JP6580349B2 - 半導体装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
半導体装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6580349B2 JP6580349B2 JP2015044184A JP2015044184A JP6580349B2 JP 6580349 B2 JP6580349 B2 JP 6580349B2 JP 2015044184 A JP2015044184 A JP 2015044184A JP 2015044184 A JP2015044184 A JP 2015044184A JP 6580349 B2 JP6580349 B2 JP 6580349B2
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Description
本実施の形態では、半導体装置の一例として、出荷後にユーザがプログラムすることが可能な半導体装置について説明する。また動作時に性能を変更あるいは補償することが可能な、つまり動的再構成可能な半導体装置について説明する。
図1に、半導体装置の一例を示す。図1に示す回路10は、電位を生成する機能を有しており、電位生成回路として機能させることが可能である。回路10は、メモリ装置101、デジタルーアナログ変換回路(DAC)102、および回路103を有する。
回路103は、トランジスタM1、容量素子C1、およびノードN1を有する。ノードN1は、回路10の出力ノードOUT10と電気的に接続されている。トランジスタM1のソースおよびドレインの一方はメモリ装置101の出力ノードと電気的に接続され、他方はノードN1と電気的に接続されている。ノードN1の電位Vbが、電源電位、基準電位、バイアス電位等として、他の回路に供給される。
メモリ装置101には、Vbの値を設定するコンフィギュレーション・データ(CFGD_Vb)が格納されている。コンフィギュレーション・データCFGD_Vbはn(nは自然数)ビットのデジタルデータである。ノードN1の電位Vbを設定する場合、メモリ装置101に対して、CFGD_Vbの読み出し要求がされる。メモリ装置101は、CFGD_Vbをnビットのデジタル信号Sdg[n−1:0]として、DAC102に出力する。DAC102では、Sdg[n−1:0]をアナログ信号Sangに変換し、出力する。信号Sangは、Sdg[n−1:0]の値に対応する大きさを有するアナログ電位信号である。
図2は、メモリ装置101の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図2に示すように、メモリ装置101は、メモリセルアレイ121とロードライバ122とカラムドライバ123とを有する。メモリ装置101には回路125が電気的に接続されている。
メモリセルアレイ121のメモリセル131には、例えば、2つまたは3つのトランジスタを有するゲインセルを適用することができる。図3に、メモリセル131に適用することが可能なメモリセルの構成の一例を示す。図3Aに2T型ゲインセルの一例を示し、図3Bに3T型ゲインセルの一例を示す。
図4にDAC102の回路図を示す。図4には、3ビット入力のDACの一例を示す。
図5Aに、センサユニットの一例を示す。センサユニット150は、回路10、センサ回路151、オペアンプ(AMP)152、およびアナログーデジタル変換回路(ADC)153を有する。センサ回路151は、検出した情報をアナログ信号(電流信号または電位信号)に変換し、出力する機能を有する。AMP152では、センサ回路151の出力信号を増幅し、出力する。AMP152から出力された信号(アナログ信号)は、ADC153でデジタル信号に変換される。ADC153は必要に応じて設ければよい。
センサ回路151には、特段の制約はない。センサ回路151には、力、変位、位置、速度、加速度、角速度、回転数、距離、光(例えば、可視光、赤外線)、液、磁気、温度、化学物質、音、時間、硬度、電場、電流、電圧、電力、放射線、流量、湿度、傾度、振動、又はにおい等を測定する、または検出する機能を有する回路が適用される。図5Aには、センサ回路151を温度センサ回路として機能させる例を示している。
図5Aに示すように、センサユニット150において、回路10は、AMP152のバイアス電位(VBIAS)を生成する回路として機能する。回路10の出力ノードOUT10の電位VbがVBIASに対応する。図5Bは、AMP152の一例を示す回路図である。
ここでは、半導体装置の一例として、センサユニットが組み込まれた無線タグについて説明する。図6は、無線タグの一例を示すブロック図である。なお、無線タグは、RFIDタグ、RFID、RFタグ、IDタグ、ICタグ、ICチップ、電子タグ、無線ICタグ等と呼ばれている。
ロジック部230は、回路部260の制御を行う。ロジック部230は、例えば、制御回路、クロック生成回路、デコーダ回路、CRC回路、乱数発生回路、出力信号生成回路、およびレジスタ等を有する。
メモリ部240には、メモリ装置101と同様な構成の半導体メモリ装置が適用される。これにより、メモリ部240を実質的に不揮発性メモリ装置として機能させることができるため、無線タグ200が信号を受信できない環境でも、メモリ部240でデータを保持することが可能である。
入力/出力部210は、整流回路211、リミッタ回路212、復調回路213および変調回路214を有する。
アナログ部220は、電源回路221、検出回路222、リセット回路223、バッファー回路224、発振回路225、フラグ保持回路226、およびセンサユニット227を有する。アナログ部220はアナログ信号処理回路であり、回路(220、230、240)の動作電位を生成する機能、クロック信号を生成する機能、および、受信した信号をデジタル信号に変換し、ロジック部230に伝送する機能等を有する。
センサユニット227は、センサユニット150(図5A)と同様な構成を有しており、回路11、センサ回路151、AMP152、およびADC153を有する。回路11は電位生成回路として設けられており、AMP152のバイアス電位VBIASを生成する。回路11は、DAC102および回路103を有しており、図1からメモリ装置101を除いた回路構成を有する。DAC102で処理するコンフィギュレーション・データ(CFGD_Vb)は、メモリ部240に格納されている。ロジック部230による制御により、メモリ部240からCFGD_Vbが読み出され、センサユニット227のDAC102に出力される。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置のデバイス構造について説明する。実施の形態1で述べたように、半導体装置をSiトランジスタとOSトランジスタとで構成することが可能である。このような構成例においては、SiトランジスタとOSトランジスタを積層することで、半導体装置を小型化することが可能である。図8、図9を参照して、このような積層構造を有する半導体装置の構成例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、OSトランジスタ、および酸化物半導体等について説明する。
