preferably, it is used in the range of 40 to 120 parts by weight.
- a conventionally known surface protective layer or overcoat layer mainly composed of, for example, a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer may be provided.
- a coating solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing a substance contained in a layer in a solvent such as a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of the present invention
- a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer of the present invention is prepared by, for example, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, They are sequentially applied and formed using a known method such as a ring application method.
- various additives such as a leveling agent, an antioxidant, and a sensitizer may be included to improve the coating properties as necessary.
- a solvent that can be used for the wet mechanical dispersion can be used.
- Preferred examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, cyclohexanone, 1-hexanol, 1,3 butanediol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone; dioxane, Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; ether ketones such as 4 methoxy-4-methyl-2 pentanone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and black benzene; methyl acetate, acetic acid Esters such as ethyl; amides such as N, N dimethylformamide, N, N dimethylacetamide; And sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- alcohols aromatic hydrocarbons, and ether ketones are particularly preferably used. More preferable examples include toluene, xylene, 1-hexanol, 1,3-butanediol, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, and the like.
- solvents such as ethers, alcohols, amides, sulfoxides, ether ketones amides, sulfoxides, ether ketones are suitable, and ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1 Alcohols such as Pronool V are suitable.
- ethers are mixed. This is the surface strength of the phthalocyanine, such as the stability of the crystal form and the dispersion stability, particularly when a coating solution is produced using oxytitanium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material.
- the image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, a charging device 2, an exposure device 3, and a developing device 4, and further includes a transfer device 5, a cleaning device as necessary.
- a fixing device 6 and a fixing device 7 are provided.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-described electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
- the above-described photosensitive layer is formed on the surface of a cylindrical conductive support. This shows a drum-shaped photoconductor formed.
- a charging device 2, an exposure device 3, a developing device 4, a transfer device 5 and a cleaning device 6 are arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, respectively.
- the charging device 2 charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and uniformly charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 to a predetermined potential.
- a roller type charging device (charging roller) is shown as an example of the charging device 2.
- a corona charging device such as a corotron and a scorotron
- a contact charging device such as a charging brush are often used.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the charging device 2 are designed to be removable from the main body of the image forming apparatus as a cartridge including both (hereinafter, referred to as a photoreceptor cartridge as appropriate). ing.
- the photoreceptor cartridge can be removed from the image forming apparatus main body, and another new photosensitive cartridge can be mounted on the image forming apparatus main body.
- the toner described later is often stored in the toner cartridge and designed to be removable from the main body of the image forming apparatus, and this toner cartridge is used when the toner in the toner cartridge is used up.
- the main body of the image forming apparatus can be removed and another new toner cartridge can be installed.
- a cartridge equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the charging device 2, and the toner may be used.
- the type of the exposure apparatus 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can expose the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- Specific examples include halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, lasers such as semiconductor lasers and He-Ne lasers, and LEDs.
- exposure may be performed by a photoconductor internal exposure method.
- the light used for exposure is arbitrary. For example, exposure is performed with monochromatic light with a wavelength of 780 nm, monochromatic light with a wavelength slightly shorter than 600 nm to 700 nm, or monochromatic light with a short wavelength of 380 nm to 600 nm. . Among these, the wavelength is 380 ⁇ ! It is preferable to expose with a monochromatic light having a short wavelength of ⁇ 600 nm, more preferably 380 ⁇ ! Exposure with monochromatic light of ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
- the development device 4 may use any device such as a cascade development, a single component conductive toner image, a dry development method such as a two component magnetic brush development, or a wet development method that is not particularly limited in type. it can.
- the developing device 4 includes a developing tank 41, an agitator 42, a supply port roller 43, a developing roller 44, and a regulating member 45, and stores toner T inside the developing tank 41. ing.
- a replenishing device (not shown) for replenishing toner T may be attached to the developing device 4 as necessary. This replenishing device is configured to replenish toner T from a container such as a bottle or a cartridge.
- the supply roller 43 is formed of a conductive sponge or the like.
- the developing roller 44 is made of a metal roll such as iron, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, or such a metal roll. It consists of a resin roll coated with resin, urethane resin, fluorine resin, etc. If necessary, the surface of the developing roller 44 may be smoothed or roughened.
