WO2005093518A1 - 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005093518A1 WO2005093518A1 PCT/JP2005/006418 JP2005006418W WO2005093518A1 WO 2005093518 A1 WO2005093518 A1 WO 2005093518A1 JP 2005006418 W JP2005006418 W JP 2005006418W WO 2005093518 A1 WO2005093518 A1 WO 2005093518A1
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- photosensitive member
- layer
- electrophotographic photosensitive
- peripheral surface
- electrophotographic photoreceptor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/75—Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
- G03G5/047—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0567—Other polycondensates comprising oxygen atoms in the main chain; Phenol resins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
- G03G5/06144—Amines arylamine diamine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0618—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0625—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being three- or four-membered
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0627—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered
- G03G5/0629—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered containing one hetero atom
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0627—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered
- G03G5/0633—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered containing three hetero atoms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0635—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered
- G03G5/0638—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered containing two hetero atoms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0635—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered
- G03G5/064—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered containing three hetero atoms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0644—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings
- G03G5/0646—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system
- G03G5/0648—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system containing two relevant rings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/07—Polymeric photoconductive materials
- G03G5/071—Polymeric photoconductive materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
Definitions
- Electrophotographic photosensitive member manufacturing method of electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the photosensitive layer (organic light-sensitive layer) using an organic material as the photoconductive substance (charge generation substance and charge transport substance) is used as a cylindrical support because of its advantages such as low cost and high productivity.
- an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor because of its advantages such as high sensitivity and high durability, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation substance such as a photoconductive dye or a photoconductive pigment, and a photoconductive polymer or a photoconductive small molecule
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer formed by laminating a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting substance such as a compound, that is, a so-called laminated photosensitive layer is mainly used.
- electrophotographic photoreceptor a cylindrical one in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a cylindrical support is generally used.
- the outer surface (surface) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is charged with electric external force such as charging (primary charging), exposure (image exposure), development with toner, transfer to paper or other transfer material, and cleaning of untransferred toner.
- electric external force such as charging (primary charging), exposure (image exposure), development with toner, transfer to paper or other transfer material, and cleaning of untransferred toner.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor is required to have durability against these external forces. Specifically, durability against the occurrence of surface scratches and wear due to these external forces, that is, scratch resistance and wear resistance, are required.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 02-127652 discloses that a cured layer using a curable resin as a binder resin is a surface layer (a layer located on the outermost surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, in other words, a layer farthest from the support.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed.
- JP-A-05-216249 and JP-A-07-072640 disclose that a monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond and a charge-transporting monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond have a heat or light energy.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge transporting cured layer formed by curing and polymerization as a surface layer.
- JP-A-2000-066424 and JP-A-2000-066425 disclose a method in which a hole-transporting compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group in the same molecule is cured and polymerized by the energy of an electron beam.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge transporting hardening layer as a surface layer is disclosed.
- the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor be a hardened layer, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the surface layer.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor is used in a ningko photographic image forming process including a charging step, an exposure step, a developing step, a transfer step, and a cleaning step.
- a cleaning step of cleaning the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by removing toner remaining on the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the transfer step that is, a so-called untransferred toner
- This is an important step in obtaining clear images.
- a transfer blade is brought into contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member to eliminate a gap between the cleaning blade and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, thereby preventing a toner from slipping off, thereby removing transfer residue. How to get rid of the tongue It has become mainstream due to advantages such as cost and ease of design.
- toner when performing full-color image formation, toner is used in monochrome because the desired color is reproduced by overlaying toners of multiple colors such as magenta, cyan, yellow, and black. Therefore, the cleaning method using a cleaning blade is optimal.
- the cleaning method using a cleaning blade has a drawback that the cleaning blade is apt to vibrate due to a large frictional force between the cleaning blade and the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the chatter of the cleaning blade is a phenomenon in which the cleaning blade vibrates due to an increase in frictional resistance between the cleaning blade and the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. This is a phenomenon in which the cleaning blade is reversed in the moving direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the surface layer of an organic electrophotographic photosensitive member is generally formed by a dip coating method, but the surface of the surface layer formed by the dip coating method, that is, the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is very smooth. Therefore, the contact area between the cleaning blade and the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member increases, and the frictional resistance between the cleaning blade and the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member increases.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-226226 discloses a technique for roughening the peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by incorporating particles in a surface layer.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-094772 discloses a technique for roughening the peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor by polishing the surface of a surface layer using a metal wire brush. Is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H09-099060 discloses a reversal of a cleaning blade, which causes a problem when used in an electrophotographic apparatus having a specific process speed or higher by using a specific cleaning means and toner. There is disclosed a technique for roughening the peripheral surface of an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor in order to solve the problem of chipping and chipping of an edge portion. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H02-1395956 discloses a technique for roughening the peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by polishing the surface of a surface layer using a film-like abrasive. It has been disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H02-150850 discloses a technique for roughening the peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by blasting. However, the details of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member thus roughened are unknown.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem of chattering and rounding of the cleaning blade.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the problem of the rubbing memory hardly occurs, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, have found that if the dimple-shaped concave portion is provided on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and a specific surface roughness is provided, the above problem can be effectively improved. Found, and led to the present invention.
- the present invention provides a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a cylindrical support and an organic photosensitive layer provided on the cylindrical support,
- the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions, and the ten-point average roughness Rzjis (A) measured by sweeping the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the circumferential direction is 0.3.
- the ten-point average roughness Rz jis (B) measured by sweeping in the generatrix direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is 0.3 to 2.5 m.
- the average interval RSm (C) of the asperities measured by sweeping the circumferential surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the circumferential direction is 5 to 12
- the average interval RSm (D) of the irregularities measured by sweeping in the generatrix direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 5 to 120 im
- the average interval RSm (D) of the irregularities is 5 to 120 im.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that the ratio (D / C) of the ratio of the unevenness to the average distance RSm (C) is 0.5 to 1.5.
- the present invention also provides the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein a surface layer forming step of forming a surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a surface of the surface layer is subjected to a dry blast treatment or a wet honing treatment. Forming a dimple-shaped recess on the surface of the surface layer.
- the present invention integrally supports the electrophotographic photosensitive member or the electrophotographic photosensitive member manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit.
- the process cartridge is detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus.
- the present invention is characterized in that it has the electrophotographic photoreceptor or the electrophotographic photoreceptor manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit and a cleaning unit.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the above-described problem of chattering of a cleaning blade and a problem of a rubbing memory hardly occur, and a process cartridge and an electrophotograph having the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Equipment can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a dry blasting device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of an output chart of a fish scope HI 00 V (manufactured by Fischer).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an output chart of a fish scope H 100 V (manufactured by Fischer).
- FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H and 4I are diagrams showing examples of the layer constitution of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view (one example) of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor (organic electrophotographic photoreceptor) having a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface.
- the total area of the dimple-shaped concave portions is preferably larger than the total area of the non-dimple-shaped concave portions (the portions that remain on the reference surface before roughening).
- the dimple-shaped recesses exist in isolation.
- the dimple-shaped recesses do not form a streak in the circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member or in the generatrix direction (rotation axis direction).
- the stripes When the stripes are formed, a low-resistance substance such as a charge product is accumulated in the stripes, and when used in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment for a long time, a stripe-shaped image defect is likely to occur.
- the elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member increases. Specifically, the elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 40% or more. Is particularly noticeable when it is 45% or more, and even 50% or more.
- the concave portion does not spread in a specific direction (since the concave portion is not a stripe but a dimple), so that the path of the electrostatic latent image flows. Less, the electrostatic latent image is less likely to flow.
- the number of the dimple-shaped recesses whose major axis is in the range of 1 to 50 and whose depth is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 is within the dimple-shaped recesses. 1 of the peripheral surface of the 0 0 0 0 m 2 (1 0 0 ⁇ mX 1 0 0 zm) per 5
- the number is preferably up to 50, and more preferably 5 to 40.
