CN107148540A - 在建筑物中使用的地板和天花板面板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
描述了一种地板和天花板面板以及一种构建用于建筑物的地板系统的方法。在一些实施例中,面板包括:多个托梁;设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板;设置在多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的地板内辐射加热构件。在一些实施例中,面板包括:多个托梁;设置在多个托梁上方并连接到多个托梁的波纹形成板;以及设置在波纹形成板和多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。在一些实施例中,所述方法包括将预组装面板附接到建筑物的框架并将混凝土浇筑到面板上,使得辐射加热构件通过面板的波纹形成板与混凝土分离。
Description
交叉引用
本申请要求2004年8月30日提交的名称为“在建筑物中使用的地板和天花板面板”的美国临时申请62/044,193的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文,用于任何目的。
背景技术
在建筑作业现场进行常规施工。各行业的人们(例如,木匠、电工和水管工)对材料进行测量、切割和安装,如同各个单位是分别之一。此外,以线性序列安排由各行业进行的活动。结果是耗时的过程,其增加了浪费、安装缺陷和成本超支的风险。
企业对提高效率的反应历来是模块化建设。在具有多个住宅单元(例如,公寓、酒店、学生宿舍等)的建筑物的情况下,整个住宅单元(被称为模块)在建筑现场外的工厂中建造,然后被运输到作业现场。然后将这些模块堆叠并连接在一起,通常结果是形成低层建筑(例如,1个楼层和6个楼层之间)。
发明内容
总体上描述了一种包括系统和方法的技术。示例系统可以包括在建筑物中使用的预组装的地板和天花板面板。面板可以包括:多个托梁;设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板;设置在多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的地板内辐射加热构件。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括设置在波纹形成板和多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括设置在天花板基板和多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。
在一些实施例中,多个托梁中的一个或更多个托梁可以限定横向延伸穿过一个或更多个托梁的多个孔。
在一些实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件延伸穿过一个或更多个托梁的多个孔中的一个或更多个孔。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的绝热件。在一些实施例中,面板可以包括设置在波纹形成板下方的材料层。材料层可以覆盖波纹形成板的一个或多个槽纹(flute),以限制绝热件到一个或更多个槽纹中的迁移。材料层可以是导热的。地板内辐射加热构件可以附接到材料层。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括设置在绝热件和天花板基板之间限定的空腔中的水暖设备、喷淋管道和电气布线。
在一些实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件可以是加热管道。
在一些实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件可以是电加热元件。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括设置在波纹形成板上方的地板材料。在一些实施例中,地板材料可以是混凝土。
示例系统可以包括在建筑物中使用的面板。面板可以包括:多个托梁;设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板;以及设置在波纹形成板和多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。
在一些实施例中,声音阻尼器可以包括与多个托梁对准的多个材料带。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括:位于多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在天花板基板和多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。面板可以包括设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的辐射加热构件。面板可以包括设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的绝热件。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括抵靠波纹形成板的下表面的导热材料。导热材料可以跨越波纹形成板的多个槽纹。辐射加热构件可以设置在导热材料下方并附接到导热材料。
示例方法可以包括一种构建用于建筑物的地板系统的方法。该方法可以包括将预组装面板附接到建筑物的框架,其中,预组装面板包括:多个托梁;设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板;设置在多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的辐射加热构件。该方法还可以包括将混凝土浇筑到波纹形成板上。辐射加热构件可以通过波纹形成板与混凝土分离。
在一些实施例中,该方法可以包括将第二预组装面板附接到建筑物的框架,其中,面板包括:多个托梁;设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板;设置在多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的辐射加热管道。在一些实施例中,该方法可以包括将预组装面板与材料带附接在一起以覆盖面板之间的接缝。
前述概述仅是例示性的,并不意图以任何方式限制。除了上述的例示性方面、实施例和特征之外,通过参照附图和以下详细描述,其他方面、实施例和特征将变得显而易见。
附图简要说明
结合附图从以下描述和所附权利要求中,本公开的前述特征和其他特征将变得更加显而易见。应理解这些附图仅描绘了根据本公开的几个实施例,因此不认为是对其范围的限制,将通过使用附图以另外的具体内容和详情来描述本公开,其中:
图1是示例多层建筑物的示意图示;
图2是图1的建筑物的示例地板和天花板面板的示意图示;
图3是图1的建筑物的示例地板和天花板面板的分解示意图示;
图4是图1的建筑物的倒置的示例地板和天花板面板的局部示意图示,例示了在相邻托梁之间沿纵向延伸且横向延伸的地板内辐射加热构件;
图5是图1的建筑物的倒置的示例地板和天花板面板的局部示意图示,例示了横向延伸穿过托梁的地板内辐射加热构件;
图6是图5的地板和天花板面板的示例地板内辐射加热构件和保持器的示意图示;
图7是图1的建筑物的示例地板和天花板面板的截面的局部示意图示;以及
图8是例示了构建建筑物的地板系统的示例方法的流程图;
都根据本公开的至少一些实施例进行布置。