- the development roller 44 is disposed between the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the supply roller 43 and is in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the supply roller 43, respectively.
- the supply roller 43 and the developing roller 44 are rotated by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown).
- the supply roller 43 carries the stored toner T and supplies it to the developing roller 44.
- the developing roller 44 carries the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 and contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
- the regulating member 45 is made of a resin blade such as a silicone resin or a urethane resin, a metal blade such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, brass, phosphor bronze, or a blade coated with a resin on such a metal blade. Is formed.
- the regulating member 45 abuts on the developing roller 44 and is pressed against the developing roller 44 side with a predetermined force by a spring or the like (general blade linear pressure is 5 to 500 gZcm). If necessary, the regulating member 45 may be provided with a function of imparting charge to the toner T by frictional charging with the toner T.
- the agitator 42 is rotated by a rotation drive mechanism, respectively, and agitates the toner T and conveys the toner T to the supply roller 43 side.
- Multiple agitators 42 may be provided with different blade shapes and sizes.
- the type of toner T is arbitrary, and in addition to powdered toner, polymerized toner using a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, or the like can be used.
- a toner having a small particle diameter of about ⁇ 8 / ⁇ is preferable.
- the toner particles can be used in a variety of shapes, from a nearly spherical shape to one in which the spherical force on the potato is off.
- the polymerized toner is excellent in charging uniformity and transferability, and is suitably used for high image quality.
- the transfer device 5 should be a device using any method such as electrostatic transfer methods such as corona transfer, roller transfer, belt transfer, pressure transfer method, and adhesive transfer method, with no particular restrictions on the type. Can do.
- the transfer device 5 is composed of a transfer charger, a transfer roller, a transfer belt, and the like disposed opposite to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- This transfer device 5 applies a predetermined voltage value (transfer voltage) with a polarity opposite to the charging potential of the toner ⁇ , and transfers the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 onto the recording paper (paper, medium) ⁇ . Is.
- Brush cleaner and magnetic brush cleaner with no particular restrictions on the cleaning device 6 1. Any cleaning device such as electrostatic brush cleaner, magnetic roller cleaner, blade cleaner, etc. can be used.
- the cleaning device 6 scrapes off residual toner adhering to the photoreceptor 1 with a cleaning member and collects the residual toner. However, if there is little or almost no toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor, the cleaning device 6 may be omitted.
- the fixing device 7 includes an upper fixing member (fixing roller) 71 and a lower fixing member (fixing roller) 72, and a heating device 73 is provided inside the fixing member 71 or 72.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which a heating device 73 is provided inside the upper fixing member 71.
- the upper and lower fixing members 71 and 72 are made of a known heat fixing member such as a fixing roll in which a metal base tube made of stainless steel, aluminum or the like is coated with a silicone rubber, a fixing roll coated with fluorine resin, or a fixing sheet. Can be used. Further, each of the fixing members 71 and 72 may be configured to supply a release agent such as silicone oil in order to improve the releasability, or may be configured to force the pressure to be mutually forced by a panel or the like.
- a release agent such as silicone oil
- the toner transferred onto the recording paper P passes between the upper fixing member 71 and the lower fixing member 72 heated to a predetermined temperature, the toner is heated to a molten state and cooled after passing. The toner is fixed on the recording paper P.
- the fixing device is not particularly limited in its type, and a fixing device of an arbitrary system such as a heat roller fixing, a flash fixing, an oven fixing, and a pressure fixing can be provided including those used here. .
- an image is recorded as follows. That is, first, the surface (photosensitive surface) of the photoreceptor 1 is charged to a predetermined potential (for example, ⁇ 600 V) by the charging device 2. At this time, charging may be performed by superimposing AC voltage on DC voltage, which may be charged by DC voltage.
- a predetermined potential for example, ⁇ 600 V
- the photosensitive surface of the charged photoreceptor 1 is exposed by the exposure device 3 according to the image to be recorded, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive surface.
- the developing device 4 develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1.
