Classifications

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  • C07C311/37—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having the sulfur atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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  • A61K31/341—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide not condensed with another ring, e.g. ranitidine, furosemide, bufetolol, muscarine
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  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/351—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with another ring
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  • A61K31/397—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
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  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/401—Proline; Derivatives thereof, e.g. captopril
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  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
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  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4453—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine only substituted in position 1, e.g. propipocaine, diperodon
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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4468—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having a nitrogen directly attached in position 4, e.g. clebopride, fentanyl
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  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
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  • C07C311/20—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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Definitions

• the Hepatitis B virus is an enveloped, partially double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus of the Hepadnavirus family (Hepadnaviridae). Its genome contains 4 overlapping reading frames: the precore/core gene; the polymerase gene; the L, M, and S genes, which encode for the 3 envelope proteins; and the X gene.
• the partially double-stranded DNA genome (the relaxed circular DNA; rcDNA) is converted to a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of the host cell and the viral mRNAs are transcribed.
• the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which also codes for core protein and Pol, serves as the template for reverse transcription, which regenerates the partially dsDNA genome (rcDNA) in the nucleocapsid.
• HBV has caused epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa, and it is endemic in China. HBV has infected approximately 2 billion people worldwide of which approximately 350 million people have developed chronic infections. The virus causes the disease hepatitis B and chronic infection is correlated with a strongly increased risk for the development cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Transmission of hepatitis B virus results from exposure to infectious blood or body fluids, while viral DNA has been detected in the saliva, tears, and urine of chronic carriers with high titer DNA in serum.
• heteroaryldihydropyrimidines were identified as a class of HBV inhibitors in tissue culture and animal models (Weber et al., Antiviral Res. 54: 69-78).
• WO2013/006394 published on Jan. 10, 2013, and WO2013/096744, published on Jun. 27, 2013 relate to subclasses of Sulphamoyl-arylamides active against HBV.
• HBV direct antivirals may encounter are toxicity, mutagenicity, lack of selectivity, poor efficacy, poor bioavailability and difficulty of synthesis.
• HBV inhibitors that may overcome at least one of these disadvantages or that have additional advantages such as increased potency or an increased safety window.
• the present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I)
• the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the invention also relates to the compounds of Formula (I) for use as a medicament, preferably for use in the prevention or treatment of an HBV infection in a mammal.
• the invention relates to a combination of a compound of Formula (I), and another HBV inhibitor.
• C 1-3 alkyl refers to a hydrocarbyl radical of Formula C n H 2n+1 wherein n is a number ranging from 1 to 3. In case C 1-3 alkyl is coupled to a further radical, it refers to a Formula C n H 2n .
• C 1-3 alkyl groups comprise from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
• C 1-3 alkyl includes all linear, or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 3 carbon atoms, and thus includes such as for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and i-propyl.
• C 1-4 alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the group defined for C 1-3 alkyl and butyl and the like.
• C 1-6 alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as the groups defined for
• C 1-4 alkenyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms with at least one double bond at any possible position.
• alkenyls are ethenyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl.
• C 1-6 alkenyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms with at least one double bond.
• C 1-3 alkyloxy refers to a radical having the Formula —OR c wherein R c is C 1-3 alkyl.
• suitable C 1-3 alkyloxy include methyloxy (also methoxy), ethyloxy (also ethoxy), propyloxy and isopropyloxy.
• oxo, C( ⁇ O), or carbonyl refers to a group composed of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.
• 3-7 membered saturated ring means saturated cyclic hydrocarbon with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and is generic to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• Such saturated ring optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, such that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O and S, in particular from N and O.
• heteroatoms such that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O and S, in particular from N and O.
• Examples include oxetane, azetidine, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl and pyrrolidinyl.
• Preferred are saturated cyclic hydrocarbon with 3 or 4 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Examples include oxetane and tetrahydrofuranyl.
• aryl monocyclic 5 to 6 membered aromatic ring
• a preferred example of an aryl group is phenyl.
• Such saturated ring optionally contains one or more heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and N (“heteroaryl”)
• a heteroaryl group need only have some degree of aromatic character.
• Illustrative examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, (1,2,3,)- and (1,2,4)-triazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, and oxazolyl.
• a heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable substituents.
• 6-10 membered bicyclic ring indicates a saturated bi-cyclic ring with 6-7-8-9 or 10 atoms.
