JP4912587B2 - 複合炭化材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合炭化材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4912587B2 JP4912587B2 JP2004357299A JP2004357299A JP4912587B2 JP 4912587 B2 JP4912587 B2 JP 4912587B2 JP 2004357299 A JP2004357299 A JP 2004357299A JP 2004357299 A JP2004357299 A JP 2004357299A JP 4912587 B2 JP4912587 B2 JP 4912587B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
攪拌装置を備えた反応容器にフェノールを123質量部、37質量%のホルマリンを126質量部、ヘキサメチレンテトラミンを14質量部、水を3000質量部仕込み、さらに350μmの篩いを通過するように粉砕し、105℃で3時間乾燥した炭化収量25質量%のヤシ殻粉末を40質量部仕込んだ。そしてこれを攪拌しながら60分を要して沸騰還流させ、このまま2時間、付加縮合反応を行なった。次に、内温が50℃になるまで冷却した後、反応容器の内容物をヌッチェで濾別した。
ヤシ殻粉末の仕込み量を360質量部に変更するようにした他は、実施例1と同様にしてヤシ殻・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料の粒子を得た。このようにして得たヤシ殻・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料の収率は34.4質量%であり、ヤシ殻・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料中に占めるヤシ殻炭化物の含有率は50.0質量%であった。
ヤシ殻粉末の仕込み量を1440質量部に変更するようにした他は、実施例1と同様にしてヤシ殻・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料の粒子を得た。このようにして得たヤシ殻・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料の収率は28.1質量%であり、ヤシ殻・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料中に占めるヤシ殻炭化物の含有率は79.9質量%であった。
攪拌装置を備えた反応容器にフルフリルアルコールを137質量部、37質量%のホルマリンを100質量部、85質量%のリン酸水溶液を3.2質量部、水を3000質量部仕込み、さらに実施例1と同じヤシ殻粉末を360質量部仕込んだ。後は、製造例1と同様に反応させてヤシ殻・フラン樹脂複合材料を調製し、さらにこのヤシ殻・フラン樹脂複合材料を実施例1と同様に加熱処理してヤシ殻・フラン樹脂複合炭化材料の粒子を得た。このようにして得たヤシ殻・フラン樹脂複合炭化材料の収率は28.5質量%であり、ヤシ殻・フラン樹脂複合炭化材料中に占めるヤシ殻炭化物の含有率は49.8質量%であった。
攪拌装置を備えた反応容器にフェノールを123質量部、37質量%のホルマリンを126質量部、ヘキサメチレンテトラミンを14質量部仕込み、これを攪拌しながら60分を要して65℃まで昇温させ、このまま3時間、付加縮合反応を行なった。次に、133hPa(100トール)の減圧下で70℃まで脱水を行なった後、メタノール612質量部を加えて溶解させることによって、フェノール樹脂のメタノールワニスを得た。このワニスのフェノール樹脂濃度は20質量%であった。
比較例1で得たフェノール樹脂のメタノールワニスを、ヤシ殻粉末を混合しないで硬化させ、後はこのフェノール樹脂硬化物を実施例1と同様に加熱処理してフェノール樹脂炭化材料を得た。このようにして得たフェノール樹脂炭化材料の収率は54.9質量%であった。
実施例1と同じヤシ殻粉末を、実施例1と同様に加熱処理してヤシ殻炭化材料を得た。このようにして得たヤシ殻炭化材料の収率は24.9質量%であった。
疎充填かさ密度(g/cm3)
=(試料の重量:g)/(試料容器の容量:100cm3)
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜3で得た炭化材料40質量部と、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック株式会社製「ユピエースAH8」)60質量部をとり、これをドライブレンドした後、ラボテストミルを用いて320℃で均一に溶融混練した。そしてこれを冷却して固化させた後、粉砕し、導電性樹脂組成物を得た。