- the developing device 4 thins the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 with a regulating member (developing blade) 45 and has a predetermined polarity (here, the same polarity as the charging potential of the photoreceptor 1). And negatively charged) and conveyed while being carried on the developing roller 44 to be brought into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor 1.
- the final image is obtained by passing the fixing device 7 and thermally fixing the toner image onto the recording paper P.
- the image forming apparatus may be configured to perform, for example, a static elimination process.
- the neutralization step is a step of neutralizing the electrophotographic photosensitive member by exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Fluorescent lamps, LEDs, etc. are used as static eliminators.
- the light used in the static elimination process is often light having an exposure energy that is at least three times that of the exposure light.
- the image forming apparatus may be further modified.
- the image forming apparatus may be configured to perform a pre-exposure process, an auxiliary charging process, or the like, or may be configured to perform offset printing.
- a full color tandem system configuration using multiple types of toner may be further modified.
- Rutile-type titanium oxide with an average primary particle size of 40 nm (“TT055N” manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and 3% by weight of methyldimethoxysilane (“TSL8117J” manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) with respect to the titanium oxide.
- Disperse lkg of raw slurry made by mixing 50 parts of surface-treated titanium oxide obtained by mixing with a Henschel mixer and 120 parts of methanol, and Zirconia beads (YTZ manufactured by Nitsukato Co., Ltd.) with a diameter of about 100 ⁇ m.
- Ultrapex mill (UAM-015 type, manufactured by Kotobuki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is used as the media.
- Dispersion treatment is performed for 1 hour in a liquid circulation state with a rotor peripheral speed of 10 mZ seconds and a liquid flow rate of 10 kgZ time.
- a mixed solvent of the above titanium oxide dispersion and methanol Z1-propanol Z-toluene, and ⁇ - strength prolatatum [compound represented by the following formula ( ⁇ )] ⁇ bis (4 amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) Methane [compound represented by the following formula (B)] Z-hexamethylenediamine [compound represented by the following formula (C)] Z decamethylene dicarboxylic acid [compound represented by the following formula (D)] Zoctadeca Methylenedicarboxylic acid [compound represented by the following formula (E)] with a compositional molar ratio of 75% / 9.5% / 3% / 9.5% Z3%
- the polyamide pellets were dissolved by stirring and mixing.
- ultrasonic dispersion treatment with an ultrasonic transmitter with an output of 1 200 W was performed for 1 hour, and further filtered through a PTF E membrane filter (Advantech Mytex LC) with a pore size of m.
- the weight ratio of the surface-treated oxytitanium Z copolymer polyamide is 3Z1
- the weight ratio of the mixed solvent of methanol Z 1 propanol / toluene is 7/1/2
- the concentration of the solid component contained is 18
- a coating solution A for forming an undercoat layer of 0% by weight was obtained.
- the particle diameter is the particle diameter at which the cumulative curve is 50% when the total curve of titanium oxide particles is 100%.
- the volume average particle diameter (center diameter: Median diameter) was used, and the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative curve reached 90% was defined as the cumulative 90% particle diameter. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Undercoat layer forming coating solution B was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Zirconia beads having a diameter of about 50 m (YTZ manufactured by Nitsukato Co., Ltd.) was used as a dispersion medium when dispersing with an Ultra Apex mill. It was fabricated and the physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Undercoat layer forming coating solution C was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the rotor peripheral speed during dispersion with the Ultra Apex mill was set to 12 mZ seconds, and the physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Set. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the undercoat layer forming coating solution D was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that Zirconia beads having a diameter of about 30 m (YTZ manufactured by Nitsukato Co., Ltd.) was used as a dispersion medium when dispersing with an Ultra Apex mill. It was fabricated and the physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Undercoat layer forming coating solution E was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the weight ratio of the surface-treated acid / titanium Z copolymer polyamide used in Example 2 was 2Z1, and the solid content concentration was The difference between the absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of 400 nm and the absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength lOOOnm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.015 wt% (metal oxide particle concentration, 0.01 wt%) was measured. . The results are shown in Table 3.