• Such saturated bi-cyclic ring optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, such that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O and S, in particular from N and O.
• 6-10 membered bicyclic ring as used herein arean 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decyl moiety indicating a group with structural formula
• 6-10 membered bridged ring indicates a saturated bridged ring with 6-7-8-9 or 10 atoms.
• saturated bi-cyclic ring optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, such that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O and S, in particular from N and O.
• An example of such 6-10 membered bridged ring as used herein is -oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan represented by structure
• a dihydroindenyl moiety represents a group with structural formula
• Such dihydroindenyl moiety can be optionally substituted with OH.
• a 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl moiety indicates a group with structural formula
• a tetrahydronaphtalenyl moiety represents a group with structural formula
• the attachment to the main structure may be anywhere on such moiety as long as it is chemically stable.
• pyrrolyl may be 1H-pyrrolyl or 2H-pyrrolyl.
• halo and halogen are generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. Preferred halogens are fluoro and Chloro.
• radical positions on any molecular moiety used in the definitions may be anywhere on such moiety as long as it is chemically stable.
• pyridyl includes 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl
• pentyl includes 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl.
• Positions indicated on phenyl are indicated relative to the bond connecting the phenyl to the main structure.
• An example with regard to the position of R 4 any location is indicated relative to the nitrogen (*) connected to the main structure:
• the salts of the compounds of formula (I) are those wherein the counter ion is pharmaceutically or physiologically acceptable.
• salts having a pharmaceutically unacceptable counter ion may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound of formula (I). All salts, whether pharmaceutically acceptable or not are included within the ambit of the present invention.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable or physiologically tolerable addition salt forms which the compounds of the present invention are able to form can conveniently be prepared using the appropriate acids, such as, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid; sulfuric; hemisulphuric, nitric; phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, aspartic, dodecylsulphuric, heptanoic, hexanoic, nicotinic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, p-aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids.
• salts also comprises the hydrates and the solvent addition forms that the compounds of the present invention are able to form. Examples of such forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and the like.
• present compounds may also exist in their tautomeric forms for example, tautomeric forms of amide (—C( ⁇ O)—NH—) groups are iminoalcohols (—C(OH) ⁇ N—). Tautomeric forms, although not explicitly indicated in the structural formulae represented herein, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
• stereochemically isomeric forms of compounds of the present invention defines all possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable, which the compounds of the present invention may possess.
• chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms which said compound may possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound.
• All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of the present invention both in pure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
• stereoisomerically pure concerns compounds or intermediates having a stereoisomeric excess of at least 80% (i e minimum 90% of one isomer and maximum 10% of the other possible isomers) up to a stereoisomeric excess of 100% (i.e.
• Pure stereoisomeric forms of the compounds and intermediates of this invention may be obtained by the application of art-known procedures.
• enantiomers may be separated from each other by the selective crystallization of their diastereomeric salts with optically active acids or bases. Examples thereof are tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoluoyltartaric acid and camphosulfonic acid.
• enantiomers may be separated by chromatographic techniques using chiral stationary phases.
• Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.
• said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
• the diastereomeric racemates of formula (I) can be obtained separately by conventional methods.
• Appropriate physical separation methods that may advantageously be employed are, for example, selective crystallization and chromatography, e.g. column chromatography.
• the present invention is also intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring on the present compounds.
• Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
• isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14.
• the present compounds or similar term is meant to include the compounds of general formula (I), (I*), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) and (Id), salts, stereoisomeric forms and racemic mixtures or any subgroups thereof.
• the present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I)
• the invention further provides compound of Formula (I)
• At least one R 4 represents Fluor, and one other R 4 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkenyl, CHF 2 or cyclopropyl.
• one R 4 represents Fluor and one other R 4 is selected from the group consisting of methyl or CHF 2 , preferably methyl, and wherein the location of said Fluor is on the para position and the location of said methyl or CHF 2 is on the meta position related to the Nitrogen (*) as indicated In Formula (I*) below.
• the invention provides compound of Formula (I) wherein at least one R 4 represents Fluor, and one other R 4 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkenyl, CHF 2 or cyclopropyl; more preferably, one R 4 represents Fluor and one other R 4 is selected from the group consisting of methyl or CHF 2 and wherein the location of said Fluor is on the para position and the location of said methyl or CHF 2 is on the meta position related to the Nitrogen (*) and R 2 represents a 4-7 membered saturated ring containing carbon and one or more oxygen atoms, such 4-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN
• R 2 represents a 4-7 membered saturated ring containing carbon and one or more oxygen atoms
• such 4-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• a preferred substituent for such a 4-7 membered saturated ring containing carbon and one or more oxygen atoms is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
• the saturated ring is a 4, 5 or 6 membered ring.
