CN101821462A - 能量供应装置 - Google Patents

能量供应装置 Download PDF

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CN101821462A
CN101821462A CN200880025484A CN200880025484A CN101821462A CN 101821462 A CN101821462 A CN 101821462A CN 200880025484 A CN200880025484 A CN 200880025484A CN 200880025484 A CN200880025484 A CN 200880025484A CN 101821462 A CN101821462 A CN 101821462A
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CN101821462B (zh
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莱夫·安德斯·伊尔肯
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    • F24S10/73—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being of plastic material
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    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/64—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of floor constructions, grounds or roads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2203/00—Specially structured or shaped covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2203/04—Specially structured or shaped covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for comprising a plurality of internal elongated cavities arranged in substantially parallel rows
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及收集能量、传送能量、和释放能量，以及冷却和储存能量的能量供应装置，该能量供应器(1)具有至少一个细长腔穴(2)，由在挤出方向(4)上用至少一个工具挤出至少一个型材(3)而制成，所述腔穴(2)为例如空气或流体的至少一种介质(17)提供在能量供应器(1)中循环或存储的空间。所述腔穴(2)由至少一个构件(5)包围，所述构件(5)构成例如壁构件、底构件或顶构件，所述构件(5)构成活动支撑结构(6)的至少一部分，所述活动支撑结构(6)用于直接或间接地机械支撑载荷，同时形成了结构元件(7)的至少一部分，例如用以形成屋顶、墙壁、板材、桥梁、桥墩、公路、人行道、露台或阳台，所述活动支撑结构(6)静态地具有预定的壁厚，且是能量供应器(1)最坚固的部分，用于支撑主要沿横向于挤出方向(4)的方向的载荷，所述活动支撑结构(6)在横向于挤出方向(4)的虚拟截面中包括至少一个梁构件(8)，所述梁构件的静态尺寸确定为抵受预定的载荷，并被构造为例如I型、L型、O型、T型、U型、V型、X型、Y型或Z型梁。

