CN112438812A - 齿弓调整矫正器 - Google Patents

齿弓调整矫正器 Download PDF

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CN112438812A
CN112438812A CN202010997610.9A CN202010997610A CN112438812A CN 112438812 A CN112438812 A CN 112438812A CN 202010997610 A CN202010997610 A CN 202010997610A CN 112438812 A CN112438812 A CN 112438812A
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CN112438812B (zh
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赖安·基穆拉
约翰·莫顿
理查德·肖
李春华
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Align Technology Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/10Devices having means to apply outwardly directed force, e.g. expanders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002Orthodontic computer assisted systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch

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Abstract

本公开提供一种用于调整牙齿的齿弓的方法、系统和装置。矫正器包括由第一材料形成的可移除壳体,该第一材料中形成有多个腔体,其中,该多个腔体被成形为收纳患者的牙齿;以及齿弓元件,该齿弓元件在舌侧方向上并且跨越可移除壳体的齿弓宽度的至少一部分而从该可移除壳体延伸,其中,齿弓元件被设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,齿弓元件具有针对治疗计划的阶段的宽度。

Description

齿弓调整矫正器
本申请是基于2015年9月17日提交的专利申请号为201580050731.X(PCT/IB2015/001653)、名为“齿弓调整矫正器”的申请(进入中国国家阶段日期:2017年3月20日)的分案申请。
背景技术
本公开总体上涉及牙科治疗领域。更具体地,本公开涉及一种用于调整患者的齿弓的方法、系统以及装置。
牙齿治疗可以包括例如恢复和/或正畸程序。恢复程序可以设计为在患者口腔内植入牙修复体(例如,齿冠、齿桥嵌体、填补物、护面等)。正畸程序可以包括重定位不对齐的牙齿和/或改变咬合构造用以改善外貌和/或牙齿功能。例如能够通过在一段时间内向一个或多个牙齿施加受控制的力来实现正畸重定位。
作为实例,可以通过使用了用以重新对齐牙齿的定位矫正器的牙科处理来提供正畸重定位。被称为“校准器”这样的矫正器可以使用具有弹性性能的材料的薄壳体,通常符合患者的牙齿,但是与当前牙齿构造稍微不对齐。
这样的矫正器在牙齿上的放置可以提供在特定位置处受控制的力,以逐渐将牙齿移动到新的构造中。利用处于渐进的构造的相继的矫正器重复该处理就能够通过一系列的中间排列而将牙齿移动到最终期望排列。
这样的系统通常使用轻质的和/或透明的材料,以提供一组能够序列地使用的矫正器,使得随着牙齿移动,能够实施新的矫正器以将牙齿进一步朝着期望目标移动。
在一些实例中,患者的上齿列的齿弓宽度以及/或者患者的下齿列的齿弓宽度可能是不足的(例如,太窄),并且在个别情况下,宽度可能过大(例如,布罗迪牙合(Brodiebite))。不足的齿弓能够导致诸如反咬合、牙齿拥挤、阻生齿这样的咬合不正,并且/或者患者的笑容在外貌上可能不美观。例如,患者的笑容可能是“窄的”,由于从前视角不能看到后牙,导致颊侧走廊中的凹陷外观。
在某些类型的前后咬合矫正(例如,II类和III类矫正)中,存在对横向宽度矫正的需求,没有该矫正,上下齿弓将不会合适地协调。对于II类矫正,需要扩展上齿弓,使得当下齿弓抬升时,颊侧区域中的牙齿(通常为双尖牙和臼齿)在颊-舌维度中正确地配合在一起。对于III类矫正,需求相反,并且因为其通常是通过收缩来补偿III类咬合的矫正,所以需要扩展下齿弓。当II类和III类二者都被矫正为更理想的I类咬合,则需要撤销各自的补偿,并且除了前部至后部的移动之外,还须要横向宽度尺寸的移动。
存在几种能够扩展患者的齿弓的方法。例如,腭的扩展通过伸展上颌骨来扩展患者的上颌。在一些情况下,上颌和/或下颌的牙齿能够被向外移动或形成角度,从而扩展患者的齿弓的宽度。该技术可以被称为牙齿扩展。此外,以该方式进行的下齿弓的扩展通常被称为下颌骨的扩展。
在年轻的患者中,腭中缝(midpalatal suture)还未将左和右上颌骨腭融合在一起,并且因此,能够更容易地并且利用比年长的患者小的力来实现腭相对于彼此的移动。当骨缝的融合是新的时,仍然可能使骨缝分开。
例如,当前使用的正畸矫正器能够包括螺旋正牙器和/或其它机构,其用于向臼齿传递水平拉伸力以沿着腭中缝来分离患者的上颌。这样的机构通常伸展腭的左右上颌骨腭,并且然后新的骨材料在之间生长以填充间隙。如此,在很多情况下,在短期内施加了大的水平力(例如,10至50牛(N),跨越骨缝的累积载荷达到40至150N)。这种机构的插入通常由专业治疗人员完成,并且可能对患者造成不适和/或疼痛。
在一些情况下,螺钉和/或其他机构可以每天递增地使用一次或多次(例如,每天两次0.25mm的扩张——早上激活一次,并且晚上一次)。例如,正畸矫正器中可以存在针孔,并且患者可以将激活钥匙插入针孔中,以递增地增加正畸矫正器的部分之间的距离。
这种正畸矫正器对于患者可能难以使用,并且通常需要来自另一个人(例如,父母)的帮助来转动钥匙。不仅这种矫正器通常不美观,而且它们经常干扰患者的言语,暂时影响他们的咀嚼和/或吞咽能力,并且/或者当激活时可能是疼痛的。
除了这样的矫正器的挑战之外,需要在主动扩展发生后的很长时间内,在骨头填充到骨缝的同时保持扩展。主动扩展过程可以在2或3周的时间内完成,但是保持期可能持续约6个月,与此同时,等待上颌骨的两半部之间的间隙填充有新的骨组织。
附图说明
图1A示出根据本公开的多个实施例的其上设置有结构强化特征的矫正器的实例。
图1B示出根据本公开的多个实施例的其上设置有结构强化特征的矫正器的另一实例。
图2示出根据本公开的矫正器实施例的实例。
图3示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的虚拟模型。
图4示出具有可执行指令的示例计算设备可读介质,所述可执行指令由处理器执行以执行根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的方法。
图5示出根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的具有结构强化材料的矫正器的实例。
图6A示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有可移除齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。
图6B示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有可移除齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。
图7示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有前翼片齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。
图8示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有肋特征的矫正器的实例。
图9示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有连接齿弓的后侧的齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。
图10示出根据本公开的多个实施例的全腭齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。
图11示出根据本公开的多个实施例的其上设置有延伸的齿龈特征的矫正器的实例。
图12A示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的实例。
图12B示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的实例。