• R 2 represents a 4-7 membered saturated ring containing carbon and one or more nitrogen atoms, such 4-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3
• R 2 represents a 4-7 membered saturated ring containing carbon and one or more oxygen atoms, such 4-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3
• any optional substituent on such 3-7, 4-7 and 5-7 membered saturated ring, 6-10 membered bicyclic or bridged ring, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-R 5 or C 1 -C 6 alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Fluoro, OH, C 1 -C 3 alkyl and CF 3 , most preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen C 1 -C 3 alkyl, Fluoro and CF 3 .
• compounds according to Formula (I) are provided wherein B represents phenyl or thiophene, optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• R 1 , R 2 , R 4 are defined as in any one of the embodiments as described and R 3 is selected from the group comprising hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, CF 3 .
• R 3 represents Fluor or hydrogen, more preferably hydrogen.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are defined as in any one of the embodiments as described.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are defined as in any one of the embodiments described and R 3 is selected from the group comprising hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, CF 3 .
• the compounds according to the invention are envisioned for use in the prevention or treatment of an HBV infection in a mammal.
• the present invention provides compounds which can be represented by Formula (I):
• the invention relates to compounds according to Formula (I)
• the present invention additionally relates to compound of Formula (I)
• R 2 represents a 3-7 membered saturated ring, containing one or more heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, such 3-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, oxo, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• R 2 represents a 4-7 membered saturated ring containing carbon and one or more oxygen atoms, such 4-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C( ⁇ O)— C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• R 1 and R 2 together with the Nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5-7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, such 5-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, oxo, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• B represents phenyl or thiophene, optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• At least one R 4 represents Fluor, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CHF 2 or cyclopropyl.
• At least one R 4 represents methyl, i-propyl or cyclopropyl.
• one R 4 represents methyl, i-propyl or cyclopropyl and the other R 4 represents Fluor, or hydrogen.
• the position of R 4 preferably is meta and/or para (position indicated from —N ⁇ ).
• One specific embodiment is a compound of Formula (I) wherein one R 4 on the para position represents Fluor and the other one R 4 on the meta position represents Fluor or methyl (position indicated from —N ⁇ ).
• R 1 , R 2 , R 4 are defined as above and R 3 is selected from the group comprising hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, CF 3 .
• R 3 represents Fluor or hydrogen.
• the invention further relates to compounds according to Formula (I)
• R 1 , R 2 , B are defined as above and each R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, CF 3 or a 3-5 membered saturated ring optionally containing one or more heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of O and N.
• B represents phenyl or thiophene, optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• At least one R 4 represents Fluor, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CHF 2 or cyclopropyl.
• at least one R 4 represents methyl, i-propyl or cyclopropyl.
• one R 4 represents methyl, i-propyl or cyclopropyl and the other R 4 represents Fluor, or hydrogen.
• the position of R 4 preferably is meta and/or para.
• One specific embodiment is a compound of Formula (I) wherein one R 4 on the para position represents Fluor and the other one R 4 on the meta position represents Fluor or methyl.
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• Each R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, CF 3 or a 3-5 membered saturated ring optionally containing one or more heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of O and N;
• R 6 represents a 4-7 membered saturated ring consisting of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of O or S, such 4-7 membered saturated ring optionally being substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyloxy, oxo, C( ⁇ O)—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, OH, CN, CFH 2 , CF 2 H and CF 3 .
• Preferred compounds according to the invention are compounds or a stereoisomer or tautomeric form thereof with a formula or reference to a formula selected from the following tables 1 and 2:
• the present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) as specified herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a prophylactically effective amount in this context is an amount sufficient to prevent HBV infection in subjects being at risk of being infected.
• a therapeutically effective amount in this context is an amount sufficient to stabilize HBV infection, to reduce HBV infection, or to eradicate HBV infection, in infected subjects.
• this invention relates to a process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition as specified herein, which comprises intimately mixing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), as specified herein.
• compositions of the present invention may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes.
• compositions there may be cited all compositions usually employed for systemically administering drugs.
