JP6537825B2 - 新規クラスのグリホサート抵抗性遺伝子 - Google Patents
新規クラスのグリホサート抵抗性遺伝子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6537825B2 JP6537825B2 JP2014555802A JP2014555802A JP6537825B2 JP 6537825 B2 JP6537825 B2 JP 6537825B2 JP 2014555802 A JP2014555802 A JP 2014555802A JP 2014555802 A JP2014555802 A JP 2014555802A JP 6537825 B2 JP6537825 B2 JP 6537825B2
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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Description
本願は、2012年2月1日に出願された米国特許仮出願番号第61/593,555号および2012年4月17日に出願された米国特許仮出願番号第61/625,222号の利益を主張する。
37 C.F.R.§ 1.821(c)または(e)に準拠して、配列表のASCIIテキスト版を含有するファイルが、本願とともに提出されている。
N−(ホスホノメチル)グリシンの代謝に関与している新規ポリペプチドおよびこのようなポリペプチドをコードする核酸が、本明細書において開示される。いくつかの例では、このようなポリペプチドは、ポリペプチドが、例えば、EPSPシンターゼの、その天然基質、ホスホエノールピルビン酸(PEP)との結合に悪影響を及ぼさずに異種性に発現される植物細胞において、グリホサートに対する耐性を付与する(または増大する)。
本開示の広さをさらに明確にするために、以下の特定の定義、用語および略語を提供する。
Tm=81.5℃+16.6(logM)+0.41(%GC)−0.61(%form)−500/L、 (1)
(式中、Mは、一価カチオンのモル濃度であり、%GCは、DNA中のグアノシンおよびシトシンヌクレオチドのパーセンテージであり、%formは、ハイブリダイゼーション溶液中のホルムアミドのパーセンテージであり、Lは、塩基対でのハイブリッドの長さである)
から概算され得る。Meinkoth and Wahl (1984) Anal. Biochem. 138:267-84。
本明細書におけるいくつかの実施形態は、クラスIV EPSPSタンパク質(例えば、配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168)に対して少なくとも約90%の同一性(例えば、89%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも91%、少なくとも92%、少なくとも93%、少なくとも94%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも96%、少なくとも97%、少なくとも98%および少なくとも99%の同一性)を有する単離ポリペプチドを提供する。本明細書におけるいくつかの実施形態は、クラスIV EPSPSタンパク質をその他の酵素と区別する、クラスIV EPSPSタンパク質における特徴的な保存された構造要素である配列番号170〜173を含む単離されたポリペプチドを提供する。
いくつかの実施形態では、配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のクラスIV EPSPSに対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するポリペプチドを含む細胞および/または生物(例えば、植物細胞または植物)が提供される。特定の実施形態では、配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のクラスIV EPSPSに対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するポリペプチドをコードする異種核酸を含む細胞および/または生物が提供される。いくつかの実施形態は、配列番号170〜173を含むポリペプチドをコードする異種核酸を含む細胞および/または生物を含む。いくつかの実施形態は、配列番号170〜173を含むポリペプチドを含む細胞および/または生物を含む。
(A)植物疾患抵抗性遺伝子。植物防御は、植物中の疾患抵抗性遺伝子(R)の生成物と、病原体中の対応する病原性(Avr)遺伝子の生成物間の特定の相互作用によって活性化されることが多い。ある植物の種類が、クローニングされた抵抗性遺伝子を用いて形質転換され、特定の病原体株に対して抵抗性である植物に操作できる。このような遺伝子の例として、クラドスポリウム・フルブム(Cladosporium fulvu)に対する抵抗性のための、トマトCf−9遺伝子(Jones et al., 1994 Science 266:789)、トマト斑葉細菌病に対する抵抗性のためのプロテインキナーゼをコードする、トマトPto遺伝子(Martin et al., 1993 Science 262:1432)およびシュードモナス・シリンゲ(Pseudomonas syringae)に対する抵抗性のための、アラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)RSSP2遺伝子(Mindrinos et al.、1994 Cell 78:1089)が挙げられる。
このような遺伝子の例として、イネシステインプロテイナーゼ阻害剤(Abe et al., 1987 J. Biol. Chem. 262:16793)、タバコプロテイナーゼ阻害剤I(Huub et al., 1993 Plant Molec. Biol. 21:985)およびα−アミラーゼ阻害剤(Sumitani et al., 1993 Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57:1243)が挙げられる。
(A)成長点または分裂組織を阻害する除草剤、例えば、イミダザリノン(imidazalinone)、スルホンアニリドまたはスルホニル尿素除草剤に対する抵抗性または耐性をコードする遺伝子。このカテゴリー中の例示的遺伝子は、突然変異体ALS酵素をコードし(Lee et al., 1988 EMBOJ. 7:1241)、これは、AHAS酵素としても知られている(Miki et al., 1990 Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:449)。
(A)植物のステアリン酸含量を増大させるために、例えば、アンチセンス遺伝子またはステアロイル−ACP不飽和化酵素を用いて、トウモロコシまたはアブラナ属(Brassica)を形質転換することによって修飾された脂肪酸代謝(Knultzon et al., 1992) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2624。