图12C示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的实例。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本公开提供用于扩展患者的齿弓的方法、系统以及装置。通常,牙和/或骨骼的扩展发生在正畸治疗期间,该正畸治疗是用于功能和/或美观的目的而使牙齿移动和重定向的处理,而重定位可以用于其它目的。
在一些情况下,患者的牙齿的齿弓可能是不足的(即,窄的),并且在个别情况中是太宽的。患者的牙齿的不足的齿弓能够引起患者牙齿的过度拥挤、阻生齿、言语困难、呼吸问题,并且/或者患者的笑容可能不美观。因此,正畸治疗计划能够包括齿弓扩展的组成部分,并且这样的处理通常在计划的早期进行,以为待排列的牙齿提供更多的空间。
窄的齿弓还阻碍了前-后咬合关系的适当矫正。本文使用的牙齿的齿弓能够包括患者的特定的颌上的弯曲的一排牙。不足的齿弓例如包括宽度太窄以致于不能在正确的对齐下支撑一排牙的齿弓。患者的牙齿的齿弓宽度例如能够使用正畸矫正器(例如,牙科矫正器)来扩展。
如上所述,作为孩童或青少年的患者可能具有腭中缝可能还未融合的上颌骨。通常在青少年的中后期,腭骨缝融合,并且上颌骨的两半结合在一起以变为单个的上颌骨。
上颌骨(例如,上颌)是固定至颅骨并且形成了患者的腭的骨。下颌骨(例如,下颌)是通过驱使其移动的多个肌肉而同样附接至颅骨的骨。下颌骨在其后上方骨端处与颞骨关节连接,以形成颌关节。颌关节是松散连接的关节,其适应咬合和咀嚼期间下颌骨相对于上颌骨的各种移动。
在正确地成型和定位的颌中,上齿所占据的齿弓比包含下齿的齿弓宽。换言之,上齿被设计为相对于下颌中的牙齿要向颊侧定位。当该标准排列反过来并且一个以上的上齿定位至下颌中的牙齿的舌侧时,发生诸如反咬合这样的咬合不正。
例如,具有未融合的上颌骨的患者使得他们的腭骨骼上可以扩展。这与牙科扩展形成对比,在牙科扩展中,牙齿在包含牙齿的颌的边界内被立起或移动。利用骨骼扩展,下层的骨被移动,并且牙齿随着骨的形状的改变一起移动。
例如,扩展腭可以包括分离上颌骨的左右两侧,使得左上侧的牙齿作为单个的单元相对于右侧的牙齿而移动。由于该现象,如果不抑制顶部两个前牙的分离,则能够在扩展处理期间在顶部两个前牙之间打开间隙。
如上所述,诸如在包含支具和金属丝的正畸治疗之前所进行的那些方法这样的腭扩展,如今包括使治疗专业人员放置正畸矫治器,该正畸矫正器可以包括锚定带、支撑杆、弹簧和/或螺旋正牙器。矫正器在锚定点处牢固地附着到牙齿,并且弹簧或者螺旋正牙器向牙齿施加力,以移动患者的腭的下层部位,从而使得患者的齿列的齿弓变宽。
为了调整矫正器并且增加扩展量,患者和/或另一人员必须将钥匙插入针孔中,并且转动钥匙,以增加正畸矫正器的宽度。在一些实例中,现有方法可以包括可移除矫正器,其包含利用针孔钥匙激活的螺旋正牙扩展器。
在将患者的齿弓扩展至期望的宽度(以及有时为了在向最初存在的狭窄潜在复发之前采取行动而进行的过矫正)之后,能够进行进一步的正畸治疗以移动和重定向患者的牙齿。这种类型附加的正畸治疗通常在扩展阶段和保持期之后进行,在保持期中,在肌肉组织和骨调整至新的姿态的同时将颌的位置稳定化一段时间。
此外,首先用于骨骼扩展的腭扩展装置通常在扩展期间临时地锚固至患者臼齿和/或前臼齿,并且因为它们被粘固就位,所以除了牙科医师之外不能将其移除。施加到臼齿和/或前臼齿的力相当高,以在短期内(例如,一天以上)分离骨缝,并且因此,由于激活期间产生的高的压力,治疗对于患者是不舒适的。一旦骨缝分离,则大部分压力解除,并且最接近初始激活的后续激活不像上述那样不舒服。
相比之下,根据本公开的实施例的患者的齿弓的扩展(或者利用固定矫正器骨骼地扩展或者利用可移除矫正器的牙齿扩展)能够包括使用一组一个以上的矫正器,诸如定位器、保持器和/或其它可移除矫正器(例如,透明的塑料聚合物壳体和/或校准器),它们具有要被佩戴在患者的牙齿上的壳体,并且在其上具有齿弓元件,所述齿弓元件被设计为通过如下扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓:在颌内将患者的牙齿移动到更宽的位置;扩展患者的腭;或者上述两种的组合。如所指出的,本文论述的一些实施例还可以将腭扩展至某一程度,但是牙齿扩展更为渐进(例如,大约0.5mm每月,而不是0.5mm每天)。
腭的扩展例如可以在腭中缝还未融合的患者中实现。另外,一些实施例可能能够在一些患者中解开骨缝。
一个以上的矫正器实施例能够包括其中具有多个腔体的由第一材料形成的可移除壳体,其中,腔体成型为收纳患者的牙齿。这些矫正器不固定至患者的牙齿,并且因此在治疗期间能够被患者移除一段时间,而不需要其他人员的帮助或者治疗医师的介入。
在本公开的各种实施例中,齿弓元件(例如,图9和10的实施例中示出的横穿腭的齿弓元件或者图7和11的实施例中示出的下颌骨齿弓元件)可以从可移除壳体延伸,并且跨越可移除壳体的齿弓宽度的至少一部分。齿弓宽度可以是从臼齿到臼齿,从前臼齿到前臼齿,从尖牙到尖牙,或者从左侧的任意牙齿到右侧的任意牙齿。
在下颌骨齿弓元件中,齿弓可以在患者的口腔的前部区域中沿着牙齿内侧延伸,如图7和11所示。在腭齿弓元件中,齿弓元件可以跨越腭延伸(横穿腭)并且可以在患者口腔的后部和前部中的一个或另一个的部分中,或者这两个部分中延伸。
在一些实施例中,齿弓元件可以由第一材料和至少一种物理性质与第一材料不同的第二材料形成。例如,第一材料可以是聚氨酯,并且第二材料也是具有相同的化学式的聚氨酯材料,但是硬度或刚度由于更大的交联而不同。或者,第一材料能够是一种化学成分(例如,聚氨酯),并且第二材料是完全不同的化学成分(例如,聚氯乙烯)。
在一些实施例中,第二材料比第一材料更有弹性。除了可以使用这样的实施例的其它情形之外,这在如下实施例中能够是有益的,例如:初始需要更刚性的齿弓元件,并且然后,在治疗后期需要更弹性的齿弓元件。
齿弓元件可以具有针对治疗计划的阶段的宽度,并且可以设计成将患者的牙齿的齿弓扩展至该特定宽度,该宽度可能小于齿弓待被扩展的整个宽度(即,能够通过在使用几个不同地设计的序列牙科矫正器时每次将齿弓扩展一点,来渐进地实现齿弓扩展)。或者,齿弓可以被过度扩展,以补偿对期望结果的不完全的生物反应,其中牙齿的实际宽度小于规划或建立于治疗计划的阶段中的宽度,该治疗计划可提供恒定的横向扩张力以实现缓慢的腭扩张。
例如,本公开的实施例能够提供诸如一个月至六个月这样的较长时间的较小的力,诸如3至9N,而不是在几天到几周这样的短时间中提供诸如10至50N这样的强的力。例如,该力能够用于移动腭板,向外移动牙齿,以及/或者在将肌肉组织和骨调整至特性朝向的同时将牙齿和/或颌维持在该朝向,并且防止牙齿或颌返回朝着它们的初始朝向移动。
在一些实施例中,第二材料可以包括例如比第一材料更刚性的材料,该材料被设计为针对患者的齿弓的后部牙齿(例如,臼齿和双尖牙)提供水平方向(即,横向)上更大的阻力和/或力。在各种实施例中,该第二材料可以设计为向患者的颌上的臼齿和/或其他牙齿施加力,以便帮助保持或者改变齿弓的横向尺寸。另外,在一些实施例中,由于在上颌和下颌上使用矫正器,所以力能够施加到对置的颌的部分(例如,牙齿、颌骨等)上。
在各种实施例中,能够使用患者牙齿的齿弓的扩展来治疗诸如反咬合、失状问题(sagittal problems)、牙齿拥挤这样的咬合不正,并且/或者帮助防止或解决阻生齿。横向支撑元件可以设计为不与牙科矫正器的壳体干涉。以该方式,根据本公开的实施例的牙科矫正器能够用于同时地扩张或收缩患者的齿弓,与此同时,重定位患者的多个牙齿。
例如,在实施例中,牙科矫正器的壳体能够用于向一个以上的牙齿提供力,以改变它们的位置或朝向。本公开的实施例能够用于治疗I类、II类和III类咬合不正。
例如,在I类咬合不正的情况下,患者的牙齿被插入壳体中的腔体内,并且壳体向一个以上的牙齿施加力,以改变它们的定位或朝向。在II类(覆咬合或覆盖(overjet))和III类(反颌)咬合不正的情况下,矫正器可以包括其它特征,例如,切除(切除矫正器壳体材料的区域)以允许通过矫正器而进入牙齿表面,或者形成例如钩,以在上颌与下颌之间附接弹性部件(例如,弹性带材料),以例如治疗覆咬合或覆盖。
如上所述,在一些实施例中,患者可以相继佩戴多个矫正器以实现患者牙齿的齿弓的逐渐扩展(收缩)。例如,多个牙科矫正器的每个牙科矫正器均可以包括渐进地变宽的宽度,从而以渐进的距离扩展患者的齿弓。在一些这样的实施例中,由于能够与其他正畸治疗同时实现该齿弓扩展技术,所以能够在利用使用的一系列矫正器实现该齿弓扩展,例如,在少于六个月的时间段中,从而使患者的任何疼痛和/或不适更一致且不那么随机,而不延长正畸治疗的总的时间。
在一些实施例中,可以使用热成型工艺形成矫正器。例如,可以由使用患者的腭的虚拟模型或者患者的多个牙齿的虚拟模型的材料形成齿弓元件的第一部分。
齿弓元件的第一部分可以比患者的第一颌的多个牙齿的齿弓宽度宽,并且可以成形为相继地遵循患者的腭的轮廓。为了扩展,该宽度的不同将有助于齿弓向外朝着产生横向扩展力的齿弓元件的更宽位置移动。
可移除壳体可以形成在一组模制齿上。可移除壳体可以包括其内形成的多个腔体,并且成型为收纳患者的多个牙齿以及齿弓元件的第二部分。齿弓元件的第二部分可以由与可移除壳体相同的材料形成,并且可以包括与齿弓元件的第一部分相同的宽度。
