CN102405030A - 牙科光装置 - Google Patents

牙科光装置 Download PDF

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CN102405030A
CN102405030A CN2010800152485A CN201080015248A CN102405030A CN 102405030 A CN102405030 A CN 102405030A CN 2010800152485 A CN2010800152485 A CN 2010800152485A CN 201080015248 A CN201080015248 A CN 201080015248A CN 102405030 A CN102405030 A CN 102405030A
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CN102405030B (zh
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O·J·吉尔
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Kerr Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/003—Apparatus for curing resins by radiation
    • A61C19/004—Hand-held apparatus, e.g. guns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21L—LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION
    • F21L4/00—Electric lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells
    • F21L4/02—Electric lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells characterised by the provision of two or more light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21L—LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION
    • F21L4/00—Electric lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells
    • F21L4/08—Electric lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells characterised by means for in situ recharging of the batteries or cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21V19/02—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders with provision for adjustment, e.g. for focusing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/02—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being transformers, impedances or power supply units, e.g. a transformer with a rectifier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/06—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being coupling devices, e.g. connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/0064—Health, life-saving or fire-fighting equipment
    • F21V33/0068—Medical equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F21V5/048—Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens being a simple lens adapted to cooperate with a point-like source for emitting mainly in one direction and having an axis coincident with the main light transmission direction, e.g. convergent or divergent lenses, plano-concave or plano-convex lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/20—Lighting for medical use
    • F21W2131/202—Lighting for medical use for dentistry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

光装置10包括壳体12和被配置为与壳体12可去除地耦合的尖端结构14。尖端结构14包括用于在尖端结构14的远端24处发光的发光装置40，以及用于容纳发光装置40的主体36。尖端结构14由能够经得起高温高压灭菌的可高温高压灭菌材料形成。电源电路28位于壳体12中并当尖端结构14与壳体12耦合时耦合到发光装置40以对装置供电。电源电路28可再充电并且包括用于充电的至少一个超级电容器元件90，并且电源电路28被配置为作为电流源对超级电容器90放电以驱动至少一个发光装置40。

Description

牙科光装置
技术领域
本发明涉及照明或光装置，尤其涉及一种用于口腔和牙科应用、在牙科应用中提供光以用于照明且用于固化可光固化化合物(light-curablecompound)的照明装置。
背景技术
存在多种照明装置或光装置用于牙科和口腔应用。牙科照明装置的一个特定种类涉及出于各种原因接近患者的口腔固定的手持式装置，以对患者口腔内的区域进行照明。一个特定用途涉及固化口腔中的可光固化化合物。虽然存在适当的手持式光装置用于牙科应用，然而经常存在与这种光装置相关的各种缺点，尤其是对于牙科固化灯。
许多这种牙科灯具有主体，其包含灯元件，例如发光二极管(LED)。接着将锥形和弯曲的光波导与主体的端部以及发光元件连接，以捕获光并将光引导至期望的地方。通常，这种光波导是成束的光纤元件，其用于远离患者的口腔捕获装置中的光，接着将所述光发送到可能位于患者口腔内感兴趣的区域处的尖端(tip)。虽然这种光波导以适当的方式工作，但是它们效率仍然很低。在装置中生成的几乎一半的光在从其源通过光波导下行到尖端的传输中损失了。这种低效率需要非常大的光引擎来生成固化点处所需要的光，例如用于固化化合物。反过来，生成热量，热量必须被适当地去除并且从光引擎引出。光引擎所需要的输出越大，则必须递送的热量就越大。
与这种牙科灯相关的另一问题是它们的杀菌。应该意识到，牙科灯的尖端一般被带到患者的口腔或口腔的某些部分附近，或与患者的口腔或口腔的某些部分实际接触。因而，光装置的尖端暴露至各种微生物和细菌。因此，为了防止微生物的繁殖或患者之间的传染，需要经常对牙科设施杀菌，例如在非常高的温度下进行高温高压灭菌(autoclaved)。虽然在现有技术中已经做出建议和某些尝试以将牙科灯的光引擎移动到更接近操作尖端，然而这种尝试没有彻底解决杀菌问题。例如，达到高温高压灭菌的温度潜在损害了光引擎，例如LED阵列中的发光元件。因此，通过现有的牙科灯(如牙科固化灯)没有充分解决杀菌问题。
现有牙科灯的另一缺点涉及它们对电源的需求。经常，这种灯实际上被插入接着将要耦合到AC电源的基座内，如壁装插头。一些灯直接连接到AC壁装插头。一些便携式牙科光装置不附接到基座上，而是使用电池，例如可再充电电池。然而，可再充电电池需要大量时间来充电，因而，当牙科灯可能以其它方式付诸使用时，牙科灯可能需要一些宝贵的停机时间。此外，现有的电池充电技术使用经历过有限次充电循环的电池。持续的带走以及保持电荷的能力随着时间和使用而下降。在有限次的循环之后，需要更换电池。因而，仍然需要解决便携式固化灯中的功率问题。
结果，通过当前技术没有解决在牙科灯，尤其是牙科固化灯领域中残留的各种缺点。
附图说明
图1为合并了本发明的多个特征的光装置的侧视图。
图1A为充电基座中的光装置的透视图。
图2为图1的光装置的分解截面图。
图2A为图2的一部分的放大图。
图3为示出与壳体啮合的尖端结构的图1的光装置的侧面剖视图。
图4为本发明的光装置的替代实施例的局部剖视图。
图5为本发明的尖端结构的端盖结构的平面图。
图6为用于对所发明的光装置进行充电的充电电路的电路示意图。
图7为用于图7的电路的操作的曲线的图示。
图8为根据本发明实施例的超级电容器的充电的图示。
图9A为电容充电曲线的图示。
图9B为电容放电曲线的图示。
图10为示出本发明的一个实施例的供电电流源电路的电路示意图。
图11为示出本发明的另一实施例的供电电流源电路的电路示意图。
图12为示出本发明的另一实施例的供电电流源电路的电路示意图。