• an effective amount of the particular compound, optionally in addition salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• These pharmaceutical compositions are desirable in unitary dosage form suitable, particularly, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection.
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions and solutions; or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules, and tablets.
• solid pharmaceutical carriers are employed.
• the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, for example, to aid solubility, may be included.
• Injectable solutions may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution.
• Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Also included are solid form preparations intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations.
• the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not introduce a significant deleterious effect on the skin.
• the compounds of the present invention may also be administered via oral inhalation or insufflation in the form of a solution, a suspension or a dry powder using any art-known delivery system.
• Unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
• unit dosage forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, suppositories, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
• the compounds of Formula (I) are active as inhibitors of the HBV replication cycle and can be used in the treatment and prophylaxis of HBV infection or diseases associated with HBV.
• the latter include progressive liver fibrosis, inflammation and necrosis leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
• the compounds of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof are useful in the inhibition of the HBV replication cycle, in particular in the treatment of warm-blooded animals, in particular humans, infected with HBV, and for the prophylaxis of HBV infections.
• the present invention furthermore relates to a method of treating a warm-blooded animal, in particular human, infected by HBV, or being at risk of infection by HBV, said method comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• the compounds of Formula (I), as specified herein, may therefore be used as a medicine, in particular as medicine to treat or prevent HBV infection.
• Said use as a medicine or method of treatment comprises the systemic administration to HBV infected subjects or to subjects susceptible to HBV infection of an amount effective to combat the conditions associated with HBV infection or an amount effective to prevent HBV infection.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the present compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or the prevention of HBV infection.
• an antiviral effective daily amount would be from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg, or about 0.01 to about 30 mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, containing about 1 to about 500 mg, or about 1 to about 300 mg, or about 1 to about 100 mg, or about 2 to about 50 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
• the present invention also concerns combinations of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, as specified herein with other anti-HBV agents.
• the term “combination” may relate to a product or kit containing (a) a compound of Formula (I), as specified above, and (b) at least one other compound capable of treating HBV infection (herein designated as anti-HBV agent), as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treatment of HBV infections.
• anti-HBV agent a compound capable of treating HBV infection
• the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least one anti-HBV agent.
• the invention concerns combination of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least two anti-HBV agents.
• the invention concerns combination of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least three anti-HBV agents. In a particular embodiment, the invention concerns combination of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least four anti-HBV agents.
• anti-HBV agents such as interferon- ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ), pegylated interferon- ⁇ , 3TC, adefovir or a combination thereof, and, a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof can be used as a medicine in a combination therapy.
• IFN- ⁇ interferon- ⁇
• pegylated interferon- ⁇ 3TC
• adefovir a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof
• a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof can be used as a medicine in a combination therapy.
• a carboxylic acid chloride of general Formula II can be selectively reacted with an aniline of general formula III, for example in an organic solvent like CH 2 Cl 2 in the presence of an organic base like triethylamine or DIPEA (N,N-diisopropylethylamine), or, as another example, by addition of the aniline III to a refluxing toluene solution of compound II, resulting in compound IV.
• the remaining sulfonic acid chloride functionality in compound IV is further reacted with an amine of general formula V, resulting in a compound of general Formula (I).
• a compound of general Formula (I) might be obtained as described in scheme 2.
• the sulfonic acid chloride VI is reacted with an amine of general formula V, for example in an organic solvent like CH 2 Cl 2 in the presence of an organic base like triethylamine or DIPEA or or, as another example, in the presence of Na 2 CO 3 in a mixture of H 2 O/THF.
• the formed compound VII is coupled with aniline of general formula III in the presence of an activating reagent like for example HATU and an organic base like triethylamine or DIPEA.
• compound IV can be reacted with an amino acid XI, in the presence of a base like NaOH, resulting in compound XII as described in scheme 4.
• This intermediate XII can then optionally be cyclised to compound XIII for example by heating with acetic anhydride and KOAc in toluene, or converting the carboxylic acid to an acid chloride followed by cyclisation in the presence of a base like triethylamine
• Suitable examples of amino acids of structure XI are derivatives of 5-aminopentanoic acid or 4-aminobutanoic acid
• a synthetic route to compounds of general formula XVI is described in Scheme 5.
• a aminoethanol derivative XIV, prepared as described in scheme 1 for the compounds of general Formula (I), is transformed in a aziridine derivative XV by treatment with Diethyl diazene-1,2-dicarboxylate and PPh 3 in THF.
