JP4699758B2 - フッ素置換オレフィンを含有する組成物 - Google Patents
フッ素置換オレフィンを含有する組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4699758B2 JP4699758B2 JP2004547148A JP2004547148A JP4699758B2 JP 4699758 B2 JP4699758 B2 JP 4699758B2 JP 2004547148 A JP2004547148 A JP 2004547148A JP 2004547148 A JP2004547148 A JP 2004547148A JP 4699758 B2 JP4699758 B2 JP 4699758B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
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- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 82
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- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Br MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 2
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC=CC(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical class CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJGCZWVJDRIHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=CF VJGCZWVJDRIHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010006326 Breath odour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical class FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
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- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical class O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005828 hydrofluoroalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWHLPLXXIDYSNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketorolac tromethamine Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO.OC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHLPLXXIDYSNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical class [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(Cl)COP(=O)(OCC(C)Cl)OCC(C)Cl GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- A01N29/02—Acyclic compounds or compounds containing halogen attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a cycloaliphatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
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Description
Tung )他による代理人整理番号H0003789(26267)の出願の各々に関連する出願であり、その各々を引用によって援用する。
一定のフルオロカーボンは、長年の間、多くの用途において、冷媒など多くの熱交換流体に好適な成分であった。例えば、クロロフルオロメタン誘導体およびクロロフルオロエタン誘導体などのフルオロアルカンは、その化学的および物理的特性の特有の組合せによって、空調およびヒートポンプ用途を含む用途における冷媒として、広範に用いられている。蒸気圧縮システムにて一般的に利用されている冷媒の多くは、単一成分の流体、または共沸混合物である。
こともあり得る。また、そのような化合物は、高すぎる沸点を有するために一定用途の冷媒としては有用でない場合がある。
本発明は、3〜4個の炭素原子および少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有する少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンを含有する組成物に関する。本明細書では簡便のため、本発明のフルオロアルケン化合物が少なくとも1個の水素を含む場合には、それらの化合物をハイドロフルオロオレフィン、すなわち「HFO」と称する時がある。ここで言及されているHFOは2つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有し得ることが想定されるが、現在のところ、そのような化合物は好適であると思われない。
よって本明細書に援用する。さらに、本発明に関する化合物を製造する方法は、同時に出願されている米国特許出願である、「フルオロプロペンの製造工程」と題された、代理人整理番号(H0003789(26267))を有する出願に関連して記載されており、この出願を引用によって本明細書に援用する。