Description

能量供应装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于收集、传送、储存、冷却和释放能量的能量供应装置。能量供应器具有在一个挤出方向上用工具挤出型材而产生的细长腔穴。然后，该腔穴为例如空气或流体的介质提供空间，以从能量供应器吸收能量/释放能量到能量供应器。按照本发明，腔穴由壁构件、底构件和顶构件包围，它们构成了被设计为活动地支撑结构元件的活动支撑结构(actively supporting strucutre)，同时它们也构成了能量供应器的一部分。
背景技术
就目前市场上的所述类型的结构而言，简单的能量供应器被用于收集、传送、释放和储存能量。各种类型的具有腔穴(如简单的挤出型材，例如塑料软管)的太阳能收集器被布置在不同结构的元件上，以吸收廉价的太阳能储存起来(对于气候较为寒冷的国家是在夏季，而对于气候较为温暖、阳光充足的国家则是在全年)，然后以热水的形式排放出来。也可以借助泵或自循环在腔穴内循环流通水或其它介质，以吸收和释放能量。此外，可以使较冷的水在能量供应器中循环流通以冷却各类房屋。这些结构的问题在于：它们必须被锚固在具有支撑特征的结构元件(例如屋顶、墙壁、板材等)上，这带来了额外的成本，且因为它们要从结构元件上伸出而不美观。然后，能量供应器必须用昂贵的紧固结构锚固在结构元件上，这是不美观的，且要占据空间，需要结构元件中的开口并导致结构元件的渗漏。能量供应器在装满水后会变得沉重，因此结构元件必须加固到支持此额外的载荷之上。此外，不能将现有的能量供应器安置在公路、桥梁、露台、阳台等上，因为它们无法活动地支撑行人和车辆载荷而不发生故障。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于通过以下手段消除上述结构的缺陷，该手段为例如通过壁构件、底构件或房屋构件包围包含有介质的能量供应器内的腔穴，以形成活动支撑结构，该活动支撑结构机械地支撑并构成整个结构结构元件或不同结构元件的一些部分，例如屋顶、墙壁、板材、桥梁、桥墩、公路、人行道、露台或阳台，同时也作为能量供应器的一部分。
本发明提供了一种能量供应器，该能量供应器的特征在于其活动地支撑载荷并形成不同结构元件的一部分，其不但能同时作为太阳能收集器和能量发送器(例如散热器)来收集和释放太阳能，而且有时还构成了能量储存器(例如储蓄槽)，还能够利用在多个能量供应器中循环的冷水来冷却房屋。这是通过以下手段而实现的：即在工具中沿一个挤出方向挤出，以形成具有在挤出方向上延伸的细长腔穴的细长型材，从而制造出能量供应器。该腔穴为例如空气或流体的介质提供循环通过或储存其中的空间。按照本发明，腔穴由构件包围，所述构件构成例如壁构件、底构件或顶构件，所述构件形成用于机械地支撑部分结构元件(例如屋顶、墙壁、板材、桥梁、桥墩、公路、人行道、露台或阳台)的活动支撑结构的一部分。这就在能量供应器中产生了活动支撑结构，该活动支撑结构同时构成了结构元件的一部分，其中静态地，支撑结构是能量供应器中强度最高的部分，用于吸收主要横向于挤出方向的载荷。在本发明的优选具体实施方式中，该支撑结构在横向于挤出方向的虚拟截面中具有梁构件，该梁构件的静态尺寸被确定为承受预定的载荷。然后，该梁构件被构造为例如I型、L型、O型、T型、U型、V型、X型、Y型或Z型梁。这就构成了整个型材或是型材的一部分，其与纵向的中间元件或构造为单独的元件相组合，该单独的元件由单独的型材构成，不具有梁构件的支撑功能。该单独的元件可以由易于接收太阳能的透明塑料挤出成型。为了有效地吸收太阳能，用再生塑料和/或橡胶材料(例如带有或不带有增强纤维)挤出黑色或深色的整个型材是简单且成本低廉的。制造出的能量供应器是细长的箱型构件，具有多个平行延伸并被布置为彼此邻接、长侧相抵靠的腔穴。能量收集器通过入口注入介质并通过出口排出。在多个能量供应器之间的循环过程中，这是通过在封闭系统中的入口和出口发生的。该箱型构件具有底侧、两个长侧、上侧和两个相对端头。该箱型构件的厚度相对其长度和宽度而言非常小。