CN1805966B - 作为抗病毒核苷酸类似物的含膦酸酯基团的嘧啶化合物 - Google Patents
作为抗病毒核苷酸类似物的含膦酸酯基团的嘧啶化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1805966B CN1805966B CN2004800168859A CN200480016885A CN1805966B CN 1805966 B CN1805966 B CN 1805966B CN 2004800168859 A CN2004800168859 A CN 2004800168859A CN 200480016885 A CN200480016885 A CN 200480016885A CN 1805966 B CN1805966 B CN 1805966B
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- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 16
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 title description 7
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- -1 p-toluenesulfonyloxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004970 halomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 15
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- JSPYZDUIKDWUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-diamino-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)oxyethoxymethylphosphonic acid Chemical class CC1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1OCCOCP(O)(O)=O JSPYZDUIKDWUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cs2CO3 Substances [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- 229910018828 PO3H2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
Description
新化合物及治疗方法
发明背景
含膦酸酯基团的无环核苷酸类似物公开在例如U.S.专利4,659,825、4,808,716、4,724,233、5,142,051、5,302,585、5,208,221、5,352,786、5,356,886中,EP公开号269,947、481,214、630,381、369,409、454,427、468,119、434,450、618,214和398,231中,以及WO 95/07920、WO 94/03467和WO 96/33200中。这些专利和出版物的教导包括化合物,其中,膦酸酯基团与定义的嘌呤或嘧啶碱基相连,通常分别在嘧啶或嘌呤碱基的1-或9-位,经由2-(甲氧基)丙基、2-(甲氧基)乙基、2-甲氧基-3-羟丙基或2-甲氧基-3-氟丙基相连,分别称作PMP、PME、HPMP和FPMP嘌呤或嘧啶化合物。这些化合物表现出抗病毒和抑制细胞活性。
Daluge等人(第34届抗微生物剂和化学疗法内部科学会议,1994年10月4-7日)公开了卡波佛衍生物,其中,嘌呤的6位被环丙氨基、N-环丙基-N-甲氨基或N-吖丙啶基取代。
Cihlar等人,″Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy″39(1):117-124(1995)公开了N6-氨基己基-PMEDAP。
Holy等人,″ACS Symp.Ser.″401:57-71(1989)和Holy,″Kem.Ind.″38(10):457-462(1989)公开了某些N6-取代的核苷酸类似物的抗病毒活性。
其它膦酸酯取代的嘧啶类似物被Holy等人,″Collect.Czech.Chem.Commun.″64:242-256(1999)、Eger等人,″J.Med.Chem.″37:3057-3061(1994)、Wormstadt等人,″J.Heterocyclic Chem.″37:1187-1191(2000)和Franchetti等人,″Nucleosides & Nucleotides″14(3-5):607-610(1995)公开。后三篇出版物有通过2,4-二取代嘧啶的6-N取代基相连的含膦酸酯的侧链。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供具有抗病毒活性的新化合物,尤其是抗RNA或DNA病毒例如HIV、HBV或HSV。
另一个目的是提供用于制备离子交换树脂的化合物或手性介质。
还有一个目的是提供制备该化合物的中间体和方法。
进一步参考此处公开的内容将有更助于全面理解这些和其他的发明目的。
根据本发明,提供的新化合物具有式(Iaa)
其中:
R1是H、氨基、甲基硫烷基;
R2是氢、甲基、卤素、-N(R5)2、羟基、或经保护的羟基;
R3独立地是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基、或经保护的羟甲基;
R4选自:
(i)C1到C10烷基,
(ii)C2到C10链烯基,或,
(iii)C2到C10炔基,
(iv)C3-C8环烷基,
(v)芳基,
(vi)杂芳基,
(vii)C7-C14芳烷基,
(viii)杂芳烷基,
(ix)-CH2OH,
(x)-CH2OR5
(xi)-CH2C(O)R5,
(xii)-CH2R6,
(xiii)-CH2OC(O)R5
(xiv)-CH2OC(O)CH(R7)(NHR8),
(xv)-CH2NR9R10,
(xvi)-CH2CN,
(xvii)-CO2R5
(xviii)-CH2CH2OH,
(xix)-CH2CH2OR5
(xx)-CH2CH2OC(O)R5
(xxi)-CH2CH2OC(O)CH(R7)(NHR8),
(xxii)-CH2SH,
(xxiii)-C(O)H,
(xxiv)-CH2CO2R9,
(xxv)-CH2SO3H,
(xxvi)-CH2CH2SO3H,
(xxvii)-CH2CH2PO3H2,
(xxviii)-CH2CH2OCH2PO3H2,
(xxix)-CH2OPO3H2,
(xxx)-OCH2PO3H2,
(xxxi)-OH,
(xxxii)-OR10
(xxxiii)-NH2,
(xxxiv)-NR11R12,
(xxxv)-SH,
(xxxvi)-SR5,
(xxxvii)-SCN,
(xxxviii)-N3,
(xxxix)-CN,
(x1)-CONR11R12
(x1i)-CH2CONR11R12
(x1ii)-NHOH,
(x1iii)-NHOR5,
(x1iv)-NO,
(x1v)-NO2,
(x1vi)-NHNR11R12
(x1vii)2-卤代乙烯基,
(x1viii)3,3,3-三氟丙烯基,
(x1ix)C1-C10 2-(烷氧羰基)乙烯基,
(1)2-羧乙烯基,
(1i)2-氰乙烯基,
(1ii)二氟甲基,
(1iii)三氟甲基,
(1iv)2,2,2-三氟乙基,
(1v)2-卤代乙基;和
(1vi)-CH2N3;
X独立地是氧、硫或键;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;
R5独立地是H、C1-C10烷基或保护基;
R6是F、Cl、Br或I;
R7是任何未经保护或经N-保护的α-氨基酸侧链;
R8是H或-C(O)CH(R7)(NH2);
R9和R10独立地选自H、C1-C10烷基、羧烷基、氨基烷基和C2-C10链烯基,或一起形成含或不含杂原子的环;
R11和R12独立地选自H、C1到C10烷基、C3-C8环烷基、杂芳基和C7-C12芳烷基,或一起形成含或不含杂原子的环;以及
其盐和溶剂化物。
根据本发明,提供了具有式(I)的新化合物
其中,*表示手性碳原子;并且
R1是氢、氨基、甲基硫烷基;
R2是氢、甲基、卤素、-N(R5)2、羟基、或经保护的羟基;
R3独立地是甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基、或经保护的羟甲基;
R4选自:
(i)C1到C10烷基,
(ii)C2到C10链烯基,或,
(iii)C2到C10炔基,
(iv)C3-C8环烷基,
(v)芳基,
(vi)杂芳基,
(vii)C7-C14芳烷基,
(viii)杂芳烷基,
(ix)-CH2OH,
(x)-CH2OR5
(xi)-CH2C(O)R5,
(xii)-CH2R6,
(xiii)-CH2OC(O)R5
(xiv)-CH2OC(O)CH(R7)(NHR8),
(xv)-CH2NR9R10,
(xvi)-CH2CN,
(xvii)-CO2R5
(xviii)-CH2CH2OH,
(xix)-CH2CH2OR5
(xx)-CH2CH2OC(O)R5
(xxi)-CH2CH2OC(O)CH(R7)(NHR8),
(xxii)-CH2SH,
(xxiii)-C(O)H,
(xxiv)-CH2CO2R9,
(xxv)-CH2SO3H,
(xxvi)-CH2CH2SO3H,
(xxvii)-CH2CH2PO3H2,
(xxviii)-CH2CH2OCH2PO3H2,
(xxix)-CH2OPO3H2,
(xxx)-OCH2PO3H2,
(xxxi)-OH,
(xxxii)-OR10
(xxxiii)-NH2,
(xxxiv)-NR11R12,
(xxxv)-SH,
(xxxvi)-SR5,
(xxxvii)-SCN,
(xxxviii)-N3,
(xxxix)-CN,
(x1)-CONR11R12
(x1i)-CH2CONR11R12
(x1ii)-NHOH,
(x1iii)-NHOR5,
(x1iv)-NO,
(x1v)-NO2,
(x1vi)-NHNR11R12
(x1vii)2-卤代乙烯基,
(x1viii)3,3,3-三氟丙烯基,
(x1ix)C1-C10 2-(烷氧羰基)乙烯基,
(1)2-羧乙烯基,
(1i)2-氰乙烯基,
(1ii)二氟甲基,
(1iii)三氟甲基,
(1iv)2,2,2-三氟乙基,
(1v)2-卤代乙基;和
(1vi)-CH2N3;
X独立地是氧、硫、或键;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;
R5独立地是H、C1-C10烷基或保护基;