具体实施方式
在下面的详细说明中,将参照附图进行说明,附图构成了详细说明的一部分。在附图中,除非上下文指出,否则相似的符号通常表示相似的部件。在详细说明、附图和权利要求中所描述的例示性实施例不意在进行限制。可以使用其他实施例,并且可以做出其他改变,而不偏离本文呈现的主题事项的精神或范围。将易于理解的是,如本文基本上描述且如图中所例示的,本公开的方案能够以各种不同配置来布置、替代、组合、分离和设计,所有这些都在本文中隐含地构思出。
本公开尤其涉及通常与建筑物中使用的面板相关的方法、系统、产品、设备和/或装置。面板可以在商店中场外组装,然后运输到建筑现场。在建筑现场,面板可以直接或间接地附接到建筑物框架上。面板可以限定建筑物中的地板的一部分或全部,以及天花板的一部分或全部。地板可以是面板上方的建筑物的楼层的一部分,天花板可以是面板下方的建筑物的楼层的一部分。
面板可以包括框架、地板基板和天花板基板。框架可以在垂直方向上将地板基板和天花板基板彼此分离。框架可以包括位于地板基板和天花板基板之间的多个托梁。框架可以在相邻托梁之间限定一个或更多个托梁空腔。一个或更多个托梁空腔可以容纳地板内辐射加热构件、水暖设备、线缆、布线或可以支撑建筑物中的住宅或商业单元的其他构件。绝热材料可以位于加热构件和天花板基板之间,以减少从加热构件到面板下方的楼层的热传递。声音阻尼材料可以位于框架、地板基板和天花板基板之间,以减少通过面板的声音传播。
地板基板可以附接到框架的上侧。地板基板可以支撑上层楼层的地板材料。地板基板可以由能够支撑地板材料的波纹形成板或其他地板基板形成。在一些实施例中,地板基板可以支撑混凝土地板,以限定上层楼层的成品地板。
天花板基板可以附接到框架的下侧。天花板基板可以支撑下层楼层的天花板材料。天花板基板可以由能够支撑天花板材料的纤维水泥板或其他天花板基板形成。在一些实施例中,天花板基板可以支撑一个或更多个声学面板,以限定下层楼层的成品天花板。
在一些实施例中,地板和天花板面板的材料组成可以主要是金属。在一些实施例中,可以主要是铝。在其他实施例中,面板部件可以由各种合适的建筑材料制成,范围从金属至木材和木材聚合物复合材料(WPC)、木制品(木质素)、其他有机建筑材料(竹),至有机聚合物(塑料),至混合材料或诸如陶瓷之类的陶土材料。在一些实施例中,也可以使用水泥或其他可浇筑或可模制的建筑材料。在其他实施例中,可以通过使用用于面板的一些构件的一种建筑材料和用于面板的其他构件的其他建筑材料来组合合适的建筑材料的任何组合。当确定要建造的结构的承载要求时,对任何材料的选择可以根据对材料选项(例如国际建筑规范中提供的选项)的参照来进行,或者可以基于本领域普通技术人员的知识来选择。与较小和/或较低的建筑物相比,较大和/或较高的结构可能具有更大的物理强度要求。调整建筑材料以适应结构、载荷和环境应力的大小能够确定用于本文所描述的系统中所有部件的建筑材料的最佳经济选择。世界不同地区的各种建筑材料的可用性也可能影响对用于建造本文所描述的面板的材料的选择。对国际建筑规范或类似规范的采用也可能影响材料的选择。
本文中任何对“金属”的提及都包括如可适用于本文所描述的系统和部件的制造和/或构造的任何结构级金属或金属合金。任何对“木材”的提及都包括木材、木材层压产品、木材压制产品、木材聚合物复合材料(WPC),竹或竹相关产品、木质素产品以及无论是化学处理、精炼、加工还是从植物简单地获取的任何植物衍生产品。本文中对“混凝土”的任何提及都包括任何包括水泥、水和颗粒聚集体的建筑等级的可固化复合材料。颗粒聚集体可以包括砂、砾石、聚合物、灰分和/或其他矿物质。
在一些实施例中,面板可以包括多个托梁,设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板,设置在多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板,以及设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的地板内辐射加热构件。面板可以在场外预制并且运输到建筑现场,以安装到建筑物的结构框架中。在一些实施例中,当安装面板时,波纹形成板可以为面板上方的建筑物的楼层的一部分提供对地板材料的支撑,并且天花板基板可以为面板下方的楼层的一部分提供天花板。
现在参照附图,同一种类或一般可替代类型的重复单元由该部分标号和字母(例如214n)指定,其中,字母“a”、“b”等是指重复项目的离散数量。通常对后面加上字母“n”的该部分标号的参照表示对预期的项目数量没有预先确定的或已建立的限制。这些部分被列为“a-n”,是指从“a”开始并以任何所需的数字“n”结束。
图1例示了根据本文所描述的至少一些实施例布置的示例多层建筑物102的示意图示。建筑物102可以包括两个或更多个楼层或层次。建筑物102可以包括对应数量的被分类为低层、中层或高层建筑的楼层(各个城市或区域管理机构可以以他们认为合适的任何方式限定建筑高度)。如本文所述的地板-天花板面板可以适于在任何数量的楼层(层次)的建筑物中使用。在图1中,建筑物102包括6个楼层。在一些实施例中,建筑物可以是具有8个或更多个楼层的住宅用多层住宅建筑物。
建筑物102可以包括结构性外部框架104。外部框架104可以用作建筑物102的结构性外骨骼。外部框架104可以包括多个柱106、梁108和交叉支架110。柱106可以垂直定向,梁108可以水平定向,并且交叉支架110可以倾斜于柱106和梁108定向。梁108可以在相邻的柱106之间延伸并且可以附接到相邻的柱106以将相邻的柱106彼此连接。交叉支架110可以在连续的梁108和柱106之间延伸并且可以附接到连续的梁108和柱106,以向外部框架104提供附加的刚度。在本文描述的各种实施例中,外部框架104可以为建筑物102提供结构支撑。在本文描述的一些实施例中,形成单元或模块的内部(除水)壁可以不是承载壁。在一些实施例中,可以由外部框架104提供承载支撑。柱、梁和交叉支架可以被布置为提供严格的结构支撑。框架也可以用来向结构(未示出)提供装饰或添加的支撑。
建筑物102可以包括设置在外部框架104内部的多个单元或模块112。单元112可以是商业的、住宅的(例如住宅单元)或二者。可以使用多个预制部件在建筑现场对单元112进行组装。可以远离建筑现场彼此独立地组装预制部件,并将其运输到建筑现场进行安装。部件可以在建筑现场附接到外部框架104、相邻部件或二者,以形成各个单元112。在一些实施例中,建筑物102可以包括内部支撑结构。在一些实施例中,预制部件可以附接到内部支撑结构。建筑物102的各个楼层或层次可以包括由预制部件限定的一个或多个单元112。这些单元可以是标准化和重复性的,或独特性和个性化的。标准大小和形状的混合单元可以与同一层的独特单元相结合,或者独立地布置在分开的层上。在一些实施例中,单元可以涵盖多于一个的楼层。
部件可以包括一个或更多个预组装的地板和天花板面板114以及一个或更多个壁116。地板和天花板面板114可以水平定向并且可以限定上部单元的地板和下部单元的天花板。地板和天花板面板114的单独面板可以附接到相邻的地板和天花板面板114、柱106、梁108或其任何组合。壁116可以垂直定向,并且可以将各个楼层分隔成多个单元,将单个单元分成多个房间,或二者。可以用紧固件,然后铆接、密封或二者,将壁116附接到地板和天花板面板114。
图2例示了根据本文所描述的至少一些实施例布置的示例地板和天花板面板的示意图示。图2示出了位于相邻并且彼此附接的4个地板和天花板面板214a、214b、214c、214d。在图2所示的视图中,面板的地板部分面向上并且大致上覆盖面板的天花板部分。地板和天花板面板214a、214b、214c、214d可以并排或端对端定位,并且通过一个或更多个搭接件附接在一起。图2所示的各种部件仅仅是实施例,并且包括去除部件、组合部件以及替换部件的其他变化都是可以预期的。可以以任何构造(例如,端对端,边对边,以在面板之间可以存在间隙的不重复的形式,以及诸如“L”形、“U”形、“O”形等的其他构造)和任何数量提供面板214n。
