JP6478336B2 - フッ素置換オレフィンを含有する組成物 - Google Patents
フッ素置換オレフィンを含有する組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6478336B2 JP6478336B2 JP2017012192A JP2017012192A JP6478336B2 JP 6478336 B2 JP6478336 B2 JP 6478336B2 JP 2017012192 A JP2017012192 A JP 2017012192A JP 2017012192 A JP2017012192 A JP 2017012192A JP 6478336 B2 JP6478336 B2 JP 6478336B2
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- heat transfer
- composition
- vapor compression
- transfer composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- A01N29/02—Acyclic compounds or compounds containing halogen attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a cycloaliphatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
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Description
Tung)他による代理人整理番号H0003789(26267)の出願の各々に関連す
る出願であり、その各々を引用によって援用する。
一定のフルオロカーボンは、長年の間、多くの用途において、冷媒など多くの熱交換流体に好適な成分であった。例えば、クロロフルオロメタン誘導体およびクロロフルオロエタン誘導体などのフルオロアルカンは、その化学的および物理的特性の特有の組合せによって、空調およびヒートポンプ用途を含む用途における冷媒として、広範に用いられている。蒸気圧縮システムにて一般的に利用されている冷媒の多くは、単一成分の流体、または共沸混合物である。
に存在する特性、特に、優れた熱移動特性、化学的安定性、低毒性または無毒性、不燃性、および潤滑剤相溶性などの特性を備える必要もあることは、一般に重要であると考えられる。
こともあり得る。また、そのような化合物は、高すぎる沸点を有するために一定用途の冷媒としては有用でない場合がある。
本発明は、3〜4個の炭素原子および少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有する少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンを含有する組成物に関する。本明細書では簡便のため、本発明のフルオロアルケン化合物が少なくとも1個の水素を含む場合には、それらの化合物をハイドロフルオロオレフィン、すなわち「HFO」と称する時がある。ここで言及されているHFOは2つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有し得ることが想定されるが、現在のところ、そのような化合物は好適であると思われない。
O−1234yf)、および1,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225ye)、およびそれらの各々の任意のまたは全ての立体異性体であることはさらに好適である。出願人らは、マウスおよびラットへの吸入曝露によって評価されるように、そうした化合物が有する急性毒性レベルが非常に低いことを発見した。他方、出願人らは、この組成物と共に用いるのに適した一定の化合物、すなわち末端の不飽和炭素上に1つより多いFを有する化合物、すなわち末端の不飽和炭素上に1つのHも有さない化合物が、比較的高い毒性と関連し得ることを発見した。例えば、出願人らは、1,1,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225zc)が、マウスおよびラットへの吸入曝露によって評価されるように、許容可能でない高い毒性を示すことを発見した。
)から商業的に入手可能である。さらに、フルオロアルケンの製造については特許文献に一般に記載されている。例えば、炭素数3の種々の飽和および不飽和なハロゲン含有化合物の触媒的な蒸気相フッ素化によるCF3CH=CH2などのフルオロプロペンの製造は、米国特許第2,889,379号明細書、第4,798,818号明細書、および第4,465,786号明細書に記載されている。これらの各々を引用によって本明細書に援用する。米国特許第5,532,419号明細書では、クロロハロフルオロカーボンまた
