US3206323A - Coating high viscosity liquids - Google Patents

Coating high viscosity liquids Download PDF

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US3206323A
US3206323A US201869A US20186962A US3206323A US 3206323 A US3206323 A US 3206323A US 201869 A US201869 A US 201869A US 20186962 A US20186962 A US 20186962A US 3206323 A US3206323 A US 3206323A
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coating
ribbon
fluid
viscosity
cps
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US201869A
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Frank D Miller
John J Wheeler
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0254—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • B29C48/307—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/914—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means cooling drums
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for coating fluid compositions, and more particularly to a method for coating viscous fluids at high speeds.
  • viscous fluids may be coated onto a web support at high speeds by the coating method which comprises forming a ribbon containing a distinct layer of the viscous fluid and a distinct layer of a low viscosity fluid coating composition, contacting the side of the ribbon composed of the layer of low viscosity fluid coating composition with a web support having an electrostatic potential different than that of said ribbon, simultaneously supplying the ribbon and the web support while moving the support across and in contact with the ribbon, and subjecting that side of the ribbon having the layer of low viscosity fluid coating composition to a lower pressure than the other side of the ribbon.
  • the drawing represents a diagrammatic view illustrating an apparatus which may be used to practice the coating method of the invention.
  • the web support 1 is passed around a grounded metal roll 2 and under a device 3 for imparting a charge to web support 1.
  • the web support 1 is then passed around guide roll 4 and thence around 3,205,323 Patented Sept. 14, 1965 grounded metal coating roll 5, .and past a stationary coating device 6 having inlet means 7 for a low viscosity liquid coating composition and an inlet means 8 to supply the viscous fluid coating composition.
  • the low viscosity fluid coating 7 and the viscous fluid coating 8 pass through orifices L and L, respectively, and are simultaneously coated onto the web support 1 in distinct layer relationship as indicated at 10 and 11.
  • a vacuum chamber 12 is provided to subject the ribbon of coating fluids to a lower pressure on the side of the ribbon composed of the layer of low viscosity fluid coating composition than the opposite side of the ribbon, and is provided with an evacuation pipe 13 attached to evacuating means not shown.
  • Example 1 A high viscosity 30% gelatin solution, having a viscosity of 3,000 cps., was coated at 110 F. onto cellulose ester film base at the rate of .5 to .18 lb. per square feet using a pressure differential of 4 inches of water pressure. The maximum speed of coating which could be achieved without the formation of undesirable bubbles was 213 feet per minute.
  • Example 2 A gelatin solution having a viscosity of 2,500 cps. was coated onto cellulose ester film base at the rate of .5 to .18 lb. per 100 square feet. A pressure differential of 26 inches of water pressure was required to achieve a good coating at a coating speed of 300 feet per minute. At a coating speed of 500 feet per minute, a pressure differential of 49 inches of water pressure failed to prevent the formation of bubbles in the coating.
  • Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that a low viscosity (15 cps.) gelatin coating was simultaneously coated with the viscous fluid of Example 1 so that the low viscosity coating was adjacent the film base, in accordance with the method described by Russell US. Patent 2,761,791, at the rate of .04 lb. per 100 square feet. The maximum speed which could be achieved without the formation of bubbles was 280 feet per minute.
  • Example 4 A high viscosity 30% gelatin solution having a viscosity of 3,000 cps., was coated at F. on to cellulose ester film base to which had been imparted an electrostatic charge of 950 field volts. Bubbles were formed in the coating at a coating speed of 213 feet per minute.
  • the low viscosity gelatin solution was applied adjacent the film base at the rate of .04 lb. per 100 square feet with the high viscosity gelatin solution thereover at the rate of .5 to .18 lb. per 100 square feet.
  • a pressure differential of 4 inches of water pressure was maintained in accordance with the method described by Beguin U.S. Patent 2,681,294. No bubbles were formed in coatings obtained at the coating rate of 500 feet per minute. The coatings were highly satisfactory in all respects.
