CN107312039B - 一种替诺福韦前药的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种替诺福韦前药的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107312039B CN107312039B CN201710515347.3A CN201710515347A CN107312039B CN 107312039 B CN107312039 B CN 107312039B CN 201710515347 A CN201710515347 A CN 201710515347A CN 107312039 B CN107312039 B CN 107312039B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种替诺福韦前药的制备方法。具体而言,本发明涉及一种如通式(I)所示的化合物的制备方法,其中通式(I)中的各取代基的定义与说明书中的定义相同。
Description
本申请是中国专利申请号为201310041647.4,发明名称为“一种替诺福韦前药及其在医药上的应用”,申请日为2013年2月1日的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及药物合成领域,具体涉及一种替诺福韦前药的制备方法。
背景技术
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus)是指引起人类急性肝炎和慢性肝炎的DNA病毒,简称HBV。由于HBV感染直接导致人类严重的肝脏疾病,包括肝硬化和肝细胞癌,因此,乙型肝炎是人类健康的一大威胁。乙型肝炎病毒DNA(脱氧核糖核酸),是乙肝病毒的核心物质和病毒复制的基础,核苷类化合物可通过直接竞争性地与天然脱氧核糖底物相结合而抑制病毒聚合酶,及通过插入DNA中终止DNA链,因此核苷类化合物是治疗乙型肝炎的主要药物,其中包括,西多福韦、阿德福韦、拉米夫定以及替诺福韦(tenofovir)等。替诺福韦是一种新型核苷酸类逆转录酶抑制剂,可有效对抗多种病毒,用于治疗病毒感染性疾病。由于替诺福韦在生理pH条件下为双负离子的膦酸基团,故替诺福韦不易透过细胞膜吸收,生物利用度很低,并且还存在剂量依赖性肾毒性,限制了其治疗作用,因此必须通过酯化、成盐等手段制成膦酸酯前药才能用于临床。例如,富马酸替诺福韦酯(Tenofovir disoproxilfumarate)是吉里德科学公司(Gilead Science)研发的第一代口服有效的替诺福韦前药,用于治疗艾滋病感染和乙型肝炎。
由于富马酸替诺福韦酯对由血清酶介导的水解反应高度敏感,不能有效增加作用部位药物浓度,同时在代谢过程释放两当量的具有潜在毒性的甲醛,在临床治疗过程中发现乳酸性酸中毒,严重的肝肿大,以及脂肪代谢障碍等副作用。为了提高替诺福韦前药在血浆中的稳定性,降低其代谢产物-替诺福韦在血浆中的浓度从而降低药物毒性,许多制药公司正在进行研究和开发新一代替诺福韦前药,并已取得了一些成果,有的新型前药已处在I/II临床研究阶段,例如,WO0208241披露了一类用天然氨基酸(单取代)合成的替诺福韦磷酰胺酯前药(例如,GS-7340),WO2009105513公开了一类新型替诺福韦磷酸双酰胺前药,与替诺福韦磷酸双酯相比,此类新型前药增加了血浆中的稳定性,从而增加了外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中活性代谢物替诺福韦的累积浓度,提高了治疗效果,例如,GS-7340与替诺福韦酯和替诺福韦相比,GS-7340在PBMCs中产生的活性成分替诺福韦总浓度为替诺福韦酯和替诺福韦的10倍和30倍。然而,GS-7340在血浆中还有一定程度的降解,在血浆中可检测到1-2%的代谢产物-替诺福韦,从而不可避免地存在像替诺福韦酯所产生的毒副作用,导致药物使用的安全性存在问题。因此,进一步研究开发具有高疗效低毒性的替诺福韦前药具有重要意义。本发明从进一步提高替诺福韦前药在血浆中的稳定性设计理念出发,利用双取代氨基酸合成了一系列替诺福韦磷酰胺酯前药,该类前药一方面在血浆中非常稳定,在血浆中完全没有检测到代谢产物-替诺福韦,另一方面,与GS-7340相比,外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中活性代谢物替诺福韦的浓度显著增加,从而有可能提供一类提高疗效减低毒副作用的新型替诺福韦前药。
发明内容
发明人意外地发现了一些与现有技术相比药效更高而副作用大幅降低的化合物,与GS-7340相比,本发明化合物在血浆中足够稳定,其代谢产物-替诺福韦在血浆中完全检测不到,而其在PBMCs中的浓度反而大大提高了,这样的结果完全出乎本领域技术人员预料之外。
本发明涉及一种如通式(I)所示的化合物或其异构体、可药用盐、水合物或溶剂化物,
其中:
R1,R2分别为C1-6烷基,或者R1、R2与所连的碳原子形成C3-7环烷基;
R3是氢或C1-6烷基、取代或非取代的C6-10芳基或6至10元杂芳基;
Ar为取代或非取代的C6-10芳基或6至10元杂芳基。
本发明所述通式(I)所示的化合物可作为替诺福韦的前药,该类前药在血浆中稳定,而且在外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中的活性代谢物替诺福韦的浓度与GS-7340相比显著提高。
所述的如通式(I)所示的化合物中磷原子具有手性,其构型是S-或R-构型,或者是S-构型和R-构型的混合物。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,如通式(I)所示的化合物或其异构体、可药用盐、水合物或溶剂化物中,所述异构体包括互变异构体、顺反异构体、构象异构体、内消旋化合物和具有对映或非对映关系的光学异构体。
在本发明的优选的具体实施方案中公开了具有如下的结构的化合物,但本发明的如通式(I)所示的化合物不仅限于以下结构:
在本发明的优选的具体实施方案中进一步公开了具有如下的结构的手性化合物,但本发明的如通式(I)所示的化合物不仅限于以下结构:
本发明的如通式(I)所示的化合物可经如下方法制备得到:
其中,如通式(II)所示的化合物可通过中国专利ZL01813161.1中提供的方法制备,也可通过本领域的其它常规方法使用替诺福韦制备得到。
手性异构体(I1)可以通过对异构体混合物(I’)的反相柱分离或手性柱分离得到。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其含有如通式(I)所示的化合物或其异构体、可药用盐、水合物或溶剂化物与药学上可接受载体,其中药学上可接受载体可以选自注射用水、冻干粉剂辅料或口服制剂辅料。
本发明另一方面还涉及如通式(I)所示的化合物或其异构体、可药用盐、水合物或溶剂化物或前述的药物组合物在制备治疗病毒感染性疾病的药物中的用途,优选在制备治疗乙型肝炎或乙肝病毒引起的疾病的药物中的用途。
除非有相反陈述,本发明中的术语具有下列的含义:
“烷基”指饱和的脂族烃基团,包括1至6个碳原子的直链和支链基团。非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基等。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代。
“环烷基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,其包括3至7个碳原子。单环环烷基的非限制性实例包含环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环庚三烯基等。多环环烷基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的环烷基。环烷基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基。
“芳基”指6至10元全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,具有共轭的π电子体系的多环(即其带有相邻对碳原子的环)基团,例如苯基和萘基。芳基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基。
“杂芳基”是指包含1、2、3或4个杂原子,6至10个环原子的杂芳族体系,优选5至6个环原子,其中杂原子包括氧、硫和氮;例如吡啶基、嘧啶基等。“杂芳基”可以是任选取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例详细地解释本发明,使得本领域技术人员更全面地理解本专利,具体实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并不以任何方式限定本发明。
实施例1
步骤1:
在0℃下,向苯酚(5g)和三乙胺(10.1mL)的二氯甲烷(150mL)溶液中,滴加三甲基氯硅烷(6.0g),滴加结束后,升温至20℃,搅拌反应18小时。滤去白色固体,用二氯甲烷洗涤固体。合并滤液,蒸除溶剂后,得到无色油状苯氧基三甲基硅烷4.2g。
步骤2:
在70℃下,向替诺福韦(1g,从苏州汉德森医药科技有限公司购买)的环丁砜(2.5mL)混浊液中,滴加和DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(0.73g),升温至100℃,混合物在100℃下继续反应1.5小时至混合物全部澄清,快速加入苯氧基三甲基硅烷(0.70g),混合物在100℃下反应1.5小时后,减压蒸除溶剂,得到粘稠状黄色油状液体,甲醇溶解后,用45%的氢氧化钾水溶液调节pH至3,过滤,干燥得到白色粉末状固体IIa 0.7g。MS(m/z)363.96(MH+).