(1)クロコウジカビ(Aspergillus niger)フィターゼ遺伝子などのフィターゼをコードする遺伝子の導入(Van Hartingsveldt et al., 1993 Gene 127:87)は、フィチン酸の分解を増強し、より多くの遊離リン酸を形質転換植物に付加する。
(2)フィチン酸含量を低下させる遺伝子は、導入され得る。トウモロコシでは、これは、例えば、クローニングすることおよび次いで、低レベルのフィチン酸を特徴とするトウモロコシ突然変異体と関連している単一の対立遺伝子と関連しているDNAを再導入することによって達成され得る(Raboy et al., 1990 Maydica 35:383)。
配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のクラスIV EPSPSに対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドおよび配列番号170〜173を含むポリペプチドは、EPSPS酵素活性を有し得る。したがって、配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のクラスIV EPSPSに対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドおよび配列番号170〜173を含むポリペプチドならびに配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のクラスIV EPSPSに対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドおよび配列番号170〜173を含むポリペプチド(例えば、配列番号2〜4)をコードする核酸が、いくつかの実施形態では、グリホサート耐性を細胞または生物(例えば、植物細胞または植物)に付与するために使用され得る。グリホサート除草剤製剤に対して抵抗性である植物または植物細胞を提供することは、このような抵抗性を有する植物細胞が、耕作区域において少なくとも幾分かの雑草を防除するために使用される十分な量のグリホサートに対する曝露を許容し得る様々な適用において有用であり得る。
(実施例)
本開示の実施形態は、以下の実施例においてさらに記載され、これは例示のために提供され、いかなる方法によっても本発明を限定することを意図しない。
植物の最適化。双子葉植物および単子葉植物(トウモロコシ)のコドンバイアスは、単一のコドンが、すべてのアミノ酸に対するコドンと比較して使用される頻度として計算された。表1。あるいは、コドンバイアスは、単一のコドンが、そのアミノ酸(同義コドン)に対する他のすべてのコドンと比較して、特定のアミノ酸をコードするために使用される頻度として計算されてもよい。植物発現のためのコード領域の設計において、植物に好ましい一次(「第1選択」)のコドンが決定され、複数の選択肢が存在する場合、第2、第3、第4選択などの好ましいコドンが決定された。
C1の加重平均%=1/(%C1+%C2+%C3+他)×%C1×100、(1)
式中、C1は、対象とするコドンであり、%C2、%C3などは、表1の残りの同義コドンの双子葉植物の%値の平均(関連コドンに対する平均%値がCとH列から採用される)を表す。
大腸菌(E. coli)発現用のpET発現ベクター、dgt−28の構築。インビトロ試験のために、dgt−28 v1の大腸菌(E. coli)用に最適化された遺伝子配列(配列番号4)は、合成とクローニングのためにGeneArt(商標)によって合成され、クローニングされた。合成されたdgt−28 v1遺伝子配列は、追加されたNdeIとXhoI制限部位を介してpET28発現ベクターにクローニングされた。得られた構築物は、N末端の6×Hisタグを導入し、pDAB100445と名付けられた。図14。
DGT28 MutF(配列番号25;5' gATgTTTATTgCCgTgATggTggAACCACCgCACgTTTTC)
DGT28 MutR(配列番号26;5' gAAAACgTgCggTggTTCCACCATCACggCAATAAACATC)
を設計し、アミノ酸スイッチを作製した。
DGT28 Mut2F(配列番号27;5' gggTCCgCTggCACgTCAgggTCTgCgTATTCg)
DGT28 Mut2R(配列番号28;5' CgAATACgCAgACCCTgACgTgCCAgCggACCCAgCAgC)
を用いて、T172A突然変異を生じさせた。
pMALDGT32F(配列番号29;CATATGACCGTTATTGAAATTCCGGG)および
pMALDGT32R(配列番号30;GATATCCTATTATTAACGACCTTCCAG)(dgt−32)、
ならびにpMALDGT33F(配列番号31;CATATGGGTGCAGTTACCGTTATTGA)、
pMALDGT33R(配列番号32;GATATCCTATTATTATGCCTGCGGAC)(dgt−33)
を使用した。
組換えDGT酵素の過剰発現および精製。組換えDGTタンパク質は、上記の構築物からRosetta2(商標)(DE3)細胞(Novagen(商標)、Madison、WI)において過剰発現された。単一コロニーを用いて、一晩37℃にて培養されたクロラムフェニコール(25μg/mL)およびカナマイシン(50μg/mL)を含有するLBの50mLスターター培養物を接種した。一晩培養物を用いて、クロラムフェニコール(25μg/mL)およびカナマイシン(50μg/mL)を含有するLBの1Lを接種した。O.D.600=0.6まで培養物を37℃にて増殖させ、次に、氷水浴に10分間置いた。標的タンパク質の発現は、500μMの最終濃度までIPTGの添加によって達成された。
植物バイナリーベクター構築。標準的なクローニング法は、インフレーム融合としてdgt−28に連結した葉緑体輸送ペプチドポリヌクレオチド配列を含有するエントリーベクターの構築に使用された。dgt−28に融合した輸送ペプチド(TraP)を含むエントリーベクターは、IN−FUSION(商標)Advantage Technology(Clontech、Mountain View、CA)を用いて組み立てられた。融合の結果として、第1のアミノ酸であるメチオニンをdgt−28から除いた。輸送ペプチドTraP4 v2(配列番号33)、TraP5 v2(配列番号34)、TraP8 v2(配列番号35)、TraP9 v2(配列番号36)、TraP12 v2(配列番号37)、およびTraP13 v2(配列番号38)は、それぞれ、DNA2.0(Menlo Park、CA)によって合成され、最大で固有のAccI制限エンドヌクレアーゼ認識部位を含むdgt−28の5’端の断片に融合させた。