  • the above examples demonstrate that a highly unexpected increased rate of coating high viscosity fluids on a web support is achieved when (1) a low viscosity fluid coating composition is simultaneously coated with the high viscosity coating composition, applying the layer of low viscosity fluid coating adjacent the support, by forming a ribbon containing a layer of the high viscosity fluid and the low viscosity fluid in bridging relationship between a stationary coating device and the Web support, (2) subjecting that side of the ribbon having the layer of low viscosity composition to a lower pressure than the opposite side of the ribbon, and (3) maintaining an electrostatic potential difference between the ribbon and the web support prior to the point of contact thereof.
  • the examples further show that a drastic limitation in coating speed occurs when any one of the three requirements are omitted from the inventive method.
  • Our invention is generally applicable to coating viscous fluids at high speed onto web supports, particularly nonpermeable web supports such as a cellulose ester film base or baryta coated paper.
  • the invention is especially well suitedto the coating of fluid gelatinous coating compositions, such as gelatino-silver-halide photographic emulsions and antih-alation pelloid backings, such as carbon black dispersed in gelatin.
  • the low viscosity fluid may advantageously be a gelatinous fluid coating composition.
  • the viscosity of the fluids which may be coated in accordance with our invention range from 1,000 to 60,000 cps. Especially good results are achieved with fluid coating compositions having a viscosity in the range of 2,000 to 4,000 cps.
  • Such coatings may be coated simultaneously With the high viscosity coating or subsequently applied either before or after drying the first high viscosity coating. These coatings may range from low to high viscosity.
  • the low viscosity coating compositions which are employed in the invention should have a viscosity of about 5 to cps., with particularly good results being achieved with coatings of 5 to 20 cps.
  • the differential pressure which may be employed in carrying out the invention may be from 1" to 10" of water pressure and preferably is about 4 inches of water pressure.
  • This total difference in potential should be between 800 and 10,000 volts, and preferably is about 950 volts.
  • the fluid coating having a viscosity of 1,000 to 60,000 cps. is a gelatino silver halide emulsion
  • the fluid coating having a viscosity of 5 to 50 cps. is a gelatinous fluid
  • the web support is selected from the group consisting of baryta coated paper and cellulose ester film base.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

Sept. 14, 1965 F. D. MILLER ETAL COATING HIGH VISCOSITY LIQUIDS Filed June 12, 1962 INVENTORS BY MK A/TRTMRNEYS Eomlnw E M3310 2250583 E52 op wuSwn m FRANK 0. MILLER JOHN J WHEELER E953 mm; $6035 23 United States Patent 3,206,323 COATING HIGH VlSCOSlTY LIQUIDS Frank D. Miller and John J. Wheeler, Rochester, N.Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Filed June 12, 1962, Ser. No. 201,869 3 Claims. (Cl. 117-34) This invention relates to a method for coating fluid compositions, and more particularly to a method for coating viscous fluids at high speeds.
Previous attempts to coat high viscosity fluids upon nonpermeable web support-s at high speeds such as at least 200 feet per minute have generally been unsatisfactory, primarily because air bubbles are entrapped under the coatings. The formation of these bubbles can be suppressed by the coating technique which involves supplying a ribbon of fluid coating from a stationary coating device, contacting the ribbon with a moving web support and subjecting the side of the ribbon adjacent the web support to a low-er pressure (pressure differential) than the opposite side of the ribbon, as described in U.S. Patent 2,681,294, issued on June 15, 1954 to Beguin. This coating technique allows good coatings at moderate speeds, but as the coating speeds are increased to 300 feet per minute and higher, correspondingly higher pressure differentials must be maintained to prevent bubble formation. However, the use of high pressure differentials introduces other problems in obtaining good coatings. For example, at high pressure differentials, it is difficult to hold the web support on the coating roll. In addition, it is diflicult to obtain coatings free of longitudinal streaks. Therefore, it appears desirable to provide a method for coating viscous fluids onto web supports at high speeds which overcomes the difficulties encountered by prior art methods.