• the aziridine of general formula XV is reacted with a nucleophile Nu, resulting in a compound of general formula XVI.
• nucleophiles (Nu) are, but are not limited to, morpholine and 1-methylpiperazine.
• Examples of a compound synthesized according to the route described in scheme 5, are compounds 116 and 117.
• An alternative method for the synthesis of compounds of general formula VII is via ester XVII as described in scheme 6.
• Reaction of XVII with amine V for example in an organic solvent like CH 2 Cl 2 or THF in the presence of an organic base like for example triethylamine or DIPEA, followed by hydrolysis of the ester, for example with LiOH in THF/H 2 O, followed by acidification, results in a compound of general formula VII.
• a compound of general formula VII, obtained via the route in scheme 2 or scheme 6, can be transformed to and acid chloride of formula XIX, for example by treatment with oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride.
• a compound of general formula XIX can then be transformed to a compound of general Formula (I) by reaction with an aniline of general formula III.
• substitutents represented by R 4 in this general synthesis section are meant to include any substituent or reactive species that is suitable for transformation into any R 4 substitutent according to the present invention without undue burden for the person skilled in the art.
• Method A mobile phase A: H 2 O (0.1% TFA; B:CH 3 CN (0.05% TFA) Stop Time: 10 min; gradient time (min) [% A/% B]0.0 [100/0] to 1 [100/0] to 5 [40/60] to 7.5 [40/60] to 8.0 [100/0]; flow: 0.8 mL/min; column temp.: 50° C., YMC-PACK ODS-AQ, 50 ⁇ 2.0 mm 5 ⁇ m
• Method B mobile phase A: H 2 O (0.1% TFA; B:CH 3 CN (0.05% TFA) Stop Time: 10 min; gradient time (min) [% A/% B]0.0 [90/10] to 0.8 [90/10] to 4.5 [20/80] to 7.5 [20/80] to 8.0 [90/10]; flow: 0.8 mL/min; column temp.: 50° C., YMC-PACK ODS-AQ, 50 ⁇ 2.0 mm 5 ⁇ m
• Method D mobile phase A: H 2 O (0.05% NH 3 .H 2 O); B: CH 3 CN Stop Time: 10 min; gradient time (min) [% A/% B]0.0 [100/0] to 1 [100/0] to 5 [40/60] to 7.5 [40/60]; 8 [100/0] flow: 0.8 mL/min; column temp.: 40° C., XBridge Shield-RP18, 50*2.1 mm 5 ⁇ m
• Method F The LC measurement was performed using an Acquity UPLC (Waters) system with column heater (set at 55° C.). Reversed phase UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) was carried out on a bridged ethylsiloxane/silica hybrid (BEH) C18 column (1.7 ⁇ m, 2.1 ⁇ 50 mm; Waters Acquity) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Two mobile phases (10 mM ammonium acetate in H 2 O/acetonitrile 95/5; mobile phase B: acetonitrile) were used to run a gradient condition from 95% A and 5% B to 5% A and 95% B in 1.3 minutes and hold for 0.3 minutes. An injection volume of 0.5 ⁇ l was used. Cone voltage was 10 V for positive ionization mode and 20 V for negative ionization mode.
• Method G The LC measurement was performed using an Acquity UPLC (Waters) with column heater (set at 55° C.). Reversed phase UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) was carried out on a Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (1.8 ⁇ m, 2.1 ⁇ 100 mm; Waters Acquity) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.
• Acquity UPLC Waters
• Reversed phase UPLC Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
• Two mobile phases (A: 10 mM ammonium acetate in H 2 O/acetonitrile 95/5; mobile phase B: acetonitrile) were used to run a gradient condition from 100% A and 0% B to 5% A and 95% B in 2.1 minutes and subsequently to 0% A and 100% B in 0.9 minutes to 5% A and 95% B in 0.5 min.
• An injection volume of 1 ⁇ l was used.
• Cone voltage was 30 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.
• Method H Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an Atlantis C18 column (3.5 ⁇ m, 4.6 ⁇ 100 mm) with a flow rate of 1.6 mL/min. Column heater was set at 45° C. Two mobile phases (mobile phase A: 70% methanol+30% H 2 O; mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid in H 2 O/methanol 95/5) were employed to run a gradient condition from 100% B to 5% B+95% A in 9 minutes and hold these conditions for 3 minutes. An injection volume of 10 ⁇ l was used. Cone voltage was 10 V for positive ionization mode and 20 V for negative ionization mode.