齿弓元件的第一部分和齿弓元件的第二部分例如可以相连接以形成牙科矫正器。根据本公开的各种实施例,第一部分与第二部分例如可以通过如下处理相连接:热成型在一组模制齿上的可移除壳体与置于一组模制齿内(例如被封装的)的齿弓元件的第一部分,或者从虚拟模型直接制造齿弓元件,然后将两个材料融合在一起(例如,超声焊接),在形成第一部分和可移除壳体之后使用试剂粘附第一部分和第二部分,并且/或者向齿弓元件的第一部分增加多个特征(例如,本文进一步讨论的)。
在该方法中,牙科矫正器可以形成为具有两个区别的材料性能,但是本质上是一体的(例如,即使它由两种材料形成,也形成可以由患者使用的单个本体)。关于附图中所示和下面讨论的实施例来讨论这样的实施例。
在本公开的具体描述中,参考形成其一部分的附图,并且其中通过图示的方式示出可以如何实施本公开的一个或多个实施例。足够详细地描述这些实施例以使得本领域普通技术人员能够实践本公开的实施例,并且应当理解,可以使用其他实施例,并且可以在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下进行过程、电和/或结构的改变。如本文所使用的,“多个特定的事物”可以指一个以上的这样的事物(例如,多个牙齿可以指一个以上的牙齿)。
这里的附图遵循编号惯例,其中第一个数字对应于附图编号,其余数字标识附图中的元件或部件。不同附图之间的相似元件或组件可以通过使用相似的数字来识别。例如,104在图1A中可以指元件“04”,并且在图3中类似的元件可以称为304。如将理解的,可以添加、交换和/或消除本文的各种实施例中所示的元件,以便提供本公开的多个附加实施例。另外,如将理解的,图中提供的元件的比例和相对比例旨在示出本发明的某些实施例,并且不应当理解为限制的意义。
图1A示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的实例。图1A的实施例中示出的矫正器100可以包括上齿列矫正器(例如,置于患者的上颌的矫正器)。上颌可以包括上颌骨,并且可以包括患者的上齿列的多个牙齿。下颌可以包括下颌骨,并且可以包括患者的下齿列的多个牙齿。
矫正器可以包括任意定位器、保持器和/或其它可移除牙科矫正器,用于与牙科治疗相联系地完成和维持牙齿定位。这些矫正器可以由治疗医师在执行治疗计划时使用。例如,治疗计划可以包括使用根据本文描述的模型创建的一组矫正器组。在一些实施例中,矫正器可以包括部分地充当用于美观和/或牙科功能的义齿的柔性牙科矫正器。
矫正器例如可以由聚合物壳体制造,并且/或者由其它具有腔体的材料形成,该腔体成形为收容一个以上的牙齿并且施加力以将一个以上的牙齿从一个牙齿排列重定位到相继的牙齿排列。壳可以设计为配合在上颌和/或下颌中存在的多个牙齿,或者在多个情况下,所有牙齿上。壳体可以包括内表面(例如,与其内放置的牙齿的表面相邻)和外表面。内表面例如配置为收纳牙齿,并且向其内的牙齿施加力,以重定位患者的多个牙齿。
根据本公开的一些实施例,矫正器100可以包括可移除壳体102,该壳体102由具有形成在其内的多个腔体的第一材料形成。如上所述,多个腔体可以成型为收纳患者的牙齿。
矫正器100可以包括在舌侧方向上从可移除壳体102并且跨越可移除壳体102的弓宽度延伸的齿弓元件104。此处使用的可移除壳体102的弓宽度是可移除壳体102的腔体之间的空间。例如,当将牙科矫正器100放置在患者的牙齿上时,齿弓元件104能够跨越患者的口腔表面地扩展。口腔的表面例如可以包括腭和/或口底。
如图1A所示,齿弓元件可以由第一材料和其上的结构强化特征形成。如本文定义的,结构强化特征可以是增大矫正器的一部分的刚度或者增加一个以上的力矢量(在X、Y和/或Z轴方向上提供的力)的任意结构。在一个实例中,关于图1A的实施例,齿弓元件104包括波纹状的区域106。
如上所述,齿弓元件可以设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓。例如,齿弓元件的宽度可以比患者的牙齿的实际齿弓宽度宽,从而为牙齿定义期望的齿弓宽度渐进目标。患者的牙齿的齿弓宽度可以包括患者的齿列的左后侧的牙齿与患者的齿列的右后侧的牙齿之间的距离。作为实例,齿弓元件可以比患者的牙齿的齿弓宽度宽0.25毫米。
所示的元件104被设计为向后部区域提供结构强化,而且如果不期望前部的横向力,则也使得前部区域中是柔性的。该柔性的优点是减轻插入力。
在一些实施例中,齿弓元件或者其一部分可以由第二材料制成,该第二材料可以在至少一个材料性质(例如,材料的化学性质、使用的材料的重量、使用的化学品的混合物等)方面与第一材料不同。例如,第二材料的刚性能够在横向(例如,水平方向)上向多个牙齿的至少一部分施加力,以扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓。
在一些实施例中,齿弓元件的第一材料可以形成第一层,并且齿弓元件的第二材料可以形成第二层(例如,如图5的实施例所示)。例如,第一材料的第一层可以与可移除壳体102一体形成并且与可移除壳体102材料相同。例如,第二材料的第二层可以与第一材料的第一层在分离的处理中形成,并且附接至第一材料的第一层(例如,如本文进一步讨论的)。
在一些实施例中,当矫正器100被放置在患者的牙齿上时,齿弓元件可以遵循患者的口腔的表面的轮廓。例如,齿弓元件可以成形为大致遵循患者的腭的轮廓。例如,这能够通过模制或者扫描患者的腭的表面并且然后形成与模制/扫描的表面(即,表面可以不相同,因为齿弓元件可以被设计为比如上所述的更宽,并且因此不是模制/扫描表面的相同的副本,并且因此可以大致匹配,但不是相同的)大致匹配的齿弓元件的表面而实现。
为了更好地提供矫正器在患者口中的安放,矫正器中的腭的轮廓可以加入预期在扩展期间的组织的拉伸。换言之,矫正器的形状被设计为包括牙齿扩展期间患者的腭或者下舌侧组织的预期拉伸,而不仅是牙齿的移动。
在一些实施例中,齿弓元件104的一侧可以与患者的舌相邻和/或相接触。齿弓元件的另一侧例如可以与患者的口腔(例如,腭和/或患者的口底)表面相邻和/或相接触。此外,如本文讨论的,在一些实施例中,使用患者的口腔模制和/或扫描数据,横腭弓可以设计为接触腭(例如,如果期望更多支撑),或者可以设计为不接触(例如,为了患者舒适)。矫正器100可以用于重定位患者的多个牙齿,同时使用齿弓元件扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓。牙齿的齿弓的扩展可以包括在横向上移动患者的齿弓的后牙(例如,臼齿)和/或其他牙,以及/或者拉伸患者的上颌骨的骨缝(例如,将骨缝区域中的上颌骨分离成两半),同时在扩展期间拉伸周围的软组织(例如,腭齿龈)。
与其中在患者的齿弓不对齐的第一治疗之后是患者的牙齿不对齐的治疗这样的当前的循序渐进的两阶段治疗方案相比,患者的齿弓的不对齐(例如,不充分的齿弓宽度)与牙齿对齐问题(例如,转动、倾斜等)结合的同时治疗例如可以潜在地消除两阶段治疗方案的第二阶段,使得第二阶段不那么复杂,或者使得患者稍微更舒适,缩短治疗时间。即,根据多个实施例,齿弓元件能够避免和/或不干涉可移除壳体102与其内的牙齿的接合,并且从而允许齿弓扩展处理期间的各种牙齿不对齐问题的矫正,使得联合地,而不是作为分开的阶段地进行齿弓扩展和对齐矫正。
虽然图1A的本实施例示出了用于患者的上齿列的矫正器,但实施例不限于此。根据一些实施例,矫正器可以包括用于患者的下齿列的矫正器和/或用于上齿列以及下齿列的矫正器。
在一些这样的实施例中,从用于下齿列的矫正器的表面延伸的齿弓元件可以大致遵循患者的口底的部分的轮廓。虽然下齿弓(即,下颌骨)不包括能够如上齿弓一样分离的骨缝,但是即使在下部也能够应用本文描述的矫正器设计的相同原理,以通过下齿弓矫正器施加更高的横向稳定性和/或横向力,从而更有效地将横向力传递至下齿列,用于牙齿扩展用途。
在一些这样的实施例中,因为横跨患者口腔底部的大致水平的跨度可能不适合于定位齿弓元件(例如,因为舌在该路线上),所以本公开的矫正器可以包括牙科矫正器的强化部,其施加力以帮助牙科地扩展患者的下齿弓。例如,齿弓元件的一部分可以定位在患者的舌的前方或者定位成靠近舌以施加水平力,并且壳体可以设计成朝着患者的颌的后部(例如,靠近臼齿)传递或者重定向由舌产生的前部力。
在一些实施例中,第一矫正器可以放置在患者的上齿列上,并且第二矫正器可以放置在下齿列上。第一矫正器和第二矫正器可以各自具有齿弓元件。
第一矫正器的齿弓元件和第二矫正器的齿弓元件可以分别将上齿列的齿弓和下齿列的齿弓扩展至相同程度。或者,在需要不成比例的量的扩展/收缩的II类或III类矫正的情况下,可以协调所述量,使得目标扩张适合于前后咬合改变的期望量。
在本公开的一些实施例中,矫正器100可以是治疗计划的一部分。例如,治疗计划可以包括设计为渐进地实施治疗计划的一系列矫正器。例如,一系列矫正器的每个矫正器均可以是渐进治疗计划的阶段。该系列可以用于治疗患者的牙齿的不对齐,和/或患者的牙齿的一个以上的齿弓的不对齐。在一些这样的实施例中,可以扩展一个齿弓,而不扩展另一齿弓,或者可以同时扩展两个齿弓。或者可以扩展一个齿弓,而收缩另一齿弓。
例如,被设计为渐进地实施治疗计划的一系列矫正器中的第一矫正器可以包括由其内具有多个腔体的第一材料形成的第一壳体,所述腔体设计为收纳第一颌的牙齿。第一矫正器可以包括由第一材料的第一层以及与第一材料不同的第二材料的第二层形成的第一齿弓元件。