- a coating solution F for forming the undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the weight ratio of the surface-treated titanium oxide Z-copolymerized polyamide was 4Z1, and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 0.015% by weight (gold The difference between the absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of 400 ⁇ m and the absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of lOOOnm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the metal oxide particle concentration was 0.012 wt%. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 1 aluminum oxide particles (Aluminum Oxide C manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) having an average primary particle size of 13 nm were used instead of the surface-treated titanium oxide used in this example, and the concentration of the solid content was 8
- a coating solution G for forming an undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the weight ratio of the aluminum oxide particle Z-copolymerized polyamide was 1 Z1, and the solid content concentration was 0.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- a coating liquid H for forming an undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was not dispersed using an Ultra Apex mill, and its solid content concentration was adjusted to 0.015% by weight (metal oxide).
- the physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the particle concentration was 0.011% by weight. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- a coating liquid I for forming the undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the ball used for ball mill dispersion in Comparative Example 1 was a Zirco Your Ball (YTZ manufactured by Nitsukato Co., Ltd.) having a diameter of about 5 mm.
- the physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a coating layer for forming an undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the weight ratio of the surface-treated acid / titanium Z copolymerized polyamide used in Comparative Example 1 was 2Z1, and the solid content concentration was adjusted.
- the difference between the absorbance with respect to light with a wavelength of 400 nm and the absorbance with respect to light with a wavelength lOOOnm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the concentration was 0.015 wt% (metal oxide particle concentration, 0.01 wt%).
- the results are shown in Table 3. [0156] ⁇ Comparative Example 4>
- Undercoat layer forming coating solution K was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the weight ratio of the surface-treated acid-titanium Z-copolymerized polyamide used in Comparative Example 1 was 4Z1, and the solid content concentration was The difference between the absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of 400 nm and the absorbance with respect to light having a wavelength of lOOOnm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.015 wt% (metal oxide particle concentration, 0.012 wt%) was measured. . The results are shown in Table 3.
- the undercoat layer forming coating solution L was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the liquid flow rate of the undercoat layer forming coating solution was changed to 30 kgZ hours, and the physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. .
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 instead of the surface-treated titanium oxide used in this example, Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. Aluminum Oxide C (aluminum oxide particles) with an average primary particle size of 13 nm was used, and the concentration of the solid content contained was 8. Same as Comparative Example 1 except that the weight ratio of the aluminum oxide particle Z-copolymerized polyamide is 1 Z1 and dispersed for 6 hours by an ultrasonic oscillator with an output of 600 w instead of dispersing with a ball mill. The wavelength was changed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the coating liquid N for forming the undercoat layer was prepared and its solid content concentration was 0.001% by weight (metal oxide particle concentration, 0.0007% by weight). The difference between the absorbance for light at 400 nm and the absorbance for light at a wavelength of 1000 ⁇ m was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. [0160] ⁇ Evaluation of specular reflectance>
- the thickness shown in Table 4 is adjusted so that the film thickness after drying is 2 m.
- the undercoat layer was formed by applying and drying the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the reflectance of the undercoat layer at 400 nm or 480 nm was measured with a multi-spectrophotometer (MCPD-3000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- a halogen lamp is used as the light source, and the tip of the optical fiber cable installed in the light source and detector is placed 2 mm away from the surface of the undercoat layer in the vertical direction. , And the light reflected in the opposite direction of the coaxial was detected.
- the undercoat layer is applied, the reflected light is measured on the surface of the aluminum cutting tube. Using this value as 100%, the reflected light on the surface of the undercoat layer is measured. ).
- the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer produced by the method of the present invention forms a uniform undercoat layer with high liquid stability because the average particle diameter is small and the particle diameter distribution width is small. In addition, the viscosity change is small and the stability is high even after long-term storage. In addition, since the undercoat layer formed by coating the undercoat layer forming coating solution has high uniformity, it is difficult to scatter light, so that the regular reflectance is high.
- Dispersion treatment was performed for 2 hours with a grind mill to prepare a dispersion. Subsequently, this dispersion and 10 parts of polyvinyl petital (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “Denkabutyral” # 6000C), 253 parts of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 85 parts of 4-methoxy— 4-Methylpentanone 1-2 was mixed, and 234 parts of 1,2-dimethoxyethane were further mixed, followed by treatment with an ultrasonic disperser. Thereafter, the mixture was filtered with a PTFE membrane filter having a pore diameter of 5 m (Advantec Mytecs LC) to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. This charge generation layer coating solution was applied by dip coating and dried to form a charge generation layer on the undercoat layer such that the film thickness after drying was 0.
