ES2574012T3 - Composiciones ligeras - Google Patents

Composiciones ligeras Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2574012T3
ES2574012T3 ES06736128.7T ES06736128T ES2574012T3 ES 2574012 T3 ES2574012 T3 ES 2574012T3 ES 06736128 T ES06736128 T ES 06736128T ES 2574012 T3 ES2574012 T3 ES 2574012T3
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ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
central body
cementitious composition
embedded
concrete
polymer matrix
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
ES06736128.7T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tricia Guevara
Michael T. Williams
David A. Cowan
John K. Madish
Kolapo Adewale
Roger Moore
Jay Bowman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nova Chemicals Inc
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Nova Chemicals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of ES2574012T3 publication Critical patent/ES2574012T3/es
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B16/08—Macromolecular compounds porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads or microballoons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E04B5/043—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement having elongated hollow cores
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/10—Compositions or ingredients thereof characterised by the absence or the very low content of a specific material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/30—Nailable or sawable materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y10T428/249968—Of hydraulic-setting material

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

Panel de construcción compuesto que comprende: un cuerpo central (142, 342, 442), sustancialmente de forma paralelepipédica, que comprende una matriz de polímero expandido, que tiene caras opuestas, una superficie superior y una superficie inferior opuesta; por lo menos una estructura de montantes de estructura embebidos (144, 146, 344, 444, 446) que se extienden longitudinalmente a través del cuerpo central (142, 342, 442) entre dichas caras opuestas, presentando un primer extremo embebido en la matriz de polímero expandido, un segundo extremo que se extiende alejándose de la superficie inferior del cuerpo central, y uno o más orificios de expansión situados en el montante embebido entre el primer extremo del montante embebido y la superficie inferior del cuerpo central (142, 342, 442), en el que el cuerpo central (142, 342, 442) comprende una matriz de polímero que se expande a través de los orificios de expansión; caracterizado por el hecho de que el panel de construcción compuesto comprende, además, una capa de hormigón (202, 370, 469, 470) que comprende una composición cementosa ligera que cubre por lo menos una parte de la superficie superior y/o la superficie inferior; en el que la composición cementosa ligera comprende: entre un 22 y un 90 por ciento en volumen de una composición cementosa; y entre un 10 y un 78 por ciento en volumen de partículas que tienen un diámetro de partícula medio de entre 0,2 mm y 8 mm, una densidad aparente de entre 0,03 g/cc y 0,64 g/cc, un factor de forma entre 1 y 3, en el que la composición cementosa ligera, cuando fragua, presenta una resistencia a la compresión de por lo menos 1700 psi ensayado de acuerdo con ASTM C39.