R6是F、Cl、Br或I;
R7是任何未经保护的或经N-保护的α-氨基酸侧链;
R8是H或-C(O)CH(R7)(NH2);
R9和R10独立地选自H、C1-C10烷基、羧烷基、氨基烷基、和C2-C10 链烯基,或一起形成含或不含杂原子的环;
R11和R12独立地选自H、C1到C10烷基、C3-C8环烷基、杂芳基和C7-C12芳烷基,或一起形成含或不含杂原子的环;以及
其盐和溶剂化物。
本发明的代表性化合物包括式I和式Iaa化合物,其中,R1和R2 =NH2,R3=H,X=O,并且R4=CH3、CN、CH=O、CO2H。
本发明的目的还通过式(I)和式(Iaa)化合物的制备方法来实现
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、X、Z、R5和*如上定义;
包括使式(II)化合物
其中
R1和R5如上定义;
R2是H、甲基、卤素、-N(R5)2、羟基或经保护的羟基;并且
X是O或S;
与式(III)化合物
*
Y-CH2CH(R3)-O-CH2P(O)(Z)2
(III)
其中
Z是酯或酰胺;
当R3不是H时,*表示手性碳原子;
R3是H、甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;并且
Y是离去基团
在偶极非质子溶剂中,在碱的存在下反应,生成式(I)化合物,其中,
Z是酯或酰胺;(b)任选一个或两个Z基团被转化生成式(I)化合物,其中,至少一个Z是羟基。
本发明的另一个实例是,提供了制备式(I)和式(Iaa)化合物的方法,其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
R2是-N(R5)2
R3独立地是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
R4如上定义,包括烷基、链烯基、炔基、芳烷基、环烷基、甲酰基(-CHO)、叠氮基(-N3)、氨基(-NH2)、烷氨基(-NR2)、羟基(-OH)、烷氧基(-OR)、氰基(-CN)、羧基(-COOH)、酰氨基(-NRC(O)R)、或烷氧羰基烷基;
X是氧或硫;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;
R5独立地是H、C1-C8烷基或保护基;并且
当R3不是H时,*表示手性碳原子;
包括将式(IV)化合物与胺HN(R5)2反应。
其中,化合物(IV)包括如下取代基:
R3是H、甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
X是O或S;并且
Z是酰胺或酯。
任选一个或两个Z基团被转化到式(I)化合物,其中,至少一个Z是羟基。
在另一个实例中,提供了制备式(V)化合物的方法
其中
R3是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
R5独立地是H、C1-C8烷基或保护基;
X是氧或硫;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;并且
当R3不是H时,*表示手性碳原子;
包括使化合物(IVa)
与N(R5)2在无水溶剂、碱性氢氧化物(alkali hydroxide)或碱式碳酸盐(alkali carbonate)的水溶液中反应,Z任选转化到式(V)化合物,其中,1个或2个Z基团是羟基。
在另一个实例中,提供了制备式(VI)化合物的方法
其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
R3是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;并且
当R3不是H时,*表示手性碳原子;
包括使式(VII)化合物
其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基
与式(VIII)化合物
*
HOCH2CH(R3)OCH2P(O)(Z)2
(VIII)
其中,Z是酰胺或酯
在碱的存在下反应。任选一个或两个Z基团被转化生成羟基。
在本发明的另一个实例中,提供了制备式(XIII)化合物的方法
其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
当R3不是H时,*是手性碳原子;
R2是H、氯、羟基或氨基;
R3是H、甲基、卤代甲基或羟甲基;
R4如上定义;并且
Z是酰胺或酯;
包括(a)将式(IX)化合物
其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
R2是H、氯或氨基;
与式(X)化合物:
其中
R3是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
当R3不是H时,*是手性碳原子;
R6是羟基或经保护的羟基;
或R3和R6被环缩醛或缩酮保护基相连;
在碱的存在下,不含溶剂,或在非质子溶剂的存在下反应,生成式(XI)化合物:
其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
当R3不是H时,*是手性碳原子;
R2是H、氯或氨基;并且
R3是H、甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;和
(b)使化合物(XI)与式(XII)化合物
Y-CH2P(O)(OZ)2
(XII)
其中
Y是离去基团;
Z是酰胺或酯
在碱存在下在二甲基甲酰胺或四氢呋喃中反应,生成式(XIII)化合物;和
(c)任选水解化合物(XIII)中的Z基团
以生成式(VI)化合物,其中,1或2个Z基团是羟基,并且X是氧原子。
在本发明的另一个实例中,提供了制备式(I)化合物的方法,其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
R3是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
R4如上定义;
X是氧;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;并且
当R3不是H时,*表示手性碳原子;
包括(a)使式(VI)化合物
其中
R1是H、氨基或甲基硫烷基;
R3是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基或经保护的羟甲基;
Z独立地是酯;并且
当R3不是H时,*表示手性碳原子;
与卤素在惰性溶剂中反应,生成式(I)化合物。
任选一个或两个Z基团被转化成羟基。
本发明的其它目的是通过方法来实现的,包括对有疾病(包括HIV、HBV或HSV感染)治疗需求的患者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物。
附图的简要描述
图1是显示实施例1-9的试验化合物的抗病毒活性的表格。
发明的详细描述
本发明化合物的取代基变量包括US专利第5952375号的第2-8栏中描述的取代基变量,除了此处特别指出的以外。下标和上标标识符被看作和解释为可互换的和等价的。以下约定,某些下标表示取代基的数目。
除非邻近的上下文有限定,此处所用的“烷基”指的是支链、直链或 环状的饱和烃,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、环丙基、环丁基、异丙基、正-,仲-,异-和叔-丁基、戊基、异戊基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丙基、新戊基和叔戊基。
″取代的烷基”、“取代的芳基″和″取代的芳烷基″分别指的是烷基、芳基和芳烷基中的一个或多个氢原子各自独立地被取代基取代。典型的取代基包括但并不限于-X、-R、-O-、-OR、-SR、-S-、-NR2、-NR3、=NR、-CX3、-CN、-OCN、-SCN、-N=C=O、-NCS、-NO、-NO2、=N2、-N3、NC(=O)R、-C(=O)R、-C(=O)NRR-S(=O)2O-、-S(=O)2OH、-S(=O)2R、-OS(=O)2OR、-S(=O)2NR、-S(=O)R、-OP(=O)O2RR、-P(=O)O2RR、-P(=O)(O-)2、-P(=O)(OH)2、-C(=O)R、-C(=O)X、-C(S)R、-C(O)OR、-C(O)O-、-C(S)OR、-C(O)SR、-C(S)SR、-C(O)NRR、-C(S)NRR、-C(NR)NRR,其中,各个X独立地是卤素:F、Cl、Br或I;并且各个R独立地是-H、烷基、芳基、杂环、保护基或前药部分。亚烷基、亚链烯基(alkenylene)和亚炔基(alkynylene)也可被简单取代。
此处所用的″杂环″包括Paquette,Leo A.;″Principles ofModern Heterocyclic Chemistry″(W.A.Benjamin,New York,1968),特别是第1、3、4、6、7和9章;″The Chemistry of HeterocyclicCompounds,A series of Monographs″(John Wiley & Sons,New York,1950年至今),特别是第13、14、16、19和28卷;以及J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1960)82:5566中描述的那些例子,但并不限于这些杂环。
杂环的例子包括但并不限于吡啶基、二氢吡啶基、四氢吡啶基(哌啶基)、噻唑基、四氢苯硫基、硫氧化的四氢苯硫基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、四唑基、苯并呋喃基、硫杂萘基(thianaphthalenyl)、吲哚基、indolenyl、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、哌啶基、4-哌啶酮基、吡咯烷基、2-吡咯烷酮基(pyrrolidonyl)、吡咯啉基、四氢呋喃基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、十氢喹啉基、八氢异喹啉基、吖辛因基、三嗪基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、噻吩基、噻蒽基、吡喃基、异苯并呋喃基、色烯基、呫吨基、phenoxathinyl、2H-吡咯基、异噻唑基、异 噁唑基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、中氮茚基、异吲哚基、3H-吲哚基、1H-吲唑基、嘌呤基、4H-喹嗪基、酞嗪基、萘啶基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、蝶啶基、4aH-咔唑基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、嘧啶基、邻二氮杂菲基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、呋咱基、吩噁嗪基、异苯并二氢吡喃基、苯并二氢吡喃基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、哌嗪基、二氢吲哚基、异二氢吲哚基、奎宁环基、吗啉基、噁唑烷基、苯并三唑基、苯并异噁唑基、羟吲哚基、苯并噁唑啉基和isatinoyl。