- the total area of the dimple-shaped recesses having the longest diameter in the range of 1 to 50 im and the depth in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 m among the dimple-shaped recesses is as follows. It is preferably 3 to 60% (the area ratio of the dimple-shaped concave portion) with respect to the entire area of the peripheral surface of the photoreceptor, and more preferably 3 to 50%. That's right.
- the average aspect ratio of the dimple-shaped recesses having the longest diameter in the range of 1 to 50 m and the depth in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 m among the dimple-shaped recesses Is preferably 0.50 to 0.95.
- image deletion may occur when used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.
- the measurement of the dimple-shaped concave portion on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is performed as follows using a surface profile measuring system manufactured by Ryoka Systems Co., Ltd. using a surfac e Explorer SX_52 ODR type machine. I went.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor to be measured was placed on a work table, tilt was adjusted to level, and the three-dimensional shape data of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor was captured in wave mode.
- the magnification of the objective lens was set to 50 times, and a visual field observation of 100 mX IOOO m (10000 im 2 ) was performed.
- the contour data of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was displayed using the particle analysis program in the data analysis software.
- the hole analysis parameters for determining the dimple shape and area of the concave part are as follows: the upper limit of the longest diameter is 50 ⁇ m, the lower limit of the longest diameter is l ⁇ m, the lower limit of the depth is 0.1 xm, and the lower limit of the volume is l wm 3 It was above. Then, the number of concave portions that can be determined to be dimple-shaped on the analysis screen was counted, and this was defined as the number of dimple-shaped concave portions. The observation was performed in a visual field of 100 ⁇ 100 m (10000 urn 2 ).
- the total area of the dimple-shaped concave portions is calculated from the sum of the areas of the dimple-shaped concave portions obtained using the particle analysis program. From the total area Z total area) XI 0 0 [%] ", the area ratio of the dimple-shaped concave portion was calculated. The total area is 1 It was set to 0 0 0 0 xm 2 (1 00 ⁇ mx 1 0 0 / xm).
- the average value of the aspect ratio of the concave portion of each dimple shape that can be identified by the same visual field and analysis conditions as above was calculated, and this was defined as the average aspect ratio of the concave portion of the dimple shape.
- a method of forming a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor there is no limitation on a method of forming a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- the method for example, after forming a surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, A method of forming dimple-shaped recesses on the surface of the surface layer by subjecting the surface of the layer to dry blasting or wet honing treatment.
- dry blasting is preferable because the electrophotographic photosensitive member sensitive to humidity conditions can be roughened without contact with a solvent such as water.
- Examples of the dry blasting method include a method of injecting particles (abrasive particles) using compressed air and causing the particles to collide with the surface of the surface layer, and a method of using a motor to drive the particles (abrasive particles).
- a method of injecting the particles and colliding the particles with the surface of the surface layer may be used, but compressed air is used in that the roughening can be performed under precise control and the facility is simple. The method is preferred.
- Examples of the material of the particles (abrasive particles) used in the dry blast treatment include ceramics such as aluminum oxide, zirconia, silicon carbide, and glass; metals such as stainless steel, iron, and zinc; polyamide resins; And epoxy resins, polyester resins and the like. Among these, ceramics are preferred from the viewpoint of roughening efficiency and cost, and aluminum oxide, zirconia and glass are more preferred.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a dry blasting device.
- the particles (abrasive particles) stored in a container are guided to an injection nozzle 101 from a path 104, and are injected using compressed air introduced from a path 103.
- 105 is the ejected particles (abrasive particles).
- the distance between the injection nozzle 101 and the workpiece 107 is determined by adjusting the nozzle fixing jigs 102 and 109 and the arm.
- the injection nozzle support member 108 supporting the injection nozzle 101 moves in the rotation axis direction of the work 107
- the injection nozzle 101 moves in the rotation axis direction of the work 107.
- the surface of the workpiece 107 is roughened.
- the shortest distance between the injection nozzle 101 and the peripheral surface of the work 107 needs to be adjusted to an appropriate interval. If the distance is too close or too far, the processing efficiency may decrease or the desired roughening may not be performed.
- the pressure of the compressed air used to inject the particles (abrasive particles) also needs to be adjusted to an appropriate pressure.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor before the dry blasting is applied.
- Universal hardness value of the surface of the surface layer (HU) is preferably in the range of 1 5 0 ⁇ 2 2 O NZmm 2, further more preferably in the range of 1 6 0 ⁇ 2 0 O NZmm 2 .
- the elastic deformation rate of the surface of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor before performing the dry blast treatment is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more, and more preferably 50% or more. It is even more preferable that the content be 65% or less.
- the surface of the cylindrical support (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “support”) or the difference between the support and the surface layer is preferred.
- a surface roughening treatment such as a dry blast treatment
- the surface layer may be subjected to the above-described surface roughening process. preferable.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions formed on the peripheral surface thereof, so that the Rzjis (A) And Rz jis (B) are in the range of 0.3 to 2.5 urn, respectively, as specified above, and RSm (C) and RSm (D) are each 5 to 120 m as specified above.
- the ratio (D / C) of the ratio of RSm (D) to RSm (C) is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 as specified above, Rz jis (A) and Rz jis (B) are preferably in the range of 0.4 to 2.0 m, respectively, and RSm (C) and RSm (D) are It is preferably in the range of ⁇ 100 m, and the ratio value (DZC) of RSm (D) to RSm (C) is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.2.
- Rz jis (A) and Rz jis (B) are too small, the effects of the present invention will be poor, and if too large, the output image will have roughness due to the roughness of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, The toner is more likely to slip through the cleaning blade, resulting in reduced cleaning performance.
- the fact that the ratio (DZC) of the ratio of RSm (D) to RSm (C) is within the above-mentioned specific range means that the dimple-shaped recesses extend in the circumferential direction and the generatrix direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Means not in a state.
- the height of the convex portion on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is smaller than the depth of the concave portion. If the protrusions are too high, cleaning failure may occur, or the local frictional resistance to the cleaning blade may increase, and the edge of the cleaning blade may be damaged, especially when used repeatedly for a long period of time.
- the maximum peak height Rp (F) of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferably 0.6 m or less, more preferably 0.4 m or less.
- Rv (E) The value of the ratio (E / F) to Rp (F) is preferably 1.2 or more, and more preferably 1.5 or more.
- the measurements of Rz jis (A) and Rz jis (B) ⁇ RSm (C) and RSm (D) and Rv (E) and Rp (F) are all based on JI SB 0601-2001.
- the surface roughness was measured by using a surface roughness measuring instrument (SAF-CODER SE3500, manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd.).
- the present invention works most effectively when applied to an electrophotographic photoreceptor whose peripheral surface is not easily worn.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor whose peripheral surface does not easily wear out has high durability, but on the other hand, the problem of chattering and scratching of the cleaning blade and the problem of rubbing memory become remarkable.
- Yuniba one monkey hardness value of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member (HU) is preferably 15 ONZmm 2 or more, more further preferably not 16 ONZmm 2 or more.
- the above-mentioned peripheral surface shape has little change from the initial stage to after repeated use, and the initial cleaning is performed even after long-term repeated use. Characteristics can be maintained.
- the universal hardness value (HU) of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is preferably 22 ONZmm 2 or less, Furthermore, it is more preferable that it is 20 ONZmm 2 or less.
- the elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more, and still more preferably 50% or more.
- the elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the body is preferably 65% or less.
- the universal hardness value (HU) is too large, or if the elastic deformation rate is too small, the elastic force on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is insufficient, so that the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the cleaning blade may Paper dust and toner interposed between the surfaces of the electrophotographic photoreceptor rub against the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Accompanying this, abrasion tends to occur.
- the universal hardness value (HU) is too large, even if the elastic deformation rate is high, the amount of elastic deformation is small, and as a result, a large pressure is applied to a local portion of the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. As a result, deep scratches easily occur on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor are measured at 25 ° CZ 50% RH in a microscopic hardness tester, Fisco Scope HI 00. It is a value measured using V (manufactured by Fisc 'her).
