US3053509A - Massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structures - Google Patents

Massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3053509A
US3053509A US586562A US58656256A US3053509A US 3053509 A US3053509 A US 3053509A US 586562 A US586562 A US 586562A US 58656256 A US58656256 A US 58656256A US 3053509 A US3053509 A US 3053509A
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Prior art keywords
ceiling
shuttering
reinforced concrete
pipes
concrete floor
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US586562A
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Haupt Max
Bartels Hugo Constantin
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Priority claimed from CH3005756A external-priority patent/CH387258A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the light weight sheet material forming the shuttering is formed according to the invention with a lower surface which undulates in cros section in preferably regular waves, so that the ceiling lining, for example the plaster carrier, positioned beneath the shuttering defines a series of spaces within the waves extending longitudinally be tween the shuttering and the ceiling lining, and the pipes of a ceiling heating system and/or ventilating system extend longitudinally through these spaces.
  • the upper surface of the light weight sheet material is also corrugated in regular waves, so that the cross section of the material as a whole has the profile of a sine curve.
  • the heating or ventilating pipes referred to comprehensively herein and in the appended claims as air conditioning pipes, which are linked up by cross pipes to form the total system, thus require no additional space for their accommodation within the fioor and ceiling structure.
  • the air spaces formed within the waves pressed in the lower surface of the light weight sheets are large enough to ensure adequate air insulation of the pipes against any substantial loss of heat in an upward direction, whilst the efficiency of the downward radiation through the thin ceiling lining is good.
  • the uniform wave profile of the light weight sheets is statically favourable, because no unduly large marginal stresses arise and compressional forces are taken up satisfactorily, because the ribs merge gradually into the other parts of the floor structure.
  • the floor and ceiling structure of a small thickness, which is not increased by the accommodation of the heating or ventilating pipes.
  • the pipes in the troughs of the waves in the lower surface of the light weight sheets are disposed at substantially the same height as the steel reinforcing elements disposed in the troughs of the waves in the upper surface of the light weight sheets.
  • the crosspipes joining the individual pipes can be arranged to run transversely of the waves and to be supported on the reinforcing elements, so that separate hangers are not required.
  • the use of regularly corrugated light weight sheet results in a saving of steel of about 19% compared to an all-concrete floor and the saving in concrete is about 36%.
  • the annexed drawing shows a cross section through one embodiment of a fioor and ceiling structure in accordance with the invention.
  • the corrugated light weight sheet 1 employed according to the invention is made in a suitable size of, for example, a pressed body of cement-bound wood wool or similar fibrous material and is supported in the manner conventional for shuttering on the outer walls and/0r separate supports and/or intermediate walls. Suitably spaced transverse webs or lugs 2 are provided in the wave troughs. The steel ribs 3 or other reinforcing elements are laid on these webs.
  • the concrete 4 is thus cast in conventional manner.
  • Heating pipes 5 for a ceiling heating system or pipes 6 for a hot air heating system or for ventilating or chang ing the air of the associated spaces, with or without a supplementary insulation, are disposed in the troughs of the waves of the lower surface of the sheet.
  • a conventional plaster carrier 8 is secured directly to the lower wave crests 7. As may be seen, the installation of the pipes and the application of the plaster carrier entails no difliculties and provides very favourable conditions for a ceiling radiant heating system or hot air heating system or other air exchange System mounted in the ceiling, without increasing the constructional height of the floor and ceiling structure.
  • a massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structure comprising a reinforced concrete floor cast upon a shuttering of light-weight, bonded fibre sheet material, said shuttering having a lower surface which undulates in cross section in waves, a ceiling lining positioned beneath said shuttering having only linear contact with said waves and defining a series of spaces within said waves extending longitudinally between said shuttering and said ceiling lining, and air-conditioning pipes extending longitudinally through said spaces, the height of said spaces being higher than the outside diameter of said air-conditioning pipes which are positioned in such a manner, that no contact between the pipes and the Wave-like shuttering and between the pipes and the ceiling lining is effected.
  • a ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein said shuttering consists of sheets of pressed wood wool and cement.
  • a massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structure comprising a reinforced concrete floor cast upon a shuttering of light-Weight, bonded fibre sheet material, said shuttering being corrugated in cross-section in regular waves, reinforcing elements extending longitudinally through the concrete within the troughs of the waves in the upper surface of the shuttering, a ceiling lining positioned beneath said shuttering and defining a series of spaces Within the waves in the lower surface of the shuttering extending longitudinally between said shuttering and said ceiling lining, and air-conditioning pipes extending longitudinally through said spaces at substantially the same height as said reinforcing elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

