US2761418A - Multiple coating apparatus - Google Patents

Multiple coating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2761418A
US2761418A US489862A US48986255A US2761418A US 2761418 A US2761418 A US 2761418A US 489862 A US489862 A US 489862A US 48986255 A US48986255 A US 48986255A US 2761418 A US2761418 A US 2761418A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
layers
hopper
web
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US489862A
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English (en)
Inventor
Theodore A Russell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA557260A priority Critical patent/CA557260A/en
Priority to BE545464D priority patent/BE545464A/xx
Priority to IT557307D priority patent/IT557307A/it
Priority to CA557258A priority patent/CA557258A/en
Priority to CA557259A priority patent/CA557259A/en
Priority to CA554506A priority patent/CA554506A/en
Priority to US489863A priority patent/US2761791A/en
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US489862A priority patent/US2761418A/en
Priority to US489969A priority patent/US2761419A/en
Priority to US489861A priority patent/US2761417A/en
Priority to DEE11995A priority patent/DE1151173B/de
Priority to DEE11997A priority patent/DE1216686B/de
Priority to DEE11996A priority patent/DE1208998B/de
Priority to DEE11998A priority patent/DE1211488B/de
Priority to FR1148817D priority patent/FR1148817A/fr
Priority to GB26306/59A priority patent/GB834528A/en
Priority to GB26305/59A priority patent/GB834527A/en
Priority to GB5590/56A priority patent/GB834525A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2761418A publication Critical patent/US2761418A/en
Priority to US769881A priority patent/US2975754A/en
Priority to DEE18311A priority patent/DE1177931B/de
Priority to FR808185A priority patent/FR1238160A/fr
Priority to GB36130/59A priority patent/GB901686A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/34—Applying different liquids or other fluent materials simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/007—Slide-hopper coaters, i.e. apparatus in which the liquid or other fluent material flows freely on an inclined surface before contacting the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0254—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet
    • B05C5/0258—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet flow controlled, e.g. by a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/255—Flow control means, e.g. valves
    • B29C48/2556—Flow control means, e.g. valves provided in or in the proximity of dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • B29C48/307—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • B29C48/31—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets being adjustable, i.e. having adjustable exit sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/914—Cooling drums
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B11/00—Treatment of selected parts of textile materials, e.g. partial dyeing
    • D06B11/0056—Treatment of selected parts of textile materials, e.g. partial dyeing of fabrics
    • D06B11/0069—Treatment of selected parts of textile materials, e.g. partial dyeing of fabrics by continuous contact with a member able to bring simultaneously a plurality of treating materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/46—Pouring or allowing the fluid to flow in a continuous stream on to the surface, the entire stream being carried away by the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
    • D21H5/0042—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by pouring or allowing to flow in a continuous stream onto the surface, the entire stream being carried away by the paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor

Definitions

  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus by means of which this method of multiple coating can be carried out.
  • a further object is to provide a multiple hopper which forms each of several fluid coating compositions into individual layers and then brings said layers into surface contact with one another, after which they are extruded in this combined layer relationship to a point of deposition where they are picked up on the surface of a moving web while the distinct layer relationship is maintained.
  • Another object is to provide a coating apparatus for simultaneously feeding a plurality of fluid coating compositions in superposed and distinct layer relationship to a common point of deposition where they are simultaneously deposited on the surface of a web in such layer relationship. It comprises a multiple hopper adapted to continuously form each of the coating compositions into a separate layer, bring the separate layers into surface contact and then extrude them in such combined relationship into a bead maintained between the lips of the hopper and the surface of the web to be coated and across and in contact with which head the web is continuously moved.
  • Still another object is to provide an apparatus by the use of which the plurality of coatings required on a photographic film or paper can be applied to the support simultaneously and set and then dried simultaneously while maintaining a distinct relationship between the layers, which is as good as when the coatings are successively applied to the support with a complete drying between successive coating applications, as in conventional coating procedures.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side elevational showing, partly in section, of a form of apparatus including a dual hopper which may be used to simultaneously apply two layers of coating material to a web in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of just the dual hopper used in connection with the apparatus of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary section of the dual hopper shown in Fig. 2 and illustrating how two layers of coating material are simultaneously applied to the surface of a web;
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section showing a color photographic film coated with four different layers of material and using a dual hopper;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a triple hopper by the use of which three layers of coating material may be applied to a surface of a web in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational view of a multiple hopper which can be used to simultaneously apply four coatings to the surface of a web in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a partial top plan view of the multiple hopper shown in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 8-8 of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8A is an enlarged sectional detail of the form of hopper shown in Fig. 8 and showing how the four layers of separate coating compositions are fed through the extrusion slot in combined relation and into a coating bead from which they are picked up by a web moving across and in contact with said head.