- polyvinyl petital manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “D
- a coating solution for charge transport layer in which 0.05 part of silicone oil was dissolved in 640 parts of tetrahydrofuran Z toluene (8Z2) mixed solvent, was applied so that the film thickness after drying was 17; Air dried for 25 minutes. Further, it was dried at 125 ° C. for 20 minutes to provide a charge transport layer to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor is designated as photoreceptor P1.
- the dielectric breakdown strength of this photoreceptor P1 was measured as follows. That is, the photoconductor is fixed in an environment with a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%, and a volume resistivity is about 2 ⁇ ⁇ 'cm, and a charging roller that is about 2cm shorter than the drum length is pressed against the DC roller. — 3kV was applied and the time until dielectric breakdown was measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the photoconductor is mounted on an electrophotographic characteristic evaluation apparatus (following electrophotographic technology basics and applications, edited by the Electrophotographic Society, Corona, pages 404-405) manufactured according to the Electrophotographic Society measurement standard. Then, after charging the surface potential to 700 V, a 780 nm laser beam was irradiated at an intensity of 5.0 / zjZcm 2 . Measure the surface potential 100ms after exposure in an environment of 25 ° C50% (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NN environment) and at a temperature of 5 ° C and 10% relative humidity (hereinafter also referred to as LL environment). did. The results are shown in Table 5.
- a photoconductor P2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the undercoat layer was provided so that the thickness of the undercoat layer was. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor P2 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- Example 10 As in Example 10, except that the coating liquid A2 was used as the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer. Thus, photoconductor P3 was produced. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor P3 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoreceptor Q1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution B described in Example 2 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed.
- the surface shape of this subbing layer is measured in Wave mode by Micromap of Ryoji System Co., Ltd., measurement wavelength 552 nm, objective lens magnification 40 times, measurement surface 190 m X 148 ⁇ m, background shape correction (Term) cylinder
- the value of in-plane root mean square roughness (RMS) is 43.2 nm
- the in-plane arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 30.7 nm
- the value of (P ⁇ V) was 744 nm.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor Q 1 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoconductor Q2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the undercoat layer was provided so that the thickness of the undercoat layer was. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor Q2 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoconductor Q3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the coating solution E was used as the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor Q3 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoreceptor R1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution C described in Example 3 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. The results of evaluating the photoreceptor R1 in the same manner as in Example 10 are shown in Table 5. ⁇ Example 17>
- a photoconductor R2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the undercoat layer was provided so that the thickness of the undercoat layer was. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed.
- the results of evaluating the photoreceptor R2 in the same manner as in Example 10 are shown in Table 5.
- a photoconductor R3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the coating liquid C2 was used as a coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor R3 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoreceptor S1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution D described in Example 4 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the undercoat layer forming coating solution D described in Example 4 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed.
- the surface shape of the undercoat layer was measured in the same manner as in Example 13
- the in-plane root mean square roughness (RMS) value was 25.5 nm
- the in-plane arithmetic average roughness (Ra ) was 17.7 nm
- the value of the maximum in-plane roughness (P ⁇ V) was 510 nm.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor S1 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- Photoreceptor S2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the undercoat layer was provided so that the thickness of the undercoat layer was. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor S2 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoreceptor S3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the coating liquid D2 was used as the coating liquid for forming the undercoat layer. In this case, when the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, almost no aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor S3 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoreceptor T1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution H described in Comparative Example 1 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the undercoat layer forming coating solution H described in Comparative Example 1 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the surface of the undercoat layer at this time was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, a large number of titanium oxide aggregates were observed.