シロイヌナズナ(Arabidopsis thaliana)の形質転換。アラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)は、CloughおよびBent(1998)のフローラルディップ法を用いて形質転換された。上記のバイナリープラスミドの1つを含む選択されたアグロバクテリウムコロニーを使用して、スペクチノマイシン(100mg/L)およびカナマイシン(50mg/L)を含むYEPブロスの1つまたは複数の100mLの前培養物を植菌した。培養物を225rpmで一定に撹拌しながら一晩28℃にてインキュベートした。細胞を10分間、室温にて約5000×gでペレットにし、得られた上清を捨てた。5%(w/v)スクロース、10μg/Lの6−ベンジルアミノプリン、および0.04%Silwet(商標)L−77を含有する400mLの液体培地において穏やかに再懸濁させた。約1カ月齢の植物は、穏やかに撹拌しながら5〜10分間、培地中に浸漬させた。植物は、それらの側面を下に置き、2〜3時間、透明または不透明なプラスチックバッグで覆い、その後、直立に配置された。植物は、22℃にて16時間の明/8時間の暗の光周期で成長させた。浸漬から約4週間後、種子を回収した。
dgt−28導入遺伝子を含むトランスジェニックT1アラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)植物は、異なる比率のグリホサートで噴霧された。高い比率がこの研究において適用され、抵抗性の相対的なレベル(105、420、1,680または3,360g ae/ha)を決定した。グリホサートの典型的な1×耕作地使用率は、1120g ae/haである。この研究で使用されたT1アラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)植物は、様々なコピー数のdgt−28導入遺伝子であった。低コピーのdgt−28 T1アラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)植物を自家受粉し、これを用いてT2植物を生成させた。表7は、グリホサート除草剤抵抗性遺伝子、dgt−1、および野生型対照を引用したdgt−28トランスジェニック植物の比較を示す。表8は、グリホサート除草剤抵抗性遺伝子、dgt−1、および野生型対照を引用したdgt−32とdgt−33の比較を示す。表9は、新規な微生物EPSPシンターゼ酵素と、クラスIのEPSPシンターゼ酵素およびグリホサート比率が1,680g ae/haの対照の比較を示す。
選択剤としてグリホサートを用いて、dgt−32およびdgt−33 v1は選択マーカーとして使用される。これらのマーカーの性能は、形質転換されたアラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)を用いて分析される。約50個のT4世代アラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)種子(dgt−32およびdgt−33 v1についてのホモ接合)は、約5,000個の野生型(感受性)種子に混ぜられる。いくつかの処理が比較され、植物のそれぞれのトレイは、以下の処置スキーム:7DAP、11DAP、または7DAP続く11DAPの1つにおいて、グリホサートの1回または2回の適用時期のいずれかを受ける。すべての個体は、同じ形質転換ベクターにおいてdsm−2遺伝子も含むため、グリホサートで選択されるdgt−32およびdgt−33は、グルホシネートで選択されるdsm−2と直接比較され得る。
ダイズは、PCT国際特許出願公開第WO2007/053482号の実施例11または実施例13に従前記載される実質的に同じ技術を利用して、dgt−28、dgt−32、および/またはdgt−33(葉緑体輸送ペプチドを含むまたは含まない)で形質転換され、除草剤グリホサートに対して高レベルの抵抗性を提供する。
トウモロコシ形質転換のためのDNA構築物。標準的なクローニング方法は、上述した通りであり、アグロバクテリウム・ツメファシエンス(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)を媒介したトウモロコシの形質転換において使用するためのバイナリーベクターの構築に用いた。表16は、トウモロコシ形質転換のために構築されたベクターを列挙する。以下の遺伝子エレメントはdgt−28を含んだベクターにおいて使用された;トウモロコシ(Zea mays)ユビキチン1プロモーター(ZmUbi1;米国特許第5,510,474号)を用いて、トウモロコシ(Zea mays)リパーゼ3’非翻訳領域(ZmLip 3’UTR;米国特許第7179902号)に並べられたdgt−28コード配列を駆動し、選択マーカーカセットは、トウモロコシ(Zea mays)リパーゼ3’非翻訳領域に並べられたaad−1コード配列(米国特許第7,838,733号)を駆動するために使用されたトウモロコシ(Zea mays)ユビキチン1プロモーターからなる。aad−1コード配列は、例えば、2,4−ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸(2,4−D)およびアリールオキシフェノキシプロピオネート(AOPP)除草剤などのフェノキシオーキシン除草剤に対する耐性を付与する。
上記のバイナリー形質転換ベクターを含むアグロバクテリウムのグリセロールストックは、適切な抗生物質を含むAB最小培地プレート上に筋状にし、20℃にて3〜4日間で増殖させた。単一のコロニーを採取し、同じ抗生物質を含むYEPプレート上に筋状にし、28℃にて1〜2日間インキュベートした。
トウモロコシ(Zea mays)dgt−28形質転換事象(T0)は、温室で順化させ、植物が、組織培養から温室生育条件(すなわち、2〜4の新しく、通常に見える葉が渦巻きから出現していた)に移行するまで成長させた。植物を温室で、27℃にて16時間の明所:8時間の暗所の条件で生育した。次に、植物を2%w/vの硫酸アンモニウムの添加とともに、DURANGO DMA(商標)(除草剤グリホサートを含む)の市販製剤で処理した。除草剤適用は、187L/haの噴霧量、50cmの噴霧高でトラック噴霧器を用いて行われた。T0植物は、非形質転換トウモロコシ株に重大な損傷を与えることができる280〜4480g ae/haのグリホサートの範囲のグリホサートで噴霧された。致死量は、近交系B104に対して>95%損傷を引き起こす比率として定義される。
前述したように、T0形質転換植物を組織培養から移動させ、温室内で順化させた。試験された事象は、TraP5、TraP8、およびTraP23葉緑体輸送ペプチドに連結されたdgt−28を含有した。これらのT0植物は最大4480g ae/haまでのグリホサートに強固な耐性を提供し、非形質転換植物は、280g ae/ha程度に低い濃度のグリホサートで制御されたことが実証された。これらのデータは、dgt−28が、280〜4480g ae/haの範囲のグリホサートの濃度を用いる選択マーカーとして利用され得ることを実証する。