  • the present invention relates to a particular type of apparatus adapted for carrying out this new method of multiple coating.
  • this apparatus comprises a multiple feed hopper into which each of the fluid coating compositions is continuously fed at a given rate commensurate with the thickness desired in the final layer of that particular composition after application to the web.
  • This hopper is then adapted toform a thin ribbon or layer of each of these compositions and to bring them into surface contact prior to extruding them in combined relation through a single discharge slot into a coating bead maintained between the discharge .lips of the hopper and the web to be coated, and across and in contact with which bead the web is continuously moved to pick up the plurality of layers simultaneously and in the desired orientation.
  • Figs. 1-3 there is shown an apparatus constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention and which-has been successfully used to apply two separate coatings to a support in the manufacture of photographic film.
  • a dual feed coating hopper having an exit or discharge slot 11, the lips 12 of which are slightly spaced from the surface of a web W backed up by a roll l3 which may serve to continuously move the web past the hopper slot.
  • One fluid coating composition S is fed into an upper inlet 14 by a suitable metering pump P, whereas the second fluid coating composition S is fed into the lower inlet 1 5 by a separate metering pump P.
  • An adjustable bafile 16 divides the interior of the hopper into two separate cavities and serves to direct the two compositions in the form of thin ribbons or layers L and L toward the discharge slot 11. Just before the two layers L and L enter the discharge slot 11, or immediately after they enter the discharge slot, they are brought together in surface contact and pass through and from the discharge slot in this combined relation.
  • the hopper was made of a transparent plastic material and differently colored coating compositions were used, so that the behavior of the coating compositions were used, so that the behavior of the coating compositions could be watched, it was obvious that the layer L of composition S coming into the upper inlet was on top of the layer L' of composition S coming into the lower inlet throughout the entire length of the discharge slot 11.
  • This bead technique of coating is well known in the art and is characterized by the formation of a puddle or. bead between the coating hopper and the surface to be coated which tends to pile up, or puddle, on that side of the coating device from which the web leaves. This pile up or bead extends completely across the width of the web being coated and is generally referred to in the art as a coating bead or a bead of coating.
  • FIG. 2 An enlarged cross-section of the form of coating bead believed to exist with the present dual coating device is shown at 17 in Fig. 2. It can thus be seen that with this bead coating technique the coating material is not in fact deposited directly onto the web surface from the hopper but that the hopper merely maintains the coating bead and the web is coated therefrom. With the bead technique of coating the actual thickness of the coating laid down on a web moved thereacross will be determined by the action of the bead and will vary with the speed of the web movement, the efl'iciency of the hopper, etc., and will not necessarily be equal to, or directly dependent-upon, the width of the discharge slot of the coating hopper.
  • the hopper 10 ma be carried by" a frame 18 provided with bearings 9 rotatably mounted on the axle of the roll 13 to swing concentrically of the roll 13 so that the position of the hopper as a whole may be shifted around the periphery of said roll.
  • the frame 18 is adapted to be locked in anyadjustedposition by a clamping screw 7 engaging an arcuate slot 6 in a fixed support 19.
  • the hopper per se is pivoted to the frame 18 at point 20 so that the angle of the exit slot 11 may be critically adjusted relative to the surface of the web to be coated by adjusting screw 5.
  • the hopper is slidably mounted on the frame 18 and connected with an adjusting screw 21 for efie'cting this adjustment.
  • the coatings applied may be of the typewhich are set by cooling prior to drying inorder to limit the amount of relative flow between the layersfthemselves and between the layer adjacent the support and the support.
  • the web W after being coated can be passed through a chill chamber 22 and then through a drying chamber 23. If the coatings applied are of the type which do not require chilling before drying, then chilling chamber 22 may be omitted or bypassed.
  • the web, after being completelydried, is fed away from the drying chamber by means of roll 4.