はブロモハロフルオロカーボンおよびHFを用いてフルオロアルケンを製造するための、蒸気相触媒的プロセスが開示されている。これも引用によって本明細書に援用する。欧州特許第974,571号明細書では、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa)を蒸気相で昇温下クロム系触媒と接触させる、または液相でKOH,NaOH,Ca(OH)2,またはMg(OH)2のアルコール溶液と接触させることによる、1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペンの調製が開示されている。これも引用によって本明細書に援用する。さらに、本発明に関する化合物を製造する方法は、同時に出願されている米国特許出願である、「フルオロプロペンの製造工程」と題された、代理人整理番号(H0003789(26267))を有する出願に関連して記載されており、この出願を引用によって本明細書に援用する。
には0.05以下であり、より好適には0.02以下であり、さらに好適には、ほぼ0である。本明細書で用いられる「ODP」は「オゾン破壊の科学評価、2002年、世界気象機関の地球オゾンの研究および観測プロジェクトの報告」、これを引用によって本明細書に援用する、で定義されている。
本発明の組成物は広い範囲に渡る量で本発明の化合物を含有し得ることが想定されるが、一般には、本発明の冷媒組成物は、化学式(I)およびさらに好適には化学式(II)に従う化合物を組成物に対して重量で少なくとも約50%、さらに好適には少なくとも約70%、含有することが好適である。
リオールエステル(POE)およびポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)など、一般的に用いられる冷却潤滑剤が、本発明の冷媒組成物と共に用いられてもよい。
発泡剤も1つ以上のこの組成物を構成し得る。上述のように、本発明の組成物は広い範囲に渡る量で本発明の化合物を含有し得る。しかしながら一般には、本発明による発泡剤として用いるために好適な組成物においては、化学式(I)およびさらに好適には化学式(II)に従う化合物が、組成物に対して重量で少なくとも約5%、さらに好適には重量で少なくとも約15%、存在することが好適である。
別の態様では、本発明によって、好適には噴霧可能な組成物である噴射剤組成物など、本発明の組成物を含むまたは本発明の組成物から本質的になる噴射剤組成物が与えられる。本発明の噴射剤組成物は、好適には、噴霧される材料と、本発明による組成物を含む噴射剤、本発明による組成物から本質的になる噴射剤、または本発明による組成物からなる噴射剤とを含む。不活性原料、溶剤、および他の材料も、噴霧可能な混合物に存在し得る。好適には、噴霧可能な組成物はエアゾールである。適切な噴霧される材料には、以下に限定されないが、脱臭剤、香料、ヘアスプレー、清浄剤、および研磨剤などの化粧品材料や、抗喘息薬剤および抗口臭薬剤などの医薬材料も含まれる。
本発明の組成物は、冷却、空調、およびヒートポンプシステムにおいて用いられる冷媒など、熱を移動させるための方法およびシステムにおける熱移動流体を含む、多数の方法およびシステムに関して有用である。またこの組成物は、エアゾールを生成するシステムおよび方法における使用にも有利であり、好適にはそのようなシステムおよび方法におけるエアゾール噴射剤を含むか、またはエアゾール噴射剤からなる。フォームを形成する方法と消火および鎮火する方法ともまた、本発明の一定の態様に含まれる。また本発明では
、そのような方法およびシステムにおいてこの組成物が溶剤組成物として用いられる一定の態様にて、物品から残留物を除去する方法も提供される。
好適な熱移動方法は、一般に、本発明の組成物を与える工程と、組成物へまたは組成物から熱を移動させて組成物の相を変化させる工程とから成る。例えば、この方法では、流体または物品から熱を吸収することによって、好適には、冷却される物体または流体の付近で本発明の冷媒組成物を蒸発させてこの組成物を含有する蒸気を生成することによって、冷却する工程が与えられる。好適にはこの方法には、通常は圧縮機または同様の機器を用いて、比較的高圧で本発明の組成物の蒸気を生成する、冷媒蒸気を圧縮する工程がさらに含まれる。一般に、蒸気を圧縮する工程によって蒸気に熱が加えられ、それによって比較的高圧の蒸気の温度は上昇する。好適には、この方法には、この比較的高温高圧の蒸気から蒸発および圧縮工程によって加えられた熱の少なくとも一部分を除去する工程が含まれる。除熱工程には、好適には、蒸気が比較的高圧の状態にあり本発明の組成物を含有する比較的高圧の液体を生成する間に、高温高圧の蒸気を凝縮する工程が含まれる。この比較的高圧の液体は、好適には続いて見かけ上、等エンタルピー的に減圧されて、比較的低温低圧な液体が生成する。そのような実施態様では、冷却される物体または流体から移動される熱によって続いて気化されるのは、この温度が低下した冷媒の液体である。
本発明の一実施態様は、フォーム、好適にはポリウレタンおよびポリイソシアヌレートのフォームを形成する方法に関する。この方法は一般に、当業者には公知であるように、本発明の発泡剤組成物を与える工程と、発泡剤組成物を発泡組成物に(直接的または間接的に)添加する工程と、フォームすなわちセル状の構造を形成するのに有効な条件の下で発泡組成物を反応させる工程とを含む。「ポリウレタンの化学および技術(Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology)」(ソーンダーズ(Saunders)およびフリッシュ(Frisch)著、ニューヨーク州ニューヨーク、ジョン・ワイリー・アンド・サンズ(John Wiley and Sons)、1962年、第1巻および第2巻)に記載されている方法など、当業者に公