相邻的地板和天花板面板214a、214b可以通过第一搭接件218以边对边的形式附接在一起。搭接件218可以由沿在面板214n的紧靠边之间形成的接缝220纵向延伸的波纹形成板的带来形成。波纹形成板的带218可以以相对方向从接缝220横向延伸并且与相邻的地板和天花板面板214a、214b的上表面交叠。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以进一步延伸以与相邻的地板和天花板面板214c、214d的上表面交叠。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的第二带可以被用来与相邻的地板和天花板面板214c、214d的上表面交叠。波纹形成板的带218可以附接到相邻的地板和天花板面板214a、214b以维持面板214a、214b相对于彼此的位置。波纹形成板的带218可以具有与相邻的地板和天花板面板214a、214b的槽纹(flute)图案匹配的板槽纹图案。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以与各个面板214a、214b的一个或更多个槽纹交叠。波纹形成板218可以牢固地将相邻的面板214a、214b附接在一起,限制在建筑现场形成混凝土顶板时混凝土进入接缝220,或二者。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以具有约2英寸和约24英寸之间的宽度。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以具有约6英寸的宽度。波纹形成板的带218可以由诸如铝或钢的金属或诸如塑料的非金属材料形成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以由镀锌钢形成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以由G90镀锌钢形成。在一些在实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以具有约20规格(gauge)和约26规格之间的厚度。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带218可以由Verco Decking,Inc.来制造(以名称Deep VERCORTM销售)。
相邻的地板和天花板面板214a、214c和214b、214d可以通过第二搭接件222以端对端的关系附接在一起。第二搭接件222可以大致垂直于(例如正或负15度)第一搭接件218。搭接件222可以沿在面板214a、214c和214b、214d的紧靠端部之间形成的接缝延伸的波纹形成板的带222来形成。沿相邻的面板214a、214b的边延伸的波纹形成板的带218的交叠可以与沿相邻的面板214a、214c和214b、214d的端部延伸的波纹形成板的带222的交叠不同。例如,沿相邻的面板214n的端部延伸的波纹形成板的带222的交叠可以大于沿相邻的面板214a、214b的边延伸的波纹形成板的带218的交叠。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222的交叠可以是约9英寸,并且波纹形成板的带218的交叠可以是约3英寸。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222可以具有约2英寸至约24英寸的宽度。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222可以具有约18英寸的宽度。波纹形成板的带222可以由诸如铝或钢的金属或诸如塑料的非金属材料形成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222可以由镀锌钢形成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222可以由G90镀锌钢制成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222可以具有在约20规格和约26规格之间的厚度。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板的带222可以由Verco Decking,Inc.来制造(以名称Deep VERCORTM销售)。如图2所示,地板和天花板面板214n的形状可以是矩形。在一些实施例中,地板和天花板面板214n的形状可以是非矩形的,例如三角形的形状(例如,派(pie)状),或者可以基于建筑应用以其他形状来配置。
现在例示了根据一些实施例的地板和天花板面板314的分解图示(图3)。图3示出了波纹形成板324、第一声音阻尼器或阻尼器构件326、框架328、一个或更多个保持器或托架330、地板内辐射加热构件332、绝热件334、第二声音阻尼器或阻尼器构件336以及天花板基板338。波纹形成板324、第一声音阻尼器326、框架328、一个或更多个保持器330、地板内辐射加热构件332、绝热件334、第二声音阻尼器336和天花板基板338在运输到建筑现场之前预先组装以形成面板314。可以在波纹形成板324的顶部形成混凝土顶板,这可以在建筑现场进行,同时可以将面板314的其余部分预先制造并输送到建筑现场。在一些实施例中,一个或更多个声学天花板面板可以附接到天花板基板338。图3所示的各种部件仅仅是示例,并且包括去除部件、组合部件和替换部件的其他变化都是可以预期的。
框架328可以包括多个托梁340和相对端部构件342。托梁340可以形成跨越相对端部构件342之间的距离的支撑构件,以支撑上部单元的地板和下部单元的天花板。托梁340可以大致垂直于(例如,正或负15度)端部构件342定向。托梁340可以具有穿过托梁340横向延伸的孔34。在一些实施例中,可以冲压托梁340以形成孔344。在一些实施例中,由于耐火性、结构强度、减重或其他因素,框架328可以由诸如铝或钢的金属形成。在一些实施例中,框架328可以由诸如木材或塑料的非金属材料形成。
托梁340可以沿端部构件342的长度以规则的间隔彼此间隔开。在一些实施例中,托梁340可以沿端部构件342的长度按大约8英寸中心至大约36英寸中心之间间隔开。在一些实施例中,托梁340可以沿端部构件342的长度按2英尺中心间隔开。可以基于面板314的负载要求来调整托梁340的间隔。托梁340和端部构件342的数量可以变化以适合特定建筑物的参数。在一些实施例中,并且如图3所示,框架328可以包括5个托梁340和2个端部构件342。托梁340和端部构件342的尺寸可以变化以适合特定建筑物的参数。在一些实施例中,框架328具有约10英寸的高度,约8英尺的宽度和约22英尺的长度。在一些实施例中,托梁340具有约10英寸的高度和约22英尺的长度。在一些实施例中,端部构件342具有约10英寸的高度和约8英尺的长度。
托梁340可以包括两个或更多个外托梁340a以及一个或更多个位于外托梁340a之间的内托梁340b。外托梁340a可以附接(例如,机加工、焊接、螺栓连接或粘合)到端部构件342以限定框架328的外部部分并形成盒框架。内托梁340b可以大致平行(例如,正或负15度)于外托梁340a延伸。在一些实施例中,由于耐火性、结构强度、减重或其他因素,托梁340可以由诸如铝或钢的金属形成。在一些实施例中,托梁340可以由诸如木材或塑料的非金属材料形成。在一些实施例中,托梁340可以由轻质钢制成,并且可以由Steelform BuildingProducts Inc.来制造(以名称Mega Joist销售)。