步骤3:
在60℃下,向化合物IIa(600mg)的环丁砜(1mL)混合物中加入DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(343mg),混合物在60℃下搅拌反应30分钟至溶解澄清。在0℃下将上述溶液加到氨基酸酯IIIa(750mg,从上海达瑞精细化学品有限公司购买)和二异丙胺(452mg)的二氯甲烷(7mL)溶液中。升温至20℃反应2小时,依次用5%磷酸二氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸除溶剂得黄色油状粗产物,经柱层析纯化后,得到油状液体产物Ia150mg。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(m,1H),8.05(m,1H),7.36~6.95(m,5H),6.49(b,2H),6.22~5.84(m,1H),5.01(m,1H),4.42(m,1H),4.40~3.60(m,3H),1.52~1.18(m,15H).MS(m/z)491.13(MH+).
手性化合物Ia1和Ia2的制备:
方法一:非手性柱制备:
粗产物Ia(150mg)经HPLC制备分离(制备柱:Waters Symmetry C18,流动相:A:0.02%磷酸水溶液;B:甲醇)后得到50mg化合物Ia1(保留时间:50.65min):MS(m/z)491.17(MH+)和61mg化合物Ia2(保留时间:47.57min):MS(m/z)491.10(MH+).
方法二:手性柱制备:
粗产物Ia(150mg)经HPLC制备分离(制备柱:Chiralpak AS-H,流动相:A:正己烷;B:乙醇)后得到62mg化合物Ia1(保留时间:6.53min)和78mg化合物Ia2(保留时间:6.11min)。
实施例2
在60℃下,向IIa(600mg)的环丁砜(1mL)混合物中加入DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(343mg),混合物在60℃下搅拌反应30分钟至溶解澄清。在0℃下,将上述溶液加到氨基酸酯IIIb(760mg,从上海达瑞精细化学品有限公司购买)和二异丙胺(452mg)的二氯甲烷(7mL)溶液中。升温至20℃反应2小时,依次用5%磷酸二氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸除溶剂,得黄色油状粗产物,经柱层析纯化后,得到油状液体产物Ib 221mg。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.38(m,1H),8.01(m,1H),7.34~6.95(m,5H),6.48~6.18(m,1H),5.84(b,2H),5.01~4.82(m,1H),4.42(m,1H),4.20~3.60(m,5H),2.68(m,1H),1.41~1.10(m,12H).
粗产物Ib(100mg)经HPLC制备分离(制备柱:Chiralpak AS-H,流动相:A:正己烷;B:乙醇)后得到35mg化合物Ib1。MS(m/z)489.26(MH+).
实施例3
步骤1:
在0℃下,向对氯苯酚(5g)和三乙胺(10.8mL)的二氯甲烷(150mL)溶液中,滴加三甲基氯硅烷(6.3g),滴加结束后,升温至20℃,搅拌反应18小时。蒸除溶剂后,得到无色油状对氯苯氧基三甲基硅烷5.1g。
步骤2:
在70℃下,向替诺福韦(1g)的环丁砜(2.5mL)混浊液中,滴加DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(0.73g),升温至100℃,混合物在100℃下继续反应1.5小时至混合物全部澄清,加入对氯苯氧基三甲基硅烷(0.77g),混合物在100℃下反应1.5小时后,减压蒸除溶剂,得到粘稠状黄色油状液体,加甲醇溶解(2mL)后,于0℃用45%的氢氧化钾水溶液调节pH至3,过滤,干燥得到白色粉末状固体IIc 800mg。MS(m/z)398.05(MH+).
步骤3:
在60℃下,向IIc(600mg)的环丁砜(1mL)混合物中加入DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(343mg),混合物在60℃下搅拌反应30分钟至溶解澄清。在0℃下,将上述溶液加到氨基酸酯IIIa(731mg)和二异丙胺(452mg)的二氯甲烷(7mL)溶液中。升温至20℃反应2小时,依次用5%磷酸二氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸除溶剂,得一黄色油状粗产物,经柱层析纯化后得到油状液体产物Ic 121mg。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.35(m,1H),8.01(m,1H),7.28(m,1H),7.22(m,1H),7.15~7.13(m,1H),6.94(m,1H),5.88(b,2H),5.07(m,2H),4.42(m,1H),4.21(m,1H),3.90~3.81(m,2H),3.71~3.54(m,1H),1.56~1.24(m,15H).
粗产物Ic(70mg)经HPLC制备分离(制备柱:Chiralpak AS-H,流动相:A:正己烷;B:乙醇)后得到21mg化合物Ic1。MS(m/z)525.26(MH+).
