RU2010148796A - Переработка биомассы - Google Patents

Переработка биомассы Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2010148796A
RU2010148796A RU2010148796/10A RU2010148796A RU2010148796A RU 2010148796 A RU2010148796 A RU 2010148796A RU 2010148796/10 A RU2010148796/10 A RU 2010148796/10A RU 2010148796 A RU2010148796 A RU 2010148796A RU 2010148796 A RU2010148796 A RU 2010148796A
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Russia
Prior art keywords
group
biomass
composition
produced
streptomyces
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RU2010148796/10A
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English (en)
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RU2560426C2 (ru
Inventor
Маршалл МЕДОФФ (US)
Маршалл Медофф
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Ксилеко, Инк. (Us)
Ксилеко, Инк.
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Priority claimed from US12/417,900 external-priority patent/US20100124583A1/en
Application filed by Ксилеко, Инк. (Us), Ксилеко, Инк. filed Critical Ксилеко, Инк. (Us)
Publication of RU2010148796A publication Critical patent/RU2010148796A/ru
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Publication of RU2560426C2 publication Critical patent/RU2560426C2/ru

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Abstract

1. Способ подготовки пищевого материала, включающий изменение молекулярной структуры полисахаридов биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, для получения пищевого материала, имеющего доступность питательных веществ, превышающую доступность питательных веществ биомассы. ! 2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий предоставление пищевого материала животному, в частности человеку, или сельскохозяйственной культуре. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, дополнительно включающий применение пищевого материала в агрономии, в частности, в гидропонном растворе или в аквакультуре. ! 4. Способ по п.1, где исходный материал дополнительно содержит фермент. ! 5. Композиция, содержащая сахаридные элементы, организованные в молекулярную цепь, где от приблизительно 1 из каждых 2 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 250 сахаридных элементов содержит группу карбоновой кислоты, или ее сложного эфира или соли, при этом композиция пригодна для употребления в качестве пищевого материала. ! 6. Композиция по п.5, где композиция включает множество таких цепей. ! 7. Композиция по п.6, в которой от приблизительно 1 из каждых 5 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 250 сахаридных элементов каждой цепи содержит группу карбоновой кислоты, или ее сложного эфира или соли, в частности, от приблизительно 1 из каждых 8 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 100 или от приблизительно 1 из каждых 10 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 50 сахаридных элементов каждой цепи содержит группу карбоновой кислоты, или ее сложного эфира или соли. ! 8. Композиция по п.6, в которой каждая цепь имеет от приблизительно 10 до приблизительно 200 сахаридных элементов. ! 9. Композиция по п.8,

Claims (27)