One object of our invention is to provide a method of coating viscous fluids onto web supports at high speeds. Another object of our invention is to provide a method of coating viscous fluids onto web supports at high speeds without forming air bubbles in the coating. A further object of our invention is to provide a method of coating viscous fluids onto nonpermeable web supports at high speeds without the use of high differential pressures. Still another object of our invention is to provide a method of coating viscous fluids onto nonpermeable web supports at speeds above 200 feet per minute. A further object of our invention is to provide a method of coating viscous photographic emulsions onto nonpermeable support-s, such as baryta coated paper or cellulose ester film base, at speeds above 200 feet per minute.
Other objects of our invention will appear herein.
We have found that viscous fluids may be coated onto a web support at high speeds by the coating method which comprises forming a ribbon containing a distinct layer of the viscous fluid and a distinct layer of a low viscosity fluid coating composition, contacting the side of the ribbon composed of the layer of low viscosity fluid coating composition with a web support having an electrostatic potential different than that of said ribbon, simultaneously supplying the ribbon and the web support while moving the support across and in contact with the ribbon, and subjecting that side of the ribbon having the layer of low viscosity fluid coating composition to a lower pressure than the other side of the ribbon.
The drawing represents a diagrammatic view illustrating an apparatus which may be used to practice the coating method of the invention. The web support 1 is passed around a grounded metal roll 2 and under a device 3 for imparting a charge to web support 1. The web support 1 is then passed around guide roll 4 and thence around 3,205,323 Patented Sept. 14, 1965 grounded metal coating roll 5, .and past a stationary coating device 6 having inlet means 7 for a low viscosity liquid coating composition and an inlet means 8 to supply the viscous fluid coating composition. The low viscosity fluid coating 7 and the viscous fluid coating 8 pass through orifices L and L, respectively, and are simultaneously coated onto the web support 1 in distinct layer relationship as indicated at 10 and 11. A vacuum chamber 12 is provided to subject the ribbon of coating fluids to a lower pressure on the side of the ribbon composed of the layer of low viscosity fluid coating composition than the opposite side of the ribbon, and is provided with an evacuation pipe 13 attached to evacuating means not shown.
The utilization of a flow of ionized air to render a web or other sheet material electrically neutral or'to distribute an electrical charge on the surface thereof is well known in the art, and apparatus for generating such flows of ionizedair are disclosed in US. Patents 1,678,869, which was granted to M. Morrison on July 31, 1938, and 2,497,604, which was granted to P. Henry et al. on February 14, 1950.
The method of simultaneously applying multiple coatings is described in US. Patent 2,761,791, issued September'4, 1956, to T. A. Russell. Apparatus for applying simultaneously a plurality of coatings is described in US. Patents 2,761,417, issued September 4, 1956 to T. A. Russell et al., and 2,761,418, issued September 4, 1956 to T. A. Russell.
The method of coating fluids onto a support which involves employing a lower pressure on the side of the ribbon of coating composition adjacent to the web support than the pressure on the opposite side of the ribbon is described in U.S. Patent 2,681,294, issued June 15, 1954 to Beguin.
Our invention will be further illustrated by the following examples which demonstrate the necessity for incorporating all the aspects of applicants combination to achieve high speed coating of viscous fluids.
Example 1 A high viscosity 30% gelatin solution, having a viscosity of 3,000 cps., was coated at 110 F. onto cellulose ester film base at the rate of .5 to .18 lb. per square feet using a pressure differential of 4 inches of water pressure. The maximum speed of coating which could be achieved without the formation of undesirable bubbles was 213 feet per minute.