本発明の組成物は広い範囲に渡る量で本発明の化合物を含有し得ることが想定されるが、一般には、本発明の冷媒組成物は、化学式(I)およびさらに好適には化学式(II)に従う化合物を組成物に対して重量で少なくとも約50%、さらに好適には少なくとも約70%、含有することが好適である。
発泡剤も1つ以上のこの組成物を構成し得る。上述のように、本発明の組成物は広い範囲に渡る量で本発明の化合物を含有し得る。しかしながら一般には、本発明による発泡剤
として用いるために好適な組成物においては、化学式(I)およびさらに好適には化学式(II)に従う化合物が、組成物に対して重量で少なくとも約5%、さらに好適には重量で少なくとも約15%、存在することが好適である。
別の態様では、本発明によって、好適には噴霧可能な組成物である噴射剤組成物など、本発明の組成物を含むまたは本発明の組成物から本質的になる噴射剤組成物が与えられる。本発明の噴射剤組成物は、好適には、噴霧される材料と、本発明による組成物を含む噴射剤、本発明による組成物から本質的になる噴射剤、または本発明による組成物からなる噴射剤とを含む。不活性原料、溶剤、および他の材料も、噴霧可能な混合物に存在し得る。好適には、噴霧可能な組成物はエアゾールである。適切な噴霧される材料には、以下に限定されないが、脱臭剤、香料、ヘアスプレー、清浄剤、および研磨剤などの化粧品材料や、抗喘息薬剤および抗口臭薬剤などの医薬材料も含まれる。
本発明の組成物は、冷却、空調、およびヒートポンプシステムにおいて用いられる冷媒など、熱を移動させるための方法およびシステムにおける熱移動流体を含む、多数の方法およびシステムに関して有用である。またこの組成物は、エアゾールを生成するシステムおよび方法における使用にも有利であり、好適にはそのようなシステムおよび方法におけるエアゾール噴射剤を含むか、またはエアゾール噴射剤からなる。フォームを形成する方法と消火および鎮火する方法ともまた、本発明の一定の態様に含まれる。また本発明では、そのような方法およびシステムにおいてこの組成物が溶剤組成物として用いられる一定の態様にて、物品から残留物を除去する方法も提供される。
好適な熱移動方法は、一般に、本発明の組成物を与えるステップと、組成物へまたは組成物から熱を移動させて組成物の相を変化させるステップとから成る。例えば、この方法
では、流体または物品から熱を吸収することによって、好適には、冷却される物体または流体の付近で本発明の冷媒組成物を蒸発させてこの組成物を含有する蒸気を生成することによって、冷却するステップが与えられる。好適にはこの方法には、通常は圧縮機または同様の装置を用いて、比較的高圧で本発明の組成物の蒸気を生成する、冷媒蒸気を圧縮するステップがさらに含まれる。一般に、蒸気を圧縮するステップによって蒸気に熱が加えられ、それによって比較的高圧の蒸気の温度は上昇する。好適には、この方法には、この比較的高温高圧の蒸気から蒸発および圧縮ステップによって加えられた熱の少なくとも一部分を除去するステップが含まれる。除熱ステップには、好適には、蒸気が比較的高圧の状態にあり本発明の組成物を含有する比較的高圧の液体を生成する間に、高温高圧の蒸気を凝縮するステップが含まれる。この比較的高圧の液体は、好適には続いて公称では(nominally )等エンタルピー的に減圧されて、比較的低温低圧な液体が生成する。そのような実施態様では、冷却される物体または流体から移動される熱によって続いて気化されるのは、この温度が低下した冷媒の液体である。
本発明の一実施態様は、フォーム、好適にはポリウレタンおよびポリイソシアヌレートのフォームを形成する方法に関する。この方法は一般に、当業者には公知であるように、本発明の発泡剤組成物を与えるステップと、発泡剤組成物を発泡組成物に(直接的または間接的に)添加するステップと、フォームすなわちセル状の構造を形成するのに有効な条件の下で発泡組成物を反応させるステップとを含む。「ポリウレタンの化学および技術(Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology)」(ソーンダーズ(Saunders)およびフリッシュ(Frisch)著、ニューヨーク州ニューヨーク、ジョン・ワイリー・アンド・サンズ(John Wiley and Sons )、1962年、第1巻および第2巻)に記載されている方法など、当業者に公知である方法はいずれも本発明のフォームの実施態様での使用に用いられまたは適合され得る。一般に、そのような好適な方法は、イソシアネートと、ポリオールまたはポリオール混合物と、本発明の組成物のうち1つ以上を含有する発泡剤または発泡剤混合物と、触媒、界面活性剤、および随意で、燃焼遅延剤、着色料、または他の添加剤などの他の材料とを組合わせることによって、ポリウレタンまたはポリイソシアヌレートのフォームを調製するステップを含む。
フォームを製造する従来技術の手法において、従来技術のポリスチレンおよびポリエチレン配合がこの組成物と組合せられ得る。
また本発明では、本発明の組成物を物品に適用することによって、製品、部品、構成要素、基板、または任意の他の物品、またはそれらの部分から汚染物質を除去する方法が提供される。簡便のため本明細書では、「物品」の語は、そのような製品、部品、構成要素、基板などの全てを指して用いられ、さらに、それらの任意の表面または部分を指すことが意図されている。さらに「汚染物質」の語は、物品の上に存在する任意の所望されていない材料または物質を、たとえそうした物質が物品上に意図的に配置された場合であっても、指すことが意図されている。例えば半導体デバイスの製造においては、基板上にフォトレジスト材料を堆積してエッチング作業用のマスクを形成し、続いてその基板からそのフォトレジスト材料を除去することが一般的である。本明細書で用いられる「汚染物質」の語は、そうしたフォトレジスト材料を含みかつ包含することが意図されている。
一定の他の好適な実施態様において、本発明では流体の可燃性を低減する方法が提供され、この方法には、そのような流体に対して本発明の化合物または組成物を添加するステップが含まれる。可燃性である任意の広い範囲の流体の可燃性が、本発明によって低減され得る。例えば、エチレンオキサイド並びに、HFC−152a、1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(HFC−143a)、ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)、プロパン、ヘキサン、オクタンなどを含む可燃性ハイドロフルオロカーボンおよびハイドロカーボンなどの流体の可燃性は、本発明によって低減可能である。本発明の目的において、可燃性流体は、ASTM E−681など任意の標準的な従来の試験方法により評価される空気中で燃焼範囲を示す、任意の流体であり得る。