碳键合的杂环的例子包括但并不限于与吡啶的2,3,4,5或6位、哒嗪的3,4,5或6位、嘧啶的2,4,5或6位、吡嗪的2,3,5或6位、呋喃、四氢呋喃、硫代呋喃、噻吩、吡咯或四氢吡咯的2,3,4或5位、噁唑、咪唑或噻唑的2,4或5位、异噁唑、吡唑或异噻唑的3,4或5位、氮丙啶的2或3位、吖丁啶的2,3或4位、喹啉的2,3,4,5,6,7或8位或异喹啉的1,3,4,5,6,7或8位键合。更典型地,碳键合的杂环包括2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、5-吡啶基、6-吡啶基、3-哒嗪基、4-哒嗪基、5-哒嗪基、6-哒嗪基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、6-嘧啶基、2-吡嗪基、3-吡嗪基、5-吡嗪基、6-吡嗪基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基或5-噻唑基。
氮键合的杂环的例子包括但并不限于与氮丙啶、吖丁啶、吡咯、吡咯烷、2-吡咯啉、3-吡咯啉、咪唑、咪唑烷、2-咪唑啉、3-咪唑啉、吡唑、吡唑啉、2-吡唑啉、3-吡唑啉、哌啶、哌嗪、吲哚、二氢吲哚、1H-吲唑的1位,异吲哚或异二氢吲哚的2位,吗啉的4位,咔唑或β-咔啉的9位键合。更典型地,氮键合的杂环包括1-aziridyl、1-azetedyl、1-吡咯基、1-咪唑基、1-吡唑基和1-哌啶基。
式I和Ia化合物可包含不对称碳原子,因此可以存在纯对映异构体、对映异构体混合物或外消旋体。本发明范围内包括所有这些形式。此处所用的术语″R″和″S″构型如IUPAC 1974Recommendationsfor Section E,Fundamental Stereochemistry,Pure.Appl.Chem.(1976)45,13-30所定义。
此处所用的术语″C1到C10烷基″指的是含1到10个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,包括但并不限于甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1-甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、2-甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基等等。此处所用的术语″链烯基″指的是含碳-碳双键的C2到C6直链或支链碳链,包括但并不限于乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯基等等。此处所用的术语″炔基″指的是含碳-碳三键的C2到C6直链或支链碳链,包括但并不限于乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基等等。此处所用的术语″烷氧基″指的是-OR13,其中,R13是C1到C10烷基。此处所用的术语″羧烷基″指的是连有C1 到C10烷基的羧酸基团(-COOH)。此处所用的术语″烷氧羰基″指的是-C(O)R14,其中,R14是烷氧基。此处所用的术语″氨基烷基″指的是连有C1到C10烷基的氨基。此处所用的术语″卤素(halo)″或″卤素(halogen)″指的是Cl、Br、F或I。此处所用的术语″烷氨基″指的是-NHR15,其中,R15是C1到C10烷基。此处所用的术语″二烷基氨基″指的是-NR16R17,其中,R16和R17独立地选自C1到C10烷基,或它们一起形成含或不含杂原子的环。此处所用的术语″任何天然存在的氨基酸侧链″指的是与任何天然存在的氨基酸的β-碳相连的官能团,包括但并不限于氢、甲基、异丙基、羟甲基、苄基等等。此处所用的术语“芳烷基C7-C12”指的是取代的芳基甲基或2-芳基乙基。此处所用的术语″芳基”指的是苯基或萘基。此处所用的术语″杂芳基”指的是相对于芳基具有相似结构和相似性质的杂环基团。另外,杂芳基可含不同的原子,而原子数目不必相同,只要它在相同的排布里具有与芳基相同的总电子或价电子。杂芳基包括但并不限于衍生自吡咯、吡咯烷、咪唑、吡啶、嘧啶、哒嗪、喹啉、哌啶、morfoline、1,3-二氧戊环或1,4-二噁烷等中的CH或CH2基团上的氢的取代基。此处所用的“杂芳烷基”指的是通过碳原子与C1-C6烷基相连的杂环基团。此处所用的术语″N-保护基″指的是在合成过程中试图保护氮原子以免进行不需要的反应的那些基团,包括但并不限于甲酰基、乙酰基、新戊酰基、t-丁基乙酰基、三氯乙氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基(BOC)、苄氧羰基(Cbz)或苯甲酰基, 或有机合成领域的技术人员所熟知的其它氮保护基。
R3通常是H或甲基、但也可以是羟甲基(通常是(S)构型,基本不含(>90%S且<10%R)(R)构型)或卤代甲基。如果R3是甲基或卤代甲基,碳可以是基本不含(2S)构型的(2R)构型。例如卤代甲基可以是氟甲基。
如下文所进一步描述的那样,Z是以前已知的用于核苷酸膦酸酯的任何适当的酯或酰胺。当Z是酯时,它具有OR7的结构。R7通常是本身具有抗病毒活性的化合物中的H(即Z是羟基),尽管下述其它R7 酯基适合用作保护基或前药的前官能团。
当需要Z保护本发明化合物以免进行不需要的反应时,或当发明目的是提供化合物的体内前药时,Z是酯或酰胺。否则,Z是OH。
当Z=OH时,酯或酰胺被用作合成本发明化合物时的经保护的中间体。在这个实施方案中,选择酯或酰胺并不重要,这取决于所参与的反应的性质。所必需的是Z取代基不能被去除,直到合成步骤需要去除它为止,如果这从理论上不明显,它可通过基本的实验很容易作出判断。例如,酯尤其用于保护膦酸酯羟基免于烷基化。
当Z用作前药官能团时,在体内,酯或酰胺被从膦酸酯上去除。基于希望在需要前体水解时细胞内发现的酯酶和/或羧肽酶的底物特异性,合适的酯或酰胺化物前药可任选。对于这些酶的特异性未知程度,可以筛选本发明的大量核苷酸类似物,直至发现所需要的底物特异性。从游离膦酸酯或抗病毒活性的出现,这是显然的。人们通常选择这样的化合物:(i)不水解或在上消化道相对较慢地水解,(ii)能通过消化道和细胞,以及(iii)在细胞质和/或体循环中水解。对来自特定器官的细胞的筛选被用于鉴定在对靶病毒或微生物感染敏感的组织中释放的前体,例如对于肝而言,前体药物能够在肝中水解。其它感染,例如CMV或HIV,任选用在所有的组织中按基本相同的速率和基本相同的程度水解的前体来治疗。本领域已知的测定法适用于该目的,包括肠腔内稳定性、细胞渗透、肝均浆稳定性和血浆稳定性测定法。这些测定法用于测定前体的生物利用度特征。
典型的酯或酰胺取代基Z的实例公开在WO95/07920、WO98/04569和EP 481214A1中。这些出版物中(以及这些出版物中所列的优选顺序中)描述的任何酯或酰胺属或种可用作此处的Z基团。
通常地,两个Z都是羟基或两个Z都是酯和/或酰胺,即,通常2个Z基团都是羟基或者都不是。一般而言,当两个Z都不是OH时,那么一个Z是酰胺而另一个是酯。例如,含天然存在的氨基酸的酰胺和含苯基的酯。氨基酸Z基团的游离羧基可被C1-C8烷基酯化。
一般而言,Z是可直接用于抗病毒目的化合物中的羟基,即,这样的化合物可直接使用而不需要酯或酰胺的体内水解。
羟基保护基包括缩醛、缩酮或C1-C8烷基。典型的氨基保护基是三苯甲基。其它的常规保护基是已知的(Greene等人,″ProtectingGroups in Organic Synthesis,2nd Ed.1991,pp.10-142and309-405)。
实用性
本发明化合物用于治疗病毒,或者作为中间体用于制备这样的化合物。对本发明化合物敏感的待治疗或待测试的病毒感染的例子包括由DNA或RNA病毒例如疱疹病毒(CMV、HSV 1、HSV 2、EBV、水痘-带状疱疹病毒[VZV]、1型牛疱疹病毒、1型马疱疹病毒、HHV-6),乳头瘤病毒(1-55型HPV,包括致癌HPV),虫媒病毒(包括黄热病病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒和日本脑炎病毒),披膜病毒类(包括委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎病毒),流感病毒(A-C型),逆转录病毒(HIV-1、HIV-2、HTLV-I、HTLV-II、SIV、FeLV、FIV、MoMSV),腺病毒(1-8型),痘病毒类(常见正痘病毒),肠道病毒(1-3型脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、和埃可病毒),胃肠炎病毒(诺瓦克病毒、轮状病毒),汉坦病毒属(汉坦病毒),多瘤病毒属,乳多空病毒,鼻病毒属,1-4型副流感病毒,狂犬病病毒,呼吸道合胞体病毒(RSV),甲、乙、丙、戊型肝炎病毒等引起的感染。
本发明化合物包括有效治疗疱疹病毒、肝炎DNA病毒和HIV的化合物,其中,R1=NH2,R2=NH2或OH,X=O且R3=H或甲基。使用酶 抑制测定法、组织培养测定法、动物模型测定法等本领域技术人员熟知的抗病毒活性的常规测定法,测定本发明化合物的其它抗病毒活性。
本发明的新化合物本身也是有用的,或者作为中间体制备具有多种诊断、治疗和工业实用性的聚合物。
本发明化合物适合作为中间体制备含取代基的亲和力吸收介质,该介质具有从不纯的混合物中吸收化合物的性质。它们被制备,并与含相同取代基如膦酸酯或氨基的其它离子交换介质一样使用。例如,此处化合物的膦酸酯基团与不溶性基质共价结合,杂环碱基上的游离R1 氨基取代基作为离子交换部位。择一地,杂环碱基的氨基与基质相连,然后游离膦酸酯基团用于正电荷分子的色谱吸收。此处化合物的其它固定化的实施方案是用于纯化蛋白质例如本发明化合物可结合的酶,例如运输蛋白(参见Cihlar,supra)。
将本发明化合物掺入不溶性基质例如聚合树脂的合适的方法对熟练的技术人员来说是显而易见的。可将嘧啶氨基或羟基与不溶性基质共价相连来使此处的化合物固定化。类似地,使用以前已知的共价连接剂,通过将膦酸酯基团的羟基或羟甲基R3基团与基质或树脂相结合而将本发明化合物掺入不溶性树脂。合适的连接方法在Cihlar(supra)中描述。
本发明化合物也在制备亲和力吸收基质中用作交联剂或间隔剂(与先前段落中记录的本身作为亲和力部分的功能相反)。此处的化合物含有大量的适用作交联所需物质的部位的官能团。将亲和试剂例如激素、肽、抗体、酶、药物等与不溶性底物相连是常规的。这些不溶试剂按照已知的方式用于从制备的制剂、诊断样品和其它不纯的混合物中吸收物质。类似地,固定化的酶用于进行催化转化,将酶从产物中温和分离。
在某些实施方案中,不必将本发明化合物与不溶性材料交联。例如,在制备可溶性诊断试剂时,可将他们用于连接分析物与可检测基团。