Example 2 A gelatin solution having a viscosity of 2,500 cps. was coated onto cellulose ester film base at the rate of .5 to .18 lb. per 100 square feet. A pressure differential of 26 inches of water pressure was required to achieve a good coating at a coating speed of 300 feet per minute. At a coating speed of 500 feet per minute, a pressure differential of 49 inches of water pressure failed to prevent the formation of bubbles in the coating.
Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that a low viscosity (15 cps.) gelatin coating was simultaneously coated with the viscous fluid of Example 1 so that the low viscosity coating was adjacent the film base, in accordance with the method described by Russell US. Patent 2,761,791, at the rate of .04 lb. per 100 square feet. The maximum speed which could be achieved without the formation of bubbles was 280 feet per minute.
Example 4 A high viscosity 30% gelatin solution having a viscosity of 3,000 cps., was coated at F. on to cellulose ester film base to which had been imparted an electrostatic charge of 950 field volts. Bubbles were formed in the coating at a coating speed of 213 feet per minute.
Example A high viscosity gelatin solution, having a viscosity of 3,000 cps., was simultaneously coated (in accordance with the method described by Russell U.S. Patent 2,761,791) With a low viscosity (15 cps.) gelatin solution at 110 F. onto a cellulose ester film base to which had been imparted an electrostatic charge of 950 volts as measured against a grounded metal roll. The low viscosity gelatin solution was applied adjacent the film base at the rate of .04 lb. per 100 square feet with the high viscosity gelatin solution thereover at the rate of .5 to .18 lb. per 100 square feet. A pressure differential of 4 inches of water pressure was maintained in accordance with the method described by Beguin U.S. Patent 2,681,294. No bubbles were formed in coatings obtained at the coating rate of 500 feet per minute. The coatings were highly satisfactory in all respects.
The above examples demonstrate that a highly unexpected increased rate of coating high viscosity fluids on a web support is achieved when (1) a low viscosity fluid coating composition is simultaneously coated with the high viscosity coating composition, applying the layer of low viscosity fluid coating adjacent the support, by forming a ribbon containing a layer of the high viscosity fluid and the low viscosity fluid in bridging relationship between a stationary coating device and the Web support, (2) subjecting that side of the ribbon having the layer of low viscosity composition to a lower pressure than the opposite side of the ribbon, and (3) maintaining an electrostatic potential difference between the ribbon and the web support prior to the point of contact thereof. The examples further show that a drastic limitation in coating speed occurs when any one of the three requirements are omitted from the inventive method.
7 Our invention is generally applicable to coating viscous fluids at high speed onto web supports, particularly nonpermeable web supports such as a cellulose ester film base or baryta coated paper. The invention is especially well suitedto the coating of fluid gelatinous coating compositions, such as gelatino-silver-halide photographic emulsions and antih-alation pelloid backings, such as carbon black dispersed in gelatin. The low viscosity fluid may advantageously be a gelatinous fluid coating composition.
Other suitable low viscosity fluid coating compositions may be employed.
The viscosity of the fluids which may be coated in accordance with our invention range from 1,000 to 60,000 cps. Especially good results are achieved with fluid coating compositions having a viscosity in the range of 2,000 to 4,000 cps.
In some instances, it may be desirable to provide web supports having various coatings over the high viscosity fluid coating. Such coatings may be coated simultaneously With the high viscosity coating or subsequently applied either before or after drying the first high viscosity coating. These coatings may range from low to high viscosity.
The low viscosity coating compositions which are employed in the invention should have a viscosity of about 5 to cps., with particularly good results being achieved with coatings of 5 to 20 cps.
The differential pressure which may be employed in carrying out the invention may be from 1" to 10" of water pressure and preferably is about 4 inches of water pressure.
While we have found it convenient to obtain the required potential diflference between the web support and the coating fluid by the apparatus shown herein, there are many other means of achieving this potential difference which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
The important consideration is that there be a different electrostatic potential between the web support and the coating composition prior to the point of contact. This total difference in potential should be between 800 and 10,000 volts, and preferably is about 950 volts.