第一齿弓元件可以从第一壳体跨越第一壳体的齿弓宽度而延伸。例如,第一齿弓元件可以具有针对治疗计划的第一阶段的第一宽度,并且/或者可以设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓。
一系列矫正器中的第二矫正器可以包括其内具有多个腔体的第二壳体,该多个腔体设计为收纳第一颌的牙齿。第二矫正器可以包括第二齿弓元件。例如,第二齿弓元件可以具有针对治疗计划的第二阶段的第二宽度。
第二宽度可以比第一宽度宽。例如,第二宽度可以包括与第一宽度相比渐进增加的宽度。矫正器的齿弓宽度的相继的渐进增加与患者的实际物理齿弓的期望的逐渐增加相对应。
根据本公开的一些实施例,一系列矫正器可以包括第三矫正器。第三矫正器可以包括其内具有多个腔体的第三壳体,该多个腔体设计为收纳第二颌(例如,下颌)的牙齿。例如,第三矫正器可以包括设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓的第三齿弓元件。第三齿弓元件可以具有针对治疗计划的第一阶段的第三宽度。在这样的实施例中,第一矫正器和第三矫正器能够用于治疗计划的第一阶段。例如,患者可以将第一矫正器放置在第一颌(例如,上颌)的牙齿上,并且可以将第三矫正器放置在第二颌(例如,下颌)的牙齿上。第一矫正器的第一齿弓元件和第三矫正器的第三齿弓元件可以被设计为基于第一宽度和第二宽度,使第一颌的牙齿的齿弓和第二颌的牙齿的齿弓扩展至相同的程度(即,相等的距离)。如果上齿弓与下齿弓已经处于良好的协调状态,并且不期望或计划咬合的前后改变,则期望相等距离的扩展量。
在各种实施例中,一系列矫正器可以包括第四矫正器。第四矫正器可以包括其内具有多个腔体的第四壳体,该多个腔体设计为收纳第一颌的牙齿。例如,第四矫正器可以不包括齿弓元件,并且/或者可以包括第四齿弓元件。
虽然本实施例示出了治疗计划的两个阶段,但是根据本公开的实施例不限于此。治疗计划可以包括多个各种阶段,包括多于或少于两个治疗阶段。阶段的至少一部分可以包括用于逐渐扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓的治疗。代替地和/或附加地,在各种实施例中,一个以上的阶段可以不包括齿弓元件。
在示例实施例中,系统可以包括:设计为渐进地实施治疗计划的一系列矫正器中的第一矫正器,该第一矫正器具有成型为扩展患者的腭的表面的至少一部分的齿弓元件,其中,所述齿弓元件被设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述齿弓元件具有针对治疗计划的第一阶段的宽度以及一个以上的牙齿接合结构,并且其中,每个结构均与牙齿表面或者患者的齿龈的表面中的至少一者接触,并且向该至少一者施加力。一系列矫正器中的第二矫正器可以包括:成形为扩展患者的腭的表面的至少一部分的第二齿弓元件,其中,所述第二齿弓元件被设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述齿弓元件具有针对治疗计划的第二阶段的宽度以及一个以上的牙齿接合结构,并且其中,各个结构均与牙齿表面或者患者的牙龈的表面中的至少一者接触,并且向该至少一者施加力。
图1B示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的实例。与图1A所示的实施例类似,图1B的实施例中示出的矫正器100能够被用作上牙列矫正器(例如,放置在患者的上颌上的矫正器)。
根据本公开的一些实施例,矫正器100可以包括可移除壳体102,其由具有形成在其内的多个腔体的第一材料形成。如上所述,多个腔体可以成形为收纳患者的牙齿。
矫正器100可以包括在舌侧方向上从可移除壳体102并且跨越可移除壳体102的齿弓宽度的至少一部分而延伸的齿弓元件103。此处使用的可移除壳体102的弓宽度是可移除壳体102的腔体之间的空间。
例如,当将牙科矫正器100放置在患者的牙齿上时,齿弓元件103能够跨越患者的口腔表面。口腔的表面例如可以包括腭和/或口底。在这样的实施例中,齿弓元件被设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,齿弓元件具有针对于治疗计划的阶段的宽度。因此,在一些实施例中,齿弓元件的宽度比患者的牙齿的齿弓宽度宽。
如图1B所示,齿弓元件可以被制造成其上具有结构强化特征。在图1B的实例中,多个脊部和谷部105形成在齿弓元件103上。
脊部和谷部结构105可以用于为齿弓元件提供额外的刚性,其能够允许提供更多的力。以该方式,牙科矫正器可以用于进行更多的应用,诸如移动腭板,向外移动牙齿,和/或将牙齿和/或腭维持在特定的朝向上,同时肌肉组织和骨被调整至该朝向,并且防止牙齿或颌移动回朝着它们的初始朝向。
虽然在图1A和1B中示出了结构强化特征的两个实例,但是可以使用将增加齿弓元件的刚性的任意合适的结构强化特征。
图2示出根据本公开的矫正器实施例的实例。在图2的实施例中,矫正器200的壳体202具有腔体,以收纳患者的颌的少于全部的牙齿。例如,在图2中,矫正器具有用于患者的臼齿的腔体。由于其仅用于那些牙齿,所以这能够是有益的,从而将矫正器施加的力集中到在患者的治疗中的该阶段需要调节的那些牙齿。在图2的实施例中,矫正器有带有光滑表面的齿弓元件204。可以以各种方式创建本公开的实施例。
例如,在一些实施例中,齿弓元件可以由使用患者的腭的虚拟模型或者患者的多个牙齿的虚拟模型的材料形成。例如,针对于治疗计划的阶段,齿弓元件可以比患者的第一颌的多个牙齿的齿弓宽度宽,并且可以成型为大致遵循患者的腭的轮廓(其还可以包括由于组织拉伸导致的对腭轮廓的预期变化的建模)。
模型中的腭轮廓还可以特别地在竖直方向上升高,使得通过模型形成的任意矫正器相比于腭的实际轮廓稍微升高。换言之,可以设计成在实际的腭与矫正器的腭覆盖部分之间存在微小的间隙。该间隙允许矫正器设计的横向效益有效,而不一定需要矫正器与组织的轮廓的精确配合。
竖直尺寸的微小的偏移可以使由于可能导致变化的舌头位置的变化所导致的言语、吞咽或感觉的任何破坏最小化。更重要地,有意地提高仅腭组织区域的竖直尺寸具有不需要对可能在组织中发生的任何非线性拉伸的完美建模的益处。这能够大量地减少矫正器引起的不舒适的压力点和疼痛的风险。不得不减轻矫正器中的压力点对于医生来说可能是非常耗时的,并且如果矫正器开始较薄,则这种调整可能导致矫正器中的削弱的区域。
例如,患者的多个牙齿的虚拟模型可以包括初始虚拟牙齿模型和/或中间虚拟牙齿模型。腭(和/或患者的口腔的其它组织表面)的虚拟模型可以包括腭的轮廓。在一些实施例中,腭的虚拟模型和多个牙齿的虚拟模型可以包括单个虚拟模型和/或两个分离的虚拟模型。
齿弓元件可以通过快速成型工艺形成,例如通过计算机辅助制造(CAM)铣削、立体光刻、3D打印、熔融沉积成型(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)和/或光刻。这样的技术的优点能够包括,例如,能够在单个构造中使用多种材料,可以针对刚性而设计和构建各种横截面厚度,并且容易制造复杂的有机几何形状。
齿弓元件可以成形为在尺寸比患者的第一颌的多个牙齿的齿弓宽度宽的同时配合于患者的第一颌的齿弓之间。
在一些实施例中,矫正器的柔性使得其能够在就位期间在横向上被压缩,以激活扩展力。然后当矫正器被放入口中时释放该力,并且朝着牙齿、软组织和/或颌骨引导该力。
如上所述,在一些实施例中,齿弓元件可以使用腭的虚拟模型而成形为大致遵循患者的腭的轮廓。代替地和/附加地,齿弓元件可以使用口底的虚拟模型而成形为大致遵循患者的口底的轮廓。
为了形成矫正器,可移除壳体例如可以形成在一组模制牙齿上。可移除壳体可以包括形成在其内的多个腔体,其中,多个腔体成形为收纳患者的多个牙齿。在各种实施例中,可移除壳体可以包括由与多个腔体的材料相同的材料形成的齿弓元件的第二部分。例如,齿弓元件的第二部分可以与多个腔体一体地形成,并且/或者与多个腔体在同一工艺期间形成。
例如,形成齿弓元件的第一部分的材料可以比形成齿弓元件的第二部分的材料刚性大。在一些实施例中,齿弓元件的第二部分可以包括与齿弓元件的第一部分相同的宽度。
代替地和/或附加地,齿弓元件的第一部分可以设计为当牙科矫正器放置在患者的牙齿上时,与患者的口腔表面(例如,腭和/或患者的口底)相邻,并且/或者与口腔表面接触。齿弓元件的第二部分可以设计成当牙科矫正器被放置在患者的牙齿上时,与患者的舌相邻和/或与舌接触。
例如,可以通过在物理牙齿模型上热成型塑料片来制成牙科矫正器。例如,物理牙齿模型可以代表患者的牙齿要被移动到的渐进位置。患者的牙齿的该期望的位置包括将牙齿保持在适当位置的骨架结构的任何潜在的期望变化。
可以通过将计算机辅助设计(CAD)虚拟牙齿模型文件下载至例如计算机辅助制造(CAM)铣削、立体光刻、3D打印、熔融沉积成型(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)和/或光刻这样的快速成型处理,而制造物理牙齿模型。这样的技术的优点包括,例如,能够在单个构造中使用多种材料,可以针对刚性而设计和构建各种横截面厚度,并且容易制造复杂的有机几何形状。例如,虚拟牙齿模型在被用于制造而发送之前可以被挖空或“成为壳体”,从而如果被打印则节省材料成本。