AAD−1タンパク質は、研究目的のためにdgt−28形質転換されたトウモロコシにおいて選択マーカーとして使用される。また、aad−1遺伝子は、作物における最大V8適用までに強固な2,4−D耐性を提供するために、トウモロコシにおける除草剤耐性の形質として利用することができる。構築物pDAB107663(TraP4::dgt−28)、pDAB107664(TraP8::dgt−28)およびpDAB107666(TraP5::dgt−28)からの4つの事象は、グリホサートおよび2,4−Dのタンク混合適用の耐性について特徴付けられた。特徴付け研究は、温室条件下でF1種子を用いて完了された。適用は、前述されるように、以下の比率:1120〜2240g ae/haのグリホサート(dgt−28遺伝子について選択的である)、1120〜2240g ae/haの2,4−D(aad−1遺伝子について選択的である)、または記載される比率での2つの除草剤のタンク混合物でトラック噴霧器において行われた。植物は7および14DATで等級付けされた。2240g ae/haの除草剤の適用についての噴霧結果を表23に示す。
追加の作物は、公知の技術を用いて形質転換される。アグロバクテリウムを媒介したライムギの形質転換については、例えば、Popelka JC, Xu J, Altpeter F., "Generation of rye with low transgene copy number after biolistic gene transfer and production of (Secale cereale L.) plants instantly marker-free transgenic rye," Transgenic Res. 2003 Oct;12(5):587-96を参照されたい。アグロバクテリウムを媒介したソルガムの形質転換については、例えば、Zhao et al, "Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation," Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Dec;44(6):789-98を参照されたい。アグロバクテリウムを媒介したオオムギの形質転換については、例えば、Tingay et al, "Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated barley transformation," The Plant Journal, (1997) 11:1369-1376を参照されたい。アグロバクテリウムを媒介したコムギの形質転換については、例えば、Cheng et al,"Genetic Transformation of Wheat Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens," Plant Physiol. 1997 Nov;115(3):971-980を参照されたい。アグロバクテリウムを媒介したイネの形質転換については、例えば、Hiei et al, "Transformation of rice mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens," Plant Mol. Biol. 1997 Sep;35(l-2):205-18を参照されたい。
昆虫抵抗性(IR)形質を含むトランスジェニック作物は、北米全体でトウモロコシ、ダイズ、およびワタ植物で広く行き渡っており、これらの形質の利用が世界中に拡大している。昆虫抵抗性と除草剤耐性(HT)の形質を組み合わせた市販のトランスジェニック作物は、複数の種子会社によって開発されている。これらは、バチルス・チューリンゲンシス(Bacillus thuringiensis)の形質(例えば、ウェブサイトlifesci.sussex.ac.uk、2006で列挙されているBt毒素)、非Bt昆虫抵抗性形質、および上記のHT形質のいずれかまたはすべてを含む。IR形質を介した複数の害虫問題を制御する能力は、価値のある商業的な製品コンセプトである。しかしながら、雑草防除および昆虫防除が互いに独立している場合は、この製品コンセプトの利便性が制限される。
従来の育種を通じて、または新たな形質転換事象として一緒に、dgt形質をaad形質(例えば、米国特許第7,838,733号に記載さているaad−1;またはPCT国際特許出願公開第WO2007/053482A2号に記載されているaad−12)と積み重ねることによって、雑草防除効率、柔軟性、および雑草転換と除草剤抵抗性の発生を管理する能力が改善される。
A.グリホサートは、ほとんどの草と広葉雑草種の防除のために、標準的な発芽後の適用比率(420〜2160g ae/ha、例えば、560〜1120g ae/ha)で適用される。dgt形質は、グリホサートのこれらの適用比率で耐性を提供することができる。ヒメムカシヨモギ(Conyza canadensis)のようなグリホサート抵抗性の広葉雑草、またはグリホサートでの防除が本質的に困難である雑草(例えば、ツユクサ属種(Commelina spp))の防除のために、280〜2240g ae/ha(例えば、560〜1120g ae/ha)の2,4−Dが、連続的に適用され、タンク混合され、またはグリホサートとの予混合として適用され、さらなる防除を付与する。aad−1とaad−12はともに2,4−Dに対する耐性を提供する。さらに、aad−12は、トリクロピルおよびフルロキシピルなどのピリジルオキシオーキシン除草剤に対する耐性を提供する。ピリジルオキシオーキシン除草剤は、ヒメムカシヨモギ(Conyza canadensis)とツユクサ属種(Commelina spp)のようなグリホサート抵抗性の広葉雑草を防除するために適用される。トリクロピルについては、適用比率は、典型的には、70〜1120g ae/ha、例えば、140〜420g ae/haの範囲である。フルロキシピルについては、適用比率は、典型的には、35〜560g ae/ha、例えば、70〜280g ae/haの範囲である。
イミダゾリノン除草剤耐性(AHAS)をコードする形質は、現在、北米において植え付けられた多数の作物に存在するが、限定されないが、トウモロコシ、イネ、ヒマワリ、およびコムギが挙げられる。さらなるイミダゾリノン耐性作物(例えば、ワタ、およびサトウダイコン)が開発されつつある。多数のイミダゾリノン除草剤(例えば、イマザモックス、イマゼタピル、イマザキン、およびイマザピック)は、現在、様々な従来の作物において選択的に使用されている。イマゼタピル、イマザモックス、および非選択的なイマザピルの使用は、AHASのようなイミダゾリノン耐性形質を通じて促進されてきた。これまでのイミダゾリノン耐性HTCは、非トランスジェニックであるという利点を有する。また、この化学クラスは、有意な土壌残留活性を有し、したがって、グリホサートまたはグルホシネートに基づく系とは異なり、適用時期を超えて延びる雑草防除を提供することができる。しかしながら、イミダゾリノン除草剤によって防除される雑草の範囲は、グリホサートほど広くない(Agriliance, 2003)。さらに、イミダゾリノン除草剤は、多数の雑草が抵抗性を生じている作用機序(アセト乳酸合成酵素の阻害、ALS)を有する(Heap I (2004)。除草剤抵抗性雑草の国際調査、www.weedscience.comで利用可能)。