图13为示出本发明的另一实施例的供电电流源电路的电路示意图。
图14为根据本发明的一个实施例的放电函数的图示。
图15为示出本发明的另一实施例的供电电流源电路的电路示意图。
图16为示出本发明的另一实施例的供电电流源电路的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
并入本说明书并且构成本说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并与下文给出的本发明的总体描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。
图1示出了本发明的光装置10的一个实施例。虽然光装置10的一个实施例可以用于固化，然而也可以意识到其它用途，例如照明、牙齿美白或其它治疗应用。因而，本发明不限于示例性实施例在此描述的特定用途。固化装置10包括壳体12和可去除地耦合到壳体12的尖端结构14。根据本发明的一个方面，如同在下文中将进一步讨论的，尖端结构14可以被去除，从而其可以单独从整个装置分离进行高温高压灭菌。装置10还包括适当的控制电子器件16(参见图2)，其具有可能包括按钮、开关或用于控制装置10的其它适合手动控制的外部控制器18。还可以使用显示装置20并且其可以包括屏幕、单独发光元件或用于提供装置10的操作的视觉显示的其它图形元件。例如，还可以使用视觉显示器20示出装置的工作模式或设置、可选的固化时间、剩余的固化时间、充电状态或功率状况以及诊断图形。根据本发明，尖端结构14包括近端22，其与壳体12可去除地耦合；以及远端24，其放置在患者的口腔内以固化可光固化化合物。如图1A所示，壳体12的基座26可以以充电基座或底座27的形式被耦合到适当的外部电源，例如AC或DC源，用于对装置10的供电电路28的可再充电内部元件进行充电(参见图2)。基座26还可以被配置为安装在适当结构内，如单机、台上安装基座、用于将其安装在墙壁，柱，或椅子上的安装结构，或可以被并入到用于固定固化装置10并对固化装置10进行充电的牙科椅的一部分上。
图2和图2A示出了装置10的截面图，其示出了尖端结构14和壳体12之间的接口。
图3示出了与壳体啮合的尖端结构14。在图中，出于说明性目的，示出剖面线30，表示壳体12的可去除部分。可以使壳体12以及尖端结构14的大小为适于手持式固化装置，该手持式固化装置可被操控为将装置的远端24放置在患者的口腔内，或放置在可光固化材料和化合物附近。
尖端结构14包括热沉结构或在尖端结构中从近端22延伸到远端24的元件32。在本发明的一个实施例中，如图2和图2A所示，热沉32延伸通过尖端结构14的近端22以与壳体12啮合，用于适当的热传递来自固化光装置的热量。热沉可以由适合热传递或导热材料制成，例如金属(例如铜)或铝。替代地，高导热材料，例如热解石墨片(PGS)可以用于热沉32。在一个实施例中，热沉32为以适合形状形成的延伸铜管，用于设置在尖端结构14内。适当的绝热材料34环绕热沉32。尖端结构14包括容纳尖端结构的元件的主体36，并在其近端22和远端24处适当地密封，如在下文中进一步讨论的。根据本发明的一个方面，主体36由可高温高压灭菌材料制成。如上所述，期望对特定可重复使用的牙科元件进行杀菌，例如用在患者口腔内或插入到患者口腔内或之上或接近患者口腔的牙科元件。过去的固化光装置没有被高温高压灭菌到牙科专业人员所期望的程度。本发明提供了密封在由能够经得起高温的高温高压灭菌(如121℃)的可高温高压灭菌材料制成的密封体36内的尖端结构，因而使得整个尖端结构(其中包括发光装置或引擎)也可被高温高压灭菌。
在本发明的一个实施例中，可高温高压灭菌主体36由适当的金属(如不锈钢)形成。替代地，主体36可以由能够经得起与高温高压灭菌相关的高温的陶瓷、玻璃或瓷制材料形成。通常，主体36将结合热沉32和绝缘材料34形成为适当的形状。例如，可以形成热沉32和绝缘材料34，接着通过利用陶瓷、玻璃瓷器或其它可高温高压灭菌材料来形成主体36。在附图示出的实施例中，由于尖端结构14根据固化位置(如患者的口腔)处的操控被适当地固化，因而主体36也以弯曲方式形成。
在热沉32的远端处耦合发光装置，或发光引擎40。这种发光装置可以包括公知的用于固化可光固化化合物(例如牙科化合物)的一个或多个LED元件，并且可以从各制造商得到。大功率LED元件为用于发明性装置的一种适当类型的元件。例如，可使用大功率牙科LED。发光引擎可以使用阵列中的单个LED元件或多个元件。通常，出于固化目的，发光元件将发射用于固化可光固化化合物的特定期望波长的光。对于各种牙科化合物，适当的光在400-500纳米的波长范围内或在蓝光范围内。对于所发明灯的其它用途，例如用于检查口腔区域以检测龋齿、照明区域，以及提供癌症筛检，也可以使用其它波长。