底侧和上侧由梁构件的一些部分构成，带有或不带有固定的或可拆卸的中间元件。上侧的一些部分产生了用于通过介质吸收/释放能量的曝露表面。该曝露表面被构造为约2-16mm厚的薄壁，其朝向能量供应器外的周围外界空气，并对着太阳的能量，与较厚的活动支撑部分相比，该薄壁使得介质能更容易地吸收或释放能量。为了进一步提高效率，当能量供应器被用作太阳能收集器时，细长的腔穴设置有隔热层，以减少通过底部的能量循环，接近朝向底部的波纹构件。该隔热层由例如泡沫塑料(frigolite)、矿毛绝缘纤维、玻璃绒构成，它由朝向水形式的介质的密封层保护，以抵抗介质的作用。该型材沿纵向挤出并切成预定的长度。开放端头用密封元件进行密封。为了能够循环并确保所有的腔穴都填充介质，在密封元件内或者是通过包围构件中的开口，在腔穴之间横向于挤出方向产生连通。没有用密封元件密封的端头构成了能够与通向腔穴的其它开口连通的开口，或是通过长侧、底侧或上侧的开口，使得介质在多个连通在一起的能量供应器中循环流通或是储存其中。为了能够在结构元件为扁平状，例如为屋顶、板材、铺板、桥墩、桥梁、公路等环境下使用所述能量供应器，底侧和上侧被制成扁平且平行的。因此，型材挤出有布置在各自的长侧凹凸榫(rebate)/折叠件(fold)，以类似具有连接功能的板材，或构成彼此面对的折叠支撑件，这样就可以建立起结构元件。当能量供应器被用来接收强度为800-2000W/m2(根据其所处的位置)的太阳能时，为了提供良好的能量交换，需要这样的的能量供应器，该能量供应器具有彼此邻接的细长腔穴，且具有容纳约5-20升流体(优选为水)量的每米长度容量。因此，能量被吸收到多个能量供应器上，该多个能量供应器布置在外侧，延伸总长约100-500米，且彼此直接或间接面对，并一起容纳约2-5m3循环水。它们在室内传送、储存并释放能量到第二系列上，该第二系列覆盖约100-500米，这意味着不需要有储蓄槽(accumulatortank)。唯一需要的可能是循环泵，但自循环可能也足够了。
因此，本发明最显著的优点是，提供了非常简单、便宜、美观大方且易于维护的能量供应器，其在预定的点具有用于支撑和形成部分结构元件的活动支撑结构，这就是为何不需要装配或加强的原因。能量供应器构成结构元件自身而不需要组装，其可以由再生的聚合物(例如塑料和橡胶)来制造。
附图说明：
下面将借助一些优选具体实施方式并参考附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了能量供应器的一部分的透视图；
图2示出了沿挤出方向穿过能量供应器的一部分的水平截面图；
图3示出了梁构件中横向于挤出方向的能量供应器的竖直横截面图。
具体实施方式：
从图1和2中可见示出的能量供应器1，其具有多个通过在挤出方向4上挤出型材3而产生的细长腔穴2。腔穴2为介质17(例如水)提供在能量供应器1内循环或储存的空间。每个腔穴2由被称为构件5的壁构件、底构件或顶构件包围，它们构成了用以支撑载荷的活动支撑结构6的一部分，并构成了结构元件7的整体或部分。在一个实施方式中，能量供应器1中仅布置了一个腔穴2，其优选以圆形的形状延伸。该能量供应器1自身包括细长的箱型构件10，该箱型构件10具有底侧11、两个长侧12、上侧13和两个相对端头14。
由图2可见，细长腔穴2被布置为彼此靠近。介质17通过入口23注入并通过出口24排出，构成用于填充/排出/循环介质17的软管/管子25。端头14具有由密封元件18密封的开口16。细长腔穴2被布置为彼此邻接，且它们之间通过包围构件5中的开口15连通介质17。
由图3可见，图中示出了活动支撑结构6，该活动支撑结构6例如在虚拟截面中类似梁构件8，其被构造为连接到也由型材3构成的纵向单独元件9的“Y”型。细长腔穴2的底构件衬有隔热层19以减少通过底11的能量循环。隔热层19通过密封层20被保护免受流体作用。上侧13具有曝露表面21，该曝露表面21被构造为用于有效吸收或释放能量的薄壁22，且其被设计为构成中间元件9的型材3，该中间元件可以拆卸和更换，并由透明塑料制成或具有单独的玻璃窗格(glasspane)的形式。