• 3-ethyloxetan-3-amine 3-ethyloxetane-3-carboxylic acid (3.0 g, 23.1 mmol), DPPA (Diphenylphosphoryl azide, 7.61 g, 27.7 mmol), triethylamine (3.0 g, 23.1 mmol) and BnOH (2.99 g, 27.7 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo. Dichloromethane (50 mL) was added. The mixture was washed with 1N HCl (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL).
• N-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide 1.6 g.
• Dichloromethane (20 mL) was added and the solid was filtered off.
• N-Chlorosuccinimide (3.42 g, 25.6 mmol) was added to the mixture of 6-(benzylthio)-N-phenylpicolinamide (2 g, 6.24 mmol) in acetic acid (60 mL) and water (40 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 (100 mL). After washing with water, the organic layer was added to the mixture of cyclohexanamine (12.4 g, 125 mmol) and Et 3 N (50 mL) in CH 2 Cl 2 (200 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours.
• N-Chlorosuccinimide (2.56 g, 19.2 mmol) was added to a mixture of 2-(benzylthio)-N-phenylisonicotinamide (1.5 g, 4.68 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 (20 mL). After washing with water, the organic layer was added to the mixture of cyclohexanamine (4.641 g, 46.8 mmol) and Et 3 N (10 mL, 71.74 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours.
• HATU (0.76 g, 2.0 mmol) was then added to a mixture of 4-(N-cyclohexylsulfamoyl)-picolinic acid (380 mg, 1.34 mmol), aniline (251 mg, 2.7 mmol) and DIPEA (0.517 g, 4.0 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) at room temperature The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hour. The mixture was diluted with water (200 mL), and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
• N-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(N-isopropylsulfamoyl)benzamide (1.5 g, 3.61 mmol), ethynyltrimethylsilane (1.77 g, 18.06 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (0.127 g, 0.181 mmol) and copper iodide (34.4 mg, 0.181 mmol) were dissolved in diisopropylamine (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. in autoclave for 24 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and dichloromethane (30 mL) was added.
• N-(4-fluoro-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl)-3-(N-isopropylsulfamoyl)benzamide (0.8 g, 1.66 mmol) and TFA (4 mL) were dissolved in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25° overnight. The mixture was concentrated resulting in crude N-(3-ethynyl-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(N-isopropylsulfamoyl)benzamide which was used as such in the next step (650 mg).
• the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and the catalyst was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Water (20 mL) was added and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ⁇ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was removed in vacuo and the obtained residue was purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography over reversed phase C-18 (eluent: CH 3 CN in H 2 O (0.1% TFA) from 40% to 70%, v/v). The pure fractions were collected and the organic solvent was removed in vacuo.
• N-(4-fluoro-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(N-iso-propylsulfamoyl)benzamide 300 mg.
• N-(4-fluoro-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(N-isopropylsulfamoyl)benzamide 180 mg
• Pd/C (wet) 20 mg
• 3-methyloxetan-3-amine hydrochloride (210 mg, 1.7 mmol) and NaOH (204 mg, 5.1 mmol) were dissolved in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and H 2 O (5 mL).
• 5-chlorosulfonyl-2-methyl-benzoic acid 400 mg, 1.7 mmol was added at 0° C.
• the mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 4 hours.
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 100 mL).
• 3-(isopropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid (190 mg, 0.78 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL). 3-fluoro-4-methoxyaniline (139 mg, 0.94 mmol) and triethylamine (112 mg, 1 mmol) were added to the mixture at 20° C. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 5 minutes. HATU (358 mg, 0.94 mmol) was added to the mixture at 20° C. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 8 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the obtained residue was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*20 mm*Sum..
• Compound 224 was prepared similarly as described for compound 223, using 1-(4-pyridyl)propan-2-amine instead of 1-(2-pyridyl)propan-2-amine Compound 224 was purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (column: Luna 150*30 mm*4 u, mobile phase: CH 3 CN in water (0.05% NH 4 HCO 3 ) from 40% to 70%). Method A; Rt: 4.6 min. m/z: 428.3 (M+H) + Exact mass: 427.1.