- the HI 00 V of this scope is obtained by applying an indenter to the object to be measured (peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member), continuously applying a load to the indenter, and directly reading the indentation depth under the load. It is a device that requires continuous hardness.
- a Vickers quadrangular pyramid diamond indenter having a facing angle of 1 36 ° is used as an indenter, the indenter is pressed against the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the final load applied to the indenter continuously (final load).
- final load was 6 mN
- time (holding time) for maintaining the state where the final load of 6 mN was applied to the indenter was 0.1 second.
- the number of measurement points was 273.
- FIG. 2 shows an outline of the output chart of the Fisher Scope HI 00 V (Fischer Shauning).
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an output chart of a fish scope H 100 V (manufactured by Fischer) when the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is measured.
- the vertical axis shows the load F (mN) applied to the indenter
- the horizontal axis shows the indentation depth h (pirn).
- Figure 2 shows that the load applied to the indenter was increased stepwise, the load was maximized (A ⁇ B), and then the load was reduced stepwise (B ⁇ C). The results are shown.
- Figure 3 shows the results when the load applied to the indenter was increased stepwise, finally the load was 6 mN, and then the load was reduced stepwise.
- the universal hardness value (HU) can be calculated from the indentation depth of the indenter when a final load of 6 mN is applied to the indenter by the following formula.
- HU means universal hardness (HU)
- F f means final load
- S f means the surface area of the part where the indenter was pushed when the final load was applied
- h f means the indentation depth of the indenter when the final load is applied.
- the elastic deformation rate is the work (energy) performed by the indenter on the measurement target (peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member), that is, the measurement of the indenter It can be obtained from the change in energy due to the increase or decrease of the load on the object (peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member).
- the value obtained by dividing the work of elastic deformation We by the total work Wt (We / Wt) is the elastic deformation rate.
- the total work Wt is the area of the area surrounded by A-B-D_A in Fig. 2, and the elastic deformation work We is surrounded by C-B- ⁇ -C in Fig. 2. It is the area of the area.
- the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member be a hardened layer.
- the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor must be formed by curing polymerization (polymerization with crosslinking) of a hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group.
- it is particularly effective to form the polymer by curing polymerization of a hole transporting compound having two or more chain polymerizable functional groups in the same molecule.
- the compound is preferably a hole transporting compound having three or more sequentially polymerizable functional groups in the same molecule.
- the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is coated with a hole-transporting compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a coating solution for a surface layer containing a solvent. It can be formed by curing and polymerizing and then curing the coating liquid for the surface layer applied in advance.
- a coating method such as a dip coating method (dip coating method), a spray coating method, a force coating method, or a spin coating method can be used.
- dip coating and spray coating are preferred from the viewpoint of efficiency and productivity.
- the surface layer coating solution may contain a polymerization initiator.
- a method for curing and polymerizing the hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group a method using radiation such as an electron beam, particularly an electron beam is preferable. This is because polymerization by radiation does not particularly require a polymerization initiator. It is possible to cure and polymerize a hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group without using a polymerization initiator. Thus, a very high-purity three-dimensional matrix surface layer can be formed, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor exhibiting good electrophotographic characteristics can be obtained. Further, among radiations, polymerization by an electron beam causes very little damage to an electrophotographic photosensitive member due to irradiation, and can exhibit good electrophotographic characteristics.
- a hole transport compound having a chain polymerizable functional group is cured and polymerized by irradiation with an electron beam to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention having a universal hardness value (HU) and an elastic deformation rate within the above ranges. It is important to consider the electron beam irradiation conditions. '
- Irradiation with an electron beam can be performed using an accelerator such as a scanning type, an electro-curtain type, a broad beam type, a pulse type, or a lamina type.
- the accelerating voltage is preferably 250 kV or less, particularly preferably 150 kV or less.
- the dose is preferably in the range 1 to: L 0 000 kG y (0.1 to 100 M rad), in particular 5 to 200 k G y (0.5 to 20 M rad). ) Is more preferable. If the acceleration voltage or the dose is too high, the electrical characteristics of the electrophotographic photoreceptor may deteriorate. When the dose is too small, the curing polymerization of the hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group becomes insufficient, and thus the curing of the surface layer coating liquid may become insufficient.
- an object to be irradiated (which is irradiated with an electron beam) during curing polymerization of a hole transporting compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group by an electron beam.
- the heating may be performed before, during, or after the irradiation with the electron beam, but the object to be irradiated is kept at a certain temperature while the radical of the hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group is present.
- the heating is preferably performed such that the temperature of the irradiation target is from room temperature to 250 ° C. (more preferably, 50 to 150 ° C.).
- the heating time is approximately It is preferably from several seconds to several tens of minutes, and specifically, preferably from 2 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the atmosphere at the time of electron beam irradiation and heating of the object to be irradiated may be in the air, in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium, or in a vacuum, but the deactivation of radicals due to oxygen can be suppressed. In that respect, inert gas or vacuum is preferred.
- the thickness of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferably 30 m or less, more preferably 20 m or less, and preferably 10 m or less from the viewpoint of electrophotographic characteristics. More preferably, it is more preferably 7 m or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the durability of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, it is preferably at least 0.5 zm, more preferably at least 1 m.
- chain polymerization refers to the former type of polymerization reaction when the production reaction of a polymer substance is largely divided into chain polymerization and sequential polymerization.
- the reaction type is mainly an intermediate such as radical or ion.
- the chain polymerizable functional group means a functional group capable of the above-mentioned reaction mode.
- examples of unsaturated polymerizable functional groups and ring-opening polymerizable functional groups having a wide range of application are shown.
- the specific examples of the unsaturated polymerizable functional groups are shown below.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or the like.
- the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group.
- the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and an anthryl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- Ring-opening polymerization is a reaction in which an unstable cyclic structure having a strain, such as a carbon ring, an oxo ring, or a nitrogen heterocycle, repeats polymerization simultaneously with ring opening to form a chain polymer. Most act as active species.
- a strain such as a carbon ring, an oxo ring, or a nitrogen heterocycle
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or the like.
- examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group.
- examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.
- examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- chain polymerizable functional groups exemplified above, a chain polymerizable functional group having a structure represented by the following formulas (1) to (3) is preferable.
- E 11 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, Represents a cyano group, a nitro group, -COOR 11 , or one CONR 12 R 13 .
- W 11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, —COO—, —O—, —0 ⁇ —, —S—, or CONR 14 —.
- RU ⁇ R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halo gen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted Ariru group, also substituted or unsubstituted Ararukiru group.
- the subscript X represents 0 or 1.
- examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
- alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, and a furyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, a furfuryl group, and a phenyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.
- Examples of the alkylene group include a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a butylene group.
- Examples of the arylene group include a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, and an anthracenylene group.
- Examples of the substituent which each of the above groups may have include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group, and a phenyl group.
- An aralkyl group such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, a furfuryl group, and a phenyl group; an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.
- arylo such as phenoxy and naphthoxy Examples include a xy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, and a hydroxyl group.
- R 2 1, R 2 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted Ariru group, or a substituted or unsubstituted Ararukiru group.
- the subscript Y represents an integer of 1 to 10.
- examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- Examples of the substituent which each of the above groups may have include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group, and a phenyl group. , Naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, and other aryl groups; benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl, furfuryl, phenyl, and other aralkyl groups; and methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy groups. And aryloxy groups such as a phenoxy group and a naphthoxy group.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group,
- R 3 1, R 3 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted Ariru group, or a substituted or unsubstituted Represents an aralkyl group.
- the subscript Z represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- Examples of the substituent which each of the above groups may have include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group, and a phenyl group. , Naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, and other aryl groups; benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl, furfuryl, phenyl, and other aralkyl groups; and methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy groups. And aryloxy groups such as a phenoxy group and a naphthoxy group.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group,
- chain polymerizable functional groups having the structures represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) are more preferable. preferable.
- the chain-polymerizable functional groups having the structure represented by the above formulas (P-1) to (P-11) the chain-polymerizable functional groups having the structure represented by the above formula (P-1), ie, clear A royloxy group is more preferable than a chain-polymerizable functional group having a structure represented by the above formula (P-2), that is, a methylacryloyloxy group.