可以根据患者的多个牙齿的虚拟模型创建牙齿模型(例如一组模制牙齿)。可以根据识别患者、治疗计划的阶段、多个牙齿的虚拟模型和/或牙齿模型是属于上齿弓还是/以及下齿弓的独特的治疗文件来形成牙齿模型。
在一些实施例中,可以通过例如SLA这样的快速原型设备机器或打印来访问治疗文件,以形成和/或创建牙齿模型。牙齿模型的结果可以包括一组模制牙齿(例如,一组物理模制牙齿)。一组模制牙齿可以至少包括患者的多个牙齿的复制品。牙齿模型可以用于制作牙科矫正器,例如,使用材料聚合板创建牙齿模型的负印模,并在牙齿模型上真空成形加热的聚合物片。
例如,可以通过将可热成型的材料片和/或一个以上的材料的多个片层叠在牙齿模型上来创建牙科矫正器。例如,材料可以包括至少一种聚合物材料。
通常,例如,可以通过在牙齿模型上加热聚合物可热成型板并且真空或者压力成型(即,在模具中的多个牙齿上)的片而制造和/或成型牙科矫正器。材料片的形状可以设计为有意地改变片的某些部分中的厚度(超过成形过程中厚度的自然变化),以使其符合模具形状。例如,牙科矫正器可以包括牙齿模型的负印模。矫正器和/或其部分可以是透明的、半透明的或者不透明的,以便仿效天然牙齿阴影。
图3示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的虚拟模型。如图3的实施例所示,虚拟牙科矫正器300可以包括可移除壳体302、齿弓元件304。
可移除壳体302可以包括形成在其内的多个腔体,其中,多个腔体成型为收纳患者的多个牙齿。如图3所示,可移除壳体302可以包括虚拟可移除壳体、物理可移除壳体和/或要热成型在牙齿模型上的材料(例如,本文进一步讨论的)。
下颌的模型可以包括患者的口腔的表面的虚拟模型,其包括患者的多个牙齿的虚拟模型。虚拟模型(例如,下颌的模型)可以用于打印和/或铣削齿弓元件。
代替地和/或附加地,下颌的模型可以包括一组物理模制牙齿。例如,可以使用患者的口腔和/或牙齿的表面的虚拟模型来创建一组物理模制牙齿。在各种实施例中,可移除壳体302可以形成在一组物理模制牙齿上。
图4示出具有可执行指令的示例计算设备可读介质,所述可执行指令由处理器执行以执行根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的方法。例如,计算装置424可以具有多个与其结合的组件。计算装置424可以包括处理器426和存储器428。存储器428可以具有各种类型的信息,包括数据430和可执行指令432,如本文所述。
处理器426可以执行存储在内部或外部非暂时性计算机设备可读介质(CRM)中的指令432。本文使用的非暂时性CRM可以包括易失性和/或非易失性存储器。易失性存储器可以包括取决于存储信息的功率的存储器,诸如各种类型的动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)等等。非易失性存储器可以包括不取决于存储信息的功率的存储器。
在一些实施例中,存储器428和/或处理器426可以位于计算装置424上,或者在计算装置424之外。因此,如图4的实施例所示,计算装置424可以包括网络接口434。这样的接口434能够允许处理另一联网的计算装置,可以用于获取关于患者的信息,并且/或者可以用于获取本文提供的各种实施例使用的数据和/或可执行指令。
如图4的实施例所示,计算装置424可以包括一个以上的输入和/或输出接口438。这样的接口438可以用于使计算装置424与一个以上的输入和/或输出装置440、442、444、446和448连接。
例如,在图4所示的实施例中,输入和/或输出装置可以包括扫描装置440、摄像头442、输入设备444(例如,鼠标、键盘等)、显示设备446(例如,监视器)、打印机448和/或一个以上的其他输入设备。输入/输出接口438可以接收能够存储在数据存储装置(例如,存储器)中的可执行指令和/或数据,代表患者的齿列的虚拟牙齿模型。
在一些实施例中,扫描装置440可以配置为扫描患者的齿列的一个以上的物理牙齿模型。在一个以上的实施例中,扫描装置440可以配置为直接扫描患者的齿列和/或牙科矫正器。扫描装置440可以配置为将数据输入到计算装置424中。
在一些实施例中,摄像头442可以接收来自诸如虚拟摄像机、印刷照片扫描仪和/或其他合适的成像装置这样的成像装置(例如,2D或3D成像装置)的输入。来自成像装置的输入例如可以存储在存储器428中。
处理器426可以执行指令以在显示器446上提供治疗计划、牙科矫正器和/或齿弓元件的一部分的虚拟表示。计算装置424可以配置为允许治疗医师或其他用户输入治疗目标。接收的输入可以作为数据430发送到处理器426,并且/或者存储在存储器428中。
这样的连接可以使得除了其它类型的信息之外的数据以及/或者指令能够输入和/或输出。一些实施例可以分布在一个以上的网络内的各种计算设备中,并且如图4所示的这种系统可以有益于允许捕获、计算和/或分析本文所讨论的信息。
与数据存储设备(例如,存储器428)相关联的处理器426可以与数据430相关联。与存储器428相关联的处理器426可以存储和/或使用数据430并且/或者执行指令432,用于为治疗计划的特定阶段设计虚拟矫正器并且/或者为治疗阶段设计一系列虚拟矫治器。这样的数据可以包括虚拟牙齿模型和/或患者的口腔的表面(例如,腭和/或口底)的虚拟模型。
连结到存储器428的处理器426可以使计算设备424执行如下方法,该方法包括例如提供了具有壳体的牙科矫正器的虚拟模型,所述壳体被配置为重新定位患者的多个牙齿。牙科矫正器的虚拟模型可以包括齿弓元件的第二部分。在本公开的各个实施例中,连结到存储器428的处理器426能够使计算装置424执行包括提供齿弓元件的第一部分的虚拟模型(例如,如图3所示)的方法。
在一些实施例中,牙科矫正器的虚拟模型可以用于创建物理牙科矫正器。例如,牙科矫正器结构数据可以存储在存储器中,并且被矫正器制造装置使用,以基于牙齿结构数据制造矫正器。例如,存储器可以包含可执行指令,以使用这些技术操作热成型或直接制造装置从而形成牙科矫正器。
如上所述,在一些实施例中,齿弓元件或其部分可以由比第一材料更具刚性的第二材料制成。例如,第二材料的刚性能够在横向(例如,水平方向)上向多个牙齿的至少一部分施加力,以扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓。在一些实施例中,在如本文所述的其它使用之中,第二材料的刚性可以产生必要的腭扩张力,以分离上颌骨的骨缝并且/或者使上颌骨的部分相对彼此移动。
在一些实施例中,齿弓元件的第一材料可以形成第一层,并且齿弓元件的第二材料可以形成第二层(例如,如图5的实施例所示)。例如,第一材料的第一层可以与可移除壳体102一体形成并且与可移除壳体102材料相同。
例如,第二材料的第二层可以与第一材料的第一层在分离的处理中制成,并且附接至第一材料的第一层(例如,如本文进一步讨论的)。在一些实施例中,第二层可以与第一层的材料的层厚相同或者比第一层的材料更厚。在这样的实施例中,这样的两层可以被称为齿弓元件的第一部分和第二部分。
齿弓元件的第一部分和第二部分可以比患者的第一颌的多个牙齿的齿弓宽度宽。在一些实施例中,例如,齿弓元件可以成形为大致遵循患者的腭的轮廓和/或患者的口底的轮廓。可以升高模型中的腭轮廓,以产生矫正器与实际的腭轮廓之间的均匀的释放间隙。物理的第一部分可以由比形成第二部分的材料更具刚性的材料形成。
在一些实施例中,为了将力从齿弓元件引导到壳体的其它部分,可以在齿弓元件与壳体的其它部分之间施加更刚性的材料(例如,将刚性材料施加在壳体材料上面和/或下面,或者封装在壳体材料层内)。另外,用于形成齿弓元件和/或力引导部分的刚性材料可以被强化材料(例如,设置于第二材料的金属片或金属丝材料)强化。
在一个示例方法实施例中,形成牙科矫正器的方法包括:针对治疗计划的阶段,使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第一虚拟齿弓元件,其中,齿弓元件比患者的第一颌的多个牙齿的齿弓宽度宽;以及形成连接于齿弓元件的一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构,其中,每个结构均与虚拟牙齿的表面接触,并且向其施加虚拟的力。这样的实施例可以还包括:使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第二虚拟齿弓元件,其中,第二齿弓元件根据治疗计划的第二阶段相应地对一个以上的牙齿施加力;以及用第二虚拟齿弓元件替换第一虚拟齿弓元件。
例如,可以使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第二虚拟齿弓元件,其中,第二齿弓元件根据治疗计划的第二阶段相应地向一个以上的牙齿施加力。可以使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成连接于第二虚拟齿弓元件的一个以上的第二虚拟牙齿接合结构,其中,一个以上的第二牙齿接合结构根据治疗计划的第二阶段相应地移动一个以上的牙齿。