• 3-chlorosulfonyl-2-methyl-benzoic acid (commercial from Enamine EN300-109516; 508.4 mg, 2.17 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL). DMF (1 drop) and oxalylchloride (1375 mg, 10.83 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated resulting in 3-chlorosulfonyl-2-methyl-benzoyl chloride as a yellow oil (554 mg) which was used as such in the next step.
• Procedure S1 A solution of 3-[(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)carbamoyl]benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.50 g, 1.52 mmol, 1 eq) in toluene (10 mL) was added to a flask containing an amine (1.1 eq). DIPEA (657 ⁇ L, 3.81 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Next, 1M HCl (5 mL) was added to the reaction mixture.
• Procedure S2 A tube was charged with 3-[(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)carbamoyl]-benzenesulfonyl chloride (250 mg, 0.76 mmol) and an amine (1.1 eq) and CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL) was added. The solution was stirred, DIPEA (329 ⁇ L, 1.9 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Then, HCl (1M aq/5 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes more.
• Cis Enantiomers 134a and 134b N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]sulfamoyl]benzamide or N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]sulfamoyl]benzamide.
• 141a, 141c N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1S,2S)-1-hydroxyindan-2-yl]-sulfamoyl]benzamide or N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1R,2R)-1-hydroxyindan-2-yl]sulfamoyl]benzamide.
• 141b, 141d N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxyindan-2-yl]sulfamoyl]benzamide or N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxyindan-2-yl]sulfamoyl]benzamide.
• the mixture of 145c and 145d was further purified by Preparative SFC (Stationary phase: Chiralpak Diacel AD 30 ⁇ 250 mm), Mobile phase: CO 2 , EtOH with 0.4% iPrNH 2 ), the desired fractions were collected, evaporated, dissolved in MeOH and evaporated again yielding 145c (29 mg) and 145d (27 mg).
• 145a and 145b N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl]sulfamoyl]benzamide or N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-[[(1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl]sulfamoyl]benzamide.
• Racemic compound 179 was separated in enantiomers 179a and 179b by Preparative SFC (Stationary phase: Chiralpak Diacel AD 30 ⁇ 250 mm), Mobile phase: CO 2 , iPrOH with 0.4% iPrNH 2 ) The collected fractions were concentrated in vacuo resulting in compound 179a and 179b.
• 179a +6.1° (589 nm, c 0.6225 w/v %, MeOH, 20° C.).
• 179b ⁇ 6.1° (589 nm, c 0.506 w/v %, MeOH, 20° C.).
• 3-(isopropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid 250 mg, 1.03 mmol
• 4-fluoro-3,5-dimethyl-aniline 157 mg, 1.13 mmol
• DIPEA 398 mg, 3.08 mmol
• acetonitrile 10 mL
• HATU 430 mg, 1.13 mmol
• EtOAc 100 mL was added and the mixture was washed with 1M HCl, sat NaHCO 3 and brine.
• the reaction mixture was poured into H 2 O (850 mL), and EtOAc (300 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 minutes. Both upper liquid layers were decanted from a residue. The separated water layer was combined with the residue, and extracted with EtOAc. Both upper liquid layers were decanted from the residue. The separated water layer was combined with the residue, and extracted again with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, washed with satured NaCl and dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered off, evaporated, and co-evaporated with toluene.
• Triethylamine (0.206 mL, 0.00149 mol) was added to a stirring mixture of 2-fluoro-6-methyl-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid (0.15 g, 0.000495 mol) and CH 3 CN (10 mL) under N 2 -atm.
• HATU 0.207 g, 0.545 mmol
• 5-amino-2-fluorobenzonitrile (79.9 mg, 0.569 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The reaction was next continued at 50° C. for 4 hours.
• tert-butyl N-(3-chloro-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)carbamate 11.8 g.
• tert-butyl N-(3-chloro-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)carbamate 8.5 g, 0.0322 mol was added portion wise to stirring HCl (40 mL, 0.16 mol, 4 M in dioxane). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then left standing for 65 hours. Stirring was continued for another 2 hours. The formed precipitate was filtered off, washed with dioxane (4 ⁇ ) and dried at 50° C.
• 3-chloro-4,5-difluoro-aniline hydrochloride (5.95 g).
• the separated organic layer was dried with MgSO 4 , filtered off, and evaporated.
• the obtained 3-chloro-4,5-difluoro-aniline (0.81 g) was used as such.
• Compound 192 was prepared similarly as described for compound 191, using 3-chloro-4,5-difluoro-aniline hydrochloride instead of 5-amino-2-fluorobenzonitrile.