Claims (10)

1.用于收集能量、传送能量、和释放能量，以及冷却和储存能量的能量供应装置，所述能量供应器(1)具有至少一个细长的腔穴(2)，所述腔穴(2)由在挤出方向(4)上用至少一个工具挤出至少一个型材(3)而制成，所述腔穴(2)为例如空气或流体的至少一种介质(17)提供在能量供应器(1)中循环或存储的空间，其特征在于：腔穴(2)由至少一个构件(5)包围，所述构件(5)构成例如壁构件、底构件或顶构件，所述构件(5)构成活动支撑结构(6)的至少一部分，所述活动支撑结构(6)用于直接或间接地机械支撑载荷，同时形成结构元件(7)的至少一部分，该结构元件(7)例如形成屋顶、墙壁、板材、桥梁、桥墩、公路、人行道、露台或阳台，所述活动支撑结构(6)静态地具有预定的壁厚，且是能量供应器(1)的最坚固的部分，用于支撑主要沿着横向于挤出方向(4)的方向的载荷，所述活动支撑结构(6)在横向于挤出方向(4)的虚拟截面中包括至少一个梁构件(8)，所述梁构件(8)的静态尺寸确定为抵受预定的载荷，并被构造为例如I型、L型、O型、T型、U型、V型、X型、Y型或Z型梁。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，梁构件(8)构成了整个型材或一部分型材，或梁构件(8)与至少一个沿挤出方向(4)单独布置的中间元件(9)组装，该中间元件也由型材(3)构成，但不具有梁构件(8)的支撑功能。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，能量供应器(1)包括细长的箱型构件(10)，该箱型构件(10)具有至少两个彼此平行延伸的细长的腔穴(2)，其中在介质(17)在腔穴(2)中/通过腔穴(2)填充/排出/循环的过程中，介质(17)能够通过至少一个入口(23)循环通过/注入，并通过至少一个出口(24)循环通过/排出，其中该循环发生在封闭的循环系统中，且箱型构件(10)具有底侧(11)、两个长侧(12)、上侧(13)和两个相对端头(14)，其中箱型构件(10)的厚度相对于其长度和宽度而言非常小，且其中底侧(11)和上侧(13)包括梁构件(8)的一些部分和/或元件(9)，元件(9)用于产生用来通过介质(17)吸收/释放能量的曝露表面(21)。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，细长的腔穴(2)在其构件(5)处在波纹构件处面对底侧(11)衬有隔热层(19)，以减少通过底侧(11)的能量循环，所述隔热层(19)由例如泡沫塑料、矿毛绝缘纤维或玻璃绒构成，所述隔热层(19)由密封层(20)保护以优选免受为液体的介质(17)的作用。
5.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，上侧(13)的至少一部分是构成顶构件的构件(5)的一部分，其构成曝露表面(21)的一部分，该曝露表面(21)被构造为约2-16mm厚的薄壁(22)，该薄壁(22)朝向存在于能量供应器(1)外界的周围外界空气和/或太阳能，其中薄壁(22)比活动支撑结构(6)更容易释放或吸收能量。
6.如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，至少一个端头(14)由至少一个密封元件(18)密封，至少两个彼此并排的细长的腔穴(2)通过包围构件(5)中的至少一个开口(15)或至少一个密封元件(18)来在它们之间连通介质(17)。
7.如权利要求3或4所述的装置，其特征在于，至少两个能量供应器(1)通过它们的至少一个端头(14)，和/或通过长侧(12)/底侧(11)/上侧(13)中存在的至少一个开口(15)直接或间接地彼此连接，端头(14)至少具有通向各自的腔穴(2)的各自的开口(16)，其中使得介质(17)在至少两个能量供应器(1)中循环流通/储存在至少两个能量供应器(1)中。
8.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，底侧(11)和上侧(13)基本上是平坦且平行的，能量供应器(1)/至少一个型材(3)/至少一个元件(9)被构造有设置在各自的长侧(12)中的凹凸榫/折叠件，从而类似具有彼此连接的功能的板材。
9.如权利要求4或7所述的装置，其特征在于，能量供应器(1)中的细长的腔穴(2)每米长度的容量能够容纳约5-20升优选为水的流体量，其中能量供应器(1)用于在总共约100-500米的部分上接收800-2000KW/m2的太阳能，其为直接或间接地彼此连接的腔穴，所述能量供应器(1)总共包含约2-5m3的吸收能量的循环水，其中约100-500米的剩余部分上的能量传送、储存和释放通过至少一个循环泵和/或自循环进行，不用单独储蓄槽。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，软管/管子(25)被布置在连续的腔穴(2)内并通过所述腔穴，和/或软管/管子(25)连接到能量供应器(1)。
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AU2008262595A2 (en) 2010-02-18
US20100180524A1 (en) 2010-07-22
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SE0701395L (sv) 2008-12-12
AU2008262595B2 (en) 2014-05-29
CN101821462B (zh) 2015-11-25
SE532498C2 (sv) 2010-02-09
EP2167747A1 (en) 2010-03-31
WO2008153469A1 (en) 2008-12-18
BRPI0812499B1 (pt) 2018-09-18
US8695298B2 (en) 2014-04-15
MY154364A (en) 2015-06-15
ES2600456T3 (es) 2017-02-09
EP2167747A4 (en) 2014-07-02
EP2167747B1 (en) 2016-07-27

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