- the surface shape of the undercoat layer at this time was measured in the same manner as in Example 13, the in-plane root mean square roughness (RMS) value was 148.4 nm, and the in-plane arithmetic average roughness was The value of the roughness (Ra) was 95.3 nm, and the value of the maximum in-plane roughness (P—V) was 256 5 nm.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor T1 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- Photoreceptor T2 was produced in the same manner as Comparative Example 6 except that the undercoat layer was provided so that the thickness of the undercoat layer was. When the surface of the undercoat layer at this time was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, a large number of titanium oxide aggregates were observed. Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor T2 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- Photoreceptor T3 was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6, except that the above-described coating basket was used as the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer.
- the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, a large number of acid-titanium aggregates were observed.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the photoreceptor T3 in the same manner as in Example 10.
- a photoreceptor U1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution I described in Comparative Example 2 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution. When the surface of the undercoat layer at this time was observed with a scanning electron microscope in the same manner as in Example 10, a large number of titanium oxide aggregates were observed. Photoreceptor U1 had a strong undercoat layer component and uneven thickness, and was unable to evaluate the electronic properties. [Table 5]
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a uniform undercoat layer without aggregation and the like, and the variation in potential due to environmental differences is small, and the dielectric breakdown resistance is also excellent.
- the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer As the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer, the coating solution B for forming the undercoat layer described in Example 2 was used, and dip coating was performed on an aluminum cutting tube having an outer diameter of 30 mm, a length of 285 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.8 mm. Was applied so that the film thickness after drying was 2.4 m and dried to form an undercoat layer. When the surface of the undercoat layer was observed with a scanning electron microscope, almost no agglomerates were observed.
- the undercoat layer 94. 2 cm 2 was immersed in a mixed liquid for methanol 70cm 3, 1-propanol 30 cm 3, an undercoat layer dispersion was sonicated for 5 minutes using an ultrasonic oscillator output 600W
- the particle size distribution of secondary particles of metal oxide aggregates in the dispersion was measured by the same method as in Example 1. As a result, the volume average particle size was 0.078 m, and the cumulative 90% Particle size was 0.108 / zm.
- the charge generation layer coating solution prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 was applied by dip coating so that the film thickness after drying on the undercoat layer was 0.4 m, and dried to obtain a charge. A generation layer was formed.
- the photosensitive layer 94.2 cm 2 of this electrophotographic photosensitive member was immersed in 100 cm 3 of tetrahydrofuran, dissolved and removed by ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes using an ultrasonic transmitter with an output of 600 W, and then the same part was treated with 70 cm 3 of methanol.
- 1-Propanol was immersed in a mixing solution of 30 cm 3 and subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes with an ultrasonic transmitter with an output of 600 W to obtain an undercoat layer dispersion.
- the particle size distribution of the metal oxide aggregate secondary particles in the dispersion was measured by the same method as in Example 1, the volume average particle size was 0.079 m, and the cumulative 90% particle size was 0. It was 124 m.
- the produced photoreceptor was mounted on a cartridge of a color printer (product name: Intercolor LP-1500C) manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation, and a full color image was formed. As a result, a good image was obtained. Obtained image 1. Table 6 shows the number of minute color points observed in a 6 cm square.
- Example 22 A full color image was formed in the same manner as in Example 22 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution D described in Example 4 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution, and a good image was obtained. I was able to. Obtained images 1.
- Table 6 shows the number of minute color points observed in a 6 cm square.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 22 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution H described in Comparative Example 1 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has very excellent performance with good photoreceptor characteristics, resistance to dielectric breakdown, and few image defects such as color points.
- the photoconductor Q1 prepared in Example 13 was fixed in an environment of 25 ° C and 50%, and a charging roller with a volume resistivity of about 2 ⁇ ⁇ 'cm and shorter than the drum length by about 2cm was pressed against it.
- DC voltage 1.5kV is applied for 1 minute after applying DC voltage lkV for 1 minute and the voltage is decreased by 0.5kV each time it is applied in the same manner, DC voltage 4.5kV When the voltage was applied, dielectric breakdown occurred.
- dielectric breakdown occurred when a DC voltage of 4.5 kV was applied.
- a DC voltage was applied to the photoconductor in the same manner as in Example 25 except that the photoconductor T1 prepared in Comparative Example 6 was used instead of the photoconductor Q1 prepared in Example 13. 3. When 5 kV was applied, dielectric breakdown occurred.