知である方法はいずれも本発明のフォームの実施態様での使用に用いられまたは適合され得る。一般に、そのような好適な方法は、イソシアネートと、ポリオールまたはポリオール混合物と、本発明の組成物のうち1つ以上を含有する発泡剤または発泡剤混合物と、触媒、界面活性剤、および随意で、燃焼遅延剤、着色料、または他の添加剤などの他の材料とを組合わせることによって、ポリウレタンまたはポリイソシアヌレートのフォームを調製する工程を含む。
遅延剤、着色料、発泡助剤、および他のポリオールなど他の原料を、混合ヘッドすなわち反応部に第3の流分として添加することが可能である。しかしながら最も好適には、上述のようにそれらは全て1つのB成分の中に組み込まれる。
また本発明では、本発明の組成物を物品に適用することによって、製品、部品、構成要素、基板、または任意の他の物品、またはそれらの部分から汚染物質を除去する方法が提供される。簡便のため本明細書では、「物品」の語は、そのような製品、部品、構成要素、基板などの全てを指して用いられ、さらに、それらの任意の表面または部分を指すことが意図されている。さらに「汚染物質」の語は、物品の上に存在する任意の所望されていない材料または物質を、たとえそうした物質が物品上に意図的に配置された場合であっても、指すことが意図されている。例えば半導体デバイスの製造においては、基板上にフォトレジスト材料を堆積してエッチング作業用のマスクを形成し、続いてその基板からそのフォトレジスト材料を除去することが一般的である。本明細書で用いられる「汚染物質」の語は、そうしたフォトレジスト材料を含みかつ包含することが意図されている。
米国特許第3,085,918号明細書に開示されており、この出願を引用によって本明細書に援用する。シャーリカーらに開示されている機器には、溶剤組成物を収容する沸騰
溜め(boiling sump)、蒸留された溶剤を収容する洗浄溜め(clean sump)、水分離器、および他の補助機器が含まれる。
一定の他の好適な実施態様において、本発明では流体の可燃性を低減する方法が提供され、この方法には、そのような流体に対して本発明の化合物または組成物を添加する工程が含まれる。可燃性である任意の広い範囲の流体の可燃性が、本発明によって低減され得る。例えば、エチレンオキサイド並びに、HFC−152a、1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(HFC−143a)、ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)、プロパン、ヘキサン、オクタンなどを含む可燃性ハイドロフルオロカーボンおよびハイドロカーボンなどの流体の可燃性は、本発明によって低減可能である。本発明の目的において、可燃性流体は、ASTM E−681など任意の標準的な従来の試験方法により評価される空気中で燃焼
範囲を示す、任意の流体であり得る。
さらに本発明では鎮火する方法が提供され、この方法には、本発明の化合物または組成物を含有する流体と炎を接触させる工程が含まれる。この組成物と炎を接触させるために、任意の適切な方法が用いられ得る。例えば本発明の組成物は、炎に噴霧、注入などされてよく、または炎の少なくとも一部分が組成物中に浸漬されてもよい。本明細書の教示に照らして、当業者は、種々の従来技術の鎮火器械および方法を本発明における使用に容易に適合させることが可能であろう。
特に医療分野で用いられる、多くの物品、デバイス、および材料は、患者および病院職員の健康および安全など、健康および安全の理由から使用に先立ち滅菌される必要がある。本発明では、滅菌される物品、デバイス、または材料を本発明の化合物または組成物と接触させる工程を含む、滅菌方法が提供される。そのような方法は、高温または低温の滅菌方法のいずれでもあり得る。一定の実施態様では、高温滅菌には、滅菌される物品、デバイス、または材料を、好適には実質的に密封されたチャンバ内で、約121℃〜約132℃(約250°F〜約270°F)の温度で本発明の化合物または組成物を含有する高温の流体に曝露する工程が含まれる。通常は、このプロセスを約2時間未満で完了することが可能である。しかしながら、プラスチック材料および電気部品など幾つかの物品では、このような高温に耐えることが可能でなく、低温滅菌が必要とされる。
で実施される、少なくとも2段階のプロセスである。第1の工程(滅菌工程)では、洗浄されガス透過性バッグに包装された物品がチャンバ内に配置される。続いて、減圧することおよび場合によっては空気を水蒸気で置換することによって、チャンバから空気が排出される。一定の実施態様では、水蒸気をチャンバ内に注入して、好適には約30%〜約70%の範囲に相対湿度を到達させることが好適である。このような湿度によって、所望の相対湿度が到達された後にチャンバ内に導入される滅菌剤の滅菌有効性が最大化され得る。滅菌剤が包装を透過して物品の間隙に届くのに充分な時間の後、滅菌剤および水蒸気がチャンバから排出される。