利用本发明化合物的取代基的交联方法是本领域已知的。例如,膦酸用于与醇形成酯或与胺形成酰胺。类似地,氨基、卤素、羟基及嘧 啶上的其它反应部位都是合适的。当然,当聚集交联剂时,必要时要保护反应基团。一般而言,通过本发明化合物的膦酸与连接配体的羟基或氨基相连来使用本发明化合物,通过本发明化合物的其它取代基而将本发明化合物与其它结合配体共价键合。例如,第一结合配体如甾类激素被酯化成本发明的膦酸,然后,该共轭体通过R3羟甲基与溴化氰激活的琼脂糖交联,从而获得固定化的甾体。其它共轭化学是已知的。参见,例如Maggio,″Enzyme-Immunoassay″(CRC,1988,pp71-135)及其中引用的参考文献。
本发明还涉及含药学可接受赋形剂和本发明化合物的组合物。
药物制剂
本发明化合物及其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂化物(此后集中称为活性成分)被制成通过适合待治疗的病况的任何途径给药的制剂。化合物及制剂优选是无菌的。
活性成分被放到药物制剂中。兽医用或人用的制剂都含至少一种如上定义的活性成分,和一种或多种为此可接受的载体,以及任选其它治疗成分。载体必须是“可接受的”,意思是与制剂的其它成分相容,且对接受者无害。
制剂便利地呈单位制剂的形式,可用药剂学领域熟知的任何方法制备。一般而言,均匀密切地将活性成分与液体载体或细微分散的固体载体或上述二者相结合,然后如果需要的话,使产品成形来制备制剂。
适于口服给药的本发明的制剂可呈离散单位的形式,例如胶囊、扁胶囊或片剂,它们各含预定量的活性成分;粉剂或颗粒剂;水性液体或非水性液体的溶液或混悬剂;或水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂。活性成分也可制成药丸、药糖剂或糊剂。
对于眼睛或其它外部组织例如嘴和皮肤的外部感染,制剂可以是含一定量活性成分例如0.075-20%w/w(包含活性成分0.1%-20%,按0.1%w/w的增量例如0.6%w/w、0.7%w/w等),通常是0.2-15%w/w,更通常是0.5-10%w/w的局部软膏或膏霜。当制成软膏时,活性成分可采用石蜡或易与水混和的软膏基质。择一地,活性成分可制成含水包 油膏霜基质的膏霜。
如果需要的话,膏霜基质的水相可包括例如至少30%w/w的多元醇,也就是含两个或多个羟基的醇,例如丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、甘油和聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及其混合物。希望局部制剂可包含促进活性成分通过皮肤或其它受累区域吸收或渗透的化合物。这样的皮肤渗透增强剂的例子包括二甲亚砜和相关的类似物。
本发明乳剂的油相可由已知成分按已知方法构成。该相可只含乳化剂,或含至少一种乳化剂和脂肪或油、或脂肪和油的混合物。亲水乳化剂可与亲脂乳化剂一起作为稳定剂。适用于本发明制剂的乳化稳定剂包括 60, 80、十八醇十六醇混合物、苯甲醇、肉豆蔻醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯和硫酸月桂酯钠。合适的油或脂肪包括直链或支链、单-或二元烷基酯,例如二异己二酸酯、硬脂酸异鲸蜡基酯、椰子脂肪酸丙二醇二酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、油酸癸酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯或棕榈酸2-乙基己基酯。这些可单独使用或按照所需的性质联合使用。择一地,可以使用高熔点的脂质例如白凡士林和/或液体石蜡或其它矿物油。
适合于局部对眼睛给药的制剂也包括滴眼液,其中,活性成分溶于或悬浮于适当的载体中,尤其是活性成分的水溶剂中。这些制剂中的活性成分通常是重量浓度0.01-20%。
其中的载体是固体的适合于鼻腔给药的制剂包括粒径例如是20-500微米的粗粉(包括粒径是20-500微米,按5微米的增量,例如30微米、35微米等),它通过鼻道从粉剂容器中快速吸入给药。载体是液体的作为例如鼻腔喷雾或作为滴鼻剂给药的合适的制剂包括活性成分的水或油溶液。可根据常规方法制备适于气雾剂给药的制剂,该制剂可与其它治疗剂例如喷他脒一同给药治疗卡氏肺囊虫性肺炎。
适于阴道给药的制剂可以是阴道栓剂、棉塞、膏霜、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾剂,除了活性成分以外它们还含本领域已知的适当载体。
适于胃肠外给药的制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射剂溶液,它可含抗氧剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和溶质,这些使得制剂与预期的接受者的血 液等渗;水性和非水性无菌混悬剂,它可含助悬剂和增稠剂。制剂可置于单位剂量或多剂量的容器内,例如密封的安瓿或小瓶,可在冷冻干燥(冻干)的条件下储存,只需要在使用前立即加入无菌液体载体例如注射用水。临时的注射溶液和混悬剂可由前述的无菌粉末、颗粒以及片剂来制备。单位剂型可含如此处以上所描述的日剂量或单位每日次剂量或其适当部分的活性成分。
本发明还提供了含至少一种如上定义的活性成分和兽医用载体的兽医用组合物。兽医用载体是将组合物给药的物质,它可以是固体、液体或气态物质,它在兽医用领域是惰性的或可接受的,并且与活性成分是相容的。这些兽医用组合物可口服、胃肠外或以任何其它需要的途径给药。
此处的化合物任选用作含作为活性成分的一种或多种活性化合物的控释药物制剂,其中,活性成分的释放是可控制和调节的,允许较小频率的剂量,或改善指定化合物的药物代谢动力学或毒性特征。一般而言,化合物从控释系统例如WO 92/14450或U.S.专利5,098,443的植入剂,或U.S.专利4,740,365或U.S.专利5,141,752的基质中给药。很多其它控释制剂是已知的,且适于此处使用。
治疗给药
合适的给药途径包括口服、直肠、鼻腔、局部(包括眼睛、口腔和舌下)、阴道和胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、玻璃体内、静脉内、皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)。在临床医生已知的其它考虑因素当中,优选的给药途径取决于患者的病况、化合物的毒性以及感染部位。
对于上述每一个治疗适应症来说,所需的活性成分的量(如上定义)取决于多个因素,包括待治疗疾病的严重程度、传染原、是用于预防还是治疗急性感染、感染或病理学部位、以及主治医生或兽医最终判断的其它因素。然而,一般而言,临床医生考虑的适合剂量在同类的甲氧基膦酸酯的范围之内(参见上述),考虑体外试验的效能差异,一般是0.1-250mg每千克接受者体重每剂量(包括活性成分0.1 mg-400mg/Kg/剂量,按0.5mg/Kg/剂量的增量,例如2.5mg/kg/剂量、3.0mg/Kg/剂量、3.5mg/Kg/剂量等),通常是0.5-50mg每千克体重每剂量,最通常是1-300mg每千克体重每剂量。
按照适当的间隔以单位剂量形式给予需要的剂量,通常是相对较高的诱导剂量和较低、较小频率的维持剂量。化合物也用于预防,例如在病毒感染前大约1至7天给药。HPV肿瘤或生长物以及疱疹损伤通常是局部治疗,通过局部注射或者局部凝胶、软膏等。
本发明化合物任选与其它治疗剂联合应用,治疗或预防上述感染或病况。这些其它治疗剂的例子包括有效治疗或预防病毒感染的药剂。这些治疗剂包括但并不限于NRTIs、3′-叠氮-3′-脱氧胸苷(齐多夫定、AZT)、2′-脱氧-3′-硫胞苷(3TC)、2′,3′-二脱氧-2′,3′-二脱氢胸苷(D4T)、卡波佛(碳环2′,3′-二脱氧-2′,3′-二脱氢鸟苷)、阿巴卡韦(ABC)、2′,3′-二脱氧肌苷(ddI)、去羟肌苷、2′,3′-二脱氧胞苷(ddc、扎西他滨)、3′-叠氮-2′,3′-二脱氧尿苷、(E)-5-(2-溴乙烯基)-2′-脱氧尿苷(BVDU)、2-氯-2′-脱氧腺苷、2-脱氧助间型霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-氟尿苷、5-氟-2′-脱氧尿苷、5-三氟甲基-2′-脱氧尿苷、6-氮尿苷、5-氟乳清酸、氨甲喋呤、三乙酰基尿苷、1-(2′-脱氧-2′-氟-1-β-D-阿糖呋喃基)-5-碘胞苷(FIAC)、四氢咪唑并(4,5,1-jk)-(1,4)-苯并二氮杂 -2(1H)-硫酮(TIBO)或其它非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(例如奈韦拉平、delaviridine、依法韦仑、daparivine等)、蛋白酶抑制剂(例如沙奎那韦、印地那韦、ritonovir、安泼那韦等)、2′-无环磷鸟苷、6-甲氧嘌呤阿糖胞苷(ara-M)、6-甲氧嘌呤阿糖胞苷2′-O-戊酸盐酯、阿糖胞苷(ara-C)、开链核苷例如阿昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、开链核苷酸类似物例如HPMPC、PMEA、PMEG、PMPA、PMPDAP、FPMPA、HPMPA和HPMPDAP、(2R,5R)-9-[四氢-5-(膦酰基甲氧基)-2-呋喃基]腺嘌呤、(2R,5R)-1-[四氢-5-(膦酰基甲氧基)-2-呋喃基]胸腺嘧啶、其它抗病毒剂包括利巴韦林(阿糖腺苷)、2-硫代-6-氮杂尿苷、杀结核菌素、金精三羧酸、3-deazaneoplanocin、neoplanocin、rimantidine、 adamantine以及膦甲酸(磷酸三钠甲酸盐)。
合成方法
落在式(I)范围内的化合物是通过使相应的6-羟基嘧啶碱基与二烷基2-氯乙氧基甲基膦酸酯(或其类似物,产生其它R3基团)在NaH、Cs2CO3或DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯)的存在下,在偶极非质子溶剂、通常是DMF中烷基化,任选接着去保护,例如用溴三甲基硅烷(bromotrimethylsilane),随后水解来合成的。式(I)的产物伴随着形成不同量的相应的N1-异构体,即2,4-二取代的1-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙基]嘧啶-6-酮。在用溴三甲基硅烷处理之前,它可以作为中性的二酯用色谱去除。
制备式(I)化合物的其它方法包括使2-取代的4-氯-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶衍生物(及其R3类似物)转化,该转化是与伯胺或仲胺在无水溶剂(例如乙醇)、碱性氢氧化物或碱式碳酸盐的水溶液中反应。该反应可以被例如1,3,5-三唑、咪唑、或有利地被DABCO(重氮二环辛烷)催化。然后任选例如通过溴三甲基硅烷处理,并水解去除保护基。