- Example 27 The photoconductor Q1 produced in Example 13 was mounted on a Samsung printer ML1430 and image formation was repeated until image defects due to dielectric breakdown were observed at a printing density of 5%. Even after formation, no image defects were observed.
- the photoconductor T1 produced in Comparative Example 6 was mounted on a Samsung printer ML1430, and image formation was repeated until image defects due to dielectric breakdown were observed at a print density of 5%, forming 35,000 images. At that time, image defects were observed.
- Coating solution B for forming the undercoat layer is applied onto an aluminum cutting tube with an outer diameter of 24 mm, a length of 236.5 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.75 mm so that the film thickness after drying is 2 m. And dried to form a lower bow I layer.
- a charge generating material represented by the following formula,
- Coating resin A coating solution for forming a charge generation layer having a concentration of 4.0 wt% was prepared. This charge generation layer forming coating solution is dip coated on the undercoat layer so that the film thickness after drying is 0.6 m, and then dried to form the charge generation layer. Made.
- An electrophotographic characteristic evaluation apparatus prepared from the electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained as described above in accordance with the standard of the Electrophotographic Society (Continuing Electrophotographic Technology Fundamentals and Applications, Electrophotographic Society, Corona, 40 pages 4 to 405 In accordance with the following procedures, the electrical characteristics were evaluated by charging, exposure, potential measurement, and static elimination.
- the Scorotron charger is charged with a grid voltage of 800V to charge the photoreceptor.
- the initial surface potential of the photoreceptor was measured.
- irradiate the halogen lamp with 450 nm monochromatic light with an interference filter measure the irradiation energy jZcm 2 ) when the surface potential is 350 V, and set this value as the sensitivity E1Z2.
- initial charge collector position is - 708V
- sensitivity E1Z2 was 3. 288 / zjZcm 2.
- the initial charging potential has a higher value of V ⁇ (the absolute value of the potential is larger! / ⁇ ), and the chargeability is better. The smaller the value is, the higher the sensitivity is.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 28 except that the undercoat layer forming coating solution H described in Comparative Example 1 was used as the undercoat layer forming coating solution.
- the initial charging potential was 696 V
- the sensitivity E1Z2 was 3. 304 ⁇ / cm (?
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has an exposure wavelength of 350 ⁇ ! Excellent sensitivity when exposed to monochromatic light at ⁇ 600nm.
- the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer of the present invention can produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an undercoat layer formed by coating the coating solution having high storage stability with high quality and high efficiency. Since the electrophotographic photosensitive member is excellent in durability stability and hardly causes image defects, an image forming apparatus using the photosensitive member can form a high-quality image. Further, according to the method for producing a coating solution, the coating solution for forming the undercoat layer can be efficiently produced, and a coating solution for forming the undercoat layer having higher storage stability can be obtained. A quality electrophotographic photoreceptor can be obtained.