然而，根据本发明的另一方面，各种不同尖端结构14可以被容易地去除并且可以插入到壳体12内，从而多个不同尖端结构可以使用一个壳体12。为此，各尖端结构的发光装置可以涉及其它应用，例如美白牙齿，或在患者的口腔内照明，但是将仍然用相同壳体12及其控制进行操作。因此，本发明不限于特定类型的照明装置或用途，并且可以与为了不同用途(例如固化、美白、照明、筛检等)而以适当的波长范围中发光的发光装置一起使用各种不同尖端结构14。
这种发光装置或光引擎40一般包括支撑一个或多个发光结构或半导体结(例如以发光二极管或LED形式)的基座或基底42。根据结构或元件的功率，可以使用单个发光结构，或在基底42上可以设置多个结构构成的阵列以用于提供装置40。例如可以使用大功率LED元件。发光装置40能够经受高温，因而使用高温结构或LED。基底42使用高温粘合剂或接合剂直接附接到热沉32的远端。发光装置40直接耦合到热沉32提供了用于去除通过发光结构44或基底42所生成的热量的最佳热耦合。
为了密封壳体36的远端24，玻璃窗46或其它透明元件环绕其外围焊封到壳体36，如图2和图3所示。透明元件被配置为容许光穿出壳体的远端。为此，玻璃窗46可以包括环绕其外围的金属化部，以使用高温焊料或其它适当的高温粘合剂而适当地焊封到壳体36。通常，发光装置40在LED或其它发光结构上与透镜48一起操作，以聚焦来自那些结构的光。窗46如图2所示。替代地，分离透镜48可以取代窗46密封到壳体36的端部。透镜48可以适当地成形为聚焦来自发光装置40的光。
为了对发光装置40供电，本发明使用高温柔性电路(high-temperatureflexible circuit)，或挠性电路(flex circuit)50、52。挠性电路通常沿热沉32附近的尖端结构的内部延伸。挠性电路为柔性的，因而可以遵循热沉32的轮廓或形状。在本发明的一个实施例中，在热沉32中可以形成适当的迹线或通道以放置挠性电路50、52。挠性电路50、52又耦合到陶瓷端盖54，其上具有用于耦合到挠性电路的适当导电元件(如迹线)，并最终耦合到电源和控制电路，如下文将要进一步讨论的。
现在参考图2A，使用其中形成有旋转电路迹线56、58的陶瓷端盖54密封尖端结构14的近端22，尤其是壳体36的近端，如图5所示。具体而言，在本发明的一个特定特征中，尖端结构14与壳体12可旋转地耦合。为了有助于这种旋转，虽然保持将电信号传送到发光装置40，但是本发明的装置10合并了形成在端盖54上或端盖54中的圆形导电元件或电路迹线56、58。如图5所示，电路迹线56、58通常跟随端盖的形状，并通常具有圆形形状。此外，端盖54中形成有用于使热沉32通过的适当中心开口60，如图2A所示。如图2A所示，示出的最内部电路迹线56电耦合到挠性电路50。类似地，端盖54上的外部电路迹线58与挠性电路52耦合。端盖54可以为诸如氧化铝的适当陶瓷材料构成的陶瓷端盖。陶瓷盖可以附接到主体36。如果主体为金属，则陶瓷盖54的边缘可以被金属化以将盖焊接到主体的端部。替代地，如果主体由玻璃制成，则可以使用适合的高温粘合剂来将端盖耦合到玻璃主体。
如图2A和图5所示，金属迹线56、58形成为穿过端盖54以在尖端结构的远端处存在挠性电路的连接。当与壳体12耦合或插入壳体12时，如图2A所示，挠性电路50、52经由陶瓷端盖54耦合到适当电源电路和控制器。具体而言，弹簧接触件62、64安装在与尖端结构14连接的壳体12的端部处。那些弹簧接触件62、64通过适当的连接件或电路66、68耦合回到适当的电源电路28。所供应的功率接着可以通过适当的控制电路16进行控制，例如控制发光装置的亮度、其照明的持续时间、以及与装置10的操作模式相关的各种其它参数。壳体12包含适当的控制电路16和电源电路28，以及用于对其远端处的尖端结构14和发光装置40进行供电的各种电气连接/电路66、68。电源电路28通过接触件70可以耦合到外部电源，例如AC电源或DC电源，以对电源的元件进行充电。例如，如同图1A所示，基座27可以为了再充电目的而固定或承载装置10。在本发明的一个实施例中，电源电路包括可再充电的供电元件，例如电池，其可被充电并从被操作者操控的外部电源去除。在本发明的替代实施例中，如下文参考图4所讨论的，超级电容器元件或电路可以用于向发光装置40提供期望的功率。壳体12可以由任意适当的材料形成，例如塑料或金属，或其它刚性材料。
如图3所示，当尖端结构14耦合到壳体12时，接触件62、64分别在尖端结构的端部啮合电路元件或迹线56、58。这将发光装置与电源电路电气耦合。由于迹线的独特电路图案，尖端结构14可以在0°-360°的范围旋转，同时接触件62、64仍然保持连接到迹线56、58。替代地，圆形导电元件可以仅在小于360°的某些圆形范围内进行接触，但是仍然容许至少部分旋转。通过这种方式，尖端结构可以旋转而没有损害在壳体12和尖端结构14之间的电气连接。虽然导电元件56、58示出为形成在尖端结构和接触元件62、64上、示出为位于壳体上，但是它们的相对位置可以与壳体12上的元件56、58和尖端结构14上的元件62、64翻转。即，导电元件或迹线56、58和接触元件62、64可以位于相对壳体和尖端结构的任意一个上以在这两者之间传输功率。在替代实施例中，替代插针和插座可以用在壳体和尖端结构之间，以电气耦合发光装置和电源电路。