式(I)化合物也可以通过使2,4-二取代的6-卤代嘧啶与2-羟乙基膦酸二烷基酯的醇钠(或其类似物,产生其它R3基团)反应,接着任选去保护而获得。该方法的优点在于只形成了需要的O6-异构体。合适的合成方法的选择取决于用作原材料的杂环嘧啶衍生物的可得性。
式(I)化合物也可以通过使2,4-二取代的6-(2-羟基烷基)嘧啶与p-甲苯磺酰氧基甲基膦酸二烷基酯或溴甲基膦酸二烷基酯在NaH的存在下反应而获得。通过使适当的6-氯嘧啶与经保护的或未经保护的二醇在碱的存在下反应来制备原材料。
式(I)化合物还可以通过取代嘧啶环的不同位置而获得。
通过水解将Z基团酰胺或酯转化成羟基。
用锂或叠氮化钠的DMF溶液处理二酯或二酯和单酯的混合物可以很容易地得到单酯(A.Holy,″Synthesis 1998″381-385(1998))。
所有的引用文献都被特别引入作为参考。
通过参照下列实施例将更全面的理解本发明。
实施例1:5-烯丙基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶
将5-烯丙基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(0.66g,4mmol)与甲苯共蒸馏,剩余物与二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)和碳酸铯(0.65g,2mmol)一起进行超声波处理,并加热到80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(1.7g,4.4mmol,1.1eq.),将反应混合物在100℃加热20h,真空蒸馏,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物,过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-和O6-异构体的无色泡沫(0.25g,各16%)。
在室温下将O6-异构体(5-烯丙基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.2g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)搅拌过夜。真空蒸发并与乙腈共蒸馏后,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex 50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱中,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex 1×2(乙酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸 馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(113mg,75%),mp240-241℃。对于C10H17N4O5P(304.2)计算值39.48%C,5.63%H,18.42%N,10.18%P;实测值39.16%C,5.69%H,18.19%N,10.17%P。FAB-MS:303(M-H-)(25)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):5.98brs,2H,和5.92brs,2H(NH2);5.73ddt,1H,J(2”,1”)=6.1,J(2”,3”)=10.0和17.1,(H-2”);5.00brd,1H,J(3t”,2”)=17.1(H-3”trans);4.88brd,1H,J(3c”,2”)=10.0(H-3”cis);4.27m,2H(H-1’);3.73m,2H,(H-2’);3.57d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.3(P-CH2);3.00brd,2H,J(1”,2”)=6.1(H-1”)。
实施例2:5-苯甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:
将5-苯甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(0.86g,4mmol)与甲苯共蒸馏,用二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)和碳酸铯(0.65g,2mmol)超声处 理剩余物,加热到80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(1.7g,4.4mmol,1.1eq.),在110℃加热反应混合物26h,真空蒸发,用甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物,过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-异构体(0.25g,14%)和O6-异构体(0.40g,32%)。
在室温下搅拌O6-异构体(5-苯甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.22g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)过夜。真空蒸发后,与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex 1×2(醋酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(121mg,68%),mp 241-242℃。对于C14H19N4O5P·2/3H2O(366.3)计算值45.31%C,5.66%H,15.46%N;实测值45.64%C,5.38%H,15.28%N。FABMS:355(MH+)(50)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):7.23m,4H和7.10m,1H(arom-H);6.15brs,4H(NH2);4.30m,2H(H-1’);3.74m,2H(H-2’);3.62s,2H(H-1”);3.58d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.6(P-CH2).13C NMR(D2O):168.05(C-6);163.70(C-4);160.70(C-2);139.95,128.74,2C,127.89,2C,和126.32(arom-C);90.38(C-5);70.66d,J(P,C)=8.8(C-2’);67.75d,J(P,C)=149.4(P-C);65.66(C-1’);27.50(C-1”)。
实施例3:5-氰甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶
5-氰甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(0.66g,4mmol)与甲苯共蒸馏,用二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)和碳酸铯(0.65g,2mmol)超声处理剩余物,并加热至80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(1.7g,4.4mmol,1.1eq.),在110℃加热反应混合物10h,真空蒸发,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物,过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-异构体(0.25g,16%)和O6-异构体(0.26g,17%)。
在室温下搅拌O6-异构体(5-氰甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.19g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)过夜。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex 1×2(醋酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(123mg,81%),mp 258-259℃,分解。对于C9H14N5O5P(303.2)计算值35.65%C,4.65%H,23.10%N,10.22% P;实测值35.21%C,4.70%H,22.65%N,10.11%P。FABMS:304(MH+)(60)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):6.28brs,2H,和6.02brs,2H(NH2);4.31m,2H(H-1’);3.75m,2H(H-2’);3.53d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.2(P-CH2);3.49s,2H(H-1”)。
实施例4:5-乙氧基羰基甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶和5-羧甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶
将5-乙氧基羰基甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(1.70g,8mmol)和甲苯共蒸馏,用二甲基甲酰胺(15ml)和碳酸铯(1.3g,4mmol)超声处理剩余物,加热到80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(3.4g,8.8mmol,1.1eq.),在100℃加热反应混合物20h,真空蒸发,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物。过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-异构体(0.50g,15%)和O6-异构体(0.44g,13%)。
在室温下搅拌O6-异构体(5-乙氧基羰基甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.38g,1mmol)、乙腈(20ml)和BrSiMe3(2ml)过夜。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余 物加到Dowex 50×8(H+-型,40ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗涤,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex 1×2(醋酸盐,40ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发两个主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:5-乙氧基羰基甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:用0.25M AcOH洗提,(130mg,34%),mp199-200℃。对于C11H19N4O7P·2H2O(386.3)计算值34.20%C,6.00%H,14.50%N;实测值34.30%C,5.83%H,14.57%N。