在一些实施例中,在形成根据治疗计划的第二阶段相应地移动一个以上的牙齿的一个以上的第二虚拟牙齿接合结构之前,基于第一齿弓元件和一个以上的第一虚拟牙齿接合结构所施加的一个以上的估算力所实现的患者的齿弓的移动而计算牙齿的位置。除了其它益处之外,这在更好地匹配患者的口腔的虚拟排列与实际将发生在患者口中的排列方面是有益的。
在一些实施例中,方法可以还包括:基于通过第一齿弓元件和一个以上的第一虚拟牙齿接合结构所施加的一个以上的估算力所实现的患者的齿弓的计算出的移动,定义两个虚拟牙齿之间或者一个虚拟牙齿与患者口腔的另一特征之间的空间;以及设计第二虚拟牙齿接合结构,以位置该定义的空间。除了其他益处之外,这在治疗的稍后时间和/或牙齿长出时将需要空间的情况下可以是有益的。
如本文在一些实施例中所述,虚拟矫正器或其中的数据可用于制造要在患者口中使用的物理矫正器。例如,在一些实施例中,方法还可以包括:基于虚拟齿弓元件和连接于齿弓元件的一个以上的物理牙齿接合结构形成物理齿弓元件,并且其中,每个结构均与患者的虚拟牙齿的表面接触,并且向其施加虚拟力。
应注意,当在本公开中使用第一和第二以描述物品时,仅意味着一个物品在下一个之前,并且不表示物品是一系列多个物品中的第一个和第二个物品。例如,第一物品可以是一系列物品中的第三物品,并且第二物品可以是一系列物品中的第六物品,并且术语第一和第二用于表示在系列中第一在第二之前,即使在该系列之中可以有更多物品。
图5示出根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的具有结构强化材料的矫正器的实例。在图5的实施例中,以两个不同的视角示出矫正器500。齿弓元件504包括多种材料(例如,第一材料层,其在该情况下与壳体502的材料是相同类型;以及第二材料层508,其为不同的材料)。
齿弓元件的第一部分能够连接到齿弓元件的第二部分以形成牙科矫正器。例如,齿弓元件可以设计成在横向上向多个牙齿的至少一部分提供力,以扩展患者的第一颌的牙齿的齿弓。
根据本公开的一些实施例,齿弓元件的第一部分和齿弓元件的第二部分可以以各种方式相连接。例如,齿弓元件的第一部分可以通过如下方法连接到齿弓元件的第二部分:在齿弓元件的第一部分置于一组模制牙齿内(即,封装)的情况下,在该组模制牙齿上热成型可移除壳体。
在一些实施例中,可以添加试剂(例如,粘结材料)以将通过热成型可移除壳体而创建的齿弓元件的第一部分连接至齿弓元件的第二部分。第一和第二部分还可以通过超声焊接或其他允许粘附的技术而互相固定,而不需要诸如溶剂或粘合剂这样的中间物质。
根据本公开的一些实施例,可以通过在形成齿弓元件的第一部分和可移除壳体之后粘附第一部分与第二部分,而将齿弓元件的第一部分连接到齿弓元件的第二部分。在一些实施例中,可以使用试剂,以使齿弓元件的第一部分粘附于齿弓元件的第二部分,然而,在一些实施例中,可以不使用试剂而粘结用于形成第一部分和第二部分的多种材料(例如,超声焊接、激光点焊)。第一部分也可以固化到与牙齿模型直接接触的位置(例如,将诸如聚丙烯酸酯这样的液态树脂涂在模型上,随后通过化学或光固化而硬化),并且然后结合到热成型在第一材料上的第二材料,以在两种材料之间创建粘结结合。
在各种实施例中,第一部分可以包括多个特征(例如,如本文进一步讨论的)。将齿弓元件的第一部分连接至第二部分可以包括:在齿弓元件的第一部分放置在一组模制牙齿中的情况下,在该组模制牙齿上热成型可移除壳体。热成型的材料(即,形成了可移除壳体的材料)可以包围齿弓元件的第一部分的多个特征,以将齿弓元件的第一部分连接到第二部分。
可移动壳体502可以包括多个腔体以及齿弓元件的第二部分506。齿弓元件的第二部分506可以使用下颌的模型与腔体同时形成,并且/或者由与腔体相同的材料形成。形成齿弓元件的第一部分504的材料可以比形成齿弓元件的第二部分506的材料更具刚性。
齿弓元件的第一部分504可以连接到齿弓元件的第二部分506,以形成牙科矫正器。例如,齿弓元件的第一部分504可以置于一组物理模制牙齿内(例如,下颌的模型)。试剂可以添加至齿弓元件的第二部分。由于可移除壳体502热成型在模制牙齿组上,所以齿弓元件的第一部分504与齿弓元件的第二部分506可以相连接。即,块元件的第一部分504可以封装在模制牙齿组中,并且可以使用试剂粘附至齿弓元件的第二部分506。
代替地,在形成齿弓元件的第一部分504和可移除壳体502之后,齿弓元件的第一部分504可以连接到齿弓元件的第二部分506。例如,可移除壳体502可以热成型在物理模制牙齿组上。随后,齿弓元件的第一部分504可以粘附至齿弓元件的第二部分506。例如,可以使用试剂或者通过不需要试剂的方法(诸如超声焊接)来粘附齿弓元件的部分504和506。
可以以多个部分提供本公开的一些实施例。这能够是有益的:例如,腭已经扩展,但是由于腔体和其他矫正器结构的牙齿的移动仍在进行。在这种情况下,诸如图6A或6B所示的矫正器可能是适用的。
图6A和6B示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有可移除齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。在图6A和6B的实施例中,矫正器600具有壳体602,该壳体在其上具有安装元件610(如图6A所示),以接合齿弓元件604。
安装元件与齿弓元件可以通过任意合适的机构固定在一起,并且可以是可释放地或永久性地固定在一起。处理许多其它固定机构之外,固定机构的一些实例包括:将凸缘滑动到狭槽中、将突出部放置在孔中、化学粘合、粘合剂粘合。在图6A的实施例中,齿弓元件的将与壳体相邻的边缘可以滑动到形成在壳体中的切口或通道内(图6A的实施例具有形成在其内的升高的通道)。该接合可以机械地固定(利用锁定机构,或者摩擦接合,或者通过将两个部分化学地结合在一起,或者利用粘结剂)。
在图6B的实施例中,齿弓元件603附接至壳体602以形成矫正器600。在该实施例中,齿弓元件603由与壳体602不同的材料形成。
可以添加具有不同特性的材料,或者在一些实施例中,一个齿弓元件可以与另一个互换。例如,如果期望齿弓元件比壳体更具刚性,则可以使用更刚性的材料(如在该实施例中)或者添加该更刚性的材料层(至一种以上的其它材料的齿弓元件,诸如图6A或图9)以向齿弓元件添加刚性。在另一实施例中,矫正器的齿弓部可能已经具有刚性,但是可能随着时间推移而失去刚性,所以可以添加不同材料的齿弓元件以提供弹性,这可以延长原始齿弓材料可用于其目的的时间段。
在各中实施例中,可以使用第一齿弓元件,并且然后具有不同特性的第二齿弓元件可以固定到第一齿弓元件的位置处。例如,可以利用具有提供物理特性的第一力的齿弓元件,然后可以从矫正器移除齿弓元件,并且用具有提供特性的第二力的齿弓元件替换。在如下实施例中这能够是有益的:壳体可以从一个治疗阶段重新使用到另一个阶段,并且因此,可以更换齿弓元件,而不是必须制造和使用的全新的矫正器。不同的特性可以不同于壳体和/或第一齿弓元件中的一者或两者。不同的物理特性的实例包括:刚性、弹性、颜色和厚度分布(沿着第二齿弓元件的任意点处的厚度可以与第一齿弓元件上的对应点处的厚度不同)。
在一些实施例中,可以移除齿弓元件,并且可以在没有齿弓元件的情况下将矫正器继续佩戴在患者的口中。在这样的实施例中,矫正器例如可以继续维持一个以上的牙齿的位置和/或可以继续调整一个以上的牙齿的位置和/或朝向。
图7示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有前翼片齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。图7提供了具有壳体702的矫正器700,该壳体在其上具有突片705,以提供附加的刚性和/或腭扩展力。前部突片705是齿弓的舌侧的小突片。其可以用于在横向上在颌的两端之间增大矫正器的结构刚性。在一些实施例中,舌侧突片特征可以沿着齿弓的一个以上的部分或者整个跨度延伸。舌侧突片的截面几何形状可以沿着其长度均匀地或不均匀地变化,以提供额外的刚性和/或力来调整腭。
图8示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有肋特征的矫正器的实例。图8提供了在壳体802的表面上具有一个以上的肋特征807的矫正器800。这些特征是比矫正器其它部分的本体厚度厚的区域,并且因此提供额外的刚性和/或力。
另外,肋是沿着壳体802的表面指向不同方向的细长形状。这使得它们能够在特定方向上提供力,以精确地从矫正器提供给牙齿的力。在图8示出的实施例中,肋以特殊的几何形状热成型(通过计算装置中的可执行指令的帮助来计划),以向牙科矫正器的后部部分提供附加的刚性。
例如,在一些实施例中,肋特征可以定位在用于齿冠的腔体之间的颊侧和/或舌侧部分中,以在横向上加强矫正器,使得各个牙齿能够作为区段而移动。在混合齿列的情况下,如果在治疗期间主牙丢失,因为后部部分正作为区段而扩展,所以这样的实施例可以有助于维持腭扩展力。
图9示出根据本公开的多个实施例的具有连接了齿弓的后侧的齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。在图9的实施例中,矫正器900包括壳体902,其具有跨越腭的齿弓元件904。在该实施例中,齿弓元件904不覆盖患者的整个腭,而是跨过腭的一部分并且留下一部分不覆盖。除了其它益处之外,这样的实施例对于患者可能是更舒适的,并且可以更容易地放置和移除。