の組合せが含まれる。空気洗浄は、バッチ・プロセスであり、通常は、チャンバを比較的短い時間、例えば12分間、脱気する工程と、続いて大気圧またはそれより高い圧力の空気をチャンバ内に導入する工程とを含む。所望通りに滅菌剤が除去されるまで、このサイクルは任意の回数繰り返される。連続曝気は、典型的には、アウトレットをわずかに減圧することにより、チャンバの1つの側にあるインレットを通じて空気を導入する工程と、続いてチャンバの他の側のアウトレットを通じてその空気を吸引する工程とを含む。多くの場合、2つのアプローチは組合わされる。例えば、一般的なアプローチには、空気洗浄を実施する工程と、続いて曝気サイクルを実施する工程とが含まれる。
実施例1:
成績係数(COP)は、一般に認められている冷媒性能の尺度であり、特に、冷媒の蒸発または凝縮を含む特定の加熱または冷却サイクルにおける冷媒の相対的な熱力学的効率を表すのに有用である。冷却工学では、この用語は、蒸気を圧縮する際に圧縮機によって加えられるエネルギーに対する実効の冷却の比を示す。冷媒の能力(capacity)は、冷媒が与える冷却または加熱の量を表し、与えられた体積流速の冷媒に対して圧縮機が熱量を供給する性能の尺度を与える。換言すれば、特定の圧縮機が与えられた場合、より能力の高い冷媒がより多くの冷却または加熱出力を伝える。特定の作業条件での冷媒のCOPを推定する一手段は、標準的な冷却サイクル分析手法を用いる冷媒の熱力学的特性に基づく(例えば、アール.シー.ダウニング(R.C.Downing)著、「フルオロカーボン冷却剤ハ
ンドブック(FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK)」、プレンティス−ホール(Prentice-Hall)、1988年、第3章を参照)。
範囲の凝縮器温度および蒸発器温度に渡って測定し、以下の表1に報告する。
種々の冷却潤滑剤とHFO−1225yeおよびHFO−1234zeとの混和性が試験されている。試験された潤滑剤は、鉱物油(炭素数3)、アルキルベンゼン(ゼロール(Zerol)150)、エステル油(モービル(Mobil)EAL22ccおよびソレスト(Solest)120)、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)油(グッドレンチ(Goodwrench)冷却油、134aシステム用)、およびポリ(アルファ−オレフィン)油(CP−6005−100)である。各々の冷媒/油の組合せにおいて、3つの組成物、すなわち、潤滑剤が5,20,および50重量パーセントであり、各々の残りが試験される本発明の化合物である組成物が試験されている。
冷却および空調システムに用いられる金属との接触時の、本発明の冷媒化合物および組成物とPAG潤滑油との相溶性が、多くの冷却および空調用途で見出されるより充分に過酷な条件である350°Fで試験されている。
の油がガラスチューブに添加される。続いてガラスチューブは脱気されて、1グラムの冷媒が添加される。ガラスチューブは350°Fのオーブン中に1週間置かれ、目視で観察される。曝露期間が終わると、ガラスチューブが取り出される。
a)HFC−1234zeおよびGMグッドレンチPAG油
b)HFC−1243zfおよびGMグッドレンチ油PAG油
c)HFC−1234zeおよびMOPAR−56PAG油
d)HFC−1243zfおよびMOPAR−56PAG油
e)HFC−1225yeおよびMOPAR−56PAG油
全ての場合で、ガラスチューブの内容物の外観の変化は最小である。このことは、本発明の冷媒化合物および組成物が、冷却および空調システムに見出されるアルミニウム、鋼、および銅との接触時、および、それらの種類のシステムにてそのような組成物に含まれるまたはそのような組成物と共に用いられる可能性のある種類の潤滑油との接触時に、安定であることを示している。
アルミニウム片、銅片、および鋼片が、鉱物油およびCFC−12と共に肉厚のガラスチューブに加えられ、実施例3でのように、350°Fで1週間加熱される。曝露期間が終わるとガラスチューブが取り出され、目視で観察される。液体の内容物が黒く変色しているのが観察され、このことはガラスチューブの内容物が激しく分解している事を示している。
Claims (26)
- 流体または物体を加熱または冷却する方法であって、
(a)冷媒の少なくとも50重量%の量で存在するトランス−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(トランスHFO−1234ze)を含む冷媒と、ポリアルキレングリコールとを含む熱移動組成物を少なくとも1つの圧縮機、少なくとも1つの凝縮器及び少なくとも1つの蒸発器を有するシステムに提供し、そして
(b)前記冷媒を蒸発または凝縮することによって前記流体または物体へまたは前記流体または物体から熱を移動する
ことを含み、