第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以在各个地板和天花板面板314中形成双声音阻尼器系统。第一声音阻尼器326可以沿框架328的上侧定位,并且第二声音阻尼器336可以沿框架328的下侧或下方侧定位。第一和第二阻尼器326、336可以有效地减轻底板碰撞和环境噪声传播以满足建筑规范。第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以由各种材料形成。在一些实施例中,第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以由诸如橡胶的弹性体材料形成。在一些实施例中,第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以由循环利用的磨碎的橡胶轮胎、橡胶、泡沫填充物或具有声学阻尼特性的其他材料形成。
第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以形成在细长带346中。带346可以具有与相关联的托梁340或端部构件342的长度相对应的长度。带346可以具有与相关联的托梁340或端部构件342的宽度相对应的宽度。在一些实施例中,带346可以被设计为与框架328的覆盖区域匹配并且置于框架328的顶部。在一些实施例中,带346可被设计为延伸超过框架328,使得带346的端部和/或边缘可以延伸在框架328的顶部上方。在一些实施例中,带346可被设计为小于框架328的覆盖区域,使得框架的顶部的一部分未被带346覆盖。在一些实施例中,第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以沿框架328的各个托梁340和端部构件342的相对的上侧和下侧延伸。第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336的厚度可以变化以适合建筑物的参数。在一些实施例中,第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以具有在约八分之一英寸和约一英寸之间的厚度。在一些实施例中,第一和第二声音阻尼器326、336可以具有约四分之一英寸的厚度。
第一声音阻尼器326可以抵靠框架328的上表面328a。第一声音阻尼器326可以设置在波纹形成板324和框架328之间。第一声音阻尼器326可以将波纹形成板324与框架328间隔开第一声音阻尼器326的厚度。第一声音阻尼器326可以包括与托梁340、端部构件342或二者对准的多个材料带346。在一些实施例中,材料带346可以沿地板和天花板面板314的各个托梁340和端部构件342的长度的大部分延伸。在一些实施例中,材料带346可以沿地板和天花板面板314的各个托梁340和端部构件342的整个长度延伸。第一声音阻尼器326可以减轻波纹形成板324和框架328之间的声音传播。
第二声音阻尼器336可以抵靠框架328的下表面328b。第二声音阻尼器336可以设置在天花板基板338和框架328之间。第二声音阻尼器336可以将天花板基板338与框架328间隔开第二声音阻尼器336的厚度。第二声音阻尼器336可以包括与托梁340、端部构件342或二者对准的多个材料带346。在一些实施例中,材料条346可以沿底板和天花板面板314的各个托梁340和端部构件342的长度大致平行地延伸。在一些实施例中,材料条346可以沿地板和天花板面板314的各个托梁340和端部构件342的整个长度延伸。第二声音阻尼器336可以减轻天花板基板338和框架328之间的声音传播。
波纹形成板324可以设置在框架328上方并附接到框架328,其中第一声音阻尼器326位于波纹形成板324和框架328之间。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可以设置在多个托梁340、端部构件342或二者上方并附接到多个托梁340、端部构件342或二者。波纹形成板324可以形成用于混凝土顶板的支撑基板。波纹形成板324可以延伸过框架328的整个长度和宽度以包围底板和天花板面板314的上侧。波纹形成板324可以限定多个交替的脊和槽纹348。槽纹348可以形成相邻脊之间的凹部。虽然波纹图案被示出为大致垂直于地板天花板面板的长轴,但是波纹图案的定向可以相对于底板天花板面板的长轴线成任何角度。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可以由诸如铝或钢的金属或诸如塑料的非金属材料形成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可由镀锌钢形成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可以由G90镀锌钢制成。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可以具有在约20规格和约26规格之间的厚度。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可以由Verco Decking,Inc.来制造(以名称DeepVERCORTM销售)。在一些实施例中,波纹形成板324可以是1.5英寸的波纹钢形成板,其被紧固(例如螺纹连接)到框架328的顶部,以形成上部单元的下层。
地板内辐射加热构件332可以设置在波纹形成板324和天花板基板338之间。在一些实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件332可以在相邻的托梁340之间限定的一个或更多个隔间或托梁空腔350内设置在波纹形成板324下方。在相邻的托梁340之间,地板内辐射加热构件332可以包括平行于相邻的托梁340延伸的一个或多个笔直部分352。笔直部分352可以延伸过相邻的托梁340的长度的大部分。在一实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件332可以包括连接相邻的笔直部分352的一个或更多个横向延伸部分354。地板内辐射加热构件332可以是加热管、电加热元件或其他合适的加热构件。在一些实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件332可以由液体辐射加热管道或管形成。在一些实施例中,地板内辐射加热构件332可以形成为通常称为PEX管道或管的交联聚乙烯的管道或管。地板内加热元件可以采用任何形状或构造,只要其能够大致上分布在整个面板314中即可。在一些实施例中,可以使用电阻来使波纹形成板充当加热元件。在其他实施例中,可以使用电阻加热来使框架充当地板内加热元件。
一个或更多个保持器330可以设置在波纹形成板324和天花板基板338之间。一个或更多个保持器330可以抵靠波纹形成板324的下侧或下方侧。在一些实施例中,泡沫绝缘体可以在波纹形成板324下方和天花板基板338上方被引入面板314中。一个或更多个保持器330可以隐藏或遮蔽波纹形成板324的一个或更多个槽纹348以减少例如泡沫绝缘体迁移到一个或更多个槽纹348中,否则这会阻挡从地板内构件332通过波纹形成板324和混凝土顶板的热传递的一部分。一个或更多个保持器330可以至少部分地限定材料层356以使其大小适于装配在框架328的托梁空腔350内。材料层356可以具有与托梁空腔350类似的长度和宽度尺寸,从而隐藏相邻的托梁340之间的波纹形成板324的所有槽纹348。材料层356可以是导热的并且可以被称为导热材料或热传导材料。在一些实施例中,材料层356可以由诸如铝或钢的金属形成。