- a hole transporting compound having two or more chain polymerizable functional groups (within the same molecule) is preferable.
- P 41 and P 42 each independently represent a chain-polymerizable functional group.
- R 41 represents a divalent group.
- a 41 represents a hole transporting group.
- the subscripts a, b, and d each independently represent an integer of 0 or more. However, a + bXd is 2 or more.
- a P 41 may be the same or different, and when b is 2 or more, b [R 41 — (P 42 ) J are the same. or different even, if d is 2 or more, d pieces of P 42 may be the different from one be the same.
- Examples in which (P 41 ) a and [R 41 — (P 42 ) d ] b in the above formula (4) are all replaced by hydrogen atoms include: oxazodile derivatives, oxazidazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, and triarylamines.
- R 51 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted It represents a substituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.
- Ar 51 and Ar 52 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, benzoquinolyl, galvazolyl, phenothiazinyl, benzofuryl, and benzoyl.
- Examples thereof include a thiophenyl group, a dibenzofuryl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group.
- R 51 in the above formula (5) is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- Examples of the substituent which each of the above groups may have include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group, and a phenyl group. , Naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, and other aryl groups; benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl, furfuryl, phenyl, and other aralkyl groups; and methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy groups.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group
- Aryloxy groups such as phenoxy group and naphthoxy group; substituted amino groups such as dimethylamino group, getylamino group, dibenzylamino group, diphenylamino group and di (p-tolyl) amino group; styryl group and naphthylvinyl group.
- a divalent group having a structure represented by the following formula (6) is preferable, and a divalent group having a structure represented by the following formula (7) is more preferable.
- n 6 represents an integer of 1 or more (preferably 5 or less).
- SO_ one S0 2 -, an oxygen atom or represents a sulfur atom.
- Ar 61 and Ar 62 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
- the subscripts P6, q6, r6, s6, and t6 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more (preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less). However, all of p6, Q6, r6, s6, and t6 are never zero.
- the arylechylene group preferably has 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group and the like.
- the arylene group includes two hydrogen atoms from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, penzothiophene, pyridine, quinoline, benzoquinoline, carbazole, phenothiazine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene. Valence groups.
- Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a thiophenyl group.
- substituents which each of the above groups may have include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, Halogen atom such as iodine atom, alkyl group such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, aryl group such as phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, pyrenyl group, benzyl group, phenethyl group, naphthylmethyl
- An aralkyl group such as a phenyl group, a furfuryl group or a phenyl group; an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group or a propoxy group; an aryloxy group such as a phenoxy group or a naphthoxy group; a dimethylamino group;
- Examples include a substituted amino group such as a diphenylamino group and a di (p-tolyl) amino group,
- Ar 71 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
- the subscripts p 7, q 7, and r 7 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more (preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less). However, p7, q7, and r7 are not all 0.
- the alkylene group preferably has 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 10, carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group and a propylene group.
- arylene groups two hydrogen atoms were taken from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzothiophene, pyridine, quinoline, benzoquinoline, carbazole, phenothiazine, ben, nofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, etc. And divalent groups.
- alkyl group include a methyl group, a methyl group, and a propyl group.
- the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a thiophenyl group.
- each of the above groups may have include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, A halogen atom such as an iodine atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl) group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, anthryl group and a pyrenyl group; a benzyl group and a phenethyl group; Aralkyl groups such as naphthylmethyl group, furfuryl group and phenyl group, alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group and proxy group, aryloxy groups such as phenoxy group and naphthoxy group, dimethylamino group and getylamino group; Substituted amino groups such as dibenzylamino group, diphenylamino group and di (p-toly
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a support (cylindrical support) and an organic photosensitive layer provided on the support (cylindrical support) (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “photosensitive layer”).
- photosensitive layer provided on the support (cylindrical support)
- the photosensitive layer is a single-layer type photosensitive layer containing a charge transport substance and a charge generation substance in the same layer, the charge generation layer containing the charge generation substance and the charge transport layer containing the charge transport substance are separated.
- a separated laminated (functionally separated) photosensitive layer may be used, but a laminated photosensitive layer is preferable from the viewpoint of electronic photographic characteristics.
- the laminated photosensitive layer includes a forward photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order from the support side, and an inverse layer photosensitive layer in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order from the support side.
- a normal layer type photosensitive layer is preferable from the viewpoint of electrophotographic properties.
- the charge generation layer may have a laminated structure, and the charge transport layer may have a laminated structure.
- FIG. 4A to 4I show examples of the layer constitution of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
- a layer containing a charge generating substance (charge generating layer) 44 1 on a support 41, and a layer containing a charge transporting substance (first layer) (Charge transport layer) 4 4 2 are provided in order, and a surface layer is formed thereon by polymerizing a hole transport compound having a chain polymerizable functional group.
- a layer (second charge transport layer) 45 is provided.
- a layer 44 containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance is provided on a support 41, and a surface layer is further provided thereon.
- a layer 45 formed by polymerizing a hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group is provided.
- a layer containing a charge generating substance (charge generating layer) 41 is provided on a support 41, and a surface layer is provided thereon.
- a layer 45 formed by polymerizing a hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group is directly provided.
- the support 41 and the layer containing the charge generating substance (charge generating layer) 44 1 or the layer 44 containing the charge generating substance and the charge transporting substance between them, an intermediate layer (also referred to as an “undercoat layer”) 43 having a barrier function and an adhesive function, a conductive layer 42 for preventing interference fringes, and the like may be provided.
- an intermediate layer also referred to as an “undercoat layer” 43 having a barrier function and an adhesive function, a conductive layer 42 for preventing interference fringes, and the like may be provided.
- any layer structure may be used (for example, a layer formed by polymerizing a hole transporting compound having a chain polymerizable functional group may be omitted).
- the surface layer is a layer formed by polymerizing a hole-transporting compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group, the layer structure shown in FIGS.
- the support may be any conductive material (conductive support), for example, metals such as iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, zinc, titanium, lead, nickel, tin, antimony, and indium. Supports can be used. Further, the above metal support or plastic support having a layer formed by coating a film of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, or the like by vacuum evaporation can also be used. In addition, a support in which conductive particles such as car pump racks, tin oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and silver particles are impregnated in plastic or paper with an appropriate binder resin, or a plastic made of conductive binder resin. Use a support, etc. You can also.
- conductive support for example, metals such as iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, zinc, titanium, lead, nickel, tin, antimony, and indium. Supports can be used. Further, the above metal support or plastic support having a layer formed by coating a film of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an indium oxide-tin
- the surface of the support may be subjected to a cutting treatment, a roughening treatment, an alumite treatment, or the like for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light or the like.
- a conductive layer for coating may be provided between the support and the photosensitive layer (charge generation layer, charge transport layer) or an intermediate layer described later, interference fringes due to scattering of laser light, etc.
- the conductive layer can be formed by dispersing conductive particles such as carbon black, metal particles, and metal oxide particles in a binder resin.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably from 1 to 40 m, more preferably from 2 to 20 m.
- an intermediate layer having a barrier function or an adhesive function may be provided between the support or the conductive layer and the photosensitive layer (charge generation layer, charge transport layer).
- the intermediate layer is formed for improving the adhesiveness of the photosensitive layer, improving the coating property, improving the charge injection property from the support, protecting the photosensitive layer against electrical breakdown, and the like.
- the intermediate layer is mainly composed of polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyacrylate resin, polyethylene resin, polystyrene resin, polybutadiene resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, polypropylene resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, acrylic resin, and silicone resin. , Epoxy resin, urea resin, aryl resin, alkyd resin, polyamide-imide resin, nylon resin, polysulfone resin, polyallyl ether resin, polyacetal resin, butyral resin, etc. Can be. Further, the intermediate layer may contain a metal or an alloy, or an oxide, salt, or surfactant thereof.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.05 to 7 z ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 m.