FABMS:351(MH+)(20)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):6.21brs,2H和6.12brs,2H(NH2);4.24m,2H(H-1’);4.04q,2H,J(CH2,CH3)=7.1(O-CH2);3.70m,2H(H-2’);3.54d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.5(P-CH2);3.30s,2H(H-1”);1.17t,3H,J(CH3,CH2)=7.1(CH3)。
5-羧甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:用0.5-1.0M AcOH洗提,(72mg,22%),mp 228-229℃。对于C9H15N4O7P·H2O(341.2)计算值31.77%C,5.04%H,16.47%N;实测值31.88%C,4.87%H,16.34%N。
FABMS:323(MH+)(20)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):6.21brs,2H和6.14brs,2H(NH2);4.26m,2H(H-1’);3.70m,2H(H-2’);3.55d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.5(P-CH2);3.21s,2H(H-1”)。
实施例5:5-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶
将5-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(0.56g,4mmol)与甲苯共蒸馏,用二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)和碳酸铯(0.65g,2mmol)超声处理剩余物,加热到80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(1.7g,4.4mmol,1.1eq.),在110℃加热反应混合物25h,真空蒸发,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物,过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-异构体(0.39g,27%)和O6-异构体(0.61g,42%)。
在室温下搅拌O6-异构体(5-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.18g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)过夜。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex 1×2(醋酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(81mg,57%),mp 253-254℃。对于C8H15N4O5P·H2O(296.2)计算值32.44%C,5.78%H,18.91%N;实测值32.23%C,5.86%H,18.56%N。FABMS:279(MH+)(70)。1H NMR(D2O +NaOD):4.37m,2H(H-1’);3.91m,2H(H-2’);3.58d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.4(P-CH2);1.84s,3H(CH3)。13C NMR:167.06(C-6);163.58(C-4);160.01(C-2);85.75(C-5);70.47d,J(P,C)=10.3(C-2’);68.96d,J(P,C)=148.9(P-C);65.42(C-1’);10.54(CH3)。
实施例6:5-苯基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:
将5-苯基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(0.81g,4mmol)与甲苯共蒸馏,用二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)和碳酸铯(0.65g,2mmol)超声处理剩余物,加热到80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(1.7g,4.4mmol,1.1eq.),在110℃加热反应混合物23h,真空蒸发,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物,过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-异构体(0.18g,10%)和O6-异构体(0.36g,21%)。
在室温下搅拌O6-异构体(5-苯基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.21g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)过夜。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex 50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex1×2(醋酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(133mg,75%),mp 230-231℃。对于C13H17N4O5P·3/2H2O(367.3)计算值42.51%C,5.49%H,15.25%N,8.43%P;实测值42.71%C,5.50%H,15.27%N,8.50%P。FABMS:341(MH+)(40)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):7.36m,2H和7.25m,3H(arom-H);6.35brs,2H和5.79brs,2H(NH2);4.27m,2H(H-1’);3.65m,2H(H-2’);3.48d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.4(P-CH2)。
实施例7:5-环丙基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:
将5-环丙基-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶(0.66g,4mmol)与甲苯共蒸馏,用二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)和碳酸铯(0.65g,2mmol)超声处理剩余物,并加热到80℃。加入2-[(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲氧基]乙基甲苯磺酸酯(1.7g,4.4mmol,1.1eq.),在110℃加热反应混 合物14h,真空蒸发,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。用热氯仿处理剩余物,过滤,真空去除滤液。预备HPLC提供N1-异构体(0.29g,19%)和O6-异构体(0.55g,35%)。
在室温下搅拌O6-异构体(5-环丙基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶,0.19g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)过夜。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex1×2(醋酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-1M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(125mg,82%),mp 255-256℃。对于C10H17N4O5P(304.2)计算值39.48%C,5.63%H,18.42%N,10.18%P;实测值39.14%C,5.63%H,18.10%N,10.23%P。FABMS:305(MH+)(95)。1H NMR(D2O+NaOD):4.38m,2H(H-1’);3.93m,2H(H-2’);3.62d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.4(P-CH2);1.24m,1H,0.93m,2H和0.45m,2H(环丙基)。
实施例8:5-氰基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:
从四氰基乙烯开始分两步制备反应物5-氰基-2,4-二氨基-6-(2-羟基乙氧基)嘧啶:(a)Middleton W.J.,Engelhardt V.A.: J.Am.Chem.Soc.1958,80,2788.(b)Middleton W.J.,EngelhardtV.A.:J.Am.Chem.Soc.1958,80,2829)。在5-氰基-2,4-二氨基-6-(2-羟基乙氧基)嘧啶(2.4g,12mmol)的三乙胺(8ml)混悬液中加入(二异丙氧基磷酰基)甲基甲苯磺酸酯(4.8g,13.7mmol),接着加入二甲基甲酰胺(20ml)和NaH(分散在矿物油中,浓度60%,1.3g)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物1h,真空蒸发,与甲苯和乙醇共蒸馏。在硅胶上层析剩余物。用4%MeOH的CHCl3溶液洗提的部分得到了2g(45%)5-氰基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙氧基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶。