前記凝縮器が150°F(66℃)を含む温度範囲で運転される、方法。 - 前記熱移動組成物が、HFC−134aと比較して1の相対能力を有し、HFC−134aと比較して1の相対成績係数(相対COP)を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記蒸発器が−35°F(−37℃)を含む温度範囲で運転される、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記トランス−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(トランスHFO−1234ze)が、マウスおよびラットへの吸入曝露によって測定される実質的な急性毒性を有しない、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱移動組成物が、5重量%の潤滑剤濃度で測定して−50℃〜+70℃の温度範囲にわたり1つの液相を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱移動組成物が、20重量%の潤滑剤濃度で測定して−50℃〜+70℃の温度範囲にわたり1つの液相を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱移動組成物が、50重量%の潤滑剤濃度で測定して−50℃〜+70℃の温度範囲にわたり1つの液相を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアルキレングリコールが、前記熱移動組成物に対して重量で30%〜50%の量で存在する、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒が0.05以下のオゾン破壊係数(ODP)を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒が0のオゾン破壊係数(ODP)を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱移動組成物が不燃性組成物である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒が少なくとも70重量%のトランスHFO−1234zeを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記冷媒が、トランスHFO−1234zeからなる、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱移動組成物が、HFC−134aの代替物として提供される、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱移動組成物が、HFC−134aで運転可能なシステムにおいて使用されるために提供される、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 圧縮機、凝縮器及び冷媒を含む熱移動組成物を含む熱移動を提供する蒸気圧縮システムであって、
前記冷媒が、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234yf)からなり、
前記システムが、150°F(66℃)を含む凝縮温度で運転可能であり、
前記熱移動組成物が、前記システムにおけるHFC−134aからなる冷媒を含む熱移動組成物の能力及びCOPと同等の前記システムにおける能力及びCOPを有する、前記システム。 - 前記冷媒が、HFC−134aと比較して1.10の相対能力を有する、請求項16記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記冷媒が、HFC−134aと比較して0.98の相対成績係数(相対COP)を有する、請求項16記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記システムが、少なくとも1種の潤滑剤をさらに含む、請求項16記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記潤滑剤が、ポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる、請求項19記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記潤滑剤が、少なくとも1種のポリアルキレングリコールを含む、請求項19記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記潤滑剤が、少なくとも1種のポリオールエステルを含む、請求項19記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 潤滑剤が、前記システムにおける冷媒及び潤滑剤の合計重量の30〜50重量%の量で前記システムに存在する、請求項19〜22のいずれかに記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記冷媒が、150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、請求項16に記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 前記冷媒が、75以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、請求項16に記載の蒸気圧縮システム。
- 請求項16〜25のいずれかに記載の蒸気圧縮システムを含む空調システム。
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