さらに本発明では鎮火する方法が提供され、この方法には、本発明の化合物または組成物を含有する流体と炎を接触させるステップが含まれる。この組成物と炎を接触させるために、任意の適切な方法が用いられ得る。例えば本発明の組成物は、炎に噴霧、注入などされてよく、または炎の少なくとも一部分が組成物中に浸漬されてもよい。本明細書の教示に照らして、当業者は、種々の従来技術の鎮火装置および方法を本発明における使用に容易に適合させることが可能であろう。
特に医療分野で用いられる、多くの物品、装置、および材料は、患者および病院職員の健康および安全など、健康および安全の理由から使用に先立ち滅菌される必要がある。本発明では、滅菌される物品、装置、または材料を本発明の化合物または組成物と接触させるステップを含む、滅菌方法が提供される。そのような方法は、高温または低温の滅菌方法のいずれでもあり得る。一定の実施態様では、高温滅菌には、滅菌される物品、装置、または材料を、好適には実質的に密封されたチャンバ内で、約121.1℃〜132.2℃(約250°F〜約270°F)の温度で本発明の化合物または組成物を含有する高温の流体に曝露するステップが含まれる。通常は、このプロセスを約2時間未満で完了することが可能である。しかしながら、プラスチック材料および電気部品など幾つかの物品では、このような高温に耐えることが可能でなく、低温滅菌が必要とされる。
気が排出される。一定の実施態様では、水蒸気をチャンバ内に注入して、好適には約30%〜約70%の範囲に相対湿度を到達させることが好適である。このような湿度によって、所望の相対湿度が到達された後にチャンバ内に導入される滅菌剤の滅菌有効性が最大化され得る。滅菌剤が包装を透過して物品の間隙に届くのに充分な時間の後、滅菌剤および水蒸気がチャンバから排出される。
実施例1:
動作係数(COP)は、一般に認められている冷媒性能の尺度であり、特に、冷媒の蒸発または凝縮を含む特定の加熱または冷却サイクルにおける冷媒の相対的な熱力学的効率を表すのに有用である。冷却工学では、この用語は、蒸気を圧縮する際に圧縮機によって加えられるエネルギーに対する実効の冷却の比を示す。冷媒の能力(capacity)は、冷媒が与える冷却または加熱の量を表し、与えられた体積流速の冷媒に対して圧縮機が熱量を供給する性能の尺度を与える。換言すれば、特定の圧縮機が与えられた場合、より能力の高い冷媒がより多くの冷却または加熱出力を伝える。特定の作業条件での冷媒のCOPを推定する一手段は、標準的な冷却サイクル分析手法を用いる冷媒の熱力学的特性に基づく(例えば、アール.シー.ダウニング(R.C.Downing)著、「フルオロカーボン冷却剤ハンドブック(FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK)」、プレンティス−ホール(Prentice-Hall)、1988年、第3章を参照)。
種々の冷却潤滑剤とHFO−1225yeおよびHFO−1234zeとの混和性が試験されている。試験された潤滑剤は、鉱物油(炭素数3)、アルキルベンゼン(ゼロール(Zerol)150)、エステル油(モービル(Mobil)EAL22ccおよびソレスト(Solest)120)、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)油(グッドレンチ(Goodwrench)冷却油、134aシステム用)、およびポリ(アルファ−オレフィン)油(CP−6005−100)である。各々の冷媒/油の組合せにおいて、3つの組成物、すなわち、潤滑剤が5,20,および50重量パーセントであり、各々の残りが試験される本発明の化合物である組成物が試験されている。
冷却および空調システムに用いられる金属との接触時の、本発明の冷媒化合物および組成物とPAG潤滑油との相溶性が、多くの冷却および空調用途で見出されるより充分に過酷な条件である350°Fで試験されている。
a)HFC−1234zeおよびGMグッドレンチPAG油
b)HFC−1234zfおよびGMグッドレンチ油PAG油
c)HFC−1234zeおよびMOPAR−56PAG油
d)HFC−1234zfおよびMOPAR−56PAG油
e)HFC−1225yeおよびMOPAR−56PAG油
全ての場合で、ガラスチューブの内容物の外観の変化は最小である。このことは、本発明の冷媒化合物および組成物が、冷却および空調システムに見出されるアルミニウム、鋼、および銅との接触時、および、それらの種類のシステムにてそのような組成物に含まれるまたはそのような組成物と共に用いられる可能性のある種類の潤滑油との接触時に、安定であることを示している。
アルミニウム片、銅片、および鋼片が、鉱物油およびCFC−12と共に肉厚のガラスチューブに加えられ、実施例3でのように、350°Fで1週間加熱される。曝露期間が終わるとガラスチューブが取り出され、目視で観察される。液体の内容物が黒く変色しているのが観察され、このことはガラスチューブの内容物が激しく分解している事を示している。
本発明は以下の態様を含む。
[1] (a)Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
約150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、熱移動組成物。
[2] 前記少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンは、
各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、
R’は(CR 2 ) n Yであり、
YはCRF 2 であり、かつ、
nは0または1である、化学式(II)
[3] YはCF 3 である2に記載の熱移動組成物。
[4] 前記不飽和な末端炭素上のRの少なくとも1つはFでない3に記載の熱移動組成物。
[5] 前記不飽和な末端炭素上のRの少なくとも1つはHである4に記載の熱移動組成物。
[6] nは0である2に記載の熱移動組成物。
[7] YはCF 3 でありかつnは0である2に記載の熱移動組成物。
[8] 前記少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンは少なくとも1つのテトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234)を含む1に記載の熱移動組成物。
