CN107455337A - 一种水牛的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水牛的养殖方法,涉及牛养殖技术领域。所述方法包括放养和圈养,所述放养为将放养场地划分为若干个轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,每天下午将牛赶入轮牧区内放养;所述圈养为每天上午投放精料和粗料让牛自由采食,并提供充足的饮水。本发明通过合理放养和圈养,增强了水牛免疫力,减少了发病率,提高了日增重。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及牛养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种水牛的养殖方法。
【背景技术】
随着国内生活水平的提高,人们对牛肉的需求量不断增大,肉牛供不应求,为了满足广大消费者对牛肉产量和品质的需求,有必要提高肉牛的生产专业化水平,缩短养殖和育肥时间,满足市场需求。水牛头体长2.4-3米,尾长0.6-1米,肩高1.5-1.8米,重500-800公斤,是我们南方重要的肉用牛品种之一。目前,育肥水牛时,大都采用精料为主,草料为辅的饲喂方式,虽然有一定效果,但饲料中营养成份的含量比例不均衡,加上不注重防病,不但不利于育肥水牛生长,导致所养殖的育肥牛个头小,细瘦,生长发育慢,还降低抗能力差,导致易患病。
【发明内容】
针对上述问题,本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种水牛的养殖方法,该方法通过合理放养和圈养,增强了水牛免疫力,减少了发病率,提高了日增重。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种水牛的养殖方法,所述养殖方法是采用体重为250-300kg的牛进行育肥,包括放养和圈养;
所述放养为:选择远离居民区的高坡地带作为放养场地,将所述放养场地划分为至少6个轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,所述牧草与药草种植比例为3-5:1;除恶劣天气外,每天下午将牛赶入轮牧区内放养3-4h,放养密度为0.3-0.5头/m2,每个轮牧区可放养4-5天;所述牧草为:皇竹草、三叶草、黑麦草、青贮玉米和鸭茅;所述药草为金钱草、车前草、夏枯草和金银花;
所述圈养为:每天上午投放重量比为4:6-8的精料和粗料让牛自由采食,并提供充足的饮水;所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米45-65份、酒糟20-30份、棉籽饼7-15份、食盐0.2-1份、石粉0.5-1.5份、硫酸亚铁0.2-0.8份、精氨酸0.6-0.9份、硒代蛋氨酸0.1-0.3份和维生素A 0.2-0.8份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆40-55份、玉米芯20-27份和发酵稻草18-25份。
进一步地,所述轮牧区内均设有饮水槽,给牛提供干净的饮水。
较优的,其特征在于:所述牧草与药草种植比例为4:1。
进一步地,所述发酵稻草的制作方法为:将稻草粉碎,并与5-10%的淀粉、2-5%的葡萄糖淀粉酶和80-90%的水混匀,于30-35℃下密封发酵10-15天,即得。
较优的,所述精料和粗料的重量比为4:7。
较优的,所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米55份、酒糟25份、棉籽饼11份、食盐0.7份、石粉1.2份、硫酸亚铁0.5份、精氨酸0.7份、硒代蛋氨酸0.2份和维生素A0.6份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆50份、玉米芯25份和发酵稻草22份。
进一步地,所述养殖还包括定期对轮牧区内的牧草和药草进行水肥管理。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明通过合理放养和圈养,增强了水牛免疫力,减少了发病率,提高了日增重。
2.本发明放养时将放养场地划分为轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,所述牧草可为水牛提供充足草料,满足营养需求;所述药草为金钱草、车前草、夏枯草和金银花,其中金钱和金银花草具有消炎解毒、杀毒抑菌和利尿止痒的作用;车前草具有抵抗病原微生物的作用,能够抑制身体炎症;夏枯草可解热毒疮痈;水牛食用这些药草可提高免疫力,减少发病率。
3.本发明圈养时将精料和粗料按照一定比例进行投放,不但能满足水牛生长营养所需,还减少浪费,降低养殖成本。
【具体实施方式】
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例一种水牛的养殖方法,所述养殖方法是采用体重为250kg的牛进行育肥,包括放养和圈养;
所述放养为:选择远离居民区的高坡地带作为放养场地,将所述放养场地划分为6个轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,且所述轮牧区内均设有饮水槽,给牛提供干净的饮水;所述牧草与药草种植比例为3:1,并定期对牧草和药草进行水肥管理;除恶劣天气外,每天下午将牛赶入轮牧区内放养3h,放养密度为0.3头/m2,每个轮牧区可放养4天;所述牧草为:皇竹草、三叶草、黑麦草、青贮玉米和鸭茅;所述药草为金钱草、车前草、夏枯草和金银花;
所述圈养为:每天上午投放重量比为4:6的精料和粗料让牛自由采食,并提供充足的饮水;所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米45份、酒糟20份、棉籽饼7份、食盐0.2份、石粉0.5份、硫酸亚铁0.2份、精氨酸0.6份、硒代蛋氨酸0.1份和维生素A 0.2份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆40份、玉米芯20份和发酵稻草18份;其中,所述发酵稻草的制作方法为:将稻草粉碎,并与5%的淀粉、2%的葡萄糖淀粉酶和80%的水混匀,于30℃下密封发酵10天,即得。
实施例2
本实施例一种水牛的养殖方法,所述养殖方法是采用体重为300kg的牛进行育肥,包括放养和圈养;
所述放养为:选择远离居民区的高坡地带作为放养场地,将所述放养场地划分为8个轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,且所述轮牧区内均设有饮水槽,给牛提供干净的饮水;所述牧草与药草种植比例为5:1,并定期对牧草和药草进行水肥管理;除恶劣天气外,每天下午将牛赶入轮牧区内放养4h,放养密度为0.5头/m2,每个轮牧区可放养5天;所述牧草为:皇竹草、三叶草、黑麦草、青贮玉米和鸭茅;所述药草为金钱草、车前草、夏枯草和金银花;