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- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
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EP05788341.5A EP1813991B1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-10-03 | Coating liquid for undercoating layer formation, and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoating layer formed by coating of said coating liquid |
KR1020077009761A KR101256243B1 (ko) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-10-03 | 언더코팅층 형성용 도포액 및 그 도포액을 도포하여 이루어지는 언더코팅층을 갖는 전자 사진 감광체 |
US11/719,817 US8178264B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-10-03 | Coating fluid for forming undercoat layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed by applying said coating fluid |
US12/612,982 US8399165B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2009-11-05 | Coating fluid for forming undercoat layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed by Applying said coating fluid |
US12/613,023 US8415079B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2009-11-05 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer |
US13/188,743 US20110280622A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2011-07-22 | Coating fluid for forming undercoat layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed by applying said coating fluid |
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JP2004-336424 | 2004-11-19 | ||
JP2004336424 | 2004-11-19 |
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US11/719,817 A-371-Of-International US8178264B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-10-03 | Coating fluid for forming undercoat layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed by applying said coating fluid |
US12/613,023 Division US8415079B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2009-11-05 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer |
US12/612,982 Division US8399165B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2009-11-05 | Coating fluid for forming undercoat layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed by Applying said coating fluid |
US13/188,743 Continuation US20110280622A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2011-07-22 | Coating fluid for forming undercoat layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed by applying said coating fluid |
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US (4) | US8178264B2 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP2196860B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4983952B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101256243B1 (ja) |
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US8394559B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2013-03-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Coating liquid for forming undercoat layer, photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed of the coating liquid, image-forming apparatus including the photoreceptor, and electrophotographic cartridge including the photoreceptor |
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2005
- 2005-10-03 EP EP10003600.3A patent/EP2196860B1/en active Active
- 2005-10-03 US US11/719,817 patent/US8178264B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-03 CN CN2009101398462A patent/CN101592878B/zh active Active
- 2005-10-03 EP EP10003599.7A patent/EP2196859B1/en active Active
- 2005-10-03 WO PCT/JP2005/018308 patent/WO2006054397A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-10-03 CN CNB200580039854XA patent/CN100533280C/zh active Active
- 2005-10-03 CN CN2009101503878A patent/CN101587309B/zh active Active
- 2005-10-03 CN CN200910150392A patent/CN101794091A/zh active Pending
- 2005-10-03 EP EP05788341.5A patent/EP1813991B1/en active Active
- 2005-10-03 KR KR1020077009761A patent/KR101256243B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2009
- 2009-11-05 US US12/613,023 patent/US8415079B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-05 US US12/612,982 patent/US8399165B2/en active Active
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2010
- 2010-04-02 JP JP2010085884A patent/JP4983952B2/ja active Active
- 2010-04-02 JP JP2010085883A patent/JP4983951B2/ja active Active
- 2010-04-02 JP JP2010085882A patent/JP5041023B2/ja active Active
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2011
- 2011-07-22 US US13/188,743 patent/US20110280622A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US8974998B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2015-03-10 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Method of image forming with a photoreceptor and toner |
JP2007334335A (ja) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-12-27 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 電子写真感光体、画像形成装置及び電子写真カートリッジ |
US8323861B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2012-12-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image-forming apparatus, and electrophotographic cartridge |
US8404411B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2013-03-26 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image-forming apparatus, and electrophotographic cartridge |
US8420283B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2013-04-16 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Coating liquid for forming undercoat layer, method for preparing coating liquid for forming undercoat layer, electrophotographic photoreceptor, image-forming apparatus, and electrophotographic cartridge |
JP2007334330A (ja) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-12-27 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 下引き層を形成するための塗布液、下引き層を形成するための塗布液の製造方法、電子写真感光体、画像形成装置及び電子写真カートリッジ |
US8394559B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2013-03-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Coating liquid for forming undercoat layer, photoreceptor having undercoat layer formed of the coating liquid, image-forming apparatus including the photoreceptor, and electrophotographic cartridge including the photoreceptor |
US20110244381A1 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-10-06 | Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoconductor, manufacturing method thereof, and electrophotographic device |
US9081319B2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2015-07-14 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoconductor, manufacturing method thereof, and electrophotographic device |
JP2014145841A (ja) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-08-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置 |
TWI834899B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2024-03-11 | 日商理光股份有限公司 | 電子裝置及其製造方法、影像形成方法及影像形成設備 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101061438A (zh) | 2007-10-24 |
EP2196860B1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
EP2196859A3 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
CN101592878A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1813991B1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
US8178264B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
EP2196859A2 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
JP5041023B2 (ja) | 2012-10-03 |
JP2010152406A (ja) | 2010-07-08 |
EP1813991A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
US8415079B2 (en) | 2013-04-09 |
US20100054810A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
CN101587309A (zh) | 2009-11-25 |
EP2196859B1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
JP4983951B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
CN100533280C (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
CN101587309B (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
US20090162097A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
EP2196860A3 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
JP4983952B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
KR101256243B1 (ko) | 2013-04-17 |
US8399165B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
CN101794091A (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
KR20070087553A (ko) | 2007-08-28 |
CN101592878B (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
US20110280622A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
JP2010191455A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
US20100046985A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
JP2010160515A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
EP1813991A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
EP2196860A2 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
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