• Oxalyl chloride (12.3 mL, 0.143 mol) was added dropwise to a stirring solution of 5-bromo-3-chlorosulfonyl-2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzoic acid (9.5 g) and DMF (0.111 mL) in CH 2 Cl 2 (100 mL). After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and 30 minutes. The volatiles were removed in vacuo, and co-evaporated with toluene. The obtained residue containing 5-bromo-3-chlorosulfonyl-2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzoyl chloride was used as such.
• reaction mixture was combined with a similar reaction mixture starting from 20 mg 5-bromo-N-(3-chloro-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2-fluoro-6-methyl-3-[[(1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methyl-ethyl]sulfamoyl]benzamide) allowed to reach room temperature and left standing for 15 minutes.
• the upper layer was isolated by means of a separation funnel, and evaporated.
• 3-(tert-butylsulfamoyl)-2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzoic acid was prepared similarly as described for 2-fluoro-6-methyl-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid, using tert-butylamine instead of 3-methyloxetan-3-amine.
• Compound 205 was prepared similar as described for compound 194, using 4-fluoro-3-methylaniline instead of 3,4-difluoroaniline and starting from 3-(tert-butylsulfamoyl)-2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzoic acid instead of 2-fluoro-6-methyl-3[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid.
• Compound 207 to 210 were prepared similarly as described for compound 196 using 6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid instead of 2,6-difluoro-3-[[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]sulfamoyl]benzoic acid and the corresponding aniline instead of 3,4-difluoroaniline.
• 2-bromo-6-fluoro-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid and 6-bromo-2-fluoro-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid were prepared similarly as described for 2-chloro-6-fluoro-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid and 6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid, starting from 2-bromo-6-fluorobenzoic acid instead of 2-chloro-6-fluorobenzoic acid.
• Compound 212 was prepared similarly as described for compound 196 using 2-bromo-6-fluoro-3-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid instead of 2,6-difluoro-3-[[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]sulfamoyl]benzoic acid and 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline instead of 3,4-difluoroaniline.
• 3-methyloxolan-3-amine hydrochloride (165.9 mg, 1.21 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-[(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)carbamoyl]benzenesulfonyl chloride (499 mg, 1.096 mmol) in dry CH 2 Cl 2 (20 mL) at room temperature.
• Et 3 N (381 ⁇ L) was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (250 mL).
• HCl 0.5 N 50 mL was added and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed again with NaOH 0.5 N (30 mL).
• 3-methyl-3-oxetanamine hydrochloride (302.6 mg, 2.45 mmol) and Hunig's base (1.15 mL, 6.68 mmol) dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (2 mL) were added to a solution of methyl 5-(chlorosulfonyl)-2-furoate (thermo scientific, 500 mg, 2.23 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was used as such.
• Compound 232 to 239 were prepared by slow addition of an aniline to a refluxing toluene solution of a 3-chlorosulfonylbenzoyl chloride derivative, followed by reaction with an amine in the presence of a base like NEt 3 or DIPEA, as described above.
• This slurry was cooled to ⁇ 10° C. (dry ice/acetone bath) and a solution of sodium nitrite (4.803 g, 69.62 mmol) in H 2 O (20 mL) was added very slowly (1 drop/5 sec) to the slurry, keeping the temperature below ⁇ 5° C.
• reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with HCl 0.5 N, filtered on Extrelut NT3 and evaporated.
• the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Grace Resolv 12 g, eluent: CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH 100:0->95:5) resulting in compound 240 (136 mg) as a white solid, dried at 50° C. in vacuo.
• the anti-HBV activity was measured using a stable transfected cell line, HepG2.2.15. This cell line was described to secrete relatively consistent high levels of HBV virion particles, which have been shown to cause both acute and chronic infection and disease in chimpanzees.
• antiviral activity was determined by quantification of purified HBV DNA from secreted virions using realtime PCR and an HBV specific primer set and probe.
• the anti HBV activity was also measured using the HepG2.117 cell line, a stable, inducibly HBV producing cell line, which replicates HBV in the absence of doxicycline (Tet-off system).
• HBV replication was induced, followed by a treatment with serially diluted compound in 96-well plates in duplicate. After 3 days of treatment, the antiviral activity was determined by quantification of intracellular HBV DNA using realtime PCR and an HBV specific primer set and probe.

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