実施例1〜3、比較例1〜3で得た炭化材料3gに、ポリビニリデンフルオライドをN−メチルピロリドンに10質量%溶解させて調製したバインダー3gを加え、これを混合してスラリー状にした。そしてこのスラリーを厚さ20μm、直径12mmの円形の銅箔に塗布し、130℃で10時間真空乾燥した後、減圧下でプレス成形して電極を作製した。
サイクル特性(%)=
(第10サイクル充・放電容量/第1サイクル充・放電容量)×100
実施例1〜3、比較例1〜3で得た炭化材料を、水蒸気流量5ml/分、窒素流量2l/分の流速で流通されるロータリーキルン炉の混合ガス雰囲気下、850℃、2時間処理して賦活し、活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭のヨウ素吸着性能、充填密度をJIS K 1474に準拠して測定し、また比表面積、細孔容積を測定した。比表面積及び細孔容積の測定は、測定装置として(株)島津製作所製「島津マイクロメリテックス2200型」を用い、液体窒素温度下において窒素ガスを使用する低圧法で行なった。測定結果を表4に示す。
上記のようにして得た実施例12〜14、比較例10〜12の活性炭1質量部に対して、30質量%濃度の硫酸を1.5質量部含浸して混練し、ペースト状にした。このペースト0.9gを直径30mmの円形の二枚の白金電極にそれぞれ塗付し、ポリプロピレン製セパレータを介して両電極を圧密着することによって、電気二重層キャパシタを製造した。
Claims (7)
- 樹脂原料と多孔性の粉粒体と反応触媒を液中で撹拌しつつ、樹脂原料を反応触媒の存在下で重合反応させる工程を経て、硬化樹脂と多孔性粉粒体の複合材料を調製し、この複合材料を非酸化性雰囲気で熱処理して炭化させることを特徴とする複合炭化材料の製造方法。
- 樹脂原料がフェノール類とアルデヒド類であり、複合材料がフェノール樹脂と多孔性粉粒体との複合材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合炭化材料の製造方法。
- 樹脂原料がフラン類とアルデヒド類であり、複合材料がフラン樹脂と多孔性粉粒体との複合材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合炭化材料の製造方法。
- 多孔性粉粒体は、未炭化の有機物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の複合炭化材料の製造方法。
- 未炭化の有機物からなる多孔性粉粒体は、800℃の非酸化性雰囲気で加熱したときの炭化物収量が0.5質量%以上のものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の複合炭化材料の製造方法。
- 未炭化の有機物からなる多孔性粉粒体は、ヤシ殻、コーヒー豆、リグニン、木粉、セルロース、おが屑、籾殻、竹、プラスチック粉、ゴム粉から選ばれるものであることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の複合炭化材料の製造方法。
- 多孔性粉粒体は、炭化物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の複合炭化材料の製造方法。
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JP4963579B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-28 | 2012-06-27 | リグナイト株式会社 | 多糖類変性フェノール樹脂、多糖類変性フェノール樹脂の製造方法、レジンコーテッドサンド、多糖類変性フェノール樹脂炭化材料、導電性樹脂組成物、電極用炭素材料、二次電池用電極、電気二重層キャパシタ分極性電極 |
JP5246728B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-08 | 2013-07-24 | リグナイト株式会社 | フェノール樹脂の製造方法、フェノール樹脂、フェノール樹脂炭化材料、導電性樹脂組成物、二次電池用電極、電極用炭素材料、医薬用吸着剤、電気二重層キャパシタ分極性電極 |
JP5246729B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-21 | 2013-07-24 | リグナイト株式会社 | カーボン・フェノール樹脂複合材料の製造方法、カーボン・フェノール樹脂複合材料、カーボン・フェノール樹脂複合炭化材料、燃料電池用セパレータ、導電性樹脂組成物、二次電池用電極、電気二重層キャパシター |
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JP7336998B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-23 | 2023-09-01 | 株式会社クラレ | 窒素元素を含む炭素質材料、その製造方法、電極および電池 |
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