实施例4
步骤1:
在0℃下,向对甲氧基苯酚(5g)和三乙胺(10.8mL)的二氯甲烷(150mL)溶液中,滴加三甲基氯硅烷(6.3g),升温至20℃搅拌反应18小时。蒸除溶剂后,得到无色油状对甲氧苯氧基三甲基硅烷4.7g。
步骤2:
在70℃下,向替诺福韦(1g)的环丁砜(2.5mL)混浊液中,滴加和DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(0.73g),升温至100℃,混合物在100℃下继续反应1.5小时至混合物全部澄清,加对甲氧苯氧基三甲基硅烷(0.75g),混合物在100℃下反应1.5小时后,减压蒸除溶剂,得到粘稠状黄色油状液体,加甲醇溶解(2mL)后,于0℃用45%的氢氧化钾水溶液调节pH至3,过滤,干燥得到白色粉末状固体IId 600mg。MS(m/z)394.11(MH+).
步骤3:
在60℃下,向IId(300mg)的环丁砜(1mL)混合物中加DMF(0.1mL)和二氯亚砜(181mg,1.52mmol),混合物在60℃下搅拌反应30分钟至溶解澄清。在0℃下将上述溶液加到氨基酸酯IIIa(386mg)和二异丙胺(343mg)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中。升温至20℃,反应2小时,依次用5%磷酸二氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸除溶剂,得黄色油状粗产物,经柱层析纯化后得到油状液体产物Id 40mg。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.35(m,1H),8.04(m,1H),7.12~6.85(m,4H),5.86(b,2H),5.06(m,1H),4.42(m,1H),4.18(m,1H),4.08~3.94(m,3H),3.82(m,3H),3.77~3.61(m,1H),1.55~1.17(m,15H).
粗产物Id(30mg)经HPLC制备分离(制备柱:Chiralpak AS-H,流动相:A:正己烷;B:乙醇)后得到12mg化合物Id1。MS(m/z)521.23(MH+).
实施例5
按合成化合物Ic和Ic1类似的方法,合成了化合物Ie和Ie1。
Ie:1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.27(m,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.96(m,1H),7.84(m,1H),7.62(m,1H),7.52~7.33(m,4H),5.78(b,2H),5.04~4.98(m,1H),4.38~3.71(m,6H),1.57~1.06(m,15H).
Ie1:MS(m/z)541.11.
实施例6
按合成化合物Ic和Ic1类似的方法,合成了化合物If和If1。
If:1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(m,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.81~7.66(m,4H),7.49~7.41(m,2H),7.31~7.06(m,1H),5.72(b,2H),5.06~4.99(m,1H),4.43~4.35(m,1H),4.19~3.91(m,4H),3.74~3.65(m,1H),1.57~1.20(m,15H).
If1:MS(m/z)541.10.
实施例7
按合成化合物Ic和Ic1类似的方法,合成了化合物Ih和Ih1。
Ih:1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(m,1H),7.95(m,1H),7.00~6.95(m,3H),5.83(b,2H),5.05~4.99(m,2H),4.35~4.31(m,1H),4.23~4.17(m,1H),4.01~3.83(m,3H),3.80~3.77(m,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.31(s,3H),1.33~1.19(m,15H).
Ih1:MS(m/z)519.15.
实施例8
按合成化合物Ic和Ic1类似的方法,合成了化合物Ii和Ii1。
Ii:1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.36(m,1H),8.00(m,1H),7.17(m,1H),7.02(m,1H),6.97(m,2H),5.71(b,2H),5.06(m,1H),4.43(m,1H),4.20(m,1H),4.06~3.84(m,3H),3.72~3.61(m,1H),1.56~1.22(m,15H).
Ii1:MS(m/z)509.25.
实施例9
按合成化合物Ic和Ic1类似的方法,合成了化合物Ij和Ij1。
Ij:1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(m,1H),8.06(s,1H),7.58(m,2H),7.52(m,2H),5.89(b,2H),5.02~4.96(m,1H),4.43~4.36(m,2H),4.04~3.91(m,4H),1.58~1.23(m,15H).
IJ1:MS(m/z)559.08.
实施例10:Ia1富马酸盐的制备
在20℃下,向一个单口烧瓶中依次加入化合物Ia1(480mg),富马酸(120mg)和乙腈,升温到60℃并在此温度下搅拌直至固体全部溶解,继续搅拌5分钟,冷却至20℃,过滤,得白色颗粒状固体Ia1富马酸盐490mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ7.21(m,2H),7.11(m,1H),6.67(m,2H),6.57(s,2H),4.77(m,1H),4.29(m,1H),4.17(m,1H),4.06(m,1H),3.93(m,1H),1.07(m,6H),1.21(m,9H).