[9] 前記少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンは少なくとも1つのペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225)をさらに含む8に記載の熱移動組成物。
[10] 前記少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンは少なくとも1つのペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225)をさらに含む1に記載の熱移動組成物。
[11] 前記少なくとも1つのテトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234)は、前記不飽和な末端炭素が1つ以下のF置換基を有する少なくとも1つの化合物を含む、8に記載の熱移動組成物。
[12] 前記少なくとも1つのテトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234)は、前記不飽和な末端炭素が1つ以下のF置換基を有する化合物から本質的になる、11に記載の熱移動組成物。
[13] 前記少なくとも1つのペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225)は、前記不飽和な末端炭素が1つ以下のF置換基を有する少なくとも1つの化合物を含む、10に記載の熱移動組成物。
[14] 前記少なくとも1つのペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225)は、前記不飽和な末端炭素が1つ以下のF置換基を有する化合物から本質的になる、13に記載の熱移動組成物。
[15] Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[16] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む15に記載の方法。
[17] zは3である16に記載の方法。
[18] 前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはFでない17に記載の方法。
[19] 前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはHである18に記載の方法。
[20] Xは炭素数2のアルキル基である16に記載の方法。
[21] YはCF 3 でありかつXは炭素数2のアルキル基である16に記載の方法。
[22] ポリオールと、
発泡剤であって、Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[23] 前記発泡剤は約150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する22に記載の発泡組成物。
[24] 前記発泡剤は約0.05以下のオゾン破壊係数(ODP)を有する22に記載の発泡組成物。
[25] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む22に記載の発泡組成物。
[26] 前記フルオロアルケンは不飽和な末端炭素を含み、前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはHである、22に記載の発泡組成物。
[27] Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[28] ポリオールと、
発泡剤であって、Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[29] Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[30] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む29に記載の方法。
[31] Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
前記熱移動組成物は約150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、洗浄組成物。
[32] 前記GWPは約100以下である31に記載の洗浄組成物。
[33] 約0.05以下のオゾン破壊係数(ODP)を有する31に記載の洗浄組成物。
[34] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む31に記載の洗浄組成物。
[35] 前記フルオロアルケンは不飽和な末端炭素を含み、前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはHである31に記載の洗浄組成物。
[36] 物品から汚染物質を洗浄する方法であって、
Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[37] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む36に記載の方法。
[38] Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
約150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、鎮火組成物。
[39] 前記GWPは約100以下である38に記載の鎮火組成物。
[40] 約0.05以下のオゾン破壊係数(ODP)を有する38に記載の鎮火組成物。
[41] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む38に記載の鎮火組成物。
[42] 前記フルオロアルケンは不飽和な末端炭素を含み、前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはHである38に記載の鎮火組成物。
[43] Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[44] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む43に記載の方法。