- Examples of the charge generating material used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include selenium tellurium, pyrylium, thiapyrylium dyes, various kinds of central metals and various kinds of Phthalocyanine pigments having the crystal system ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , X type, etc.), anthantrone pigments, dibenzpyrenequinone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, monoazo, disazo, trisazo, etc. Examples include azo pigments, indigo pigments, quinacridone pigments, asymmetric quinosine pigments, quinosine pigments, and amorphous silicon. These charge generating substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the charge transporting substance used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include, in addition to the above-described hole transporting compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group, a pyrene compound, a polyalkylcarbazole compound, a hydrazone compound, , ⁇ -dialkylaniline compounds, diphenylamine compounds, triphenylamine compounds, triphenylmethane compounds, pyrazoline compounds, styryl compounds, stilbene compounds and the like.
- the charge generation layer is coated with a coating liquid for a charge generation layer obtained by dispersing a charge generation substance together with a binder resin and a solvent. It can be formed by drying.
- the dispersion method include a method using a homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser, a pole mill, a vibrating pole mill, a sand mill, a roll mill, an attritor, and a liquid collision type high-speed disperser.
- the ratio of the charge generating substance in the charge generating layer is preferably from 0.1 to 100% by mass, more preferably from 10 to 80% by mass, based on the total mass of the binder resin and the charge generating material.
- the above-mentioned charge generation substance can be used alone to form a charge generation layer by a deposition method or the like.
- the thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably from 0.01 to 6 m, more preferably from 0.01 to 2 zm.
- the charge transport layer which is not the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, can be formed by applying a charge transport layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a charge transport material and a binder resin in a solvent and drying the applied solution. .
- a charge transport layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a charge transport material and a binder resin in a solvent and drying the applied solution.
- those having a film forming property alone can be formed as a charge transporting layer alone without using a binder resin.
- the proportion of the charge transport material in the charge transport layer is preferably 0.1 to 100% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, based on the total mass of the binder resin and the charge transport material. Is more preferable. Further, it is preferably from 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably from 30 to 90% by mass, based on the total mass of the charge transporting layer.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 to 70 m, more preferably 10 to 30 m. If the thickness of the charge transport layer is too thin, it is difficult to maintain the charging ability, and if it is too thick, the residual potential tends to increase.
- the layer is coated with a coating liquid for the layer obtained by dispersing the charge generation material and the charge transport material together with a binder resin and a solvent. Then, it can be formed by drying. Further, the thickness of the layer is preferably from 8 to 40 / m, and more preferably from 12 to 30 m.
- the ratio of the photoconductive substance (charge generating substance and charge transporting substance) in the layer is preferably 20 to 100% by mass relative to the total mass of the layer, and more preferably 30 to 100% by mass. More preferably, it is 90% by mass.
- binder resin used for the photosensitive layer examples include acrylic resin, aryl resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, petital resin, benzal resin, polyacrylate resin, Polyacetal resin, Polyamide-imide resin, Polyamide resin, Polyallyl ether resin, Polyarylate resin, Polyimide resin, Polyurethane resin, Polyester resin, Polyethylene resin, Polycarbonate resin, Polysulfone Resin, polystyrene resin, polybutadiene resin, polypropylene resin, urea resin and the like. These can be used alone, as a mixture or as a copolymer, alone or in combination of two or more.
- a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably from 0.01 to 10 m, and more preferably from 0.1 to 7 m.
- the protective layer it is preferable to use a curable resin or the like that is cured and polymerized by heating or irradiation with radiation.
- the resin monomer of the curable resin a resin monomer having a chain polymerizable functional group is preferable.
- the protective layer may contain a conductive material such as a metal and its oxide, nitride, salt, alloy, and carbon black. Examples of the metal include iron, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, aluminum, titanium, antimony, and indium.
- the conductive material is preferably dispersed and contained in the protective layer in the form of particles, and the particle size is preferably 0.01 to 5 m, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 / m. It is preferable that The proportion of the conductive material in the protective layer is preferably from 1 to 70% by mass, more preferably from 5 to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the protective layer. It is also possible to use a titanium coupling agent, a silane coupling agent, various surfactants, and the like as these dispersants. . ⁇
- an antioxidant, a photo-deterioration inhibitor and the like may be added to each layer constituting the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is added with various fluorinated compounds, silane compounds, metal oxides and the like for the purpose of improving the lubricity and water repellency of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Is also good. Further, these can be dispersed and contained in the protective layer as particles. Surfactants and the like can also be used as these dispersants.
- the proportion of the various additives in the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferably 1 to 70% by mass based on the total mass of the surface layer. More preferably, it is 5 to 50% by mass.
- the coating method can form layers having various compositions from a thin film layer to a thick film layer. Specifically, coating methods using a bar coater, knife coater, roll coater and attritor, dip coating, spray coating, beam coating, electrostatic coating, and powder coating Body coating method and the like.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is driven to rotate around an axis 2 in a direction indicated by an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed.
- the peripheral surface of the rotatably driven electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by a charging means (primary charging means: charging port, etc.) 3, and then slit exposure or laser beam It receives exposure light (image exposure light) 4 output from exposure means (not shown) such as scanning exposure.
- a charging means primary charging means: charging port, etc.
- exposure light image exposure light
- an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a target image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed with a toner contained in a developer of a developing unit 5 to form a toner image.
- the toner image formed and carried on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is transferred from a transfer material supply means (not shown) by a transfer bias from a transfer means (such as a transfer port) 6.
- the transfer material (paper or the like) P which is taken out and fed in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 between the and the transfer means 6 (contact portion) is sequentially transferred.
- the transfer material P to which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1, introduced into the fixing means 8, and subjected to image fixing to be printed out as an image formed product (print, copy) outside the apparatus. Be out.
- the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the transfer of the toner image is After the developer (toner) remaining after transfer is removed by a cleaning blade (7), the surface is cleaned, and after being subjected to static elimination by pre-exposure light (not shown) from pre-exposure means (not shown), Used repeatedly for image formation.
- pre-exposure light not shown
- the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.
- the charging means 3, the developing means 5, the transfer means 6, and the cleaning means 7, a plurality of components are put in a container, and the process force is integrally connected as a cartridge.
- the process cartridge may be detachably attached to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1, the charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 7 are integrally supported to form a force cartridge, and guide means such as rails of the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus 10
- the process force cartridge 9 is detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus by using the above.
- the cleaning means is a means for cleaning the transfer residual toner on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member using a cleaning blade
- the cleaning blade comes into contact with the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the pressure linear pressure
- the contact angle of the cleaning blend is preferably in the range of 20 to 30 °.
- FIG. 6 shows the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention measured at 100 mX 100 m (10000 urn 2 ) using a surface profile measuring system Surface Explorer SX-520DR manufactured by Ryoka Systems Inc.
- This is an example of an image processed by processing an image of a dimple-shaped recess obtained by observing in the visual field so that only the outline of the recess with a maximum diameter of 1 m or more and a depth of 0.1 m or more can be seen. is there.
- parts means “parts by mass”.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member used in Example 1 was produced as follows.
- an aluminum cylinder having a length of 370 mm, an outer diameter of 84 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm was manufactured by cutting using a JIS A303 aluminum alloy.
- the ten-point average roughness Rzjis measured by sweeping the surface (peripheral surface) of the manufactured aluminum cylinder in the generatrix direction was 0.08 m.
- This aluminum cylinder is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in pure water containing a detergent (trade name: Chemicol CT, manufactured by Tokiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), followed by washing off the cleaning liquid and then further to pure water.
- a detergent trade name: Chemicol CT, manufactured by Tokiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- titanium oxide particles having a coating film of tin oxide doped with antimony (trade name: Kronos ECT-62, manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.) and titanium oxide particles (trade name: titone SR-1 T, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- 60 parts, Resole-type phenolic resin (trade name: Phenolite J-325, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., 70% solids) 70 parts
- a solution comprising 50 parts of methoxy-11-propanol and 50 parts of methanol was dispersed in a Pall mill apparatus for 20 hours to prepare a coating solution for a conductive layer.