绝热件334可以设置在波纹形成板324和天花板基板338之间。绝热件334可以设置在框架328的托梁空腔350中的材料层356下面。在一些实施例中,绝热件334可以是喷雾泡沫绝热件,例如闭孔喷雾泡沫绝热件。绝热件334可以具有小于材料层356和天花板基板338之间的距离的深度,以便在绝热件334和天花板基板338之间限定空腔或空间。消防喷淋管道,电气布线、数据线缆或水暖设备可以延伸穿过该空腔。在一些实施例中,绝热件334可以具有约2英寸至约8英寸的深度。在一些实施例中,绝热件334可以具有约4英寸的深度并且可以限定约6英寸的空间。在一些实施例中,绝热件334可以是由Icynene Inc.制造的闭孔喷雾泡沫。
天花板基板338可以附接到框架328,其中第二声音阻尼器336位于框架328和天花板基板338之间。天花板基板338可以依据建筑应用以各种尺寸形成。天花板基板338可以设置在多个托梁340下方并且附接到多个托梁340。天花板基板338可以延伸过框架328的整个长度和宽度以包围地板和天花板面板314的下侧。天花板基板338可以具有约4英尺的宽度,以及约8英尺的长度。天花板基板338可以具有在约四分之一英寸和约一英寸之间的厚度。在一些实施例中,天花板基板338可以具有约四分之三英寸的厚度。可以在组装框架328、波纹形成板324、一个或更多个保持器330、地板内辐射加热构件332、绝热件334和声音阻尼器326、336之后,例如用紧固件将天花板基板338固定到框架328上。声学天花板面板可以设置在天花板基板338下方,以完成面板下方的建筑物中的楼层的一部分的天花板。天花板基板338可以是不可燃材料,例如不可燃的水泥和纤维素纤维板。在一些实施例中,天花板基板338可以由一片氧化镁板和一片纤维板形成。在一些实施例中,天花板基板338可以由一片12毫米的氧化镁板和一片11毫米的纤维板形成。在一些实施例中,纤维板可以是由USArchitectural Products(以名称CemDeckTM销售)制造的不可燃的结构性纤维水泥板。
混凝土顶板可以设置在波纹形成板324上方。混凝土顶板可以形成设置在底板和天花板面板314上方的单元的轻质混凝土成品地板。混凝土顶板可以形成在波纹形成板324的顶部,以创建建筑隔膜,从而将横向载荷传递到建筑物的外框。混凝土顶板可以在建筑现场形成在预组装的地板和天花板面板314的顶部。混凝土顶板可以包括混合在混凝土中的整体颜色混合物以获得美观。混凝土顶板可以被涂抹以形成建筑单元的成品地板。在混凝土顶板固化之后,可以将密封剂施加到板上。在一些实施例中,混凝土顶板可以跨越建筑物的整个楼层。因此,可以使用多个地板和天花板面板来限定建筑物的地板,并且可以通过地板和天花板面板的集体来形成并支撑单个混凝土顶板。
图4提供了根据至少一些实施例的倒置的示例地板和天花板面板414的特写图示。图4例示了处于与通常可以使用地板和天花板面板倒置的位置的地板和天花板面板。也就是说,读者从面板的天花板部分穿过面板的内部看到面板的地板部分。图4示出了地板内辐射加热构件432、保持器430和托梁440的一部分。图4中描述的各种部件仅仅是示例,并且包括去除部件、组合部件和替换部件的其他变化都是可以预期的。
如图4所示,地板内辐射加热构件432的一部分可以设置在地板和天花板面板414的相邻的托梁440之间。地板内辐射加热构件432可以附接到波纹形成板424的下方侧。地板内辐射加热构件432可以形成为连续的环,并且可以通过位于相邻的托梁440之间的波纹形成板424下面的一个或更多个保持器430固定到波纹形成板424。保持器430可以将辐射加热构件432的一个或更多个笔直部分452固定到波纹形成板424,并且辐射加热构件432的横向延伸部分454可以在笔直部分452的端部之间延伸。
导热材料层456可以设置在保持器430的保持特征件458与波纹形成板424之间,以将来自辐射加热构件432的热量分配到波纹形成板424。材料层456可包括材料片460、保持器430的凸缘462或二者。材料片460可以设置在保持器430的凸缘462之间,并且可以覆盖露出在保持器430之间的波纹形成板424的槽纹448。材料片460可以附接到波纹形成板424的下侧、保持器430或二者。材料片460和凸缘462可以在各个隔间或托梁空腔450中形成阻挡层,并且可以防止诸如闭孔喷雾泡沫绝热材料的绝热材料侵入地板内辐射加热构件432和波纹形成板424之间的波纹形成板424的槽纹448。材料层456可以提供从辐射加热构件432通过波纹形成板424并进入混凝土顶板的均匀的辐射热传递,其可以用作在混凝土顶板上方的建筑物中的楼层的地板。在一些实施例中,材料片460和凸缘462可以被构造为单个的、连续的片材,并且可以限定整体的材料层456。保持器430、材料片460或二者可以由任何导热材料形成,诸如像铝或钢的金属、木材或塑料。
图5例示了处于与通常可以使用地板和天花板面板倒置的位置的地板和天花板面板。也就是说,面板的地板部分面向下。根据一些实施例(图5),现在在地板和天花板面板514中示出了地板内辐射加热构件532。地板内辐射加热构件532可以横向延伸通过根据本文所述的至少一些实施例布置的托梁540。图5中描述的各种部件仅仅是示例,并且包括去除部件、组合部件和替换部件的其他变化都是可以预期的。
框架的一个或更多个托梁540可以限定横向延伸穿过一个或更多个托梁540的多个孔。孔可以包括沿托梁540的中心线对准并沿托梁540的长度间隔开的第一组孔564。附加地或替代地,孔可以包括在第一组孔564的相邻孔之间的、从托梁540的中心线偏移并沿托梁540的长度间隔开的第二组孔566。第一组孔564可以包括椭圆形孔,并且第二组孔566可以包括圆形孔。第一组孔564的大小可以大于第二组孔566。
为了延伸到相邻的托梁空腔550中,辐射加热构件532可以延伸穿过托梁540中限定的一个或更多个孔566。如图5所示,辐射加热构件532可以延伸穿过与波纹形成板524的下侧间隔开小于托梁540的高度的三分之一的第二组孔566中的孔。孔566可以具有与辐射加热构件532的外部尺寸(例如外径)匹配的内部尺寸(例如内径)。虽然未示出,但是在孔566内可以容纳衬环,并且可以在衬环内部容纳辐射加热构件532,以防止辐射加热构件532从托梁540磨损。如图5所示,辐射加热构件532可以横向延伸穿过内托梁540并且沿托梁540在托梁空腔550内纵向延伸。辐射加热构件532可以横向穿过外托梁540中形成的孔延伸到相邻的地板和天花板面板中,使得辐射加热构件532可以连续地延伸穿过建筑物102的单元112的一个或更多个地板和天花板面板514。
辐射加热构件532可以附接到一个或更多个保持器530以将辐射加热构件532固定到波纹形成板524。保持器530可以沿相邻的托梁540之间的托梁空腔550的长度纵向定位。保持器530可以附接(例如粘合或焊接)到波纹形成板524的下方侧。材料片560可以位于托梁空腔550内的保持器530之间并且沿托梁空腔550的长度延伸。保持器530和材料片560可以形成覆盖波纹形成板524的材料层556。在一些实施例中,保持器530和材料片560可以形成为单个构件。
图6例示了地板和天花板面板的地板内辐射加热构件632和保持器630的实施例。辐射加热构件632可以部分地放置在保持器630内。保持器630可以附接到波纹形成板的下方侧。图6中描述的各种部件仅仅是示例,并且包括去除部件、组合部件和替换部件的其他变化都是可以预期的。