A.イマゼタピルは、多くの草と広葉雑草種の防除のために、標準的な発芽後の適用比率(35〜280g ae/ha、例えば、70〜140g ae/ha)で適用される。
i)コモンウォーターヘンプ(Amaranthus rudis)、オオブタクサ(Ambrosia trifida)、シロザ(Chenopodium album)(とりわけ、Heap, 2004)のようなALS阻害剤抵抗性広葉雑草は、420〜2160g ae/ha、例えば、560〜1120g ae/haでグリホサートをタンク混合することによって防除される。
ii)サツマイモ属種(Ipomoea spp.)のようなイミダゾリノン除草剤に対して、本質的により耐性な広葉種は、420〜2160g ae/ha、例えば、560〜1120g ae/haでグリホサートをタンク混合することによって防除される。
iii)セイバンモロコシ(Sorghum halepense)およびドクムギ属種(Lolium spp.)のようなALS阻害剤抵抗性イネ科雑草は、420〜2160g ae/ha、例えば、560〜1120g ae/haでグリホサートをタンク混合することによって防除される。
iv)本質的に耐性なイネ科雑草種(例えば、シバムギ(Agropyron repens))は、420〜2160g ae/ha、例えば、560〜1120g ae/haでグリホサートをタンク混合することによって防除される。
安定に組み込まれたdgt−28導入遺伝子を含むトランスジェニックダイズ(Glycine max)は、アグロバクテリウムを媒介したダイズ子葉節外植片の形質転換を介して生成される。機能的dgt−28を含有するバイナリーベクターを担持する安全化されたアグロバクテリウム株を、形質転換を開始するために使用する。
典型的な形質転換方法において、安定に組み込まれたdgt−28導入遺伝子を含むトランスジェニックイネ(コメ(Oryza sativa))は、滅菌したイネ種子のアグロバクテリウムを媒介した形質転換を介して生成される。機能的dgt−28を含むバイナリーベクターを担持する安全化されたアグロバクテリウム株は、形質転換を開始するために使用される。
クリーピングベントグラスにおけるdgt−28導入遺伝子のアグロバクテリウム・ツメファシエンス(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)を媒介した遺伝的形質転換は、種子から開始される胚発生カルスを介して達成される(栽培品種Penn−A−4)。「Efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated turfgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L) transformation」(Luo et. al., 2004)を参照されたい。
グリホサートに対する抵抗性を付与するdgt−28遺伝子は、アグロバクテリウムを媒介した形質転換を用いて、セイヨウアブラナ(Brassica napus)変種Nexera(商標)710を形質転換するために使用される。
タバコ(cv. Petit Havana)の葉片を、dgt−28導入遺伝子を含むアグロバクテリウム・ツメファシエンス(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)を用いて形質転換する。dgt−28導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含有する単一コロニーを、スペクチノマイシン(50μg/mL)とストレプトマイシン(125μg/mL)を含有する4mLのYEP培地に植菌し、190rpmの振とう機上で一晩28℃にてインキュベートする。その後、4mLの種子培養物を用いて、125mLのバッフルされた三角フラスコ中で同じ培地の25mLの培養物を植菌する。この培養物を、OD600が約1.2に達するまで190rpmで振とうしながら28℃にてインキュベートする。次に、10mLのアグロバクテリウム懸濁液を、滅菌した60×20mmのペトリ(商標)皿に配置する。
DGT−28をコードするバイナリーベクターの製造。DGT−28発現およびPAT選択カセットを含むバイナリーベクターを設計し、当該技術分野において一般的に知られている技法および技術を用いて組み立てた。それぞれのDGT−28発現カセットは、プロモーター、トウモロコシ(Zea mays)由来のユビキチン(Ubi)遺伝子からの5’非翻訳領域とイントロン(Toki et al., Plant Physiology 1992, 100 1503-07)、続く5−エノールピルビルシキミ酸−3−リン酸シンターゼ遺伝子(DGT−28)の合成バージョンの5’端に融合された4つの輸送ペプチドのうちの1つ(TraP4、TraP8、TraP23またはTraP5)からなるコード配列を含み、植物における発現にコドン最適化されている。DGT−28発現カセットは、トウモロコシ(Z. mays)由来のリパーゼ遺伝子(Vp1)の転写ターミネーターとポリアデニル化部位を含む3’非翻訳領域(UTR)(Paek et al., Mol. Cells 1998 30;8(3) 336-42)を用いて終了させた。PAT選択カセットは、プロモーター、コメ(Oryza sativa)由来のアクチン(Act1)遺伝子からの5’非翻訳領域とイントロン(McElroy et al., The Plant Cell 1990 2( 2) 163-171)、続くストレプトマイセス・ビリドクロモゲネス(Streptomyces viridochromogenes)から単離されたホスフィノトリシンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ(PAT)遺伝子の合成バージョンから構成され、植物における発現にコドン最適化されている。PAT遺伝子は、ホフィノトリシン、グルホシネート、およびビアラホスを含むグルタミン合成酵素の阻害剤に対する抵抗性を付与するタンパク質をコードする(Wohlleben et al., Gene 1988, 70(1), 25-37)。選択カセットは、転写ターミネーターとカリフラワーモザイクウイルス(CaMV)の35s遺伝子(Chenault et al., Plant Physiology 1993 101 (4), 1395-1396)からのポリアデニル化部位を含む3’UTRで終了された。
5' GCGAAGATCCAGGACAAGGA 3'(配列番号85;フォワードプライマー)
5' CTGCTTACCGGCAAAGATGAG 3'(配列番号86;リバースプライマー)
5' TTCCCCCGGACCAGCAGCGT 3'(配列番号87;プローブ)
およびpTiBo542からのvirC:
5' CCGACGAGAAAGACCAGCAA 3'(配列番号88;フォワードプライマー)