1. Способ подготовки пищевого материала, включающий изменение молекулярной структуры полисахаридов биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, для получения пищевого материала, имеющего доступность питательных веществ, превышающую доступность питательных веществ биомассы.
2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий предоставление пищевого материала животному, в частности человеку, или сельскохозяйственной культуре.
3. Способ по п.1 или 2, дополнительно включающий применение пищевого материала в агрономии, в частности, в гидропонном растворе или в аквакультуре.
4. Способ по п.1, где исходный материал дополнительно содержит фермент.
5. Композиция, содержащая сахаридные элементы, организованные в молекулярную цепь, где от приблизительно 1 из каждых 2 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 250 сахаридных элементов содержит группу карбоновой кислоты, или ее сложного эфира или соли, при этом композиция пригодна для употребления в качестве пищевого материала.
6. Композиция по п.5, где композиция включает множество таких цепей.
7. Композиция по п.6, в которой от приблизительно 1 из каждых 5 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 250 сахаридных элементов каждой цепи содержит группу карбоновой кислоты, или ее сложного эфира или соли, в частности, от приблизительно 1 из каждых 8 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 100 или от приблизительно 1 из каждых 10 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 50 сахаридных элементов каждой цепи содержит группу карбоновой кислоты, или ее сложного эфира или соли.
8. Композиция по п.6, в которой каждая цепь имеет от приблизительно 10 до приблизительно 200 сахаридных элементов.
9. Композиция по п.8, в которой каждая цепь содержит гемицеллюлозу или целлюлозу, и/или в которой каждая цепь также включает сахаридные элементы, которые включают группы, выбранные из группы, состоящей из нитрозогрупп, нитрогрупп и нитрильных групп.
10. Композиция по п.9, в которой сахаридные элементы содержат 5 или 6 углеродных сахаридных элементов.
11. Композиция по п.6, в которой средняя молекулярная масса композиции относительно стандартов PEG составляет от 1000 до 1000000, в частности, менее 10000.
12. Способ, включающий
конвертирование переработанного материала с использованием микроорганизма, для получения пригодного в пищу материала, аминокислоты или ее производного, антибиотика или иммуностимулирующего материала, при этом переработанный материал продуцирован путем переработки биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, имеющей первый уровень неподатливости, с использованием по меньшей мере одного из радиационного облучения, обработки ультразвуком, пиролиза и окисления, для получения переработанного материала, имеющего уровень неподатливости ниже, чем уровень неподатливости первого материала, где неподатливость определяют путем инкубации в присутствии целлюлазы.
13. Способ по п.12, в котором продуцируется пригодный в пищу материал, и дополнительно включающий выделение и/или очистку пригодного в пищу материала.
14. Способ по п.12, в котором продуцируется пригодный в пищу материал, и пригодный в пищу материал является усваиваемым и/или всасываемым.
15. Способ по п.12, в котором продуцируется пригодный в пищу материал, и пригодный в пищу материал выбран из группы, состоящей из фармацевтических средств, нутрицевтиков, белков, жиров, витаминов, масел, волокна, минералов, Сахаров, углеводов и спирта.
16. Способ по п.12, в котором продуцируется аминокислота или ее производное, и аминокислота или ее производное выбраны из группы, состоящей из L-аминокислот и D-аминокислот, таких как L-глутаминовая кислота (глутамат мононатрия (MSG)), L-аспарагиновая кислота, L-фенилаланин, L-лизин, L-треонин, L-триптофан, L-валин, L-лейцин, L-изолейцин, L-метионин, L-гистидин и L-фенилаланин, L-лизин, DL-метионин и L-триптофан.
17. Способ по п.16, в котором продуцируется аминокислота или ее производное, и микроорганизм выбран из группы, состоящей из молочнокислых бактерий (LAB), E.coli, Bacillus subtilis и Corynebacterium glutamicum.
18. Способ по п.12, в котором продуцируется антибиотик, и антибиотик выбран из группы, состоящей из тетрациклина, стрептомицина, циклогексамида, неомицина, циклосерина, эритромицина, канамицина, линкомицина, нистатина, полимиксина В и бацитрацина.
19. Способ по п.18, в котором продуцируется антибиотик, и микроорганизм выбран из группы, состоящей из Streptomyces remosus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces frodiae, Streptomyces orchidaceus, Streptomyces erythreus, Streptomyces kanamyceticus, Streptomyces, Streptomyces noursei, Bacillus polymyxa и Bacillus licheniformis.
20. Способ по п.18, в котором биомасса выбрана из группы, состоящей из бумаги, бумажной продукции, бумажных отходов, древесины, прессованной древесины, древесных опилок, сельскохозяйственных отходов, сточных вод, силоса, трав, рисовой шелухи, жмыха, хлопка, джута, пеньки, льна, бамбука, сизаля, абаки, соломы, сердцевин кукурузных початков, кукурузной соломы, проса, люцерны, сена, рисовой шелухи, кокосовых волокон, хлопка, морской травы, водорослей и их смесей.
21. Способ по п.18, в котором биомасса имеет внутренние волокна и является раздробленной до той степени, чтобы внутренние волокна были по существу обнажены, и/или в котором биомасса имеет площадь поверхности BET более чем приблизительно 0,25 м2/г и объемную плотность менее чем приблизительно 0,5 г/см3.
22. Способ по п.18, где переработка включает облучение ионизирующей радиацией.
23. Способ по п.22, дополнительно включающий проведение ферментативного гидролиза переработанного материала.
24. Поглотитель, содержащий переработанной материал биомассы, содержащий сахаридные элементы, организованные в молекулярную цепь, где от приблизительно 1 из каждых 2 до приблизительно 1 из каждых 250 сахаридных элементов содержит группу карбоновой кислоты или ее сложного эфира или соли.
25. Поглотитель по п.24, где переработанной материал биомассы обработан силаном для того, чтобы абсорбент был липофильным.
26. Фильтрующий материал, содержащий облученный целлюлозный или лигноцеллюлозный материал, образующий фильтрующую среду, адаптированную для задержания и фильтрации потока.
27. Продукт, содержащий конвертированный материал, полученный конвертированием переработанного материала с использованием микроорганизма для получения конвертированного материала, при этом конвертированный материал продуцирован путем переработки биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, имеющей первый уровень неподатливости, с использованием по меньшей мере одного из радиационного облучения, обработки ультразвуком, пиролиза и окисления, для получения переработанного материала, имеющего уровень неподатливости ниже чем уровень неподатливости первого материала, где неподатливость определяют путем инкубации в присутствии целлюлазы.
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