辐射加热构件632可以被压入纵向延伸的凹部668中,以将辐射加热构件632固定就位。保持器630可以包括位于保持特征件658的一侧或两侧的凸缘662。凸缘662可以形成为薄的细长板,并且可以具有矩形形状。保持特征件658可以是大致U形的,其具有附接到保持器630的封闭侧658a和与被构造为容纳辐射加热构件632的闭合侧658a相对的开口侧658b。保持器630可以被定向为使得凸缘662设置在波纹形成板624和保持特征件658之间。保持特征件658的凹部668可以在向下方向开口。在将辐射加热构件632插入保持器630期间,保持特征件658可以弹性变形,直到辐射加热构件632卡入保持器630的凹部668中为止,其中,辐射加热构件632可以通过保持特征件658被固定就位。保持器630可以由诸如铝或钢的导热材料形成,以将热量从辐射加热构件632传递到波纹形成板624并进入混凝土顶板中。保持器630可以被挤出形成。
图7提供了根据实施例的地板和天花板面板714的截面。一旦地板和天花板面板714被正确安装,混凝土顶板770就可以被浇筑在波纹形成板724上方。地板和天花板面板714可以包含第一和第二声音阻尼器726、736、一个或更多个保持器730、一个或更多个辐射加热构件732、材料片760、绝热件734、天花板基板738、一个或更多个声学天花板面板772、托梁740、水暖设备774、喷淋管道776以及电气线缆或布线778。图7中描述的各种部件仅仅是实施例,并且包括去除部件、组合部件以及替换部件的其他变化都是可以预期的。
混凝土顶板770可以在建筑现场形成在波纹形成板724的顶部。在一些实施例中,可以在建筑现场安装预组装的地板和天花板面板714之后,将混凝土顶板770置于(例如,浇筑)在波纹形成板724的顶部。混凝土顶板770可以为建筑物102创建结构隔膜。混凝土顶板770可以具有适合于建筑物102的厚度。在一些实施例中,混凝土顶板770可以具有在约1英寸和约12英寸之间的厚度。在一些实施例中,混凝土顶板770可以具有约3英寸的厚度。混凝土顶板770可以形成位于地板和天花板面板714正上方的单元的成品地板。
在建筑现场,一个或更多个声学天花板面板772可以沿天花板基板738的下侧或下方侧定位。在一些实施例中,可以在建筑现场安装预组装的地板和天花板面板714之后,将声学天花板面板772附接到天花板基板738。在一些实施例中,可以用钩和环紧固件将声学天花板面板772附接到天花板基板738。声学天花板面板772可以形成位于地板和天花板面板714正下方的单元的成品天花板。声学天花板面板772可以在相邻的面板之间具有从天花板基板738的接缝偏移的接缝。在一些实施例中,一个或更多个声学天花板面板772可以由百分之百的聚酯制成,并且可以由Acoustical Solutions来制造(以名称PolyPhonTMPolyester Acoustical Panels销售)。
第一和第二声音阻尼器726、736可以沿框架728的相对的上侧和下侧定位,以减轻上部和下部相邻的单元之间的声音传播。第一声音阻尼器726可以位于波纹形成板724和托梁740之间。第二声音阻尼器736可以位于天花板基板738和托梁740之间。第一和第二声音阻尼器726、736可以形成为沿托梁740的长度延伸的细长的材料条746。
托梁740可以在第一和第二阻尼器726、736之间垂直地延伸。一个或更多个内托梁740可以是I形的并且可以在相对的端部构件之间延伸。托梁740可以附接(例如,机加工、焊接、螺栓连接或粘合)到端部构件。一个或更多个托梁740可以由背对背附接的两个C形构件780形成。在一些实施例中,一个或更多个内托梁740可以由背对背紧固的两个构件780形成。C形构件可以以任何合适的方式被缝焊、螺栓连接、螺纹连接或紧固在一起。在一些实施例中,一个或更多个托梁740可以由I形梁形成。
保持器730可以附接到波纹形成板724。保持器730可以包括设置在与第一声音阻尼器726相同的平面中的凸缘或基部板762。框架728的各个托梁空腔750可以包括一个或更多个保持器730。中心托梁空腔750可以包括沿托梁740定位的一个、两个或更多个保持器730。保持器730的保持特征件758可以从凸缘76向下延伸。保持特征件758可以例如通过粘合、焊接或另一适当的附接方法附接到保持器的基座。由于过盈配合,辐射加热构件732可以保持在保持器730中。保持特征件758可以在将辐射加热构件732插入保持特征件758中时弹性变形。
绝热件734可以设置在波纹形成板724和天花板基板738之间。通过材料层756可以防止绝热件734进入波纹形成板724的槽纹中。材料片760和凸缘762可以形成材料层756。绝热件734可以与天花板基板738间隔开,以在绝热件734和天花板基板738之间限定空腔或空间782。绝热件734可以围绕保持器730的保持特征件758除了其上侧的全部,以限制来自辐射加热构件732的热量向下部单元112横向或向下辐射。绝热件734可以将来自辐射加热构件732的热量向上朝向混凝土顶板或地板770引导。来自辐射加热构件732的热量可以经由材料层756和波纹形成板724被传递到混凝土顶板770。在将波纹形成板724附接到框架728,将保持器730附接到波纹形成板724,并且将材料片760附接到波纹形成板724之后,可以将绝热层734置于(例如,喷射到)托梁空腔750中。
水暖设备774、喷淋管道776、电气线缆或布线778或其任何组合可以在绝热件734和天花板基板738之间设置在地板和天花板面板714内限定的空腔或空间782中。水暖设备774、喷淋管道776以及电气线缆或布线778可以位于绝热件734下方和天花板基板738上方。在安装水暖设备774、喷淋管道776、电气线缆或布线778或其任何组合之后,可以将天花板基板738安装成包围地板和天花板面板714的下侧。
图8例示了例示根据本文所描述的至少一些实施例布置的构造用于建筑物的地板系统的示例方法的流程图。框804记载了“将预组装的地板和天花板面板附接到建筑物的框架”,框806记载了“将混凝土浇筑在预组装的地板和天花板面板的波纹形成板上”。例如,可以使用在前面的图中所示的地板和天花板面板、外部框架以及建筑物来实现图8的方法800。回想预组装的面板可以包括多个托梁、设置在多个托梁上方并附接到多个托梁的波纹形成板、设置在多个托梁下方并附接到多个托梁的天花板基板、以及设置在波纹形成板和天花板基板之间的地板内辐射加热构件。辐射加热构件可以通过波纹形成板与混凝土分离。
在所描述的示例方法中包括的块用于说明的目的。在一些实施例中,可以以不同的顺序来执行块。在一些其他实施例中,可以消除各个块。在其他实施例中,可以将各个块划分成附加块,补充其他块,或者一起组合成更少的块。这些特定块的其他变化是可以预期的,包括块的顺序的改变,被划分或组合成其他块的块的内容的改变等。
在框804中,可以将地板和天花板面板附接到建筑物的框架。例如,可以将地板和天花板面板附接到外部金属结构,这可以为建筑物提供结构支撑。通常,可以使用任何机构来将地板和天花板面板或多个地板和天花板面板附接到建筑物的框架(例如外部金属结构)。通常可以使用任何类型的紧固件。
在框806中,可以将混凝土浇筑在地板和天花板面板上。如本文所述,在一些实施例中,浇筑混凝土可以形成建筑物的隔膜,其可以跨越建筑物的整个楼层。以这种方式,在地板和天花板被定位在所需的楼层之后,可以以建筑物的楼层的完整高度浇筑混凝土,从而形成该楼层中的单元的地板。
实施例1
在第一非限制性示例中,地板和天花板面板可以包括框架、地板基板和天花板基板。框架可以由诸如铝或钢的金属制成。或者,框架可以由木材制成。地板基板可以是由诸如铝或钢的金属制成的波纹形成板,并且可以沿框架的上侧附接到框架。天花板基板可以由纤维水泥板制成,并且可以沿框架的下侧附接到框架。加热管道可以穿过由面板限定的一个或多个托梁空腔,并且可以附接到波纹形成板的下侧。加热管道可以由诸如交联聚乙烯的塑料制成。隔音材料可以位于框架和波纹形成板之间以及框架和天花板基板之间。隔音材料可以由诸如橡胶的弹性体材料制成。可以将三英寸的混凝土层浇筑在波纹形成板的顶部,使得加热管道通过波纹形成板与混凝土分离。喷雾泡沫绝热件,例如闭孔喷雾泡沫绝热件,可以被喷射到加热管道下面的一个或更多个托梁空腔中,以减轻在向下方向上向天花板基板的热辐射。