在室温下将该化合物(0.19g,0.5mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3 (1ml)搅拌过夜。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将浓氨水加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex 50×8(H+-型,20ml)柱上,用水洗涤。用2.5%氨水洗提,真空蒸发得到作为铵盐的粗产物。将剩余物的最小体积的水溶液加到Dowex1×2(醋酸盐,25ml)柱上,然后用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-3M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-乙醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(120mg,86%),mp 294-295℃。对于C8H12N5O5P·H2O(307.2)计算值31.28%C,4.59%H,22.80%N,10.08%P;实测值31.27%C,4.67%H,22.54%N,9.94%P。FABMS:290(MH+)(10)。1H NMR(D2O+NaOD):4.48m,2H(H-1’);3.95m,2H(H-2’);3.74d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.4(P-CH2)。13C NMR:171.87(C-6);166.15(C-4);163.30(C-2);116.85(CN);70.88d,J(P,C)=10.7(C-2’);67.69d,J(P,C)=156.2(P-C);66.72(C-5);64.52(C-1’)。
实施例9:5-甲酰基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶:
在室温下,将5-氰基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙氧基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶(1.5g,4mmol)在水(36ml)和硫酸(6ml)中搅拌20h,在吸附于碳(0.25g)的5%钯的作用下氢化。通过Celite衬垫过滤混合物,用热水和热甲醇(各100ml)洗涤催化剂。用NaOH水溶液中和滤液,蒸发溶剂。使剩余物与热甲醇混和,滤除盐,去除混合物。在硅胶上进行柱色谱纯化产物(用3%MeOH的CHCl3溶液洗提)得到0.63g(42%)5-甲酰基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(二异丙氧基磷酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶。
在室温下搅拌该化合物(0.36g,0.95mmol)、乙腈(10ml)和BrSiMe3(1ml)2.5h。真空蒸发后与乙腈共蒸馏,用水处理剩余物,将三乙胺加到碱性反应物中。蒸发混合物至干燥,将剩余物加到Dowex1×2(乙酸盐,25ml)柱上,用水洗涤,接着用乙酸梯度洗涤(0-2M)。蒸发主要的UV吸收部分,剩余物与水共蒸馏3次,从水-甲醇中结晶得到白色固体产物:(230mg,82%),mp 225-227℃。对于C8H13N4O6P·5/4H2O(314.7)计算值30.53%C,4.96%H,17.80%N;实测值30.87%C,5.01%H,17.65%N。FABMS:293(MH+)(10)。1H NMR(D2O+NaOD):9.73s,1H(CH=O);4.46m,2H(H-1’);3.95m,2H(H-2’);3.59d,2H,J(P,CH)=8.4(P-CH2)。13C NMR:187.89(CH=O);172.46(C-6);164.285(C-4);163.85(C-2);92.44(C-5);70.25d,J(P,C)=9.3(C-2’);69.18d,J(P,C)=148.4(P-C);66.11(C-1’)。
实施例10:病毒
MSV、1型HIV(HIV-1)(IIIB和Ba-L株)、HIV-2(ROD株)和FIV(Petaluma株)的起源以前已经描述过了(Balzarini等人,AIDS 5:21-28,1991;De Clercq等人,Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.137:590-594,1971;Egberink等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci。87:3087-3091,1990;Hartmann等人,Antiviral Chem.Chemother.5:13-19,1994;Popovic等人,Science 224:497-500,1984)。从病毒感染的MT-4细胞培养物的上清液中获得HIV-1(IIIB)和HIV-2(ROD)原料。将HIV-1BaL铺展在人初级M/M中,收集它的上清液,过滤,使用前在-80℃保存。用于该项研究的病毒原料的特征是2.1×108 HIV-RNA基因组/ml(相应于35ng p24抗原)以及5,000组织培养感染剂量50%每ml(TCID50/ml),如同用其它初级M/M培养物中的病毒滴定所评价的那样。已经报道了临床HIV-1隔离群L1S、L6S和L6S/PMEA的分离和特征(Thormar等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA93:3283-3287,1995;Van Laethem等人,AIDS 15:553-561,2001)。HIV-1/L1S临床隔离群来自未经NRTIs(核苷逆转录酶抑制剂)或ANPs治疗的患者,是在没有任何药物选择压力下培养的。因此,它不含明显的突变,这是NRTI-或ANP-治疗患者的特征。HIV-1/L6S是来自未经任何药物选择压力下培养的药物治疗个体的临床隔离群。作为经NRTI-治疗的患者的特征,它在它的RT中含S68G、K70T、V75I、F77L、F116Y和Q151M突变。HIV-1/L6S/PMEA是临床隔离群HIV-1/L6S,它是在增加浓度的PMEA(阿德福韦)的存在下培养该病毒11代后被分离的。除了所提及的HIV-1/L6S突变以外,在它的逆转录酶(RT)中还得到了以PMEA-为特征的K65R突变。
实施例11:本发明化合物的抗病毒活性
按照J.Balzarini,等人″9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine(PMEA)effectively inhibits retrovirus replication invitro and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesusmonkeys″AIDS 5:21-28,1991以及J.Balzarini,等人″Differential antiherpesvirus and antiretrovirus effects of the(S) and (R)enantiomers of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates:potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antiretrovirusactivities of (R)-9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine″Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,37:332-338,1993中公开的一般方法测定此处的化合物的抗病毒活性。
研究各种5-取代的2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶对DNA和逆转录病毒的抑制活性。没有一个化合物对1型和2型单纯疱疹病毒、巨细胞病毒和常见正痘病毒有活性。5-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶(实施例5)显示了中度抗-VZV活性。然而,数个化合物显著地抑制鼠类(MSV)和人类(HIV-1,HIV-2)逆转录病毒。5-氰基和5-甲酰基衍生物(分别是实施例8和9)对HIV的抑制是0.8-3.3μg/ml,对MSV的抑制是2.7-6μg/ml(表格)。这些抗病毒效力是与5-未取代的2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶和5-氯衍生物对抗HIV的那些抗病毒效力相比的,但不如MSV。有趣的是,证明5-甲基衍生物不仅对MSV有剧烈的抑制(EC50:0.04-0.06μg/ml),还对HIV-1和HIV-2有剧烈的抑制(EC50:0.065μg/ml)。与5-未取代的化合物相反(它的抗-HIV活性比它的抗-MSV活性弱20倍效力),5-甲基衍生物(实施例5)显示了相当的抗-HIV和-MSV活性。结果是,它抗HIV活性比曾经测试的任何其它的开链核苷膦酸酯衍生物所观察到的活性更为显著。因此,不能排除该化合物相对于参照药物PMEA(阿德福韦)和(R)-PMPA(替诺福韦)对HIV感染的个体也发挥了更好的抗HIV活性。然而,证明该化合物(CC50:1.3-4.1μg/ml)相比PMEA(CC50:11μg/ml)也对CEM细胞培养物具有稍微更多的细胞抑制(表格)。
也评价5-氰基(实施例8)、5-甲基(实施例5)和5-氯-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶相对于PMEA和(R)-PMPA对MSV-感染的新生NMRI小鼠的抗逆转录病毒的活性。抗病毒效力的顺序是:从5-氰基衍生物(效力最小的药物)、5-氯衍生物、到5-甲基衍生物 (最有效的药物)。5-氰基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶对于MSV-诱导的肿瘤细胞形成和伴随的动物死亡相比PMEA具有更小的效力。5-氯-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶在引发MSV-诱导的肿瘤形成和MSV-伴随的动物死亡方面也次于PMEA(表格)。然而,5-甲基衍生物显然优于PMEA,也优于(R)-PMPA。50和20mg/kg的5-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶、PMEA和(R)-PMPA完全预防了肿瘤形成。在5mg/kg 5-甲基衍生物的存在下,90%小鼠没有形成肿瘤,相对于PMEA和(R)-PMPA的存在,这一数字是70%和10%。然而,高剂量的5-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-[2-(膦酰基甲氧基)乙氧基]嘧啶(50mg/kg)却使得无瘤小鼠死亡(平均:10.1天),这可能是由于药物的毒性。在50和20mg/kg PMEA中也看到了这一现象,但在50mg/kg(R)-PMPA中没有看到。从而,尽管5-甲基衍生物对于预防MSV-诱导的肿瘤形成比(R)-PMPA稍微有效,比PMEA明显更有效,然而毒性也稍微更大。因此,两个药物很有可能具有相当的体内抗逆转录病毒的选择性。