Description

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en algunos casos de por lo menos 1700 psi (119,5 kgf/cm2), en otros casos de por lo menos 1800 psi (126,5 kgf/cm2), en algunos casos de por lo menos 1900 psi, y en otros casos de por lo menos 2000 psi (140,6 kgf/cm2). Para hormigón estructural ligero las composiciones pueden tener una resistencia a la compresión mínima de por lo menos 2500 psi (175,8 kgf/cm2). Las resistencias a la compresión se determinan según la norma ASTM C39.
Las composiciones de la invención son muy adecuadas para la fabricación de artículos y materiales de construcción moldeados, incluyendo ejemplos no limitativos de dichos paneles de pared paneles de pared inclinados, vigas en T, vigas de doble T, tejas, paneles de techo, paneles de tejado, paneles de suelo, vigas en I, muros de cimentación y similares. Las composiciones presentan una resistencia mayor que las composiciones de LWC de la técnica anterior.
En una realización de la invención, los artículos y materiales de construcción moldeados pueden ser prefabricados y/o pretensados.
Una ventaja particular de que proporciona la presente invención es que la composición de hormigón fraguado y/o los artículos de construcción moldeados formados a partir de tales composiciones pueden cortarse y/o seccionarse fácilmente, utilizando métodos convencionales en lugar de tener que utilizar hormigón especializado o cuchillas de corte con punta de diamante y/o sierras. Esto proporciona un considerable ahorro de tiempo y costes cuando se personalizan artículos de hormigón.
Las composiciones pueden moldearse fácilmente en moldes de acuerdo con métodos bien conocidos por los expertos en la materia para tejas en prácticamente cualquier configuración tridimensional deseada, incluyendo configuraciones que presentan ciertas texturas tópicas tales como presentar la apariencia tablas de ripia, tejas de pizarra o baldosas de cerámica de cara lisa. Una teja típica puede presentar unas dimensiones aproximadas de diez pulgadas de ancho por diez y siete pulgadas de largo, por una pulgada y tres cuartos de grosor. En el moldeado de materiales de techo, la adición de un agente de entrada de aire hace que el producto final sea más resistente a la intemperie en términos de resistencia a la degradación por congelación/descongelación.
Cuando se vierten muros de cimentación utilizando las composiciones de LWC de la invención, las paredes pueden ser de una mayor calidad debido al menor peso. Normalmente, la parte inferior de la pared de cimiento tiene una tendencia a extenderse hacia fuera por el peso de la mezcla de hormigón, pero el menor peso de las composiciones de la invención tiende a disminuir las posibilidades de que esto ocurra. Las paredes de cimientos preparadas utilizando las presentes composiciones de LWC pueden tomar fácilmente elementos de sujeción convencionales que se utilizan en la construcción de muros de cimentación convencionales.
Las realizaciones de la presente invención proporcionan un sistema de formación de hormigón aislante que queda en el lugar el cual es de naturaleza continua con una longitud limitada solamente por limitaciones de transporte y manipulación, si la presente composición de hormigón ligero se vierte y se deja fraguar en el sistema de formación de hormigón aislante. El presente sistema de hormigón aislante incluye dos caras opuestas de plástico de espuma, que contienen una matriz de polímero expandido, conectadas internamente y separadas entre sí por elementos estructurales metálicos perforados. Las caras de plástico de espuma y los elementos metálicos de separación quedan alineados dentro del molde para correctamente posicionar verticalmente y horizontalmente acero de refuerzo de hormigón, permitiendo al mismo tiempo un flujo de hormigón adecuado y unas uniones operativas de acabado. El moldeado en piezas estructurales de acero actúa como refuerzo interno manteniendo los moldes rectos y alineados durante la colocación del hormigón eliminando la necesidad de la mayoría de bloqueos externos.
Otra realización ilustrativa proporciona también moldes de hormigón aislante pre-formados, en los que puede formarse la presente composición de hormigón ligero, que incluye uno o más elementos estructurales o barras de refuerzo que discurren longitudinalmente, cuyos extremos se encuentran por lo menos parcialmente incorporados en unos cuerpos de polímero expandido orientados de manera opuesta. El resto del (de los) elemento(s) de refuerzo estructural(es), la parte entre los cuerpos de polímero expandido, quedan expuestos por lo menos parcialmente. Las partes de los extremos que están encapsuladas en la matriz de polímero expandido pueden proporcionar una rotura de puente térmico del entorno exterior. Los elementos estructurales de refuerzo pueden presentar pestañas longitudinalmente en cada lado para formar puntos de anclaje para objetos externos al panel. Las perforaciones en los elementos estructurales de refuerzo en las partes extremas que están encapsuladas en la matriz de polímero expandido permiten la fusión de las partículas de polímero expansible perpendicularmente. Las perforaciones en la parte expuesta del elemento estructural de refuerzo proporcionan puntos de sujeción para refuerzos y/o barras de refuerzo laterales y permiten un flujo de hormigón uniforme cuando el hormigón se vierte en el presente molde de hormigón aislado. Un diseño de lengüeta y ranura o de puntos de conexión superpuestos proporciona un tope para el panel a la vez que se mantiene la integridad del molde de hormigón. Unos orificios longitudinales pueden discurrir a través de la matriz de polímero expandido y pueden ser de diámetro y ubicación variable para proporcionar áreas para la colocación de servicios, aligeramiento de la estructura y canales para la ventilación de gases. La fabricación de los paneles se lleva a cabo mediante el uso de un proceso de moldeo semi-continuo o continuo que permite longitudes de panel variables.
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Claims (1)

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ES06736128.7T 2005-02-25 2006-02-24 Composiciones ligeras Active ES2574012T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65659605P 2005-02-25 2005-02-25
US656596P 2005-02-25
US66412005P 2005-03-22 2005-03-22
US66423005P 2005-03-22 2005-03-22
US664120P 2005-03-22
US664230P 2005-03-22
US68685805P 2005-06-02 2005-06-02
US686858P 2005-06-02
US72883905P 2005-10-21 2005-10-21
US728839P 2005-10-21
PCT/US2006/006727 WO2006091882A2 (en) 2005-02-25 2006-02-24 Lightweight compositions and articles containing such

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2574012T3 true ES2574012T3 (es) 2016-06-14

Family

ID=36928079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES06736128.7T Active ES2574012T3 (es) 2005-02-25 2006-02-24 Composiciones ligeras

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (3) US7666258B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1851396B1 (es)
AU (1) AU2006216460A1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0607377A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2598172C (es)
ES (1) ES2574012T3 (es)
MX (1) MX2007009959A (es)
WO (1) WO2006091882A2 (es)

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US7964272B2 (en) 2011-06-21
US20060201090A1 (en) 2006-09-14

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