5' CTTAAGTTGTCGATCGGGACTGT 3'(配列番号89;リバースプライマー)
5' TGAGCCTCTCGTCGCCGATCACAT 3'(配列番号90;プローブ))。
5' ATTTTCCATTCACTTGGCCC 3'(配列番号91;フォワードプライマー)
5' TGCTATCTGGCTCAGCTGC 3'(配列番号92;リバースプライマー)
5' ATGGTGGAAGGGCGGTTGTGA 3'(配列番号93;プローブ)
およびT−DNAに存在するアクチン(Act1)プロモーターの領域:
5' CTCCCGCGCACCGATCTG 3'(配列番号94;フォワードプライマー)
5' CCCGCCCCTCTCCTCTTTC 3'(配列番号95;リバースプライマー)
5' AAGCCGCCTCTCGCCCACCCA 3'(配列番号96;プローブ)
を増幅した。
タンパク質精製および結晶化。組換えSsvESPSシンターゼのクローニング、発現および精製は、次のようにして達成され得る。簡単に述べると、SsvESPSシンターゼの過剰発現プラスミドは、コンピテント大腸菌(E. coli)Rosetta2株に形質転換され、組換えタンパク質発現は、16時間、18℃にて0.2mM IPTGの添加によって誘導される。細胞を遠心分離によって回収し、溶解緩衝液−20mM Tris(pH8.0)、500mM NaCl、10%グリセロールおよび0.1%両性イオン界面活性剤(DDM(ドデシルマルトシド)またはDM(デシルマルトシド):βアノマーの純度>98%、および1%未満のαアノマーの混入)に再懸濁される。C5 Avestin細胞ホモジナイザーへの複数回の通過を用いて、細胞を溶解し、溶解物を超遠心分離によって清澄化する。溶解物を、溶解緩衝液で平衡化した5mL Ni−NTAカラムに装填する。30mMイミダゾールが補足された溶解緩衝液を用いてカラムを広く洗浄し、200mMイミダゾールまでの直線勾配によって溶出する。SDS−PAGEによって判断されるように、純粋なタンパク質画分をプールし、20mM Tris(pH8.9)、300mM NaClおよび0.1%DM/DDM中で12時間透析する。ヘキサヒスチジンタグは、トロンビン(1ユニット/mgのタンパク質)による消化、続く、20mM HEPES(pH7.5)、300mM KCl、1mM β−メルカプトエタノールおよび0.05%DM/DDM中でのイオン交換クロマトグラフィーとサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(Superdex 75 16/60、GE Healthcare)によって除去される。Amiconの遠心フィルターを用いてタンパク質を濃縮する。
(符号の説明)
本発明は以下の態様を含む。
[1]
クラスIV EPSPSポリペプチドをコードする単離された核酸分子。
[2]
クラスIV EPSPSポリペプチドが、配列番号1、67、68、145、146、148、150、152、154、156、158、160、162、164、166および168からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のクラスIV EPSPSと少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する、[1]に記載の核酸分子。
[3]
クラスIV EPSPSポリペプチドが、配列番号170〜173を含む、[1]に記載の核酸分子。
[4]
クラスIV EPSPSポリペプチドが、クラスI EPSPSポリペプチドと比較した場合に、ポリペプチド中のグリホサート結合部位と隣接している内部α−ヘリックスを含み、内部α−ヘリックスが、活性部位中に押し込まれ、その結果、グリホサートホスホネートを妨げる、[1]に記載の核酸分子。
[5]
配列番号147、149、151、153、155、157、159、161、163、165、167および169からなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド配列に対して少なくとも80%の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列を含む、[1]に記載の核酸分子。
[6]
[1]に記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
[7]
異種ポリペプチドをコードする核酸をさらに含む、[6]に記載のベクター。
[8]
核酸のコード配列が、プロモーターと作動可能に連結している、[6]に記載のベクター。
[9]
異種核酸として、[1]に記載の核酸分子を含有する宿主細胞。
[10]
プロモーターが、AtUbi10プロモーターである、[8]に記載のベクター。
[11]
植物細胞である、[9]に記載の宿主細胞。
[12]
[1]に記載の核酸を含む、トランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞。
[13]
植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子および/または植物細胞が、同種の野生型植物と比較した場合に、グリホサートに対して耐性である、[12]に記載のトランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞。
[14]
核酸が、LGNAAT(配列番号141)をコードせず、ALLMXAPLT(式中、Xは、アラニン、セリンおよびトレオニンからなる群から選択される)(配列番号142)をコードしない、[12]に記載のトランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞。
[15]
[12]に記載のトランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子および/または植物細胞から製造された再生可能な細胞の組織培養物。
[16]
[12]に記載のトランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞から製造されたプロトプラスト。
[17]
再生可能な細胞が、葉、花粉、胚、子葉、胚軸、分裂組織細胞、根、根端、葯、花、茎および鞘からなる群から選択される組織種から製造される、[15]に記載の組織培養物。
[18]
グリホサートに対して抵抗性である、[15]に記載の組織培養物から再生された植物。
[19]
グリホサートに対して抵抗性である、トランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞を作製する方法であって、
植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞を、[1]に記載の核酸分子を用いて形質転換することと、
クラスIV EPSPSポリペプチドを発現させることと
を含む、方法。
[20]
形質転換された植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞が、グリホサートに対して抵抗性である、[19]に記載の方法。