  • the coating composition entering upper inlet 14 is formed into a thin ribbon or layer upon passing between the end of the bafiie 16 and the upper inclined wall 2d of the hopper.
  • the coating composition S entering the lower inlet l5 is formed into athin layer or ribbon of given thickness upon passing between the end of the bafile 16 and the lower inclined wall 25 of the hopper.
  • These two ribbons or layers ' are directed toward the exit slot 11 and are brought into surface contact just prior to or upon entering said exit slot. They are then directed by the exit slot in this combined relation into the coating bead '17 wherein they maintain the desired distinct relationship, as indicated in Fig. 2, and from which bead they are coated in the desired layer relationship onto the surface of the web W.
  • the width of the exit slot is not equal to the combined thickness of the layers of the two coating compositions directed thereto, or to the combined widths of the slots forming said layers, but is preferably equal to the thickness of one of the layers or may even be less than this. This means that the velocity of the combined layers L and L passing through the exit slotmust be greater than that of the individual layers as they approach the slot, i. e. double, if the two layers approaching the exit slot are of equal thickness and the compositions of which the layers are formed are beingpumped into the. hopper at the same rate. It should be pointed out that it is not the width of the exit slot 11, or the width of the slots forming the individual layers, which determine the final thickness of the layers as applied to the web.
  • This final thickness (wet) will be determined by the bead action and will vary with the velocity of the Web, etc.
  • the relative widths of the exit slot 11 and the slots forming the individual layers of the separate coating compositions must be sufficiently great to permit the proper amounts of the different compositions to be fed to the'bead as determined by the bead laydown, andthe rates at which the different compositions. arepumped will be determined by the relative thicknesses of the two layers desired on the web. For example, if the layer of coating composition S applied is to be twice as thick asthe layer of coating composition S, then the slot widths are not varied, but coating S .ispumped-Iinto' the hopper at .arate twice that of coating S.
  • Both pumps were driven simultaneously with a commercial metering unit.
  • Two coatings were made on a cellulose acetate support, one at twelve feet per minute and the other at eighteen feet per minute, and the two layers were set and dried simultaneously by conventional equipment. Cross-sections of the dried films showed excellent separation of the gelatin and light-sensitive emulsion layers, and indicated that the relative thickness of the two coatings was directly proportional to the rate at which the different solutions were pumped into the hopper. Although this speed of coating in one instance was 50 per cent greater than in the other, there was no indication that the speed of coating had any adverse effect on the distinct layer characteristics of the coatings.
  • this coated product comprises a support or web W of cellulose acetate having successive layers of a bluesensitized silver chlorobromide emulsion B, a red-sensitized silver chlorobromide emulsion R, a green-sensitized silver chlorobromide emulsion G and a clear gel layer C in that order. Since only a dual feed hopper was used, the first two emulsions R and B were applied simultaneously and then the third emulsion and the clear gelatin layers G and C, respectively, were applied simultaneously atop the first two layers after they were completely dried.
  • the blue-sensitized emulsion contained 5.6 percent gelatin and a yellow coupler and was coated at the rate of 16.72 pounds per silver mole and 1.78 pounds per 100 square feet giving a coverage of 940 square feet per silver mole.
  • the redsensitized emulsion contained 5.6 percent gelatin and a cyan coupler and was coated at the rate of 21.30 pounds per silver mole and 1.78 pounds per hundred square feet giving a coverage of 1200 square feet per silver mole.
  • the green-sensitized emulsion containing 5 .6 percent gelatin and a magenta coupler and was coated at the rate of 17.1 pounds per silver mole giving a coverage of 965 square feet per mole.
  • the clear gelatin which contained seven percent gelatin was coated at the rate of .89 pounds of solution per hundred square feet.
  • This hopper 26 has an exit slot 30, the lips 32 of which are slightly spaced from the surface of a web W backed by a roll 13 which may serve to continuously move the web past the hopper slot as before. It is also to be understood that this hopper 26 can be carried by a mount like hopper 10 of Fig. 1 so that the hopper can be properly adjusted relative to the web surface to obtain the best coating results.
  • the interior of the hopper is divided by partitions 31 and 31' into three separate cavities C, Cr and C2 placed in communication with the exit slot 30 by ribbon or layer forming slots 38, 37 and 36, respectively.