图10示出根据本公开的多个实施例的全腭齿弓元件的矫正器的实例。在图10的实施例中,矫正器1000包括壳体1002,其具有跨过整个腭表面的齿弓元件1004(在壳体1002的左右腭部之间的前-后方向上)。在该实施例中,齿弓元件1004跨过患者的整个腭(直到后缘,如果后臼齿或臼齿是从后方的第二个)。除了其它益处之外,这样的实施例还可以易于制造,并且将减少对于患者来说不舒适的边缘。
图11示出根据本公开的多个实施例的其上设置有延伸的齿龈特征的矫正器的实例。图11所示的实施例提供了包括壳体1102的矫正器1100,该壳体具有延伸的齿龈特征1109,以提供附加的刚性和/或腭扩展力。
延伸的齿龈特征1109是矫正器的延伸部分,其形状遵循齿龈的形状。该类型的齿弓元件可以用于在颌的两端之间在横向上增加矫正器的结构完整性。在一些实施例中,延伸的齿龈特征可以沿着齿弓的一个以上的部分或者齿弓的整个跨度。
此外,延伸的齿龈特征的截面几何形状可以沿着其长度均匀地或不均匀地变化,以提供额外的刚性和/或力来调整腭。例如,延伸的齿龈特征可以成型为匹配物理齿龈的轮廓(例如,在二维或三维中),其中延伸的齿龈特征将放置在物理齿龈上。
制造时齿龈切割线的延伸可以通过使用实际的齿龈表面支持横向力以完成前突片特征所起的作用,从而增加矫正器的刚性和/或提供力以在横向上调整腭。除了其它益处之外,该特征还可以有助于在混合齿列情况中发现的短齿冠的矫正器保持。
本公开的实施例还可以提供其它有益功能。例如,当患者的乳牙齿列和永久齿列具有尺寸差异时,实施例可以维持患者口腔中的空间。
例如,与前部牙齿不同,永久前臼齿可以比它们替换了的乳牙小。平均来说,下颌骨乳牙第二臼齿比第二前臼齿大2mm,并且在上颌骨齿弓中,乳牙第二臼齿仅大1.5mm。乳牙第一臼齿仅比第一前臼齿大0.5mm。因此,平均来说,这导致下颌骨齿弓中的2.5mm和上颌骨齿弓中的1.5mm的空间,称为余隙空间。余隙空间通常由永久臼齿的齿弓中线移动(永久第一臼齿在齿弓中线相对快速地移动)占用。
这产生了如下机会:例如使用桥体与矫正器一起,通过填充矫正器牙齿空间并且为长出的牙齿留下间隙,来获得齿弓长度,并且通过停止第一臼齿的齿弓中线移动来缓解拥挤。填充的桥体材料可以用于防止第一臼齿移动到余隙空间中,与此同时允许永久前臼齿长出。
图12A、12B和12C示出根据本公开的多个实施例的矫正器的实例。在图12A的实施例中,矫正器1200具有一个以上的牙齿接合结构,在该情况下,具有腔体的壳体1202以及形成在其上的齿弓元件1204。在图12A的实施例中还示出了呈支架1214形式的结构强化特征。这些特征可以定位在齿弓元件的各种位置中,以增加齿弓元件的刚性。
这可以是能够通过上述的工艺直接从虚拟模型制造的设计,或者如能够固定在一起的单片或者如一个以上的壳体以及齿弓片。在图12B的实施例中,矫正器1200不具有壳体,而是具有齿弓元件1204以及一个以上的牙齿接合结构1210,以与牙齿表面接触并且向其施加力。
应注意在一些实施例中,当看到患者口中的矫正器时,矫正器的部分可能对人不可见,并且因此,材料不必须是透明的,并且因此,这允许了关于可以使用的材料的可多的选择。利用一些制造工艺,如本文所述,可以由多种材料制造矫正器或者部分地制造矫正器,其中,部分由不同材料制成并且附接在一起以创建矫正器。
牙齿接合结构可以沿着牙齿的侧表面的小部分延伸,或者可以大致绕着牙齿的侧表面延伸,如图12C所示。在图12C的实施例中,牙齿接合结构1212围绕牙齿的整个侧表面延伸,以包围牙齿。
这样的实施例可以提供矫正器在患者口中更安全的配合,可以施加更多的力,并且可以控制在相对于牙齿在一个以上的方向上的力的施加。在一些情况下,这可以允许在矫正器扩展患者的腭的同时调整牙齿的位置和朝向。
在一些实施例中,矫正器可以重叠在已有的矫正器上,用于调整牙齿的定位和/或朝向。例如,在图12A中所示的实施例这样的实施例中,腔体1202的尺寸能够配合在用于对齐一个以上的牙齿的校准矫正器或者用于维持一个以上的牙齿的位置的保持矫正器的腔体上。校准矫正器和/或齿弓调整矫正器可以在其上具有特征,以将两个矫正器锁定在一起,或者它们可以通过其他方法(means)(例如,摩擦和/或经由粘附等)固定在一起。
如上所述,例如,因为多件式实施例可以被设计成具有可移除部分,所以多件式实施例可能是潜在有益的。例如,舌侧连接特征可以固定(例如,热成型)在矫正器的表面上。跨过腭的刚性片可以被卡扣到位并根据需要移除。代替地,在一些实施例中,可以使用金属丝或弹簧来替代刚性片。
在永久固定了片的实施例中,舌侧连接特征可以固定(例如,热成型)在矫正器的表面上,以定位跨过腭的刚性片,使其能够固定至矫正器(例如,通过粘合剂)。代替地,在一些实施例中,可以使用金属丝或弹簧代替刚性片。
在一个这样的实施例中,矫正器包括成形为跨过患者的腭的表面的至少一部分的齿弓元件,其中,所述齿弓元件被设计为扩展患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述齿弓元件具有针对治疗计划的阶段的宽度以及一个以上的牙齿接合结构,并且其中,各个结构均与牙齿表面或者患者的牙龈的表面中的至少一者接触,并且向该至少一者施加力。在一些这样的实施例中,一个以上的牙齿接合结构是在其上形成有多个腔体的可移除壳体,其中,多个腔体成形为收纳患者的牙齿。
如图12B所示,牙齿接合结构可以沿着牙齿的至少一个侧表面的一部分延伸。此外,在图12A和12C的实施例中,牙齿接合结构可以大致围绕牙齿的侧表面延伸(在图12A和12C的实施例中,其一直围绕地延伸),以包围牙齿。
虽然上面的讨论集中在齿弓扩展,但是在一些情况下,齿弓将需要收缩,并且本公开的实施例也可以用于齿弓收缩情况。例如,在方法实施例中,方法可以包括形成牙科矫正器的方法,包括:针对治疗计划的阶段,使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第一虚拟齿弓元件,其中,齿弓元件比患者的第一颌的多个牙齿的齿弓宽度窄;以及形成连接于齿弓元件的一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构,并且其中,每个结构均与虚拟牙齿的表面接触,并且向其施加虚拟的力。在如附图所示的各种实施例中,牙齿接合结构可以构造和布置成施加力以或者定位地或者定向地或者二者兼具地移动牙齿,与此同时,矫正器调整(即,扩展或收缩)患者的腭。
本公开的实施例的其他益处可以包括但不限于:齿弓形状控制,其中矫正器有结构完整性,以修改或控制上颌骨或下颌骨形状。使用上下矫正器组使得能够在任一个或两个齿弓中对齐齿弓形状。除了其它益处之外,实施例还可以提供结构完整性以在患者成熟时增强和控制生长。
虽然本文已经图示和描述了具体实施例,但是本领域普通技术人员将理解,被算为实现相同技术的任何布置可以代替所示的具体实施例。本公开旨在覆盖本公开的各种实施例的任何和所有修改或变化。
应当理解,上述描述是以说明性的方式进行的,而不是限制性的。上述实施例的组合以及本文中未具体描述的其它实施例对于本领域技术人员在查看上述描述时将是显而易见的。本公开的各种实施例的范围包括使用上述结构和方法的任何其他应用。因此,本公开的各种实施例的范围应当参考所附权利要求以及这些权利要求所赋予的等同物的全部范围来确定。
在前面的详细描述中,为了简化本公开,在附图中示出的示例实施例中将各种特征组合在一起。本公开的方法不应被解释为反映本公开的实施例需要比每个权利要求中明确记载的特征更多的特征的意图。
相反,如以下权利要求所反映的,发明主题在于少于单个公开的实施例的所有特征。因此,所附权利要求被并入具体实施方式中,其中每个权利要求自身作为单独的实施例。

Claims (23)

1.一种矫正器,包括:
由第一材料形成的可移除壳体,所述可移除壳体中形成有多个腔体,其中,所述多个腔体被成形为收纳患者的牙齿;以及
齿弓元件,该齿弓元件在舌侧方向上并且跨越所述可移除壳体的齿弓宽度的至少一部分而从所述可移除壳体延伸,其中,所述齿弓元件被设计为扩展所述患者的所述牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述齿弓元件具有针对治疗计划的阶段的宽度;
其中,所述齿弓元件由所述第一材料和第二材料形成,该第二材料在至少一种材料性质方面与所述第一材料不同,并且其中,所述第二材料比所述第一材料更具弹性;并且
其中,所述齿弓元件是第一齿弓元件并且能够从所述壳体卸下,使得所述壳体能够在没有所述齿弓元件的情况下用于所述患者的口腔;并且
其中,所述齿弓元件的所述第一材料能够形成第一层,并且所述齿弓元件的所述第二材料能够形成第二层,并且所述第一层与所述可移除壳体一体地形成,并且所述第二层装接到所述第一层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的矫正器,其中,所述齿弓元件的宽度比所述患者的所述牙齿的齿弓宽度宽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的矫正器,其中,所述齿弓元件的至少一部分具有波纹表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的矫正器,其中,所述齿弓元件是第一齿弓元件,并且能够从所述壳体分离,使得所述壳体能够在没有所述齿弓元件的情况下用于所述患者的口腔中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的矫正器,其中,第二齿弓元件能够代替所述第一齿弓元件被固定至所述壳体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的矫正器,其中,所述第二齿弓元件具有与所述第一齿弓元件不同的物理特性。