[21]
除草剤抵抗性植物を含有する耕作区域において雑草を防除する方法であって、
耕作区域に、異種核酸として、[1]に記載の核酸分子を含む植物または植物種子を植えることと
植物または植物種子に大幅に影響を及ぼすことなく、耕作区域において雑草を防除するのに十分な量の除草剤を耕作区域に適用することと
を含む、方法。
[22]
除草剤が、グリホサートである、[21]に記載の方法。
[23]
[1に記載の異種核酸分子を含む植物または植物種子が、異種ポリペプチドをコードする第2の核酸を含む、[21]に記載の方法。
[24]
第2の核酸が、aad−1またはaad−12を含む、[23]に記載の方法。
[25]
植物において除草剤に対する抵抗性を付与する方法であって、
植物を、[1]に記載の核酸と作動可能に連結しているプロモーターを含むDNA構築物を用いて形質転換することと、
形質転換された植物を再生させることと、
核酸分子を発現させて、クラスIV EPSPSポリペプチドを製造することと
を含む、方法。
[26]
除草剤が、グリホサートである、[25]に記載の方法。
[27]
DNA構築物が、植物において発現可能な異種ポリペプチドをコードする第2の核酸分子を含む、[25]に記載の方法。
[28]
異種ポリペプチドが、aad−1またはaad−12を含む、[27]に記載の方法。
[29]
異種核酸として[1]に記載の核酸がそのゲノム中に安定に組み込まれた植物であって、核酸が、プロモーターと作動可能に連結している、植物。
[30]
ダイズ植物体である、[29]に記載の植物。
[31]
トウモロコシ植物体である、[29]に記載の植物。
[32]
コムギ、トウモロコシ、ダイズ、タバコ、ビロードキビ、イネ、アワ、オオムギ、トマト、リンゴ、セイヨウナシ、イチゴ、オレンジ、アルファルファ、ワタ、ニンジン、ジャガイモ、サトウダイコン、ヤムイモ、レタス、ホウレンソウ、ペチュニア、バラ、キク、シバクサ、マツ、モミ、トウヒ、重金属蓄積植物、ヒマワリ、ベニバナ、ナタネおよびアラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)からなる群から選択される、[29]に記載の植物。
[33]
アスパラガス属(Asparagus)、カラスムギ属(Avena)、ビロードキビ属(Brachiaria)、アブラナ属(Brassica)、シトラス属(Citrus)、スイカ属(Citrullus)、トウガラシ属(Capsicum)、カボチャ属(Cucurbita)、ニンジン属(Daucus)、ムカシヨモギ属(Erigeron)、ダイズ属(Glycine)、ワタ属(Gossypium)、オオムギ属(Hordeum)、ヒマワリ属(Helianthus)、アキノノゲシ属(Lactuca)、ドクムギ属(Lolium)、トマト属(Lycopersicon)、リンゴ属(Malus)、キャッサバ属(Manihot)、タバコ属(Nicotiana)、オオアラセイトウ属(Orychophragmus)、イネ属(Oryza)、ワニナシ属(Persea)、インゲンマメ属(Phaseolus)、エンドウ属(Pisum)、ナシ属(Pyrus)、サクラ属(Prunus)、ダイコン属(Raphanus)、ライムギ属(Secale)、ナス属(Solanum)、ソルガム属(Sorghum)、コムギ属(Triticum)、ブドウ属(Vitis)、ササゲ属(Vigna)およびトウモロコシ属(Zea)からなる群から選択される種である、[29]に記載の植物。
[34]
植物体を生成するよう再生可能ではない、[9]に記載の宿主細胞。
[35]
植物体を生成するよう再生可能ではない、[12]に記載の植物、植物の部分、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞。
[36]
植物体を生成するよう再生可能ではない植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子または植物細胞が形質転換される、[19]に記載の方法。
[37]
核酸のコード配列が、植物における発現のために設計されている合成配列を含む、[1]に記載の核酸分子。
Claims (31)
- 植物細胞において発現するように改変された合成ヌクレオチド配列を含むポリヌクレオチドに作動可能に連結した、植物細胞において機能的であるプロモーターを含む植物発現カセットを含む単離された核酸分子であって、
前記ポリヌクレオチドが、葉緑体輸送ペプチド(CTP)と5−エノールピルビルシキミ酸−3−ホスフェートシンターゼ(EPSPS)を含むキメラポリペプチドをコードし、前記EPSPSが配列番号1、配列番号67、配列番号68または配列番号145と少なくとも90%同一であり、
前記EPSPSが植物細胞にグリホサート耐性を付与する、核酸分子。 - 前記EPSPSが、配列番号1、配列番号67または配列番号68と少なくとも90%同一である、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記EPSPSが、配列番号1、配列番号67、配列番号68または配列番号145のアミノ酸配列における第1のメチオニンに続くアミノ酸と同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記EPSPSが、配列番号1、配列番号67または配列番号68のアミノ酸配列における第1のメチオニンに続くアミノ酸と同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項3に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記CTPが、配列番号176〜184からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記CTPが、配列番号176〜184からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドである、請求項5に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記キメラポリペプチドが、配列番号185〜193からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記キメラポリペプチドが、配列番号185〜193からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドである、請求項7に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記EPSPSをコードするポリヌクレオチドのヌクレオチド配列が、配列番号2〜24および144のヌクレオチド配列からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記CTPをコードするポリヌクレオチドのヌクレオチド配列が、配列番号33〜41のヌクレオチド配列からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記キメラポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドが、配列番号42、43、79〜84および143のヌクレオチド配列からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 前記核酸分子がベクターである、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- ゲノム内に請求項1に記載の核酸分子を含む、トランスジェニック植物細胞。