同时，热沉32的近端与壳体12中形成的适当沟道80啮合。通过附加或第二热沉或元件82形成沟道80，元件82优选由适当的金属(例如铝)所形成。除了沟道80之外，热沉82还包括储存部(reservoir portion)84，其包括附加热沉材料。该储存部可以为用于形成金属热沉的所有金属。根据本发明的一个实施例，储存部84可以由金属形成，但是另外包括大量相变材料86。相变材料从第二热沉82吸收热，并经由这种吸收改变相。例如，一个适当的相变金属可以是随着其吸收热而熔化的固体石蜡。这允许在发光装置40的温度升高中适当延迟，以在正常使用期间向发光装置和整个尖端结构提供安全温度水平。其它相变材料还可以包含在第二热沉结构82的储存部84内，因而本发明不限于特定的相变材料86。
如图3所示，当尖端结构14插入壳体12，或耦合到壳体12或与壳体12啮合时，则热沉32与第二热沉结构82啮合，使得热沉32的端部插入到沟道80中，以提供直接热连接或耦合在热沉32和第二热沉结构82之间。通过这种方式，第二热沉82的金属可以吸收由热沉32传导的热。如果储存部84仅为固态金属或填充有金属材料，则该金属将吸热，因而，在适当的操作点保持发光装置的温度。替代地，如果相变材料86填充储存部84，则相变材料可能在其吸收热时熔化，因而改变相以保持操作点在适当的低温处。电路66、68是高温电路，因而将适于接近第二热沉结构82。此外，绝缘件88的套可以环绕部分的第二热沉结构82(例如储存部84)，并且还可以环绕适当的电子元件(例如电源电路28)，以及部分接触件70，以保护它们免于受到第二热沉结构82的热量。
固-液相变材料吸收热量，并且它们的温度升高到它们改变相的一个点(它们的熔化点)。材料接着吸收额外数量的热而没有变得非常热。当通过第二热沉所提供的储存部中的周围温度下降时，相变材料86凝固，因而释放其所存储的热量。因此，相变材料吸收并发出热量，同时将温度保持在通常为手持式壳体12所期望的恒定温度。
另一适当的相变材料为利用碳装载的固体石蜡。一旦热沉与钻孔或外部热沉的沟道80啮合，则实现适当的导热。
弹簧接触件62、64的弹簧加载特性提供了在壳体12和尖端结构14之间的稳定与结实的电气连接。
转到图4，根据本发明的另一实施例，电源电路28合并了一个或多个超级电容器或特级电容器(super capacitor)，以提供用于供应尖端结构14中的发光装置的功率。一个或多个超级电容器90可以用于取代电源电路28中的电池。超级电容器提供高能量存储，并且当接入时可以立即输送功率，例如对发光装置供电。使用根据本发明的方面在此处描述的充电或充电器电路，超级电容器还非常快速地充电，有时以秒来计。它们还可以用于为了本发明的装置10的应用提供所必需的能量突然冲击。本发明的电源电路28所提供的快速充电时间提供了快速充电应用，并消除了对可再充电电池的需要，所述可再充电电池可能需要数个小时来充满电。此外，超级电容器具有较长使用寿命。虽然NiMH电池可以被充电500个循环，或Li-离子电池可以被充电300个循环，然而本发明使用可以被充电500000个循环的超级电容器。此外，如此处所述的被充电和放电的这种超级电容器不具有存储器(与电池单元类似)、具有降低的重量和成本、并且经过处理不生成危险废弃物。例如，NiMH和Li-离子电池的重量平均明显大于超级电容器的重量。
使用本发明的特征的装置10可以被耦合到适当的外部电源，例如在电源基座或底座27中具有足够的接触以与装置10的接触件70啮合的适当的外部电源(图1A)。超级电容器90可以在装置10的一系列使用循环(例如固化循环)中被充电接着被放电。装置可以接着被重新放置到其充电基座或底座，以对超级电容器重新充电。通常，在装置10的寿命期间不需要取代超级电容器元件，而电池就需要。由于超级电容器90充电非常快，从而装置10的充电循环之间的停机时间非常短。例如，虽然NiMH电池或Li-离子电池可以用2.5小时左右的时间来充满电，然而如同根据本发明的电路所充电的超级电容器可以在15秒内被充满电。
图6为将在基座单元或底座27内使用的一个可能的充电或充电器电路的电路示意图，用于对装置10充电尤其对将在本发明的一个这种实施例中所设置的超级电容器充电。充电器电路100包括电源电路/部件102，其将适当的DC电源提供给电路。例如电源102可与适当的AC功率线104耦合以插入AC插头，并例如在5-24伏特的范围内提供DC电源。指示器LED 106可以用于提供基座27具有功率的指示(参见图1A)。如图1A所示，基座27可能还包括用于指示装置10正在充电或被充满电的指示器111、113。电路100被配置为根据本发明的一个实施例以电流反馈(foldback)电路的形式操作为电流源。电流反馈电路100用于对本发明的超级电容器电源电路28进行充电，并提供期望的对超级电容器元件90快速充电，其与电容器如何可能被一般充电不同。具体而言，在本发明的一个实施例中，电流源用于对超级电容器件90充电。