The invention has been described in detail With particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims.
-We claim:
1. The method of coating a fluid having a viscosity of 1,000 to 60,000 cps. onto a nonpermeable web support at speeds in excess of about 300 ft./min. which comprises:
(1) forming a ribbon containing both a layer of the fluid coating and an outer layer of a fluid coating having a viscosity of 5 to 50 ops,
(2) subjecting that side of the ribbon composed of the layer of fluid having a viscosity of 5 to 50 cps. to a lower pressure than the other side of the ribbon, the diiference in pressure being from about 1 to about 10 inches of Water pressure,
(3) contacting the side of the ribbon composed of the fluid having a viscosity of 5 to 50 cps. with a nonpermeable web support having an electrostatic potential different than that of said ribbon, said electrostatic potential difierence being from 800 to 10,000 volts, and
(4) simultaneously supplying the ribbon and moving the web support across and in contact with the ribbon.
2; The method of claim 1 wherein the fluid coating having a viscosity of 1,000 to 60,000 cps. is a gelatino silver halide emulsion, the fluid coating having a viscosity of 5 to 50 cps. is a gelatinous fluid and the web support is selected from the group consisting of baryta coated paper and cellulose ester film base.
3. The method of coating a gelatino silver halide emulsion having a viscosity of 2,000 to 4,000 cps. at speeds in excess of about 300 ft./-min. onto a web support selected from the group consisting of baryta coated paper and cellulose ester film base which comprises:
(1) forming a ribbon containing both a layer of the gelatino silver halide emulsion and an outer layer of a gelatinous fluid having a viscosity of 5 to 25 cps,
(2) subjecting the side of the ribbon composed of the layer of gelatinous fluid to a lower pressure than the other side of the ribbon, the difference in pressure being about 4 inches of water pressure,
(3) contacting the side of the ribbon composed of the gelatinous fluid with said web support, said web support having an electrostatic potential different than that of said ribbon, said electrostatic potential difference being about 950 volts, and
(4) simultaneously supplying the ribbon and moving the web support across and in contact with the ribbon.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,678,869 7/28 Morrison 317-2 2,497,604 2/50 Henry. et a1 28-22 2,681,294 6/54 Beguin 117-34 2,761,791 9/56 Russell 117-34 2,952,559 9/60 Nadeau 117-34 3,082,144 3/63 Haley 117-34 X WILLIAM D. MARTIN, Primary Examiner. MURRAY KATZ, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF COATING A FLUID HAVING A VISCOSITY OF 1.000 TO 60.000 CPS. ONTO A NONPERMEABLE WEB SUPPORT AT SPEEDS IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 300 FT./MIN. WHICH COMPRISES: (1) FORMING A RIBBON CONTAINING BOTH A LAYER OF THE FLUID COATING AND AN OUTER LAYER OF A FLUID COATING HAVING A VISCOSITY OF 5 TO 50 CPS., (2) SUBJECTING THAT SIDE OF THE RIBBON COMPOSED OF HTE LAYER OF FLUID HAVING A VISCOSITY OF 5 TO 50 CPS. TO A LOWER PRESSURE THAN THE OTHER SIDE OF THE RIBBON, THE DIFFERENCE IN PRESSURE BEING FROM 1 TO ABOTU 10 INCHES OF WATER PRESSURE, (3) CONTACTING THE SIDE OF THE RIBBON COMPOSED OF THE FLUID HAVING A VISCOSITY OF 5 TO 50 CPS. WITH A NONPERMEABLE WEB SUPPORT HAVING AN ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENT THAN THAT OF SAID RIBBON, SAID ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BEING FROM 800 TO 10.000 VOLTS, AND (4) SIMULTANEOUSLY SUPPLYING THE RIBBON AND MOVING THE WEB SUPPORT ACROSS AND IN CONTACT WITH THE RIBBON.