7.根据权利要求5所述的矫正器,其中,所述第二齿弓元件具有与所述壳体不同的物理特性,并且其中,所述不同的物理特性从下述组中选择,所述组包括:刚性、弹性、颜色以及厚度属性。
8.一种矫正器,包括:
由材料片形成的齿弓元件,该齿弓元件被成形为跨越患者的腭的表面的至少一部分,其中,所述齿弓元件被设计为扩展所述患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述齿弓元件具有针对治疗计划的阶段的宽度;以及
一个以上的牙齿接合结构,并且其中,每个结构与牙齿的表面或者所述患者的齿龈的表面中的至少一者接触,并且向该至少一者施加力,
其中,所述齿弓元件由第一材料和第二材料形成,该第二材料在至少一种材料性质方面与所述第一材料不同,并且其中,所述第二材料比所述第一材料更具弹性;并且
所述齿弓元件的所述第一材料能够形成第一层,并且所述齿弓元件的所述第二材料能够形成第二层,并且所述第一层与所述一个以上的牙齿接合结构一体地形成,并且所述第二层装接到所述第一层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的矫正器,其中,所述一个以上的牙齿接合结构是形成有多个腔体的可移除壳体,其中,所述多个腔体成形为收纳患者的牙齿。
10.根据权利要求8所述的矫正器,其中,所述牙齿接合结构沿着牙齿的至少一个侧表面的一部分延伸。
11.根据权利要求8所述的矫正器,其中,所述牙齿接合结构围绕牙齿的侧表面延伸,以包围所述牙齿。
12.根据权利要求8所述的矫正器,其中,所述牙齿接合结构被构造且布置为在所述矫正器正在扩展患者的腭的同时施加力,以定位或定向地移动牙齿。
13.一种牙科矫正器系统,包括:
被设计为渐进地实施治疗计划的一系列矫正器之中的第一矫正器,该第一矫正器包括:
由材料片形成的第一齿弓元件,该齿弓元件被成形为跨越患者的腭的表面的至少一部分,其中,所述第一齿弓元件被设计为扩展所述患者的牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述第一齿弓元件具有针对所述治疗计划的第一阶段的宽度;以及
一个以上的牙齿接合结构,并且其中,每个结构与牙齿的表面或者所述患者的齿龈的表面中的至少一者接触,并且向该至少一者施加力;
其中,所述第一齿弓元件由第一材料和第二材料形成,该第二材料在至少一种材料性质方面与所述第一材料不同,并且其中,所述第二材料比所述第一材料更具弹性;并且
所述第一齿弓元件的所述第一材料能够形成第一层,并且所述第一齿弓元件的所述第二材料能够形成第二层,并且所述第一层与所述一个以上的牙齿接合结构一体地形成,并且所述第二层装接到所述第一层;以及
所述一系列矫正器之中的第二矫正器,该第二矫正器包括:
第二齿弓元件,该第二齿弓元件被成形为跨越患者的腭的表面的至少一部分,其中,所述第二齿弓元件被设计为扩展所述患者的所述牙齿的齿弓,其中,所述第二齿弓元件具有针对所述治疗计划的第二阶段的宽度;以及
一个以上的牙齿接合结构,并且其中,每个结构与牙齿的表面或者所述患者的齿龈的表面中的至少一者接触,并且向该至少一者施加力,
其中,所述第二齿弓元件由第一材料和第二材料形成,该第二材料在至少一种材料性质方面与所述第一材料不同,并且其中,所述第二材料比所述第一材料更具弹性;并且
所述第二齿弓元件的所述第一材料能够形成第一层,并且所述第二齿弓元件的所述第二材料能够形成第二层,并且所述第一层与所述一个以上的牙齿接合结构一体地形成,并且所述第二层装接到所述第一层。
14.根据权利要求13所述的牙科矫正器系统,其中,所述第二齿弓元件具有与所述第一齿弓元件不同的物理特性,并且其中,所述不同的物理特性从下述组中选择,所述组包括:刚性、弹性、颜色以及以厚度属性。
15.根据权利要求13所述的牙科矫正器系统,其中,所述第一矫正器被设计为重定位第一颌的多个牙齿,同时所述第一齿弓元件扩展所述第一颌的牙齿的齿弓。
16.一种形成牙科矫正器的方法,包括:
针对治疗计划的阶段,使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第一虚拟齿弓元件,其中,所述第一虚拟齿弓元件由材料片形成并且比所述患者的第一颌的所述多个牙齿的齿弓宽度宽;以及
形成连接于所述第一虚拟齿弓元件的一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构,其中,每个结构与虚拟牙齿的表面接触,并且向所述虚拟牙齿施加虚拟力,
其中,所述第一虚拟齿弓元件由第一材料和第二材料形成,该第二材料在至少一种材料性质方面与所述第一材料不同,并且其中,所述第二材料比所述第一材料更具弹性;并且
所述第一虚拟齿弓元件的所述第一材料能够形成第一层,并且所述第一虚拟齿弓元件的所述第二材料能够形成第二层,并且所述第一层与所述一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构一体地形成,并且所述第二层装接到所述第一层。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,形成一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构包括形成可移除壳体,该可移除壳体包括形成在该可移除壳体中的多个腔体,其中,所述多个腔体被成形为分别收纳所述患者的一个以上的牙齿。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:
使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第二虚拟齿弓元件,其中,所述第二虚拟齿弓元件根据所述治疗计划的第二阶段相应地向一个以上的牙齿施加力,并且利用所述第二虚拟齿弓元件替换所述第一虚拟齿弓元件。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:
使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第二虚拟齿弓元件,其中,所述第二虚拟齿弓元件根据所述治疗计划的第二阶段相应地向一个以上的牙齿施加力;以及
使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成连接于所述第二虚拟齿弓元件的一个以上的第二虚拟牙齿接合结构,其中,所述一个以上的第二虚拟牙齿接合结构根据所述治疗计划的第二阶段相应地使一个以上的牙齿移动。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括,其中,在形成根据治疗计划的第二阶段相应地移动一个以上的牙齿的所述一个以上的第二虚拟牙齿接合结构之前,基于由所述第一虚拟齿弓元件和一个以上的第一虚拟牙齿接合结构施加的一个以上的估算力所实现的患者的齿弓移动,计算所述牙齿的位置。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,还包括,其中,所述方法还包括:基于由所述第一虚拟齿弓元件和所述一个以上的第一虚拟牙齿接合结构施加的所述一个以上的估算力所实现的所述患者的计算的齿弓移动,定义两个虚拟牙齿之间或者一个虚拟牙齿与患者口腔的另一特征之间的空间;以及设计所述第二虚拟牙齿接合结构以维持定义的所述空间。
22.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:基于所述虚拟齿弓元件和连接于所述齿弓元件的一个以上的物理牙齿接合结构形成物理齿弓元件,并且其中,每个结构均与患者的虚拟牙齿的表面接触,并且向该表面施加虚拟力。
23.一种形成牙科矫正器的方法,包括:
针对治疗计划的阶段,使用患者的腭和多个牙齿的物理数据形成第一虚拟齿弓元件,其中,所述齿弓元件由材料片形成并且比所述患者的第一颌的所述多个牙齿的齿弓宽度窄;以及
形成连接于所述齿弓元件的一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构,其中,各个结构与虚拟牙齿的表面接触,并且向所述虚拟牙齿施加虚拟力,
其中,所述第一虚拟齿弓元件由第一材料和第二材料形成,该第二材料在至少一种材料性质方面与所述第一材料不同,并且其中,所述第二材料比所述第一材料更具弹性;并且
所述第一虚拟齿弓元件的所述第一材料能够形成第一层,并且所述第一虚拟齿弓元件的所述第二材料能够形成第二层,并且所述第一层与所述一个以上的虚拟牙齿接合结构一体地形成,并且所述第二层装接到所述第一层。
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