实施例11:抗病毒实验
1、体外抗乙型肝炎病毒活性研究
以HepG 2.2.15细胞为乙型肝炎病毒载体,测定化合物抑制乙型肝炎病毒进行DNA复制的能力。
测试方法:HepG 2.2.15细胞种96孔培养板,24小时后按不同稀释度分别加入样品及阳性对照药,同时设细胞对照孔,加药72小时后分别更换含不同稀释浓度样品的培养液,于加药后第6天分别收集细胞上清及2.2.15细胞,采用点杂交的方法检测细胞中HBV DNA复制程度,计算IC50(结果见表1)。
2、细胞毒性试验
测试方法:HepG 2.2.15细胞种96孔培养板,按不同稀释度分别加入样品及阳性对照药,于加药后第6天加CellTiter-Blue(Promega,Catalog#G8081),使用Flexstation 3仪测得荧光读数,计算CC50(结果见表1)。
表1、各化合物的HBV抑制率和细胞毒性结果
阳性对照药使用的是中国授权专利ZL01813161.1的实施例2和实施例3中公开的化合物GS-7171和GS-7340,其中GS-7171可拆分成两个非对映异构体GS-7340和GS-7339,GS7340药效更佳。
3.实验结论
实验结果显示化合物Ia1、Ib1、Ic1、Id1、Ie1、If1、Ih1、Ii1和Ij1对乙型肝炎病毒DNA复制具有强烈的抑制作用,但没有细胞毒性,其中化合物Ia1、Ic1、Id1、Ie1、If1、Ih1、Ii1和Ij1对乙型肝炎病毒DNA复制的抑制作用优于阳性化合物GS7340。
实施例12:酸性介质和模拟胃液中的稳定性试验
1、试剂和原料以及来源
名称 | 含量 | 厂家 |
胃蛋白酶 | 1:3000倍 | 上海润捷化学试剂有限公司 |
HCl | 36% | 江苏强盛化工有限公司 |
醋酸铵 | 98.0% | 国药集团化学试剂有限公司 |
GS-7340 | 98.7% | 上海源力生物技术有限公司合成 |
Ia1 | 98.7% | 上海源力生物技术有限公司合成 |
2、试剂的配制
2.1盐酸溶液(pH 2.0)
精密量取4.5mL 36%盐酸到1L容量瓶中,加水至刻度,摇匀备用,标示为储备液。再精密量取10mL上述溶液至50mL的容量瓶中,加水至刻度,摇匀,测量pH为2.0,标示为盐酸溶液。
2.2模拟胃液(pH 2.0)
精密量取储备液10mL至50mL容量瓶中,再精确称取500.0mg的胃蛋白酶至50mL容量瓶中,加水至刻度,超声溶解(此时溶液不澄清),过滤既得澄清溶液。标示为模拟胃液。
2.3样品溶液的配制
2.3.1GS-7340盐酸溶液
精密称取5.0mg GS-7340到5mL容量瓶中,先加2.5mL异丙醇至容量瓶中,振摇溶解,然后加盐酸溶液(pH 2.0)至刻度。振荡摇匀,过滤备用。
2.3.2GS-7340模拟胃液溶液
精密称取5.0mg GS-7340到5mL容量瓶中,先加2.5mL异丙醇至容量瓶中,振摇溶解,然后加模拟胃液至刻度。振荡摇匀,过滤备用。
2.3.3Ia1盐酸溶液
精密称取5.0mg Ia1到5mL容量瓶中,先加2.5mL异丙醇至容量瓶中,振摇溶解,然后加盐酸溶液(pH 2.0)至刻度。振荡摇匀,过滤备用。
2.3.4Ia1模拟胃液溶液
精密称取5.0mg Ia1到5mL量瓶中,先加2.5mL异丙醇至容量瓶中,振摇溶解,然后加模拟胃液至刻度。振荡摇匀,过滤备用。
2.4样品溶液的取样
把配制好的样品装入进样小瓶后马上进样,作为初始样品。与此同时把剩余的样品马上放入已达到和处于稳定37度的恒温箱里,6.0小时后取样进高效液相。
化合物Ia1和GS-7340在酸介质和模拟胃液中的稳定性结果见表2。
表2、化合物Ia1和GS-7340在酸介质和模拟胃液中的稳定性结果
3、实验结论
实验结果表明,与用单取代氨基酸制得的替诺福韦磷酰胺酯前药(GS-7340)相比,用双取代氨基酸制得的替诺福韦磷酰胺酯前药(Ia1)在酸介质和模拟胃液中的稳定性显著提高。
实施例13:替诺福韦前药在新鲜人全血中的代谢稳定性和在PBMCs细胞中的分布试验
1、材料
化合物:化合物Ia1和GS-7340
2、试验方法
在37℃条件下,将不同替诺福韦前药和新鲜人全血共同孵育,分别在孵育1小时、2小时后分离血浆和PBMC细胞(Ficoll密度梯度离心法),测定血浆和PBMCs细胞中药物原形及代谢物替诺福韦的浓度,细胞计数仪计算PBMCs细胞,并以每个PBMC细胞为200fL计算细胞内药物浓度。
3、血浆/PBMC样品处理
向100μL血浆样品或PBMC样品中分别加入20μL内标溶液(400ng/mL SN-38溶液),5.0μL甲醇-水(50:50,v/v)和200μL乙腈,涡流混匀1min,离心5min(14000rpm)。取20μL上清液和180μl流动相混匀,涡流1min,取10μL进行LC/MS/MS分析。
替诺福韦前药在新鲜人全血中的代谢稳定性和在PBMCs细胞中的分布结果见表3。
表3、替诺福韦前药在新鲜人全血中的代谢稳定性和在PBMCs细胞中的分布结果
注:PAMA为前药的活性代谢产物-替诺福韦
4、实验结论