Sept. 11, 1962 M- HAUPT ETAL MASSIVE REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR AND CEILING STRUCTURES Filed May 22, 1956 Patented Sept. 11, 1962 3,053,509 MASSIVE REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR AND CEILING STRUCTURES Max Haupt, 18 Schaffhauserstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland, and Hugo Constantin Bartels, 16 Flughafenstrasse, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Filed May 22, 1956, Ser. No. 586,562 3 Claims. (Cl. 257-124) This invention relates to an improved massive reinforced concrete fioor and ceiling structure.
It is known to make massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structures with a shuttering of light weight sheet material which is laid on the shuttering supports and when the concrete of the structure is set serves as a statically effective constructional element of the lower surface of the floor to which the plaster carrier is applied. It is known to make a shuttering of this kind of light Weight bonded fibre sheet material, more particularly of sheets of pressed wood wool and cement. It has also been proposed to press suitably spaced strip-shaped depressions in the upper surface while pressing the remaining rib-like raised portions to a lesser extent so as to compensate for expansion and shrinkage during the uniting with the concrete. Finally it has also been proposed to form narrow grooves on the lower surface of such sheet material, offset with respect to the depressions in the upper side, so as to improve the adhesion of the plaster.
Provisions for fixing heating and ventilating tubes in contact with such known sheets of building materials and fixing rows of tubes between and in contact with two plane sheets of building material have also been suggested.
It is an object of the invention to provide a massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structure cast upon shuttering of light weight bonded fibre sheet material with the pipes of a ceiling radiant heating system or ventilative system, without any substantial increase in the thickness of the total structure over the dimensions determined by static requirements.
This object could readily be achieved by embedding the pipes of a radiant heating system in the massive reinforced concrete floor. It is known, however, that floors of this kind show a great heat inertia effect during the heating up and cooling down period and that the radiation in a downward direction is inefficient while considerable heat losses occur in an upward direction. These disadvantages can be overcome in a ceiling heating system in which sheet metal strips are arranged beneath the finished massive floor to form a substantial insulating air interspace. The sheet metal strip are heated directly by the heating pipes running through this air space and serve also to support the plaster carrier. This ceiling heating system is much more efficient thermally but entails a considerable increase in the thickness of the total floor and ceiling structure and thus reduces the height of the rooms.
According to the invention it is possible to retain the thermal advantages of the last mentioned radiant heating system while keeping the thickness of the floor and ceiling structure at the minimum value determined only by the current static requirements. For this purpose the light weight sheet material forming the shuttering is formed according to the invention with a lower surface which undulates in cros section in preferably regular waves, so that the ceiling lining, for example the plaster carrier, positioned beneath the shuttering defines a series of spaces within the waves extending longitudinally be tween the shuttering and the ceiling lining, and the pipes of a ceiling heating system and/or ventilating system extend longitudinally through these spaces.
Preferably the upper surface of the light weight sheet material is also corrugated in regular waves, so that the cross section of the material as a whole has the profile of a sine curve. The heating or ventilating pipes, referred to comprehensively herein and in the appended claims as air conditioning pipes, which are linked up by cross pipes to form the total system, thus require no additional space for their accommodation within the fioor and ceiling structure. Moreover, the air spaces formed within the waves pressed in the lower surface of the light weight sheets are large enough to ensure adequate air insulation of the pipes against any substantial loss of heat in an upward direction, whilst the efficiency of the downward radiation through the thin ceiling lining is good. The uniform wave profile of the light weight sheets is statically favourable, because no unduly large marginal stresses arise and compressional forces are taken up satisfactorily, because the ribs merge gradually into the other parts of the floor structure. Thus it is possible to make the floor and ceiling structure of a small thickness, which is not increased by the accommodation of the heating or ventilating pipes.
Preferably the pipes in the troughs of the waves in the lower surface of the light weight sheets are disposed at substantially the same height as the steel reinforcing elements disposed in the troughs of the waves in the upper surface of the light weight sheets. The crosspipes joining the individual pipes can be arranged to run transversely of the waves and to be supported on the reinforcing elements, so that separate hangers are not required. The use of regularly corrugated light weight sheet results in a saving of steel of about 19% compared to an all-concrete floor and the saving in concrete is about 36%.
The annexed drawing shows a cross section through one embodiment of a fioor and ceiling structure in accordance with the invention.
The corrugated light weight sheet 1 employed according to the invention is made in a suitable size of, for example, a pressed body of cement-bound wood wool or similar fibrous material and is supported in the manner conventional for shuttering on the outer walls and/0r separate supports and/or intermediate walls. Suitably spaced transverse webs or lugs 2 are provided in the wave troughs. The steel ribs 3 or other reinforcing elements are laid on these webs. The concrete 4 is thus cast in conventional manner. When the concrete has set the light weight sheet 1 forms a load carrying component part of the floor; the load bearing properties of the Sheet suffices to support the load of the concrete or other erection loads prior to the setting of the concrete.
Heating pipes 5 for a ceiling heating system or pipes 6 for a hot air heating system or for ventilating or chang ing the air of the associated spaces, with or without a supplementary insulation, are disposed in the troughs of the waves of the lower surface of the sheet. A conventional plaster carrier 8 is secured directly to the lower wave crests 7. As may be seen, the installation of the pipes and the application of the plaster carrier entails no difliculties and provides very favourable conditions for a ceiling radiant heating system or hot air heating system or other air exchange System mounted in the ceiling, without increasing the constructional height of the floor and ceiling structure.
What we claim is:
1. A massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structure, comprising a reinforced concrete floor cast upon a shuttering of light-weight, bonded fibre sheet material, said shuttering having a lower surface which undulates in cross section in waves, a ceiling lining positioned beneath said shuttering having only linear contact with said waves and defining a series of spaces within said waves extending longitudinally between said shuttering and said ceiling lining, and air-conditioning pipes extending longitudinally through said spaces, the height of said spaces being higher than the outside diameter of said air-conditioning pipes which are positioned in such a manner, that no contact between the pipes and the Wave-like shuttering and between the pipes and the ceiling lining is effected.
2. A ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein said shuttering consists of sheets of pressed wood wool and cement.
3. A massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structure, comprising a reinforced concrete floor cast upon a shuttering of light-Weight, bonded fibre sheet material, said shuttering being corrugated in cross-section in regular waves, reinforcing elements extending longitudinally through the concrete within the troughs of the waves in the upper surface of the shuttering, a ceiling lining positioned beneath said shuttering and defining a series of spaces Within the waves in the lower surface of the shuttering extending longitudinally between said shuttering and said ceiling lining, and air-conditioning pipes extending longitudinally through said spaces at substantially the same height as said reinforcing elements.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,810,926 Palson June 23, 1931 2,000,539 Scheide May 7, 1935 2,306,385 Herter Dec. 29, 1942 2,598,279 McKibbin May 27, 1952 2,621,027 TatSch Dec. 9, 1952 2,637,530 Janos May 5, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 540,678 Great Britain Oct. 27, 1941
US586562A 1956-02-18 1956-05-22 Massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structures Expired - Lifetime US3053509A (en)