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Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3335026A (en) * 1963-07-16 1967-08-08 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for coating liquid compositions employing electrostatic field
US3501330A (en) * 1964-10-26 1970-03-17 Agfa Gevaert Nv Manufacture of electrophotographic materials
US3502494A (en) * 1965-11-04 1970-03-24 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process and apparatus for continuous fluid coating of a traveling web
US3503370A (en) * 1966-05-02 1970-03-31 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Coating apparatus
US3508947A (en) * 1968-06-03 1970-04-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method for simultaneously applying a plurality of coated layers by forming a stable multilayer free-falling vertical curtain
US3522080A (en) * 1966-04-29 1970-07-28 Bayer Ag Process for hardening the surfaces of synthetic materials
US3526528A (en) * 1965-10-28 1970-09-01 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Multiple doctor coating process and apparatus
US3539426A (en) * 1966-01-13 1970-11-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Multiple layer coating method
US3547682A (en) * 1968-03-15 1970-12-15 Hercules Inc Composite polyolefin extrusion coating of substrates
US3584600A (en) * 1967-07-21 1971-06-15 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Multiple doctor blade coating apparatus
US3638604A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-01 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for coating strip-form substrates
US3640752A (en) * 1966-05-02 1972-02-08 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Coating method
US3641978A (en) * 1968-01-09 1972-02-15 Porvair Ltd Coating apparatus
US3645773A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating substrates in strip-form with photographic emulsion
US3663292A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-05-16 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating strip-form substrates
US3756195A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-09-04 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for coating a continuous web
US3869304A (en) * 1972-11-20 1975-03-04 Uniroyal Inc Fabric coating by extrusion die-calendering apparatus and method
US3916043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1975-10-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating a spliced web
US3918977A (en) * 1972-09-14 1975-11-11 Gte Sylvania Inc Method for coating metallic strips
US4001024A (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-01-04 Eastman Kodak Company Method of multi-layer coating
FR2392414A1 (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-12-22 Polaroid Corp PROCESS FOR A MULTI-LAYER COATING
EP0096453A2 (en) * 1982-06-07 1983-12-21 Acumeter Laboratories Inc. Method of and apparatus for multi-layer viscous fluid deposition such as for the application of adhesives and the like
EP0110074A2 (en) * 1982-10-21 1984-06-13 Agfa-Gevaert AG Multiple coating process for moving webs
US4466378A (en) * 1981-07-02 1984-08-21 Dynamelt Limited Coating applicator head
US4537801A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-08-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Coating method and apparatus
US4798163A (en) * 1985-11-26 1989-01-17 Meltex Verbindungs-Technik Gmbh Slit nozzle
US4835021A (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-05-30 Eastman Kodak Company Coating process
US4863765A (en) * 1988-02-23 1989-09-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of multi-layer coating
CH673745GA3 (en) * 1982-10-21 1990-04-12
US4948654A (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-08-14 Eastman Kodak Company Sheet material useful in forming protective and decorative coatings
US5186754A (en) * 1989-04-07 1993-02-16 Konica Corporation Coater
US5456944A (en) * 1991-10-15 1995-10-10 Eastman Kodak Company Magnetic dispersion coating method having high shear regions
US5607726A (en) * 1994-10-17 1997-03-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the preparation of composite coatings with variable thickness
US5728430A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for multilayer coating using pressure gradient regulation
US5962075A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-10-05 Avery Dennison Method of multilayer die coating using viscosity adjustment techniques
EP0999249A2 (en) * 1998-11-04 2000-05-10 Singulus Technologies AG Process for avoiding the inclusion of bubbles during the joining by adhesives of optical data carrier substrates
US6368675B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-04-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6475572B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method with focused web-borne charges
US20030152740A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-08-14 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Method for splicing and coating webs as well as a web obtained with such methods
US20040035451A1 (en) * 1999-03-10 2004-02-26 Kenichi Mitsumori Ultrasonic cleaner and wet treatment nozzle comprising the same
US6776948B1 (en) 2001-07-26 2004-08-17 Ultrafab, Inc. Method and apparatus for applying coatings of molten thermoplastic material over closed pore elastomer foam substrates