从表3可以看出,阳性对照物GS-7340在与新鲜人全血共同孵育后,在血浆中检测到一定量的活性代谢产物-替诺福韦,并且随着孵育时间的延长,在血浆中所释放的活性代谢产物-替诺福韦成倍增长,而本发明的化合物Ia1在与新鲜人全血共同孵育后,完全没有检测到活性代谢产物-替诺福韦,并且即使随着孵育时间的延长,在血浆中始终也未检测到活性代谢产物-替诺福韦,说明化合物Ia1在血浆中的稳定性显著优于阳性对照物GS-7340,因此,与阳性对照物GS-7340相比,本发明的化合物Ia1在降低因血浆中代谢生产替诺福韦所产生的毒副作用方面具有显著的优越性。
从表3还可以看出,随着孵育时间的延长,本发明化合物Ia1在外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中的活性代谢产物-替诺福韦的浓度显著增大,而GS-7340在外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中的活性代谢产物-替诺福韦的浓度基本上不随孵育时间的延长而增加。本发明化合物Ia1经2小时孵育后在外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中的活性代谢产物-替诺福韦的浓度大约是阳性对照物GS-7340的三倍。因此,与阳性对照物GS-7340相比,本发明的化合物Ia1在疗效方面也具有显著的优越性。
由于已根据其特殊的实施方案描述了本发明,某些修饰和等价变化对于精通本领域的技术人员是显而易见的且包括在本发明的范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种如通式I所示化合物的制备方法,通式II所示化合物与通式Ⅲ所示化合物反应,通过对异构体混合物的反相柱分离或手性柱分离,得到通式I所示化合物,
其中,R1,R2分别为甲基,R3是异丙基,Ar为取代或非取代的C6-10芳基,当被取代时,取代基为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基;通式I所示化合物的磷原子具有手性,其构型是S-构型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通式I所示的化合物选自:
。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通式I所示的化合物是
。
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JP6335172B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
CA2882201A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
EP2891658A4 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
BR112015003778B1 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
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CA2882201C (en) | 2020-06-23 |
US20150225433A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
ES2635564T3 (es) | 2017-10-04 |
RU2664534C2 (ru) | 2018-08-20 |
AU2013307899A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
RU2664534C9 (ru) | 2018-09-28 |
KR20150046315A (ko) | 2015-04-29 |
CN104903334B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
CN107312039A (zh) | 2017-11-03 |
BR112015003778A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
TW201408683A (zh) | 2014-03-01 |
EP2891658A1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
RU2015109132A (ru) | 2016-10-20 |
EP2891658B1 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
CN103665043B (zh) | 2017-11-10 |
CN104903334A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
AU2013307899B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
TWI593700B (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
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