图9A和图9B示出用于常见电容的典型充电和放电曲线。例如，图9A示出了充电曲线，并且图9B示出了放电曲线。在一般电容器理论中，电容器的充电和放电曲线被认为是指数函数，如图9A和图9B所示。单个时间常数，或1T，表示电容一般用来充电到其充满电的约63％的时间量。充满电的时间被表示为5T，如图9A所示出的。图9B示出了也为指数函数的放电曲线，其中时间常数1T表示用来放电到充满电的约37％所用的时间。
然而，在本发明中，为了通过本发明的装置10的操作者有效使用的目的，需要比传统充电更快的对超级电容器充电。即，为了某些用途，例如为了固化牙科化合物，期望对超级电容器非常快速的充电，以避免在固化过程中的等待和停机时间。根据本发明图6所示的一个实施例，电流源电源电路100用于以期望速率对超级电容器进行充电。如图8所示，本发明为超级电容器提供了快速的、一般非指数的充电函数。图8对图6的充电器电路示出了相对于时间的充电超级电容器电压，并且可以看出通过本发明提供了非常陡峭的线性斜坡和充电，以提供线性改变函数，如图6所示。这为本发明提供了明显优点。
再次返回图6，电路100用作具有电流反馈功能的线性电源。图7示出了与电流反馈源的操作相关的曲线，如图6所示。当连接电源进行充电时，例如当装置10放置在充电基座27内时，直到超级电容器被充满电为止电流均为常数，并且接着有效地很小，或不输出电流至超级电容器。
充电器电路100使用线性可调节稳压器108，例如国家半导体公司提供的LM10841T稳压器。在电路100中，稳压器108为控制反馈信号被晶体管Q1电压Vbe所控制的标准线性稳压器。通过被耦合到连接器109的充电超级电容器元件，电流获得了感测电阻器(R3/R4)两端的电压。当感测电阻器两端的电压等于晶体管Q1的Vbe(0.6V)时，晶体管导通，并强迫线性电压稳压器108将电流反馈并限制到I＝0.6V/R3+R4的值。一旦超级电容器被充满电，则电流一般或有效为0安培。具有这种用作电流源的电路的电容器充电时间在图8中示出为约T＝C(V/I)。
恒定功率充电拓扑，如在本发明中使用并在此处所公开的，一般从充电源或基座将所有可供应的功率传输到能源存储超级电容器。直线性恒定电流或功率传输通常能够提供相对于必须等候5T(例如传统的电容充电)快了1T的本发明的电源的再充电。有效地，由超级电容器能够接受的最大峰值电流来设置实际充电时间。
虽然图6示出了充电器电路100(线性常数电流反馈电源)，然而用于快速超级电容器充电的本发明的替代实施例用于使用具有脉冲限制和脉冲-脉冲限制的切换模式电流模式电源。在另一实施例中，可以使用锂离子(Li-离子)电池充电器。替代地，为了对超级电容器充电的目的也可以使用镍氢金属(NiMH)电池充电器。
为了本发明的目的，可以使用各种不同超级电容器。在一个实施例中，一个或多个超级电容器元件具有约150法拉的电容量。为了本发明的目的，50-1000法拉的范围可以是适合的。可以使用多层超级电容器，例如伊利诺电子公司(Illinois Capacitor)中的一个。替代地，也可以使用由碳纳米管所制成的超级电容器。在再一实施例中，可以使用由碳气凝胶所制成的超级电容器。也可以使用锂离子超级电容器并且提供具有非常低的自放电特性的非常大的循环(如100000次循环)。超级电容器的另一期望特性为它们能够比诸如可再充电电池的传统电源更小、更薄、更轻。
在本发明的一个实施例中，使用装置10以固化牙科化合物。在这种应用中，用于光装置或引擎40的LED一般为大功率蓝LED，例如这种LED构成的阵列。这种装置一般为电流装置，并且从LED输出的光为从电源提供的电流的直接函数。根据本发明的一个方面，为了保持恒定光输出，LED元件或阵列40的电流应该恒定。在本发明的一个特征中，本发明提供电流源以对LED供电。即，超级电容器被作为电流源进行放电。为此，用于本发明的超级电容器期望放电函数为直线性函数，如图14所示，其中放电时间为：
T放电＝C(V1-V2)/I
其中V1为充满电电压，V2为最低操作电压。
在本发明的一个实施例中，用于驱动组成光引擎40的一个或多个LED元件或阵列的电源可以为升压脉宽调制(PWM)电流源，或降压PWM电流源。替代地，可以使用降压-升压PWM电流源。此外，回扫电流源或SEPIC电流源可以如下文所述进行使用。通过当超级电容器被充满电时并且电压可能高于LED所需要的正向电压时将功率提供到一个或多个LED元件，降压-升压拓扑将向装置10提供期望的长运行时间(放电时间)。当超级电容器上的电荷由于放电低于LED的正向电压时，这种拓扑接着也向LED提供功率。在一个实施例中，使用两个100F超级电容器，例如在单次充电上能够实现每次10秒的30-40次放电固化循环。
图10示出在本发明的实施例中使用的适当的升压-降压变换器200的一个实施例。图10中示出的实施例示出了两个电容C1、C2。替代地，可以使用单个超级电容器。另外进一步地，可以使用多于两个超级电容器来实现本发明，如下文所述。因此，本发明不限于在电源中可能使用的任意特定数量的超级电容器。