  • One fluid coating composition S" which is to be in the bottom layer L" is pumped into cavity C2 through the lower inlet 33, the coating composition S which is to be the center layer L is pumped into cavity C1 through inlet 34, and the coating composition S which is to be the top layer L is pumped into cavity C through the top inlet 35.
  • Each of these compositions is fed into the hopper by a separate pump P of the metering or constant discharge type.
  • the three coating compositions are then directed toward the exit slot 30 in the form of ribbons or layers by slots 36, 37 and 38, and these ribbons, after being combined in surface relation prior to, or immediately upon entering the exit slot, flow through said exit slot 39 in the proper striated relationship.
  • the width of the intermediate layer L will be less than that of the outer layers because the average velocity of the intermediate layer is higher than the average velocity at the edges due to the friction between the outer layers and the faces of the exit slot.
  • the striated relationship of the different coating compositions is retained in the coating bead 17 so that the three different coatings are deposited simultaneously onto the Web in the proper layer relationship as the web moves across and in contact with the bead.
  • the uppermost layer of coating solution piles up on the outside face of the upper lip, the middle layer of solution passes through the bead with little, if any, deformation, and the lower layer of solution backs into and fills the space between the end of the lower lip 32 and the web W. It is known that the form of the bead and probably the path of the individual layers will vary with the speed of coating and the viscosity of the coating solution used.
  • a four-tube, multifeed hopper by means of which a layer of four separate coating compositions have successivefully been applied simultaneously to a web surface and still maintain a distinct layer relationship.
  • This hopper is composed of a top section 40 and a bottom section 41 which are held in assembled relation by two end plates 42 and 43 fastened to the top and bottom sections by bolts 44.
  • the forward edges of each of the top and bottom sections are spaced from one another to provide an exit or discharge slot 45 which extends across the width of the hopper and whose width is defined by end plates 42 and 43.
  • the bottom section 41 is provided with a recess or chamber 46 communicating with the exit slot of the hopper by a curved convex surface 47.
  • This chamber is divided into four sections by three dams 48, 49 and 50 which extend entirely across the width of the hopper chamber 46.
  • Each of these dams includes a concave curved surface 51 and a convex curved surface 52 which cooperate with one another in opposite pairs to form gradually restricted flow passages 53, 54, 55 and 56 which cause coating solutions pumped into the enlarged portions thereof to spread out across the hopper and to be forced in thin streams or layers toward the hopper discharge slot 45.
  • each of the dams 48, 49 and 50 is made adjustable by means of a pair of adjusting screws 62 and set screws 63. By adjustment of screws 62 the width of each of the discharge slots 59, 60 and 61 can be regulated to the desired extent, and after the desired adjustment has been made, the set screws 63 are adjusted to lock the dams in such positions.
  • Each of the four flow passages has connected thereto a nipple 64 onto the end of which one of four feed tubes 65, 66, 67 or 68 may be slipped.
  • Each of the four feed tubes is connected to a supply of a ditferent coating solution and from which supply the coating solution can be pumped into the hopper by separate metering pumps P at rates commensurate with the thickness of the particular coating layers desired in the final laydown.
  • This four-tube multifeed hopper was tested and proved by making a multiple coating of black and clear gelatin on a web of photographic support in the following manner.
  • the black gelatin was prepared by dispersing 2450 grams of a 3.7 percent black gelatin containing a metallic silver :dispersion in 5500 grams of ten percent photographic gelatin plus 1070 cc. of distilled water.
  • the clear gelatin coatings were made from a solution of 6810 grams of ten percent photographic gelatin plus 2850 cc. of distilled water. Twenty cc. per liter of a 7% percent saponin solution were added to each coating solution to act as a coating aid.
  • the coatings were made by applying the black gelatin in the first and third layers and the clear gelatin in the second and fourth layers. With the hopper shown in Figs. 6-8, this meant feeding the black gelatin into feed tubes 65 and 67 and the clear gelatin into feed tubes 66 and 68 and running the web W in a counterclockwise direction as indicated. After these coatings were set and dried, a photomicrograph of a cross-section of the multiple coating showed that all of the coats applied satisfactorily and that each layer was oriented in the proper relation. Furthermore, there appeared to be no mixing or contamination of the individual layers.
  • the element of time might be the critical factor since the time elapsing between the deposition of the layers on the web and the time the coating is dried is relatively short and perhaps less than the time required for the coatings, or the materials dispersed therein, to diffuse into one another.