试验化合物对新生NMRI小鼠的MSV-诱导的肿瘤细胞形成的抑制活性
a在第1、2、3、4和5天i.p.注射化合物,在第1天i.m.注射病毒。
b由于药物毒性,按照小鼠数目计算,发生的动物死亡。
Claims (23)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中,R1和R2是氨基,且X是氧。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中,R1和R2同时是氨基,R3是甲基,X是氧,且R3的构型是(R)。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中,R1和R2同时是氨基,R3是羟甲基,X是氧,且R3的构型是(R)。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中,R1和R2同时是氨基,且X是硫。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中,R1是氨基,R2是羟基,且X是氧。
7.权利要求1的化合物,它在手性碳的位置是基本纯的对映异构体。
8.权利要求7的化合物,它是(R)构型。
9.权利要求7的化合物,它是(S)构型。
11.权利要求10的化合物,其中,R1和R2是氨基,R3是氢,且X是氧。
12.权利要求10的化合物,其中,R1和R2同时是氨基,R3是氢,且X是硫。
13.权利要求10的化合物,其中,R1是氨基,R2是羟基,R3是氢,且X是氧。
14.含药学可接受赋形剂和权利要求1化合物的组合物。
15.制备式(I)化合物的方法,
包括使式(II)化合物:
与式(III)化合物:
Y-CH2CH(R3)-O-CH2P(O)(Z)2
(III)
其中,Y是离去基团;
在偶极非质子溶剂中在碱的存在下反应;
其中,*表示手性碳原子;
R1是H、氨基、或甲基硫烷基;
R2是H、甲基、卤素、-N(R5)2、羟基;
R3独立地是甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基;
R4选自:
(i)C1到C10烷基,
(iv)C3-C8环烷基,
(xvi)-CH2CN,
(xxiii)-C(O)H,
(xxiv)-CH2CO2R9,
(xxxix)-CN,
X独立地是氧或硫;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;
R5独立地是H、C1-C10烷基;
R9选自H、C1-C10烷基、羧烷基、氨基烷基和C2-C10链烯基。
16.权利要求15的方法,还包括分离所得到的式(I)化合物。
17.权利要求15的方法,其中,Z是酯或酰胺,又水解一个或两个Z基团以生成式(I)化合物,其中,至少一个Z是羟基。
18.权利要求15的方法,其中,Z是(OR4)2且R4是异丙基。
19.权利要求15的方法,其中,R3是甲基且Y是对甲苯磺酰氧基或溴。
20.制备式(Iaa)化合物的方法
其包括使式(II)化合物:
与式(III)化合物:
Y-CH2CH(R3)-O-CH2P(O)(Z)2
(III)
其中,Y是离去基团;
在偶极非质子溶剂中,在碱的存在下反应;
其中,
R1是H、氨基、或甲基硫烷基;
R2是H、甲基、卤素、-N(R5)2、羟基;
R3独立地是H、甲基、羟甲基、卤代甲基;
R4选自:
(i)C1到C10烷基,
(iv)C3-C8环烷基,
(xvi)-CH2CN,
(xxiii)-C(O)H,
(xxiv)-CH2CO2R9,
(xxxix)-CN,
X独立地是氧或硫;
Z独立地是羟基、酯或酰胺;
R5独立地是H、C1-C10烷基;
R9选自H、C1-C10烷基、羧烷基、氨基烷基和C2-C10链烯基。
21.权利要求1的化合物在制备治疗病毒感染的药物中的用途。
22.权利要求21的用途,其中,病毒是DNA病毒。
23.权利要求22的用途,其中,病毒是逆转录病毒或肝DNA病毒。
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- 2004-06-16 EA EA200600046A patent/EA011948B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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2005
- 2005-11-17 IL IL172015A patent/IL172015A/en active IP Right Grant
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2006
- 2006-06-23 US US11/473,924 patent/US20060241081A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-07 HK HK06109982.5A patent/HK1088013A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2012
- 2012-05-21 JP JP2012115602A patent/JP2012153731A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003002580A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | Institute Of Organic Chemistry And Biochemistry Ofthe Academy Of Sciences Of The Czech Republic | 6-`2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy pyrimidine derivatives having antiviral activity |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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Holy ET AL.6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]primidines withAntiviralActivity.J.Med.Chem45 9.2002,45(9),1918-1929. |
Holy ET AL.6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]primidines withAntiviralActivity.J.Med.Chem45 9.2002,45(9),1918-1929. * |
Kger K ET AL.Synthesis of New Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogs asPotential Antiviral Drugs.J.Med.Chem37.1994,373057-3061. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1088013A1 (en) | 2006-10-27 |
IL172015A0 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
AU2004247305B2 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
JP5280631B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
KR101102815B1 (ko) | 2012-01-05 |
NZ543864A (en) | 2009-10-30 |
US20050075318A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
CA2527805A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
JP2006527702A (ja) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1644389B1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
DE602004031115D1 (de) | 2011-03-03 |
AU2004247305A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
CN1805966A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
EP1644389A1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
EA011948B1 (ru) | 2009-06-30 |
WO2004111064A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
EA200600046A1 (ru) | 2006-06-30 |
CA2527805C (en) | 2012-08-21 |
DK1644389T3 (da) | 2011-05-09 |
KR20060041182A (ko) | 2006-05-11 |
JP2012153731A (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
US20060241081A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
ATE496056T1 (de) | 2011-02-15 |
SI1644389T1 (sl) | 2011-06-30 |
IL172015A (en) | 2016-07-31 |
US7115592B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
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