- the average particle size of the particles contained in the conductive layer coating solution was 0.25 m.
- This conductive layer coating solution was applied onto the support by dip coating, and dried and cured in a hot air dryer adjusted to 150 for 48 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m. Formed. '
- a copolymerized nylon resin (trade name: Amilan CM8.000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 10 ⁇ and a methoxymethylated nylon resin (trade name: Toresin EF30T, Teikoku Iridaku Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 30 parts, 500 parts of methanol Z 50 parts To prepare a coating solution for an intermediate layer.
- This intermediate layer coating solution was applied onto the conductive layer by dip coating, and dried for 22 minutes in a hot-air dryer adjusted to lOO to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.45 im. .
- This coating solution for the charge generation layer was dip-coated on the intermediate layer, and dried for 22 minutes in a hot air dryer adjusted to 80 to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.17 m. .
- This coating solution for the first charge transport layer is applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating and dried for 40 minutes in a hot air dryer adjusted to 100 to form a first charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. Was formed.
- the second charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, the solution was kept at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to air dry the solvent.
- the surface of the second charge transport layer was subjected to dry blasting under the following conditions using a dry blasting apparatus (manufactured by Fuji Seiki Seisakusho) having the structure shown in FIG. A plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the charge transport layer.
- Particles spherical glass beads with an average particle size of 30 zm (trade name: UB-OIL Co., Ltd., manufactured by Union)
- Discharge angle of particles 90 °
- particles (abrasive particles) remaining on the peripheral surface of the paint were removed by blowing compressed air.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor was measured by using a surface roughness measuring device, surf coder SE 3500, manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd., as described above.
- Rzjis (A) and RSm (C) were measured using a circumferential roughness measuring device for the above device.
- the measurement conditions are: measurement length: 0.4 mm, measurement speed: 0.1 mm / s.
- the baseline value of noise cut at the time of RSm (C) and (D) measurement was set to 10% (level setting).
- the area ratio of the dimple-shaped recesses, and the average aspect ratio of the dimple-shaped recesses were measured in the direction of the generatrix of the cylindrical electrophotographic photoreceptor at a distance of 5 cm from one end and at the center, respectively. The measurement was made at two or more locations in three portions, 5 cm from the other end, and the average value was taken as the measured value.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate was prepared in the same manner as above, and the surface of the surface layer before and after the dry blast treatment (the second charge transport layer in this embodiment) was measured.
- the universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the sample were measured, and the values shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate were measured.
- the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate were measured again.
- the fabricated electrophotographic photoreceptor was mounted on a remodeling machine (converted to a negative charging type) of the Canon Inc. electrophotographic copier iRC 6800 equipped with a cleaning blade made of polyurethane rubber, and evaluated as follows. Was.
- the potential conditions are set so that the partial potential (Vd) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is 1700 V and the bright portion potential (V 1) is ⁇ 200 V, The initial potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was adjusted.
- the cleaning performance was evaluated when the contact pressure of the cleaning blade with respect to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was set to two conditions of a high pressure and a low pressure.
- Electrophotography of cleaning blade with high pressure setting The contact pressure (linear pressure) against the peripheral surface of the photoreceptor is 40 g / cm (hereinafter referred to as “blade high pressure setting”).
- the contact pressure (linear pressure) of the cleaning blade at the low pressure setting on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was set at 16 g / cm (hereinafter also referred to as “blade low pressure setting”).
- the contact angle of the cleaning blade was set at 24 °.
- the evaluation environment was a 250-500% RH environment, and the durability test was performed on 50,000 sheets of A4 paper test images under the condition of two full-color intermittent test images. After the endurance test, a test image such as a halftone image was output to observe defects on the output image.
- the rotating torque of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is monitored from the current value of the motor, and the occurrence of squealing caused by the chattering of the cleaning blade and the occurrence of chipping of the cleaning blade are monitored. evaluated.
- the contact pressure (linear pressure) of the clean blade on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was set at 24 g / cm, and the initial drive current values A and 5 of the rotating motor of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were set.
- the value of BZA was determined from the drive current value B after the 00 sheet durability test, and this was used as a relative torque increase ratio.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present example exhibited good cleaning characteristics under any conditions, and even when the blade high pressure was set, there was almost no increase in torque during rotation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. There was no occurrence, and no image defects occurred due to toner slippage even at the low blade pressure setting.
- a durability test was performed on 500 sheets, and the cleaning property was evaluated.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member for evaluating an image under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment was prepared in the same manner as above, and the image deletion was evaluated.
- the above electrophotographic copier was installed in a 30% RH environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for image evaluation in a high temperature and high humidity environment was mounted on it. After setting the contact pressure (linear pressure) on the peripheral surface of the photoreceptor to 24gZcm, and outputting 10,000 copies of the image pattern under the condition of two full-color A4 paper sheets, half-toned images Sample images were output to evaluate the degree of image deletion.
- linear pressure linear pressure
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of this example showed very good results with respect to the occurrence of image deletion.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member for evaluating a rubbing memory was prepared in the same manner as above, and the rubbing memory was evaluated.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of this example had a low frictional resistance on the peripheral surface, and even when rubbing against a member around the electrophotographic photoreceptor, adverse effects due to the rubbing were less likely to occur.
- Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the results of the above evaluations.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- a fluorine atom-containing resin (trade name: GF-300, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant was added to 1,1,2,2,3,3,4_hepnofluoric mouth pentane (Trade name: Zeo Roller H, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 35 parts 71-Propanol After dissolving in a mixed solvent of 35 parts, tetrafluoride is used as a lubricant.
- GF-300 fluorine atom-containing resin
- 1,1,2,2,3,3,4_hepnofluoric mouth pentane (Trade name: Zeo Roller H, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 35 parts 71-Propanol
- tetrafluoride is used as a lubricant.
- High-pressure disperser (trade name: Microfluidizer M-110EH, US Micr0f1 uidics) with 3 parts of Tylene resin particles (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) Using a pressure of 5880 Nkg f / cm 2 (600 kg f / cm 2 ) and uniformly dispersed.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer is formed on the support.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a surface layer and having a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and was prepared.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 2, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, a first charge transport layer, and a second charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared. -Measurement of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- the second charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, the solution was kept at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to air dry the solvent.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for image evaluation under high temperature and high humidity environment, and An electrophotographic photosensitive member for evaluation of a rubbing memory was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU), and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 2, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- a coating solution for a second charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the composition was changed to. After the second charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, the solution was kept at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to air dry the solvent.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was prepared.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the measurement of the universal hardness value (HU) and the deformation ratio, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 2, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- a coating solution for a second charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the composition was changed to. After the second charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, the solution was kept at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to air dry the solvent.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- the measurement of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor
- Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 2, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- a coating solution for a second charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the composition was changed to. After the second charge transport employment coating solution was applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, the solution was kept at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to air dry the solvent.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate an electrophotographic photoreceptor for image evaluation E under high temperature and high humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluation of rubbing memory.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was manufactured.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 2, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- Curing this by the second charge transport employment coating solution was dip-coated on the first charge transport layer, which in irradiated 6 0 seconds 5 0 O of mW / cm 2 ⁇ of the light from Metall halide lamp This was heated for 60 minutes in a hot air drier adjusted to i 20 ° C to form a curable second charge transport layer having a thickness of 5 m.
- the second charge was obtained by dry blasting under the same conditions as in Example 2.
- a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the transport layer.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a frictional memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 8, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- Example 8 the same procedure as in Example 8 was repeated except that 27 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (12) was changed to 27 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (15).
- a coating solution for a dual charge transport layer was prepared.
- Curing this by the second charge-transporting layer coating solution was dip-coated on the first charge transport layer, which in irradiated 6 0 seconds 5 0 O mW / cm 2 intensity light from Metall halide lamp This was heated for 60 minutes in a hot air drier adjusted to 120 ° C. to form a curable second charge transport layer having a thickness of 5 m.
- a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the second charge transport layer by dry blasting under the same conditions as in Example 8.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, and the first charge transport layer are formed on the support.