电源电路200使用PWM集成电路U1。U1与电感器L1耦合并且对一个或多个LED提供功率。图10示出象征性的单个LED1，然而，这种象征还覆盖了多个LED构成的阵列。PWM电路U1通过电流感测电阻R3提供功率。可以通过与适当的控制电路U3耦合的导通/关断开关S1来控制电源，控制电路U3为LED和光装置的操作提供导通/关断控制和定时功能。电路U4对U3控制电路提供局部电源。为了控制U1作为本发明的电流源，电路U2(例如运算放大器)通过LED将电阻器R3所感测到的电流转换为反馈电压。反馈电压用于将U1电路控制作为电流源，如同所期望的。电阻器R1和R2对U2电路设定电压反馈电平。
在本发明的替代实施例中，降压变换器电源300可以用于在超级电容器上提供恒定功率负载并将恒定电流提供到任意LED元件。如图11所示，降压变换器拓扑某种程度上与降压-升压拓扑类似，如在图10中所说明的类似元件共享类似附图标记。来自PWM电路U1的电源路径包括肖特基二极管元件D1和电感器L1，如同所示出的。如果LED光引擎电压需求小于超级电容器堆叠电压，可以使用降压变换器电路300。
替代地，如果LED光引擎电压需求大于超级电容器堆叠电压，可以使用升压变换器拓扑。例如，如同图12所示出的，升压变换器电路400可以用于驱动LED光引擎。图12与图10相似，其中类似的附图标记用于类似的元件。在电路400的升压拓扑中，固态开关Q1基于开关S1的控制提供电源开启/关断的功能。这种开关Q1还可以是电路200或300所期望的。肖特基二极管D1和电感器元件L1为了升压变换器操作适当地耦合。
在图10-图12、图15、图16的电路中，PWM电路U1可以是能够在低压下(例如从1.5伏到12伏)操作的标准降压、升压、或降压-升压PWM电路。在五个电路的每个电路中，U2电路元件用于控制到PWM U1的电压反馈，以提供电流源功能。R3元件两端的电压与通过LED的电流直接成比例，并且误差放大器将低欧姆感测电阻器R3两端的小的电压降放大到等于内部PWM参考电压。U3电路是当超级电容器放电到对于PWM电路U1的使用太低的点时控制光引擎的打开时间和关闭的控制电路。U3电路可以是微处理器、微控制器、复杂可编程逻辑电路(CPLD)或单个模拟计时器，例如ZSCT1555。U4电路是用作低功率降压-升压控制器的电荷泵电源，并在超级电容器的放电期间将稳定、恒定的供电电压提供到控制电路。Q1电路用作固态开关以在电源关闭时从超级电容器断开LED电源。图12示出的电源电路400使用Q1元件。这种固态开关Q1可能或可能不需要图11的降压变换器或图10的降压-升压变换器。电感器元件L1是开关模式电源(SMPS)所需的电子元件。L1的值范围一般可以从1μH到300μH。如上文所述，D1元件是通常用于图11和图12的降压或升压变换器配置的肖特基二极管。
图15示出了根据本发明的实施例对LED光引擎供电的替代电流源。图15示出回扫电流源600，其中如上文所述，相对于其它实施例使用类似的元件。在图15中，T1表示回扫变换器并且元件Q2表示回扫开关，其中电阻器R4为用于开关Q2的电流限制感测晶体管。在操作中，当开关Q2打开时，变压器T1的初级直接连接到输入电压源。次级线圈两端的电压为负，从而二极管D1为反向偏置(即，被阻挡)。输出电容器将能量供应至输出负载，例如LED1。当开关关闭时，在变压器中所存储的能量传递到变压器的输出。来自电流感测电阻器R3的反馈信号发送回PWM电路U1以控制LED电流。
图16以“单端初级电感变换器”(SEPIC)变换器700的形式示出另一替代电流源。SEPIC变换器为容许在其输出处的电压大于、小于或等于在其输入处的电压的一种DC-DC变换器。通过U1电路从来自送回到U1PWM电路以控制LED电流的电流感测电阻器R3的反馈信号的占空因数控制SEPIC变换器的输出。如同在图10-图13和图15中所使用的类似的附图标记用于图16。Q1为打开/关闭电源的固态开关。分离电感器L1和L2提供升压函数(L1)和降压函数(L2)。电容器C4在图16的电路中提供AC耦合。
虽然各图10-图13、图15、图16示出两个串联超级电容器C1和C2，但是可以使用单个超级电容器，如上文所述。替代地，超级电容器C1、C2可以一起并联连接。此外，可以使用多于两个超级电容器，并且它们可以串联-并联布置耦合到一起以向光装置10提供所需电压和功率。
在本发明的替代实施例中，可以使用如同图13示出的电路，例如为了除了固化牙科化合物之外的应用用于向较低功率的LED提供功率。图13中的电路500为降压变换器的形式，其由超级电容器C1、C2供电。电路的电压检测器部分将功率提供到“准备好的”LED(参见图1A)以示出光装置10被充满电。打开/关闭开关部对计时电路供电，其驱动固态开关Q2以在所选择的时间段(例如5-40秒)之后打开和关闭电源。如图所示，降压变换器接着向LED或LED阵列提供所需功率。
虽然通过本发明实施例的描述示出了本发明，并且虽然以相当多的细节描述了实施例，然而申请人的期望是不将所附权利要求的范围限制或以任意方式限缩到这种细节。其它优点和改型将对本领域普通技术人员容易地显现。因此，较广方面的本发明不限于代表设备和方法的特定细节，并示出和描述所示的实例。因此，可以脱离开这种细节，而不脱离申请人的通用发明性概念的精神或范围。