  • An apparatus for simultaneously feeding a plurality of fluid coating compositions in superposed and distinct layer relationship to a point of deposition where they are simultaneously deposited onto the surface of a web in such layer relationship comprising a hopper provided with a discharge slot, a plurality of closed chambers within said hopper, one for each coating composition, an elongated duct connecting each chamber with the hopper discharge slot adapted to form a layer of the coating composition extruded therethrough, each of said ducts directed toward the end of said discharge slot and arranged to bring the layers of coating composition extruded therethrough together in superposed strata relationship prior to extru sion of the combined layers from said discharge slot, and means for continuously feeding a different one of said coating compositions into each of said chambers at a given rate commensurate with the thickness desired for each of said layers after coating.
  • an apparatus for simultaneously applying a plurality of fluid coating compositions onto the surface of a Web in superposed layer relationship comprising a chamber provided with a discharge slot directed toward and spaced from said guided portion of the web, partition means within said hopper chamber dividing the same into a plurality of separate chambers, one of each of said coating compositions and each of said separate chambers provided with a layer forming slot directed toward said discharge slot, said layer forming slots arranged so that all of the layers of coating compositions extruded therethrough are brought into superposed strata relationship prior to extrusion of the combined layers through said discharge slot in the desired layer relationship, and means for continuously feeding one of said coating compositions into each of said separate chambers at a given rate commensurate with the thickness desired in each of said respective layers.
  • a multiple feed hopper for simultaneously feeding a plurality of fluid coating compositions in distinct layer relationship toward a point where they are deposited onto a web in such layer relationship and comprising a closed chamber provided with a discharge slot, partition means within said chamber dividing the same into a plurality of separate chambers and each provided with a layer forming slot directed toward and communicating with said discharge slot and arranged so that all of the layers of coating composition extruded through said layer forming slots are brought together in strata relationship prior to extrusion of the combined layers through said discharge slot in the desired layer relationship, and means for continuously feeding one of said coating compositions into each of said separate chambers at a given rate commensurate with the thickness desired in each of said respective layers when extruded from said discharge slot.
  • a multiple feed hopper for simultaneously feeding two fluid coating compositions in superposed and distinct layer relationship toward a point Where they are deposited onto a web in such layer relationship and comprising a closed chamber provided with a discharge slot, a partition dividing said closed chamber into two separate chambers and spaced from and cooperating with two walls of said closed chamber to provide two layer forming slots, each directed toward said discharge slot and placing opposite ones of said separate chambers in communication with the end of said discharge slot whereby the layers formed by extrusion of coating composition therethrough are brought together in superposed strata relationship prior to extrusion of the combined layers through said discharge slot, and means for continuously feeding one of said coating compositions into each of said separate chambers at a given rate commensurate with the thickness desired in each of said respective layers when extruded from said discharge slot.
  • a multiple feed hopper for simultaneously feeding three fluid coating compositions in distinct layer relationship toward a point where they are deposited onto a web in such layer relationship and comprising a closed chamber provided with a discharge slot, partition means dividing said closed chamber into three separate chambers, one for each coating composition, a layer forming slot placing each of said separate chambers in communication with the end of said discharge slot whereby layers formed by extrusion of coating composition therethrough are brought together in superposed strata relationship prior to extrusion of the combined layers through discharge slot, and means for continuously feeding one of said coating compositions into each of said separate chambers at a given rate commensurate with the thickness desired in each of said respective layers upon extrusion from said discharge slot.