- a second charge transport layer (cured layer), wherein the second charge transport layer is a surface layer and has a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on its peripheral surface.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation ratio of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Show.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, and a charge generation layer were formed on a support.
- This is irradiated with an electron beam under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration: 10 ppm) under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 150 kV and a dose of 50 kGy (5 Mrad).
- the heat treatment is performed for 90 seconds under the condition that the temperature of the irradiated object becomes 120, and the heat treatment is further performed for 20 minutes in a hot-air dryer adjusted to 100 ° C in the air, so that the film thickness becomes 10%.
- m curable charge transport layer was formed.
- the air (compressed air) blowing pressure was set to 0.343 MPa (3.5 kgf / cm 2 ) to 0.44 IMP a (4.5 kgf / cm 2 ), except that dry blasting conditions for the surface of the second charge transport layer in Example 1 were the same. By blasting, a small number of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the charge transport layer.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the charge transport layer is a surface layer, and has a dimple shape on the peripheral surface.
- a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a plurality of concave portions was prepared.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was manufactured.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a charge generation layer were formed on a support. -Next, 0.35 parts of a fluorine atom-containing resin (trade name: GF-300, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant was added to 1,1,2,2,3,3,4 Pentane (trade name: Zeo Roller H, made by Nippon Zeon (Special)) 15 parts No. 1 propanol Dissolved in a mixed solvent of 15 parts, and then used as a lubricant.
- a fluorine atom-containing resin trade name: GF-300, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- 1,1,2,2,3,3,4 Pentane trade name: Zeo Roller H, made by Nippon Zeon (Special)
- Titanium tetrafluoride resin particles (trade name: Lubron L — 2, Daikin;!: Sangyo Co., Ltd.) Add 5 parts and use a high-pressure dispersing machine (trade name: Microfluidizer M—110EH, Microfic 1 uidics, USA) to 5880 Nkg fZcm 2 (600 kgf / cm 2 ) and a dispersion treatment was performed three times to uniformly disperse.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are provided on a support, and the charge transport layer is a surface layer, and dimples are formed on a peripheral surface.
- a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a plurality of concave portions having a shape was prepared.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating images under high temperature and high humidity environments, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating rubbing memory was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- the coating solution for the second charge transport layer was applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, and this was heat-cured for 1 hour in a hot air dryer adjusted to 145 ° C to obtain a film storage. Formed a 5 m second charge transport layer.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a frictional memory was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- a fluorine atom-containing resin (trade name: Surflon S-381, manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved as a dispersant in a mixed solvent of 35 parts of methanol / 35 parts of ethanol.
- Add 3 parts of Teflon tetrafluoride resin particles (brand name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) as a lubricant and high pressure disperser (brand name: Microfluidizer M-110 EH, US M) (icr 0 f1 uidics) with a pressure of 5880 Nkg fZcm 2 (600 kg f / cm 2 ) to perform a dispersion treatment three times to uniformly disperse.
- a coating solution for a second charge transport layer was prepared by filtration under pressure with an m-membrane filter.
- This coating solution for the second charge transport layer is applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, and thermally cured for 1 hour in a hot air drier adjusted to 145 ° C to give a film thickness of 5 A second charge transport layer was formed.
- the second charge was obtained by dry blasting under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the transport layer.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the measurement of the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support.
- a fluorine atom-containing resin (trade name: SAIFRON S-381, manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved as a dispersant in a mixed solvent of 35 parts of methanol and 35 parts of NOE-NONOL.
- 3 parts of tetrafluoroethylene resin particles (trade name: Lubron L-12, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) were added as a lubricant, and a high-pressure disperser (trade name: Microfluidizer M—110 EH) was added.
- Microfluidizer M—110 EH was added.
- a resol-type phenol resin varnish (trade name: PL-4852, manufactured by Gunei Chemical Co., Ltd., nonvolatile component: 75%) 21.2 parts and a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (18) (charge Transport substance) 11. 1 copy After dissolving, this was filtered under pressure with a 5 m membrane filter made of PTFE to prepare a coating solution for the second charge transport layer.
- This coating solution for the second charge transport layer is applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, and thermally cured for 1 hour in a hot air drier adjusted to 14.5 to obtain a film thickness of 5 m. Was formed.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 15 A conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a charge generation layer were formed on a support in the same manner as in Example 1, and a layer similar to the first charge transport layer of Example 1 was formed on the charge generation layer. Formed.
- antimony-doped tin oxide particles (trade name: T-11, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, average particle size: 0.02 / m) were added to a structure represented by the following formula (19).
- Fluorine atom-containing compound (trade name: LS-109, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 7 parts
- processing amount 7% (Hereinafter referred to as “processing amount 7%”).
- This protective layer coating solution is dip-coated on the charge transport layer, and thermally cured for 1 hour in a hot air dryer adjusted to 144 ° C to form a protective layer having a thickness of 5 did.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, and a protective layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the protective layer is a surface layer, and A cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on its surface was manufactured.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a charge generation layer were formed on a support in the same manner as in Example 1, and a layer similar to the first charge transport layer of Example 1 was formed on the charge generation layer. Formed.
- This protective layer coating solution was applied onto the charge transport layer by dip coating, dried, and irradiated with UV light of 250 W / cm 2 intensity for 60 seconds from a high-pressure mercury lamp. This was cured and dried with hot air at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to form a curable protective layer having a thickness of 5 m.
- a plurality of dimple-shaped recesses were formed on the surface of the protective layer by dry blasting under the same conditions as those of the dry blasting on the surface of the second charge transport layer in Example 1.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, and a protective layer are provided on the support, and the protective layer is a surface layer, and A cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on its surface was manufactured.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a charge generation layer were formed on a support in the same manner as in Example 1, and a layer similar to the first charge transport layer of Example 1 was formed on the charge generation layer. Formed. ⁇
- thermosetting epoxy resin monomer having a structure represented by the following formula (21): And an acid anhydride having a structure represented by the following formula (22) (curing catalyst)
- a heat treatment was performed at 80 T for 1 minute and then at 130 ° C. for 2 hours, and this was thermally cured to form a protective layer having a thickness of 5 m.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, and a protective layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the protective layer is a surface layer, and A cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on its surface was manufactured.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a first charge transport layer were formed on a support. Next, 10 parts of a compound (charge transporting substance) having a structure represented by the above formula (18) and a solution of a modified burette having a structure represented by the following formula (23) (solid content of 67 mass %) 20 copies
- the coating solution for the second charge transport layer is spray-coated on the charge transport layer, left at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then cured by hot air at 1450 ° C for 1 hour to form a film.
- a second charge transport layer having a thickness of 5 tm was formed.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer and the first A charge transport layer was formed.
- thermosetting silicone resin (Toshiba Corporation) containing a hydrolysis condensate of trialkoxysilane and tetraalkoxysilane as a main component.
- Tosgard 5100 (manufactured by Silicone Co., Ltd.) is added so that the nonvolatile content of the binder resin becomes 13 parts, and 2-propanol is added thereto so that the solid content of the entire coating solution becomes 30% by mass.
- This second charge transport employment coating solution is applied onto the first charge transport layer by dip coating, heat treated for 60 minutes at 130, and then thermally cured to obtain a second charge transport layer having a thickness of 5 m. A layer was formed.
- the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the first charge transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (cured layer) are provided on the support, and the second charge transport layer has a surface.
- a cylindrical electronic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions on the peripheral surface was produced.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a An electrophotographic photosensitive member was manufactured.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the peripheral surface shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6 and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- This coating solution for the charge transport layer is dip-coated on the charge generation layer, and By drying in a hot air dryer adjusted to 10 ° C, a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 m was formed.
