HRP20201247T1 - Postupci za proizvodnju biogenih reagensa bogatih ugljikom - Google Patents
Postupci za proizvodnju biogenih reagensa bogatih ugljikom Download PDFInfo
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- HRP20201247T1 HRP20201247T1 HRP20201247TT HRP20201247T HRP20201247T1 HR P20201247 T1 HRP20201247 T1 HR P20201247T1 HR P20201247T T HRP20201247T T HR P20201247TT HR P20201247 T HRP20201247 T HR P20201247T HR P20201247 T1 HRP20201247 T1 HR P20201247T1
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- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- pyrolyzed solids
- minutes
- raw material
- biogenic reagent
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 15
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 fluorospar Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
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- C10B39/00—Cooling or quenching coke
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- C10B39/00—Cooling or quenching coke
- C10B39/02—Dry cooling outside the oven
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- C10B41/00—Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke
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- C10B43/00—Preventing or removing incrustations
- C10B43/02—Removing incrustations
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- C10B45/00—Other details
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- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
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- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/02—Light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
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- C10L2290/145—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of air
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L2290/60—Measuring or analysing fractions, components or impurities or process conditions during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
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Claims (17)
1. Postupak za proizvodnju biogenog reagensa bogatog ugljikom, te navedeni postupak sadrži:
(a) osiguravanje sirovine koja sadrži ugljik koja sadrži biljke ili biljnu biomasu;
(b) sušenje navedene sirovine radi uklanjanja barem dijela vlage koja se nalazi unutar navedene sirovine;
(c) otplinjavanje navedene sirovine radi uklanjanja barem dijela intersticijskog kisika, ako ga ima, koji se nalazi unutar navedene sirovine ili navedene suhe sirovine;
(d) predgrijavanje navedene suhe sirovine u zoni predgrijavanja u prisutnosti uglavnom inertnog plina tijekom najmanje 5 minuta do najviše 60 minuta i s temperaturom predgrijavanja odabranom od najmanje 80°C do najviše 500°C;
(e) u zoni pirolize, piroliziranje navedene sirovine u prisutnosti uglavnom inertnog plina tijekom od najmanje 10 minuta do najviše 120 minuta i uz temperaturu pirolize odabranu od najmanje 250°C do najviše 700°C, da nastanu vruće pirolizirane krute tvari, kondenzirane pare, i ne-kondenzirajući plinovi, pri čemu su uvjeti za korak pirolize odabrani radi održavanja strukturne cjelovitosti ili mehaničke čvrstoće navedenog biogenog reagensa bogatog ugljikom u odnosu na navedenu sirovinu;
(f) odvajanje najmanje dijela navedenih kondenziranih para i najmanje dijela navedenih ne-kondenzirajućih plinova iz navedenih vrućih piroliziranih krutih tvari;
(g) u zoni hlađenja, hlađenje navedenih vrućih piroliziranih krutih tvari, u prisutnosti navedenog uglavnom inertnog plina, tijekom najmanje 5 minuta i s temperaturom u zoni hlađenja manjom od navedene temperature pirolize, da se dobiju tople pirolizirane krute tvari;
(h) u hladnjaku koji je odvojen od navedene zone hlađenja, hlađenje navedenih toplih piroliziranih krutih tvari da se dobiju hladne pirolizirane krute tvari; i
(i) prikupljanje biogenog reagensa bogatog ugljikom koji sadrži najmanje dio navedenih hladno piroliziranih krutih tvari, pri čemu navedeni biogeni reagens bogat ugljikom ima energetski sadržaj od najmanje 25,586 kJ/kg [11,000 Btu/lb], najmanje 27,912 kJ/kg [12,000 Btu/lb], najmanje 30,238 kJ/kg [13,000 Btu/lb], najmanje 32,564 kJ/kg [14,000 Btu/lb], najmanje 33,727 kJ/kg [14,500 Btu/lb], ili najmanje 34,192 kJ/kg [14,700 Btu/lb] na osnovi suhe tvari.
2. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time što se svaka od navedenih zona nalazi unutar jednog reaktora.
3. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time što barem nešto od navedenog uglavnom inertnog plina uključuje jednu ili više odvojenih vrsta ne-kondenzirajućeg plina.
4. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time što navedena zona pirolize i navedena zona hlađenja svaka sadrže plinsku fazu koja sadrži manje od 5 mas.% kisika.
5. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 4, naznačen time što je navedeni postupak kontinuiran.
6. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 5, naznačen time što navedeni inertni plin struji uglavnom suprotno od smjera strujanja krutih tvari.
7. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 6, naznačen time što navedeni postupak nadalje uključuje praćenje i kontrolu navedenog postupka s najmanje jednom sondom reakcijskog plina.
8. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 7, naznačen time što navedeni postupak nadalje uključuje jedno ili više od:
zagrijavanje procesnim plinom barem dijela navedenih kondenziranih para s plinom koji sadrži kisik,
korištenje zagrijavanja procesnim plinom, barem djelomično, za sušenje navedene sirovine radi uklanjanja barem dijela vlage sadržane unutar navedene sirovine, i
korištenje zagrijavanja procesnim plinom, barem djelomično, za zagrijavanje navedenog uglavnom inertnog plina.
9. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 8, naznačen time što navedeni postupak nadalje uključuje kombiniranje najmanje dijela navedenih kondenziranih para, u najmanje djelomično kondenziranom obliku, s navedenim ohlađenim piroliziranim krutim tvarima i/ili s navedenim toplim piroliziranim krutim tvarima, kako bi se povećao sadržaj ugljika u navedenom biogenom reagensu bogatom ugljikom.
10. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 9, naznačen time što navedeni postupak nadalje uključuje:
uvođenje najmanje jednog aditiva koji se bira od natrijevog hidroksida, kalijevog hidroksida, magnezijevog oksida, bromovodika, klorovodika, natrijevog silikata, kalijevog permanganata, i njihovih kombinacija, i/ili
uvođenje najmanje jednog aditiva odabranog od magnezija, mangana, aluminija, nikla, kroma, silicija, bora, cerija, molibdena, fosfora, volframa, vanadija, željezovog klorida, željezovog bromida, magnezijevog oksida, dolomita, dolomitskog vapnenca, fluorita, fluorospara, bentonita, kalcijevog oksida, vapna, te njihovih kombinacija.
11. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 10, naznačen time što se navedeni aditiv uvodi:
prije ili tijekom koraka (b),
prije ili tijekom koraka (e),
tijekom koraka (g),
tijekom koraka (h),
između koraka (g) i (h),
poslije koraka (h),
poslije koraka (i)
u navedene tople pirolizirane krute tvari u vodenoj otopini, pari ili aerosolu kako bi se pomoglo hlađenju navedenih toplih piroliziranih krutih tvari u koraku (h), ili
u navedene hladne pirolizirane krute tvari da se dobije navedeni biogeni reagens bogat ugljikom koji sadrži navedeni aditiv.
12. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 11, naznačen time što navedeni postupak nadalje uključuje:
uvođenje barem dijela navedenih hladnih piroliziranih krutih tvari u zasebnu jedinicu za dodatnu pirolizu, u prisutnosti drugog uglavnom inertnog plina, te po izboru uključivanje jedne ili više vrsta ne-kondenzirajućeg plina prikupljenih iz koraka (f), tijekom najmanje 30 minuta i s temperaturom pirolize odabranom od 200°C do 600°C, da se dobije kruti proizvod s većim udjelom ugljika od navedenih hladno piroliziranih krutih tvari.
13. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1 ili zahtjevu 8, naznačen time što hladnjak radi tako da:
hladi navedene tople pirolizirane krute tvari s parom kako bi se stvorile hladne pirolizirane krute tvari i pregrijana para i pri čemu se korak sušenja provodi, barem dijelom, s navedenom pregrijanom parom; i/ili
prvo hladi navedene tople pirolizirane krute tvari s parom do postizanja prve temperature hladnjaka, i zatim sa zrakom do postizanja druge temperature hladnjaka, pri čemu je navedena druga temperatura hladnjaka niža od navedene prve temperature hladnjaka i povezana je sa smanjenim rizikom izgaranja za navedene tople pirolizirane krute tvari u prisutnosti navedenog zraka.
14. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 13, naznačen time što navedeni biogeni reagens bogat ugljikom sadrži najmanje 35%, najmanje 50%, ili najmanje 70% ugljika sadržanog u navedenoj sirovini.
15. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 14, naznačen time što navedeni biogeni reagens bogat ugljikom sadrži najmanje 70 mas.%, najmanje 80 mas.%, najmanje 90 mas.%, ili najmanje 95 mas.% ugljika na bazi suhe tvari.
16. Postupak prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 15, naznačen time što se navedeni biogeni reagens bogat ugljikom oblikuje u fini prah smanjenjem veličine čestica, ili se oblikuje u strukturni objekt prešanjem, vezivanjem, peletiranjem, ili aglomeracijom.
17. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time što se navedena sirovina pirolizira u koraku (e) u prisutnosti uglavnom inertnog plina tijekom 20 minuta, 30 minuta, 45 minuta, ili 60 minuta.
Applications Claiming Priority (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161475977P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475949P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475981P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475991P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475956P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475973P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161476049P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475971P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475946P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475930P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161476043P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475968P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475937P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475943P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475996P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161475959P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
US201161476025P | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | |
PCT/US2012/033630 WO2012142491A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-04-13 | Processes for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents |
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