US20040216663A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2004-11-04 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Medium application device
US6824828B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-11-30 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners
US20080083843A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2008-04-10 Aisin Kako Kabushiki Kaisha Wide split nozzle and coating method by wide slit nozzle
US20090174755A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of and apparatus for ink jet printing using an electrostatic field
US7718251B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2010-05-18 Amesbury Group, Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing reinforced weatherstrip
EP2903065A4 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-12-23 Nissan Motor Coating device
US10329834B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2019-06-25 Amesbury Group, Inc. Low compression-force TPE weatherseals

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Cited By (67)

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US3335026A (en) * 1963-07-16 1967-08-08 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for coating liquid compositions employing electrostatic field
US3501330A (en) * 1964-10-26 1970-03-17 Agfa Gevaert Nv Manufacture of electrophotographic materials
US3526528A (en) * 1965-10-28 1970-09-01 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Multiple doctor coating process and apparatus
US3502494A (en) * 1965-11-04 1970-03-24 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process and apparatus for continuous fluid coating of a traveling web
US3539426A (en) * 1966-01-13 1970-11-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Multiple layer coating method
US3522080A (en) * 1966-04-29 1970-07-28 Bayer Ag Process for hardening the surfaces of synthetic materials
US3503370A (en) * 1966-05-02 1970-03-31 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Coating apparatus
US3640752A (en) * 1966-05-02 1972-02-08 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Coating method
US3584600A (en) * 1967-07-21 1971-06-15 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Multiple doctor blade coating apparatus
US3641978A (en) * 1968-01-09 1972-02-15 Porvair Ltd Coating apparatus
US3547682A (en) * 1968-03-15 1970-12-15 Hercules Inc Composite polyolefin extrusion coating of substrates
US3508947A (en) * 1968-06-03 1970-04-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method for simultaneously applying a plurality of coated layers by forming a stable multilayer free-falling vertical curtain
US3663292A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-05-16 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating strip-form substrates
US3645773A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating substrates in strip-form with photographic emulsion
US3638604A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-01 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for coating strip-form substrates
US3756195A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-09-04 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for coating a continuous web
US3916043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1975-10-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating a spliced web
US3918977A (en) * 1972-09-14 1975-11-11 Gte Sylvania Inc Method for coating metallic strips
US3869304A (en) * 1972-11-20 1975-03-04 Uniroyal Inc Fabric coating by extrusion die-calendering apparatus and method
US4001024A (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-01-04 Eastman Kodak Company Method of multi-layer coating
DE2712055A1 (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-10-06 Eastman Kodak Co PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL
FR2392414A1 (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-12-22 Polaroid Corp PROCESS FOR A MULTI-LAYER COATING
US4466378A (en) * 1981-07-02 1984-08-21 Dynamelt Limited Coating applicator head
US4537801A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-08-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Coating method and apparatus
EP0096453A2 (en) * 1982-06-07 1983-12-21 Acumeter Laboratories Inc. Method of and apparatus for multi-layer viscous fluid deposition such as for the application of adhesives and the like
US4476165A (en) * 1982-06-07 1984-10-09 Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. Method of and apparatus for multi-layer viscous fluid deposition such as for the application of adhesives and the like
EP0096453A3 (en) * 1982-06-07 1985-06-26 Acumeter Laboratories Inc. Method of and apparatus for multi-layer viscous fluid deposition such as for the application of adhesives and the like
EP0110074A2 (en) * 1982-10-21 1984-06-13 Agfa-Gevaert AG Multiple coating process for moving webs
EP0110074A3 (en) * 1982-10-21 1985-11-13 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Multiple coating process for moving webs
CH673745GA3 (en) * 1982-10-21 1990-04-12
US4798163A (en) * 1985-11-26 1989-01-17 Meltex Verbindungs-Technik Gmbh Slit nozzle
US4863765A (en) * 1988-02-23 1989-09-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of multi-layer coating