  • a multiple feed hopper for simultaneously feeding a plurality of coating compositions in superposed and distinct layer relationship toward a point where they are to be deposited onto a web in such layer relationship and comprising a recessed bottom section, a top section fixed to said bottom section and having a straight wall facing said recess to provide a closed chamber, an elongated discharge slot formed in one side of said chamber by a continuation of the straight wall of said top section and the top edge of one wall of said bottom section which is provided with a notch equal in length and width to corresponding dimensions of said slot, a plurality of dams spaced from one another in tandem in said recess to divide the chamber into a plurality of separate chambers, one for each coating composition, the top of each dam spaced from said straight wall and cooperating therewith to form a duct through which layers of the respective solutions are adapted to be extruded, said ducts being in tandem and in alignment with one another and with said discharge slot whereby as the layers of the individual coating compositions are formed they are brought into superposed strata

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
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US489862A 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2761418A (en)

Priority Applications (22)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA557260A CA557260A (en) 1955-02-23 Multiple feed hopper for feeding a plurality of coating compositions
BE545464D BE545464A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1955-02-23
IT557307D IT557307A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1955-02-23
CA557258A CA557258A (en) 1955-02-23 Multilayer hopper for feeding a plurality of coating compositions
CA557259A CA557259A (en) 1955-02-23 Multiple layer hopper for multiply coating a web
CA554506A CA554506A (en) 1955-02-23 Simultaneous deposition of a plurality of fluid coating materials
US489862A US2761418A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489969A US2761419A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489861A US2761417A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489863A US2761791A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Method of multiple coating
DEE11995A DE1151173B (de) 1955-02-23 1956-02-22 Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Schicht-traegers fuer einen photographischen Film
DEE11996A DE1208998B (de) 1955-02-23 1956-02-22 Vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen Auftragen mehrerer Schichten
DEE11998A DE1211488B (de) 1955-02-23 1956-02-22 Vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen Auftragen mehrerer Schichten
DEE11997A DE1216686B (de) 1955-02-23 1956-02-22 Vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen Auftragen mehrerer Schichten
GB26306/59A GB834528A (en) 1955-02-23 1956-02-23 Improvements in or relating to web coating apparatus
GB26305/59A GB834527A (en) 1955-02-23 1956-02-23 Improvements in or relating to web coating apparatus
FR1148817D FR1148817A (fr) 1955-02-23 1956-02-23 Procédé et machine pour l'application simultanée de plusieurs couches sur un support et produit obtenu
GB5590/56A GB834525A (en) 1955-02-23 1956-02-23 Improved methods of making flexible material having a plurality of superposed layers
US769881A US2975754A (en) 1955-02-23 1958-10-27 Multiple coating apparatus
DEE18311A DE1177931B (de) 1955-02-23 1959-09-30 Vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen Auftragen mehrerer Schichten
FR808185A FR1238160A (fr) 1955-02-23 1959-10-22 Machine pour l'application simlutanée de plusieurs couches sur un support en bande continue
GB36130/59A GB901686A (en) 1955-02-23 1959-10-26 Improvements in or relating to web coating apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US489863A US2761791A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Method of multiple coating
US489862A US2761418A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489861A US2761417A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489969A US2761419A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US769881A US2975754A (en) 1955-02-23 1958-10-27 Multiple coating apparatus

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US2761418A true US2761418A (en) 1956-09-04

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US489862A Expired - Lifetime US2761418A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489969A Expired - Lifetime US2761419A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489861A Expired - Lifetime US2761417A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489863A Expired - Lifetime US2761791A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Method of multiple coating
US769881A Expired - Lifetime US2975754A (en) 1955-02-23 1958-10-27 Multiple coating apparatus

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US489969A Expired - Lifetime US2761419A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489861A Expired - Lifetime US2761417A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Multiple coating apparatus
US489863A Expired - Lifetime US2761791A (en) 1955-02-23 1955-02-23 Method of multiple coating
US769881A Expired - Lifetime US2975754A (en) 1955-02-23 1958-10-27 Multiple coating apparatus

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US (5) US2761418A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE545464A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (4) CA557258A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (5) DE1216686B (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (2) FR1148817A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (4) GB834527A (enrdf_load_html_response)
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DE1211488B (de) 1966-02-24
US2761419A (en) 1956-09-04
US2761791A (en) 1956-09-04
GB834527A (en) 1960-05-11
US2975754A (en) 1961-03-21
CA557258A (en) 1958-05-13
GB834525A (en) 1960-05-11
DE1208998B (de) 1966-01-13
DE1177931B (de) 1964-09-10
CA557259A (en) 1958-05-13
US2761417A (en) 1956-09-04
GB901686A (en) 1962-07-25
GB834528A (en) 1960-05-11
BE545464A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1900-01-01
FR1238160A (fr) 1960-08-05
CA554506A (en) 1958-03-18
DE1151173B (de) 1963-07-04
DE1216686B (de) 1966-05-12
CA557260A (en) 1958-05-13
FR1148817A (fr) 1957-12-16
IT557307A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1900-01-01

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