- Example 1 A plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the charge transport layer by dry blast treatment under the same conditions as those for the dry blast treatment on the surface of the second charge transport layer.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are provided on the support, and the charge transport layer is a surface layer, and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions are formed on the peripheral surface.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a charge generation layer were formed on a support in the same manner as in Example 1, and a layer similar to the first charge transport layer of Example 1 was formed on the charge generation layer. Formed. 'Then, except that the air (compressed air) blown pressure 0. 343MP a (3. 5 kgf / cm 2) from 0. 0784MP a (0. 8 kg f / cm 2) is A plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions were formed on the surface of the charge transport layer by dry blasting under the same conditions as those of the dry blasting process on the surface of the second charge transport layer in Example 1.
- a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are provided on the support, and the charge transport layer is a surface layer, and a plurality of dimple-shaped concave portions are formed on the peripheral surface.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 4, 6, and 8 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the dry blast treatment was not performed on the surface of the second charge transport layer.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- the measurement of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 5, 7 and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Na The universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate were measured by forming a surface layer (second charge transport layer in this comparative example) and conducting 24 hours under 23 ⁇ / 50% 11 environment. I went after leaving it alone.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the dry blast treatment was not performed on the surface of the second charge transport layer.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the measurement of the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 5, 7 and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the surface of the charge transport layer was not subjected to dry blasting.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 14, except that the surface of the second charge transport layer was not subjected to dry blasting. In the same manner, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory. A photoreceptor was prepared.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the measurement of the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 5, 7 and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the surface of the protective layer was not subjected to dry blasting in Example 17.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the surface of the second charge transport layer was not subjected to dry blasting.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared. 'Measurement of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate, and evaluation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the dry blast treatment for the surface of the second charge transport layer was changed to the following surface treatment.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor before the surface treatment of the second charge transport layer (the one formed up to the second charge transport layer; hereinafter also referred to as “substrate to be treated”) is mounted on a rotary polishing machine. did.
- a brush containing abrasive (model name: TX # 320C-W, manufactured by State Industry Co., Ltd.) was pressed onto the peripheral surface of the object mounted on the rotary polishing machine with a brush pushing amount of 0.5 mm.
- the workpiece is rotated at 50 rpm, and the abrasive-containing brush is rotated for 90 seconds at 250 rpm in a direction opposite to the rotating direction of the workpiece.
- the peripheral surface of the object was polished in the circumferential direction.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 5, 7 and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Example 7 the dry blasting treatment for the surface of the second charge transport layer was compared.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the surface treatment was changed to the same as in Example 7.
- Example 11 in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the dry plast treatment on the surface of the charge transport layer was changed to the same surface treatment as the surface treatment on the surface of the second charge transport layer in Comparative Example 7, An electrophotographic photosensitive member was manufactured.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 14, except that the dry blast treatment on the surface of the second charge transport layer was changed to the same surface treatment as in Comparative Example 7.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for image evaluation under high temperature and high humidity environment, and An electrophotographic photosensitive member for evaluation of a rubbing memory was prepared.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the measurement of the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 5, 7 and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- Electrophotography was performed in the same manner as in Example 17, except that the dry blasting treatment for the surface of the protective layer was changed to the same surface treatment as that for the surface of the second charge transporting layer in Comparative Example 7. A photoreceptor was prepared.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the measurement of the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Tables 1-3 show the measurement results of the shape, universal hardness value (HU) and elastic deformation rate of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and Tables 5, 7 and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the dry plast treatment on the surface of the second charge transport layer was changed to the same surface treatment as in Comparative Example 7.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor for measuring the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating an image in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor for evaluating a rubbing memory.
- a photoreceptor was prepared. 'Measurement of the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate, and the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- the shape of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the universal hardness value (HU) and the elastic deformation rate Tables 1 to 3 show the measurement results, and Tables 5, 7, and 9 show the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. table
- Example 1 0.5 ⁇ 0.59 43 41 0.95 0.20 2.21
- Example 2 0.68 0.64 45 46 1.02 0.20 2.70
- Example 3 0.43 0.42 67 74 1.10 0.11 3.31
- Example 4 0.72 0.72 49 47 0.96 0.22 3.55
- Example 5 0.71 0.68 44 48 1.09 0.23 3.65
- Example 6 0.68 0.67 43 ⁇ ⁇ 48 1.12 0.22 3.20
- Example 7 0.70 0.75 44 48 1.09 0.26 2.96
- Example 8 0.71 0.69 46 46 1.00 0.25 3.11
- Example 9 0.83 0.87 53 59 1.11 0.32 3.87
- Example 10 0.42 0.45 74 72 0.97 0.18 1.63
- Example 11 0.46 0.48 62 54 0.87 0.19 1.58
- Example 12 0.75 0.78 45 48 1.07 0.28 2.54
- Example 13 0.79 0.81 53 50 0.94 0.34 2.41
- Example 14 0.76 0.76 51 59 1,16 0.30 2.05
- Example 15 1.16 1.20 61 53 0,87 0.36 2.88
- Example 16
- Example 1 14 12.2 0.67 Example 2 16 13.6 0.70 Example 3 4 2.7 0.72 Example 4 18 16.9 0.74 Example 5 13 12.3 0.69 Example 6 15 13.3 0.62 Example 7 14 14.1 0.71 Example 8 14 13.5 0.70 Example 9 21 17.5 0.73 Example 10 7 5.0 0.66 Example 11 9 7.6 0.65 Example 12 18 16.3 0.69 Example 13 17 15.8 0.67 Example 14 19 15.6 0.72 Example 15 21 18.6 0.73 Example 16 22 19.0 0.69 Example 17 26 22.1 0.60 Example 18 28 24.5 0.64 Example 19 17 15.8 0.76 Example 20 30 32.1 0.58 Example 21 37 ⁇ 35.6 0.53 Comparative Example 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- Example 4 Good cleaning performance Good cleaning performance 1.5 Good
- Example 5 Cleaning good performance Good cleaning performance 1.6
- Example 6 Cleaning performance Good cleaning performance Good 1.5
- Example 8 Cree : good ink 'cleaning' good 1.4
- Example 9 good cleaning 'good cleaning good 1.5 clean
- Example 10 good cleaning Cree;: good 4 good 2.0
- Example 11 clean' Good cleaning performance Good cleaning performance 1.9
- Example 12 Good cleaning performance Good cleaning performance 1.5
- Example 15 Good cleaning performance Good cleaning performance 1.8
- Example 16 Good cleaning performance 'Cleanning' good performance 1.8
- Example 17 Good cleaning performance Rininku 'of good 1.9
- Example 19 Good cleaning performance Good cleaning performance 2.1
- Example 20
- Example 4 Good image 0 Example 5 Good image 3
- Example 6 Good image 0
- Example 7 Good image 3
- Example 8 Good image 4
- Example 9 Good image ⁇
- Example 10 Good image 3
- Example 11 Good image 6
- Example 12 Good image 1
- Example 13 Good image 0
- Example 14 Good image 2
- Example 15 Good image 3
- Example 16 Good image 3
- Example 17 Slight image deletion occurs at about 8000 sheets 6
- Example 18 Good image 5
- Example 19 Good image 8 Example 20 Good image 8
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention hardly causes poor cleaning even when used repeatedly, and hardly causes poor image even when used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.
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Abstract
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JP2006511600A JP3938209B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-03-25 | 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
EP05727284.1A EP1734410B1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-03-25 | Electrophotography photosensitive body, method for producing electrophotography photosensitive body, process cartridge, and electrophotograph |
US11/154,681 US7534534B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-06-17 | Electrophotographic Photosensitive member, method for manufacturing electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus |
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PCT/JP2005/006418 WO2005093518A1 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-03-25 | 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
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US7556901B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2009-07-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
WO2010035882A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1734410A4 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
WO2005093520A1 (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1734410A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
EP1734410B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
US20050255393A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
JP3938209B2 (ja) | 2007-06-27 |
KR20060135836A (ko) | 2006-12-29 |
KR100828250B1 (ko) | 2008-05-07 |
EP1734411B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
US7534534B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
EP1734411A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
JPWO2005093518A1 (ja) | 2007-08-16 |
US7226711B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
US20060019185A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
JP3938210B2 (ja) | 2007-06-27 |
JPWO2005093520A1 (ja) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1734411A4 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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