US4835021A (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-05-30 Eastman Kodak Company Coating process
US4948654A (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-08-14 Eastman Kodak Company Sheet material useful in forming protective and decorative coatings
US5186754A (en) * 1989-04-07 1993-02-16 Konica Corporation Coater
US5456944A (en) * 1991-10-15 1995-10-10 Eastman Kodak Company Magnetic dispersion coating method having high shear regions
US5582645A (en) * 1991-10-15 1996-12-10 Eastman Kodak Company Magnetic dispersion coating apparatus having high shear regions
US5607726A (en) * 1994-10-17 1997-03-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the preparation of composite coatings with variable thickness
US6824828B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-11-30 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners
US5728430A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for multilayer coating using pressure gradient regulation
US5962075A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-10-05 Avery Dennison Method of multilayer die coating using viscosity adjustment techniques
US20050074549A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2005-04-07 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners and liners formed thereby
US20050100677A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2005-05-12 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners and liners formed thereby
EP0999249A2 (en) * 1998-11-04 2000-05-10 Singulus Technologies AG Process for avoiding the inclusion of bubbles during the joining by adhesives of optical data carrier substrates
EP0999249A3 (en) * 1998-11-04 2003-02-26 Singulus Technologies AG Process for avoiding the inclusion of bubbles during the joining by adhesives of optical data carrier substrates
US7523524B2 (en) * 1999-03-10 2009-04-28 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic cleaner and wet treatment nozzle comprising the same
US20040035451A1 (en) * 1999-03-10 2004-02-26 Kenichi Mitsumori Ultrasonic cleaner and wet treatment nozzle comprising the same
US20040216663A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2004-11-04 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Medium application device
US7247206B2 (en) * 2000-03-14 2007-07-24 Voith Paper Patent, Gmbh Medium application device
US6475572B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method with focused web-borne charges
US6716286B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2004-04-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6666918B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2003-12-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating apparatus with focused web charge field
US6368675B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-04-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6776948B1 (en) 2001-07-26 2004-08-17 Ultrafab, Inc. Method and apparatus for applying coatings of molten thermoplastic material over closed pore elastomer foam substrates
US20040208997A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2004-10-21 Arvidson Richard T Method and apparatus for applying coatings of molten thermoplastic material over closed pore elastomer foam substrates
US7255769B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2007-08-14 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V. Method for splicing and coating webs as well as a web obtained with such methods
US20030152740A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-08-14 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Method for splicing and coating webs as well as a web obtained with such methods
US8893644B2 (en) * 2002-02-21 2014-11-25 Aisin Kako Kabushiki Kaisha Wide slit nozzle for discharging a damping material in an overlapping manner with fixed dimensions
US20080083843A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2008-04-10 Aisin Kako Kabushiki Kaisha Wide split nozzle and coating method by wide slit nozzle
US9358716B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2016-06-07 Amesbury Group, Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing reinforced weatherstrip
US7718251B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2010-05-18 Amesbury Group, Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing reinforced weatherstrip
US10265900B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2019-04-23 Amesbury Group, Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing reinforced weatherstrip
US7942495B2 (en) 2008-01-08 2011-05-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of and apparatus for ink jet printing using an electrostatic field
US20090174755A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of and apparatus for ink jet printing using an electrostatic field
EP2903065A4 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-12-23 Nissan Motor Coating device
US10329834B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2019-06-25 Amesbury Group, Inc. Low compression-force TPE weatherseals
US10676985B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2020-06-09 Amesbury Group, Inc. Low compression-force TPE weatherseals

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