实施例2
在第二非限制性示例中,地板和天花板面板可以包括框架、地板基板和天花板基板。框架可以由木材或诸如WPC的木制品制成。地板基板可以由木材制成,并且可以沿框架的上侧附接到框架。天花板基板可以由木材制成,并且可以沿框架的下侧附接到框架。诸如加热管道或电加热元件的加热构件可以穿过由面板限定的一个或多个托梁空腔,并且可以附接到地板基板的下侧。隔音材料可以位于框架和地板基板之间以及框架和天花板基板之间。隔音材料可以由诸如弹性体的减振材料形成。可以将地板材料(例如木材、可模制或可浇筑的材料、瓷砖或混凝土)置于地板基板的顶部以形成成品地板表面。可以将绝热件置于在加热构件和天花板基板之间的一个或更多个托梁空腔中,以减轻在向下方向上向天花板基板的热辐射。
实施例3
在第三示例中,地板和天花板面板可以包括框架、地板基板和天花板基板。框架可以由纤维增强复合材料形成。地板基板可以由纤维水泥板形成,并且可以沿框架的上侧附接到框架。天花板基板可以由纤维水泥板形成,并且可以沿框架的下侧附接到框架。诸如流体加热管道或电加热元件的加热构件可以穿过由面板限定的一个或多个托梁空腔,并且可以附接到地板基板的下侧。隔音材料可以位于框架和地板基板之间以及框架和天花板基板之间。隔音材料可以由市售的诸如弹性体的减振材料形成。可以在地板基板的顶部形成可模制或可浇筑的材料(例如混凝土)层。可以将绝缘层置于加热构件周围的一个或更多个托梁空腔中,以减轻在向下方向上向天花板基板的热辐射。
所提供的示例仅是示例性目的,不应当被视为限制本公开范围。包括预组装的地板和天花板面板114的预组装的地板和天花板面板的实施例可以提供可在低层、中层和高层住宅项目中使用的地板和天花板系统等等。面板可以被配置为符合以下一个或更多个建筑规范:火、能量、障碍、生命安全和声学(冲击和环境噪声传递)。在一些实施例中,预组装的地板和天花板面板可以被认为是满足火、声音冲击、能量和寿命/安全规范的完全一体化的子组件。在一些实施例中,地板和天花板面板可以与电气、防火、节能和隔音能力完全一体化。地板和天花板面板可以被设计成实现由适用的建筑规范设置的防火等级,例如两小时防火等级。在一些实施例中,面板可以为建筑单元(例如图1中的单元112)提供加热系统。
本文所述的地板和天花板面板可以在工厂或车间场外制造并运输到项目作业现场,以附接到建筑物的结构框架(例如结构性外骨骼)。可以按各种大小(例如8英尺×22英尺)制造面板。可以在逐个项目的基础上预制较小的填充板,以完成建筑物地板系统。在建筑现场,可以将面板附接到端墙、让位墙、实用墙、建筑物设施或其任何组合。地板和天花板面板可以提供总体地板系统的支撑,其可以包括在现场浇筑的混凝土顶板,从而为建筑物创建结构隔膜。
地板和天花板面板可以提供地板基板和天花板基板。诸如轻规格框架的框架可以支撑地板基板。在一些实施例中,地板基板是波纹形成板,并且轻质混凝土成品地板形成在波纹形成板的顶部。在地面基板的对面,框架可以支撑诸如纤维水泥板的天花板基板。地板内辐射加热构件、声音和能量隔绝层、用于隔音地板的声音阻尼器、消防喷淋管道、电气布线和数据线缆或其任何组合可以位于地板和天花板基板之间。
本公开不受在本申请中所描述的特定实施例限制,这些特定实施例意在作为各个方面的示例。本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不偏离其精神和范围的情况下,能够进行各种改进和变型。根据前面的说明,除了本文列举的那些之外,在本公开范围内的功能上等同的方法和装置对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。旨在这些改进方案和变型例落在随附权利要求书的范围内。连同这些权利要求书所给予权利的等同方案的整个范围内,本公开仅受所附权利要求书限制。将理解的是,本公开不限于特定的方法、试剂、化合物、组合物或生物系统,当然这些可以变化。还应理解的是,本文所使用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施例的目的,而不意在限制。
关于本文中基本上任何复数和/或单数术语的使用,本领域技术人员能够根据上下文和/或应用适当地从复数变换成单数和/或从单数变换成复数。为了清楚的目的,本文中明确地阐明了各单数/复数的置换。
本领域技术人员将理解,一般地,本文所使用的术语,尤其是所附权利要求(例如,所附权利要求的主体)中所使用的术语,通常意在为“开放式”术语(例如,术语“包括”应当解释为“包括但不限于”,术语“具有”应解释为“至少具有”,术语“包含”应解释为“包含但不限于”等)。
本领域技术人员还理解,如果意图表达引导性权利要求记述项的具体数量,该意图将明确地记述在权利要求中,并且在不存在这种记述的情况下,不存在这样的意图。例如,为辅助理解,下面的所附权利要求可能包含了引导性短语“至少一个”和“一个或多个”的使用以引导权利要求记述项。然而,这种短语的使用不应解释为暗指不定冠词“一”或“一个”引导权利要求记述项将包含该所引导的权利要求记述项的任何特定权利要求局限于仅包含一个该记述项的实施例,即使当同一权利要求包括了引导性短语“一个或多个”或“至少一个”以及诸如“一”或“一个”的不定冠词(例如,“一”和/或“一个”应当解释为表示“至少一个”或“一个或多个”);这同样适用于对于用于引导权利要求记述项的定冠词的使用。另外,即使明确地记述了被引导的权利要求记述项的具体数量,本领域技术人员将理解到这些记述项应当解释为至少表示所记述的数量(例如,没有其他修饰语的裸记述“两个记述项”表示至少两个记述项或两个以上的记述项)。
此外,在使用类似于“A、B和C等中的至少一个”的惯用法的那些实例中,通常这样的构造旨在表达本领域技术人员理解该惯用法的含义(例如,“具有A、B和C中的至少一个的系统”将包括但不限于仅具有A、仅具有B、仅具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B和C等的系统)。在使用类似于“A、B或C等中的至少一个”的惯用法的那些实例中,通常这样的构造旨在表达本领域技术人员理解该惯用法的含义(例如,“具有A、B或C中的至少一个的系统”将包括但不限于仅具有A、仅具有B、仅具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B和C等的系统)。本领域技术人员将进一步理解,呈现两个以上可选项的几乎任何分离词和/或短语,无论是在说明书、权利要求或附图中,都应理解为设想包括一项、任一项或两项的可能性。例如,术语“A或B”将理解为包括“A”或“B”或“A和B”的可能性。
另外,在根据马库什组(Markush group)描述本公开的特征或方面的情况下,本领域技术人员将理解的是本公开也因此以马库什组的任何独立成员或成员的子组来描述。
本领域技术人员将理解的是,为了任何以及全部的目的,诸如在提供所撰写的说明书方面,本文所公开的全部范围也涵盖了任何和全部的可能的子范围及其子范围的组合。能够容易地认识到任何所列范围都充分地描述了同一范围并且使同一范围分解成至少均等的一半、三分之一、四分之一、五分之一、十分之一等。作为非限制示例,本文所论述的每个范围能够容易地分解成下三分之一、中三分之一和上三分之一等。本领域技术人员还将理解的是,诸如“多达”、“至少”等所有的语言包括所记述的数量并且是指如上文所论述随后能够分解成子范围的范围。最后,本领域技术人员将理解的是,范围包括每个独立的成员。因此,例如,具有1-3个单元的组是指具有1个、2个或3个单元的组。类似地,具有1-5个单元的组是指具有1个、2个、3个、4个、或5个单元的组等。