Claims (24)

1.一种光装置，包括：
壳体；
至少一个发光装置，用于发光；
电源电路，用于耦合到所述至少一个发光装置以对所述装置供电，所述电源电路可再充电并且包括用于充电的至少一个超级电容器元件，所述电源电路被配置为作为电流源对所述超级电容器放电，以驱动所述至少一个发光装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光装置，其中所述电源电路包括电流源电路，所述电流源电路被耦合到所述超级电容器元件和发光装置之间，以作为电流源对所述超级电容器元件进行放电。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光装置，其中所述电流源包括升压变换器电路、降压变换器电路、升压-降压变换器电路、回扫电路以及单端初级电感变换器(SEPIC)电路中的至少一个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光装置，其中所述电源电路被配置为以线性放电函数对所述超级电容器进行放电。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光装置，其中所述电源电路包括多个超级电容器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光装置，其中所述至少一个发光装置用于在适于固化可光固化化合物的波长范围内发光。
7.一种光装置，包括：
壳体；
尖端结构，被配置为与所述壳体可去除地耦合；
所述尖端结构包括至少一个发光装置，所述至少一个发光装置用于发光并且位于所述尖端结构的远端处；
电源电路，位于所述壳体中；
导电元件和接触元件，位于所述壳体上或所述尖端结构的近端上，以电耦合所述发光装置和电源电路。
8.根据权利要求7所述的光装置，其中所述尖端结构包括用于容纳所述发光装置的主体，所述壳体由能够经得起高温高压灭菌的可高温高压灭菌材料形成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的光装置，其中所述尖端结构主体由包括金属材料、陶瓷材料、玻璃材料或瓷制材料中的至少一种材料的材料形成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的光装置，其中所述尖端结构主体形成为包括可高温高压灭菌材料的涂层。
11.根据权利要求8所述的光装置，其中在所述远端处利用被配置为容许来自所述发光装置的光穿出所述壳体的透明元件来密封所述尖端结构主体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的光装置，其中所述透明元件包括玻璃窗或透镜中的至少一个。
13.根据权利要求7所述的光装置，其中所述尖端结构包括热沉元件，所述热沉元件与所述发光装置耦合以去除由所述发光装置生成的热量，所述热沉结构的端部延伸通过所述尖端结构的所述近端。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光装置，其中所述壳体包括第二热沉元件，当所述尖端结构与所述壳体可去除地耦合时所述尖端结构的所述热沉元件与所述第二热沉元件热耦合。
15.根据权利要求14所述的光装置，其中所述第二热沉元件包括沟道，以接收延伸通过所述尖端结构的所述近端的所述热沉结构的端部。
16.根据权利要求14所述的光装置，其中所述第二热沉元件包括在吸收热量时改变相的相变材料。
17.根据权利要求13所述的光装置，其中所述尖端结构包括环绕所述热沉的绝缘材料。
18.根据权利要求7所述的光装置，其中所述导电元件为圆形并且所述接触元件能够与所述导电元件在0°到360°的范围内啮合，从而所述尖端结构能够相对于所述壳体旋转。
19.根据权利要求7所述的光装置，其中所述尖端结构包括用于将功率传送到所述发光装置的高温挠性电路。
20.根据权利要求7所述的光装置，其中所述至少一个发光装置用于在适于固化可光固化化合物的波长范围内发光。
21.一种光装置系统，包括：
光装置，所述光装置包括壳体和用于发光的至少一个发光装置；
所述光装置包括用于耦合到所述至少一个发光装置的电源电路，所述电源电路包括用于充电的至少一个超级电容器元件；
基座单元，被配置为接收所述光装置并且包括用于对所述至少一个超级电容器进行充电的充电器电路，所述充电器电路被配置为作为电流源操作用于对所述至少一个超级电容器进行充电。
22.根据权利要求21所述的光装置系统，其中所述电源电路被配置为作为电流源对所述超级电容器进行放电，以驱动所述至少一个发光装置。
23.根据权利要求21所述的光装置系统，其中所述充电器电路被配置为作为电流反馈电路操作。
24.根据权利要求21所述的光装置系统，其中所述充电器电路被配置为以线性充电函数对所述超级电容器进行充电。
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