所述圈养为:每天上午投放重量比为4:8的精料和粗料让牛自由采食,并提供充足的饮水;所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米65份、酒糟30份、棉籽饼15份、食盐1份、石粉1.5份、硫酸亚铁0.8份、精氨酸0.9份、硒代蛋氨酸0.3份和维生素A 0.8份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆55份、玉米芯7份和发酵稻草25份;其中,所述发酵稻草的制作方法为:将稻草粉碎,并与10%的淀粉、5%的葡萄糖淀粉酶和90%的水混匀,于35℃下密封发酵15天,即得。
实施例3
本实施例一种水牛的养殖方法,所述养殖方法是采用体重为280kg的牛进行育肥,包括放养和圈养;
所述放养为:选择远离居民区的高坡地带作为放养场地,将所述放养场地划分为10个轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,且所述轮牧区内均设有饮水槽,给牛提供干净的饮水;所述牧草与药草种植比例为4:1,并定期对牧草和药草进行水肥管理;除恶劣天气外,每天下午将牛赶入轮牧区内放养3.5h,放养密度为0.4头/m2,每个轮牧区可放养4.5天,所述牧草为:皇竹草、三叶草、黑麦草、青贮玉米和鸭茅;所述药草为金钱草、车前草、夏枯草和金银花;
所述圈养为:每天上午投放重量比为4:7的精料和粗料让牛自由采食,并提供充足的饮水;所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米55份、酒糟25份、棉籽饼11份、食盐0.7份、石粉1.2份、硫酸亚铁0.5份、精氨酸0.7份、硒代蛋氨酸0.2份和维生素A 0.6份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆50份、玉米芯25份和发酵稻草22份;其中,所述发酵稻草的制作方法为:将稻草粉碎,并与5-10%的淀粉、2-5%的葡萄糖淀粉酶和80-90%的水混匀,于30-35℃下密封发酵10-15天,即得。
本发明水牛养殖效果试验:
为了说明本发明水牛养殖的效果,申请人做了如下对比试验,试验是在广西某养殖场进行水牛养殖,选择120头身体健康的水牛进行育肥,将水牛随机分为第1组、第2组、第3组、对比组,共4个小组,每组30头,其中,第1组、第2组、第3组分别采用实施例1、实施例2和实施例3的方法进行养殖,对比组未在轮牧区混合种植药草,其他步骤与实施例3相同。其他养殖条件均一致,养殖8个月后,统计各组水牛的发病率、平均日增重和平均体重,统计结果见表1:
表1
组分/项目 | 发病率(%) | 平均日增重(kg/头) | 平均体重(kg) |
第1组 | 6.7 | 2.1 | 650.9 |
第2组 | 0 | 2.5 | 661.4 |
第3组 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 659.8 |
对比组 | 26.7 | 1.8 | 600.1 |
由上表第1组、第2组、第3组可知,用本申请的方法进行水牛养殖,水牛发病低至0-6.7%,日增重高达2.1-2.5kg/头,养殖8个月后体重为650.9-661.4kg,效果显著,优于传统方法。
由第3组与对比组的对比可知,本申请放养时将放养场地划分为轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,牧草可为水牛提供充足草料,满足营养需求,而药草可消炎解毒、杀毒抑菌、利尿止痒和解热毒疮痈,还可抵抗病原微生物的作用,能够抑制身体炎症,水牛食用这些药草可提高免疫力,减少发病率。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种水牛的养殖方法,所述养殖方法是采用体重为250-300kg的牛进行育肥,其特征在于:包括放养和圈养;
所述放养为:选择远离居民区的高坡地带作为放养场地,将所述放养场地划分为至少6个轮牧区,轮牧区内混合种植有牧草和药草,所述牧草与药草种植比例为3-5:1;除恶劣天气外,每天下午将牛赶入轮牧区内放养3-4h,放养密度为0.3-0.5头/m2,每个轮牧区可放养4-5天;所述牧草为:皇竹草、三叶草、黑麦草、青贮玉米和鸭茅;所述药草为金钱草、车前草、夏枯草和金银花;
所述圈养为:每天上午投放重量比为4:6-8的精料和粗料让牛自由采食,并提供充足的饮水;所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米45-65份、酒糟20-30份、棉籽饼7-15份、食盐0.2-1份、石粉0.5-1.5份、硫酸亚铁0.2-0.8份、精氨酸0.6-0.9份、硒代蛋氨酸0.1-0.3份和维生素A 0.2-0.8份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆40-55份、玉米芯20-27份和发酵稻草18-25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水牛的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述轮牧区内均设有饮水槽,给牛提供干净的饮水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水牛的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述牧草与药草种植比例为4:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水牛的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述发酵稻草的制作方法为:将稻草粉碎,并与5-10%的淀粉、2-5%的葡萄糖淀粉酶和80-90%的水混匀,于30-35℃下密封发酵10-15天,即得。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水牛的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述精料和粗料的重量比为4:7。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水牛的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述精料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:玉米55份、酒糟25份、棉籽饼11份、食盐0.7份、石粉1.2份、硫酸亚铁0.5份、精氨酸0.7份、硒代蛋氨酸0.2份和维生素A 0.6份;所述粗料包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成:甘蔗秸秆50份、玉米芯25份和发酵稻草22份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种水牛的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述养殖还包括定期对轮牧区内的牧草和药草进行水肥管理。
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