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US586562A US3053509A (en) 1956-02-18 1956-05-22 Massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structures

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3005756A CH387258A (en) 1956-02-18 1956-02-18 Solid concrete ceiling, in particular solid reinforced concrete ceiling
US586562A US3053509A (en) 1956-02-18 1956-05-22 Massive reinforced concrete floor and ceiling structures

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3376919A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-04-09 Ferrotubi S P A Structure with tubular metal elements for covering or separating two superimposed floors of a building
WO1981000445A1 (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-19 A Alosi Concrete solar collectors
US4378788A (en) * 1981-05-26 1983-04-05 Naccache Albert F Sheet-flow concrete solar collector
US4782889A (en) * 1986-05-05 1988-11-08 Bourne Richard C Low mass hydronic radiant floor system
US20070181704A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-09 Ehv-Weidmann Industries, Inc. Radiant heat barrier and method of using same
US20100198414A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2010-08-05 Kroll Steven C Systems and methods for controlling interior climates
CN102433952A (en) * 2011-08-25 2012-05-02 谭昇 Wavy sloping roof structure and preparation method thereof
US8777120B2 (en) * 2006-04-15 2014-07-15 International Business Machines Corporation Hydronic radiant flooring heating system
WO2016033429A1 (en) * 2014-08-30 2016-03-03 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Floor and ceiling panel for use in buildings
US9382709B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-07-05 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Premanufactured structures for constructing buildings
US9493940B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-11-15 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Slab construction system and method for constructing multi-story buildings using pre-manufactured structures
WO2017156006A1 (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-14 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Floor and ceiling panel for slab-free floor system of a building
US10041289B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2018-08-07 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Interface between a floor panel and a panel track
US10260250B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2019-04-16 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Diaphragm to lateral support coupling in a structure
US10323428B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-06-18 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Sequence for constructing a building from prefabricated components
US10329764B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2019-06-25 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated demising and end walls
US10364572B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2019-07-30 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated wall panel for utility installation
US10487493B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-11-26 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Building design and construction using prefabricated components
US10676923B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2020-06-09 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Waterproofing assemblies and prefabricated wall panels including the same
US10724228B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2020-07-28 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Building assemblies and methods for constructing a building using pre-assembled floor-ceiling panels and walls
US10900224B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-01-26 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated demising wall with external conduit engagement features
US10961710B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-03-30 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Pre-assembled wall panel for utility installation
US11098475B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2021-08-24 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Building system with a diaphragm provided by pre-fabricated floor panels