OSトランジスタの酸化物半導体層は、単層の酸化物半導体膜または2層以上の酸化物半導体膜の積層膜から形成することができる。酸化物半導体膜は、非単結晶酸化物半導体膜と単結晶酸化物半導体膜とに大別される。非単結晶酸化物半導体膜とは、CAAC−OS(C Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor)膜、多結晶酸化物半導体膜、微結晶酸化物半導体膜、非晶質酸化物半導体膜などをいう。半導体装置を構成する酸化物半導体膜は、例えば、非晶質酸化物半導体膜、微結晶酸化物半導体膜、CAAC−OS膜のうち、二種以上を有する積層膜であってもよい。酸化物半導体膜が複数の構造を有する場合、ナノビーム電子回折を用いることで構造解析が可能となる場合がある。
CAAC−OSは、c軸配向した複数の結晶部を有する酸化物半導体の一つである。透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)によって、CAAC−OSの明視野像および回折パターンの複合解析像(高分解能TEM像ともいう。)を観察することで、複数の結晶部を確認することができる。一方、高分解能TEM像によっても明確な結晶部同士の境界、即ち結晶粒界(グレインバウンダリーともいう。)を確認することができない。そのため、CAAC−OS膜は、結晶粒界に起因する電子移動度の低下が起こりにくいといえる。
微結晶酸化物半導体膜は、高分解能TEM像において、結晶部を確認することのできる領域と、明確な結晶部を確認することのできない領域と、を有する。微結晶酸化物半導体膜に含まれる結晶部は、1nm以上100nm以下、または1nm以上10nm以下の大きさであることが多い。特に、1nm以上10nm以下、または1nm以上3nm以下の微結晶であるナノ結晶(nc:nanocrystal)を有する酸化物半導体膜を、nc−OS(nanocrystalline Oxide Semiconductor)膜と呼ぶ。また、nc−OS膜は、例えば、高分解能TEM像では、結晶粒界を明確に確認できない場合がある。
非晶質酸化物半導体は、膜中における原子配列が不規則であり、結晶部を有さない酸化物半導体である。石英のような無定形状態を有する酸化物半導体が一例である。
なお、酸化物半導体は、nc−OSと非晶質酸化物半導体との間の物性を示す構造を有する場合がある。そのような構造を有する酸化物半導体を、特に非晶質ライク酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like Oxide Semiconductor)と呼ぶ。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置の作製方法例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置を電子部品に適用する例、及び該電子部品を具備する電子機器に適用する例等について説明する。
C1 容量素子
10 回路
101 メモリ装置
102 デジタルーアナログ変換回路(DAC)
103 回路
150 センサユニット
151 センサ回路
152 オペアンプ(AMP)
153 アナログーデジタル変換回路(ADC)
200 無線タグ
227 センサユニット
Claims (7)
- オペアンプと、
前記オペアンプに電気的に接続される電位生成回路と、を有し、
前記電位生成回路は、
第1のメモリ回路と、
前記第1のメモリ回路と電気的に接続される第1の回路と、
前記第1の回路と電気的に接続される第2のメモリ回路と、を有し、
前記第1の回路は、前記第2のメモリ回路から入力されるデジタル信号をアナログ信号に変換する機能を有し、
前記第1のメモリ回路は、出力ノード、第1のトランジスタ、および第1の容量素子を有し、
前記第1の容量素子は、前記出力ノードと電気的に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタは、前記第1の回路と出力ノードとの間の導通状態を制御することができる機能を有し、
前記第1のメモリ回路には、前記アナログ信号が入力され、
前記第1のトランジスタは、チャネルとして酸化物半導体を有し、
前記出力ノードの電位が前記オペアンプに供給された後、前記第1の回路及び第2のメモリ回路への電源供給を遮断できる機能を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2のメモリ回路は、メモリセルと、配線と、を有し
前記メモリセルは、第2のトランジスタと、第3のトランジスタと、第2の容量素子と、第1のノードと、を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタは、前記配線と前記第1のノードとの間の導通状態を制御することができる機能を有し、
前記第1のノードには、前記第3のトランジスタのゲートおよび前記第2の容量素子が電気的に接続され
前記第2のトランジスタは、チャネルとして酸化物半導体を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2のメモリ回路は、メモリセルと、配線と、を有し
前記メモリセルは、第2乃至第4のトランジスタと、第1のノードと、を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタは、前記配線と前記第1のノードとの間の導通状態を制御することができる機能を有し、
前記第3のトランジスタと前記第4のトランジスタとは電気的に直列に接続され、
前記第1のノードには、前記第3のトランジスタのゲートが電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタは、チャネルとして酸化物半導体を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項において、
前記第2のメモリ回路は、前記出力ノードの電位を設定するデータを有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項において、
前記オペアンプの入力ノードと電気的に接続されているセンサ回路と、を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項において、
前記オペアンプと電気的に接続されているセンサ回路と、
アンテナと、を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置と、
表示部、筐体、マイクロホン、スピーカー、または、操作キーの少なくとも1つと、を有することを特徴とする電子機器。
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