- 請求項13に記載のトランスジェニック植物細胞を含むトランスジェニック植物材料であって、植物、植物の一部、植物器官または植物種子であり、同種の野生型植物材料と比較した場合に、グリホサートに対して耐性である、植物材料。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子をゲノム核酸分子として含む再生可能な植物細胞の組織培養物であって、
葉、花粉、胚、子葉、胚軸、分裂組織細胞、根、根端、葯、花、茎および鞘からなる群から選択される組織種から製造される、組織培養物。 - 請求項1に記載の核酸分子を含むプロトプラスト。
- 前記植物材料がグリホサート抵抗性植物である、請求項14に記載のトランスジェニック植物材料。
- グリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物細胞を作製する方法であって、
植物細胞を、請求項1に記載の核酸分子を用いて形質転換すること
を含む、方法。 - 前記植物細胞が植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子、植物細胞培養物または植物組織培養物に含まれる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 請求項17に記載のグリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物を含有する耕作区域において雑草を防除する方法であって、
前記トランスジェニック植物に大幅に影響を及ぼすことなく、耕作区域において雑草を防除するのに十分な量のグリホサートを耕作区域に適用すること
を含む、方法。 - 前記トランスジェニック植物が、α−ケトグルタレート依存性ジオキシゲナーゼ−1(AAD−1)またはα−ケトグルタレート依存性ジオキシゲナーゼ−12(AAD−12)をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、
前記トランスジェニック植物に大幅に影響を及ぼすことなく、耕作区域において雑草を防除するのに十分な量のフェノキシオーキシン除草剤を耕作区域に適用することをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。 - グリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物を前記トランスジェニック植物細胞から再生させること
をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。 - ダイズ植物体である、請求項17に記載のグリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物。
- トウモロコシ植物体である、請求項17に記載のグリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物。
- コムギ、トウモロコシ、ダイズ、タバコ、ビロードキビ、イネ、アワ、オオムギ、トマト、リンゴ、セイヨウナシ、イチゴ、オレンジ、アルファルファ、ワタ、ニンジン、ジャガイモ、サトウダイコン、ヤムイモ、レタス、ホウレンソウ、ペチュニア、バラ、キク、シバクサ、マツ、モミ、トウヒ、重金属蓄積植物、ヒマワリ、ベニバナ、ナタネおよびアラビドプシス属(Arabidopsis)からなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載のグリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物。
- アスパラガス属(Asparagus)、カラスムギ属(Avena)、ビロードキビ属(Brachiaria)、アブラナ属(Brassica)、シトラス属(Citrus)、スイカ属(Citrullus)、トウガラシ属(Capsicum)、カボチャ属(Cucurbita)、ニンジン属(Daucus)、ムカシヨモギ属(Erigeron)、ダイズ属(Glycine)、ワタ属(Gossypium)、オオムギ属(Hordeum)、ヒマワリ属(Helianthus)、アキノノゲシ属(Lactuca)、ドクムギ属(Lolium)、トマト属(Lycopersicon)、リンゴ属(Malus)、キャッサバ属(Manihot)、タバコ属(Nicotiana)、オオアラセイトウ属(Orychophragmus)、イネ属(Oryza)、ワニナシ属(Persea)、インゲンマメ属(Phaseolus)、エンドウ属(Pisum)、ナシ属(Pyrus)、サクラ属(Prunus)、ダイコン属(Raphanus)、ライムギ属(Secale)、ナス属(Solanum)、ソルガム属(Sorghum)、コムギ属(Triticum)、ブドウ属(Vitis)、ササゲ属(Vigna)およびトウモロコシ属(Zea)からなる群から選択される種である、請求項17に記載のグリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物。
- 請求項7に記載の核酸分子を含む、グリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物細胞。
- 請求項27に記載のトランスジェニック植物細胞を含む、グリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物、植物の一部、植物器官、植物種子、植物細胞培養物または植物組織培養物。
- 請求項27に記載のトランスジェニック植物細胞を含む、グリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物。
- グリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物細胞を作製する方法であって、
前記植物細胞を請求項7に記載の核酸分子で形質転換することを含む、方法。 - 請求項29に記載のグリホサート抵抗性トランスジェニック植物を含有する耕作区域において雑草を防除する方法であって、
前記トランスジェニック植物に大幅に影響を及ぼすことなく、耕作区域において雑草を防除するのに十分な量のグリホサートを耕作区域に適用すること
を含む、方法。
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