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1810926A (en) * 1929-01-22 1931-06-23 Arthur C Walworth Skating rink floor
US2000539A (en) * 1932-05-26 1935-05-07 Henry E Sage Building structure
GB540678A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-27 Josephus Theodorus Cornelis Va Improvements relating to the heating of buildings
US2306385A (en) * 1940-05-29 1942-12-29 Charles H Herter Refrigeration apparatus
US2598279A (en) * 1949-08-24 1952-05-27 George N Mckibbin Panel-type heater
US2621027A (en) * 1946-12-11 1952-12-09 Tatsch Richard Panel heating and cooling system
US2637530A (en) * 1950-04-04 1953-05-05 Gen Electric Heat exchange structure

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1810926A (en) * 1929-01-22 1931-06-23 Arthur C Walworth Skating rink floor
US2000539A (en) * 1932-05-26 1935-05-07 Henry E Sage Building structure
GB540678A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-27 Josephus Theodorus Cornelis Va Improvements relating to the heating of buildings
US2306385A (en) * 1940-05-29 1942-12-29 Charles H Herter Refrigeration apparatus
US2621027A (en) * 1946-12-11 1952-12-09 Tatsch Richard Panel heating and cooling system
US2598279A (en) * 1949-08-24 1952-05-27 George N Mckibbin Panel-type heater
US2637530A (en) * 1950-04-04 1953-05-05 Gen Electric Heat exchange structure

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3376919A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-04-09 Ferrotubi S P A Structure with tubular metal elements for covering or separating two superimposed floors of a building
WO1981000445A1 (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-19 A Alosi Concrete solar collectors
US4378788A (en) * 1981-05-26 1983-04-05 Naccache Albert F Sheet-flow concrete solar collector
US4782889A (en) * 1986-05-05 1988-11-08 Bourne Richard C Low mass hydronic radiant floor system
US20070181704A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-09 Ehv-Weidmann Industries, Inc. Radiant heat barrier and method of using same
US8777120B2 (en) * 2006-04-15 2014-07-15 International Business Machines Corporation Hydronic radiant flooring heating system
US20100198414A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2010-08-05 Kroll Steven C Systems and methods for controlling interior climates
US10190309B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2019-01-29 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Slab construction system and method for constructing multi-story buildings using pre-manufactured structures
US10145103B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2018-12-04 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Premanufactured structures for constructing buildings
US9382709B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-07-05 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Premanufactured structures for constructing buildings
US9493940B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-11-15 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Slab construction system and method for constructing multi-story buildings using pre-manufactured structures
CN102433952A (en) * 2011-08-25 2012-05-02 谭昇 Wavy sloping roof structure and preparation method thereof
US10364572B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2019-07-30 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated wall panel for utility installation
US10975590B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2021-04-13 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Diaphragm to lateral support coupling in a structure
US11060286B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2021-07-13 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated wall panel for utility installation
US10260250B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2019-04-16 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Diaphragm to lateral support coupling in a structure
US11054148B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2021-07-06 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Heated floor and ceiling panel with a corrugated layer for modular use in buildings
US10329764B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2019-06-25 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated demising and end walls
WO2016033429A1 (en) * 2014-08-30 2016-03-03 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Floor and ceiling panel for use in buildings
US10041289B2 (en) 2014-08-30 2018-08-07 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Interface between a floor panel and a panel track
US10508442B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2019-12-17 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Floor and ceiling panel for slab-free floor system of a building
US10676923B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2020-06-09 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Waterproofing assemblies and prefabricated wall panels including the same
US10900224B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-01-26 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Prefabricated demising wall with external conduit engagement features
US10961710B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-03-30 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Pre-assembled wall panel for utility installation
WO2017156006A1 (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-14 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Floor and ceiling panel for slab-free floor system of a building
US10724228B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2020-07-28 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Building assemblies and methods for constructing a building using pre-assembled floor-ceiling panels and walls
US10487493B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-11-26 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Building design and construction using prefabricated components
US10323428B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-06-18 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Sequence for constructing a building from prefabricated components
US11098475B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2021-08-24 Innovative Building Technologies, Llc Building system with a diaphragm provided by pre-fabricated floor panels

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