[45] 熱移動流体および潤滑剤の相溶性を改良する相溶化(compatibalizing )組成物であって、
Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
約150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、相溶化組成物。
[46] 前記GWPは約100以下である45に記載の相溶化組成物。
[47] 約0.05以下のオゾン破壊係数(ODP)を有する45に記載の相溶化組成物。
[48] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む45に記載の相溶化組成物。
[49] 前記フルオロアルケンは不飽和な末端炭素を含み、前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはHである45に記載の相溶化組成物。
[50] 物品を滅菌する方法であって、
Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[51] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む50に記載の方法。
[52] 可燃性組成物の可燃性を低減する方法であって、
Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、Rは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
[53] 前記フルオロアルケンは1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む52に記載の方法。
[54] (a) Xは炭素数2または炭素数3の不飽和な置換または非置換のアルキル基であり、各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、かつzは1〜3である、化学式(I)
(b) 潤滑剤、相溶化剤、界面活性剤、可溶化剤、分散剤、セル安定化剤、化粧品、研磨剤、薬剤、洗浄剤、燃焼遅延剤、着色料、化学滅菌剤、安定剤、ポリオール、ポリオール予備混合成分、およびそれらの2つ以上の組合せからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの補助剤、とを含有する、組成物。
[55] 約150以下の地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する54に記載の組成物。
[56] 前記少なくとも1つのフルオロアルケンは、
各々のRは独立にCl,F,Br,I,またはHであり、
R’は(CR 2 ) n Yであり、
YはCRF 2 であり、かつ、
nは0または1である、化学式(II)
[57] YはCF 3 である56に記載の組成物。
[58] 不飽和な末端炭素上のRの少なくとも1つはFでない56に記載の組成物。
[59] 不飽和な末端炭素上のRの少なくとも1つはHである56に記載の組成物。
[60] 前記補助剤は少なくとも1つの潤滑剤を含有する54に記載の組成物を含む熱移動組成物。
[61] 前記補助剤は少なくとも1つの相溶化剤を含有する54に記載の組成物を含む熱移動組成物。
[62] 化学式(I)の前記化合物は重量で少なくとも約50%の量で存在し、前記潤滑剤は重量で少なくとも約30%の量で存在する、61に記載の熱移動組成物。
[63] 前記補助剤は少なくとも1つのセル安定化剤を含有する54に記載の組成物を含む発泡剤。
[64] 化学式(I)の前記化合物が重量で約30%〜約50%の量で存在する54に記載の組成物を含む発泡剤。
[65] 前記補助剤は少なくとも1つの化学滅菌剤を含有する54に記載の組成物を含む滅菌組成物。
[66] 実質的に急性毒性を有さない54に記載の組成物。
[67] 化学式(I)の前記化合物は、前記フルオロアルケンが1つ以下のF置換基を有する不飽和な末端炭素を含む1つ以上の化合物から本質的になる、低い急性毒性を有する54に記載の組成物。
[68] 化学式(I)の前記化合物は、前記フルオロアルケンが不飽和な末端炭素を含み前記不飽和な末端炭素上の置換基の少なくとも1つはHである1つ以上の化合物から本質的になる、低い急性毒性を有する54に記載の組成物。
Claims (9)
- 前記化学式(II)の少なくとも1つの化合物が、前記熱移動組成物に対して重量で少なくとも50%の量で存在する、請求項1記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記化学式(II)の少なくとも1つの化合物が、前記熱移動組成物に対して重量で少なくとも70%の量で存在する、請求項2記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、前記熱移動組成物に対して重量で30%〜50%の量で存在する、請求項1記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、ポリアルキレングリコールを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、ポリオールエステルを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記化学式(II)の少なくとも1つの化合物が、1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234ze)を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記化学式(II)の少なくとも1つの化合物が、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234yf)を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の熱移動組成物。
- 前記化学式(II)の少なくとも1つの化合物が、1,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO−1225ye)を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の熱移動組成物。
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