尽管上述详细描述已经通过使用框图、流程图和/或实施例阐述了设备和/或处理的各种实施例,但是这些框图、流程图和/或实施例包含一个或更多个功能和/或操作,本领域技术人员将理解的是,这些框图、流程图或实施例中的各个功能和/或操作可以通过广泛的硬件、软件、固件或其实际上任何组合来单独和/或集体地实现。
本文描述的主题有时例示了包含在不同的其他部件内或与不同的其他部件相连接的不同部件。应当理解的是,这样描述的架构仅仅是示例,并且实际上可以实现实现相同功能的许多其他架构。在概念意义上,实现相同功能的部件的任何布置被有效地“关联”,使得实现期望的功能。因此,这里组合以实现特定功能的任何两个部件可被视为彼此“相关联”,使得实现期望的功能,而不管架构或中间部件如何。同样地,如此相关联的任何两个部件也可以被看作是彼此“可操作地连接”或“可操作地耦合”,以实现期望的功能,并且能够如此相关联的任何两个组件也可以被看作是彼此“可操作地可耦合”,以实现期望的功能。可操作地可耦合的具体实施例包括但不限于物理上可匹配的和/或物理上相互作用的部件和/或无线相互作用的和/或无线相互作用的部件和/或逻辑上相互作用的和/或逻辑上可相互作用的组分。
虽然本文已经公开了各种方面和实施例,但是其他方面和实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。本文公开的各个方面和实施例是为了说明的目的而不是限制性的,其真实范围和精神由所附权利要求书指出。
Claims (23)
1.一种在建筑物中使用的预组装的地板和天花板面板,所述面板包括:
多个托梁;
波纹形成板,设置在所述多个托梁上方并附接到所述多个托梁;
天花板基板,设置在所述多个托梁下方并附接到所述多个托梁;以及
地板内辐射加热构件,设置在所述波纹形成板和天花板基板之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板,还包括设置在所述波纹形成板和所述多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的面板,还包括设置在所述天花板基板和所述多个托梁之间的声音阻尼器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的面板,其中,所述多个托梁中的一个或更多个托梁限定横向延伸穿过所述一个或更多个托梁的多个孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的面板,其中,地板内辐射加热构件延伸穿过所述一个或更多个托梁的所述多个孔中的一个或更多个孔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的面板,还包括设置在所述波纹形成板和所述天花板基板之间的绝热件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的面板,还包括设置在所述波纹形成板下方的材料层,所述材料层覆盖所述波纹形成板的一个或更多个槽纹,以限制所述绝热件到所述一个或更多个槽纹中的迁移。
8.根据权利要求7所述的面板,其中,所述材料层是导热的。
9.根据权利要求7所述的面板,其中,所述地板内辐射加热构件附接到所述材料层。
10.根据权利要求6所述的面板,还包括设置在所述绝热件和所述天花板基板之间限定的一个或更多个空腔中的水暖设备、喷淋管道或电气布线。
11.根据权利要求1所述的面板,其中,所述地板内辐射加热构件包括加热管道。
12.根据权利要求1所述的面板,其中,所述地板内辐射加热构件包括电加热元件。
13.根据权利要求1所述的面板,还包括设置在所述波纹形成板上方的地板材料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的面板,其中,所述地板材料包括混凝土。
15.一种在建筑物中使用的面板,所述面板包括:
多个托梁;
波纹形成板,设置在所述多个托梁上方并附接到所述多个托梁;以及
声音阻尼器,设置在所述波纹形成板和所述多个托梁之间。
16.根据权利要求15所述的面板,其中,所述声音阻尼器包括与所述多个托梁对准的多个材料带。
17.根据权利要求15所述的面板,还包括:
天花板基板,位于所述多个托梁下方并附接到所述多个托梁;以及
声音阻尼器,设置在所述天花板基板和所述多个托梁之间。
18.根据权利要求17所述的面板,还包括设置在所述波纹形成板和所述天花板基板之间的辐射加热构件。
19.根据权利要求17所述的面板,还包括设置在所述波纹形成板和所述天花板基板之间的绝热件。
20.根据权利要求15所述的面板,还包括抵靠所述波纹形成板的下表面的导热材料,所述导热材料跨越所述波纹形成板的多个槽纹。
21.根据权利要求20所述的面板,还包括设置在所述导热材料下方并附接到所述导热材料的辐射加热构件。
22.一种构建用于建筑物的地板系统的方法,包括:
将第一预组装面板附接到所述建筑物的框架,其中,所述第一预组装面板包括:多个托梁;设置在所述多个托梁上方并附接到所述多个托梁的波纹形成板;设置在所述多个托梁下方并附接到所述多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在所述波纹形成板和所述天花板基板之间的辐射加热构件;以及
将混凝土浇筑到所述波纹形成板上,其中,所述辐射加热构件通过所述波纹形成板与所述混凝土分离。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,还包括:
将第二预组装面板附接到所述建筑物的框架,其中,所述第二预组装面板包括:多个托梁;设置在所述多个托梁上方并附接到所述多个托梁的波纹形成板;设置在所述多个托梁下方并附接到所述多个托梁的天花板基板;以及设置在所述波纹形成板和所述天花板基板之间的辐射加热管道;以及
将所述第一预组装面板和所述第二预组装面板与材料带附接在一起以覆盖所述面板之间的接缝。
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EP3805477B1 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
EP3186561B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
KR101991055B1 (ko) | 2019-06-19 |
US20170299198A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
EP3186561A4 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
WO2016033429A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
US11054148B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
CA2962552A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
CA2962552C (en) | 2019-08-13 |
CN107148540B (zh) | 2019-11-26 |
EP3186561A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
EP3805477A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
KR20170083027A (ko) | 2017-07-17 |
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