CN102056757A - 电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN102056757A
CN102056757A CN2009801219615A CN200980121961A CN102056757A CN 102056757 A CN102056757 A CN 102056757A CN 2009801219615 A CN2009801219615 A CN 2009801219615A CN 200980121961 A CN200980121961 A CN 200980121961A CN 102056757 A CN102056757 A CN 102056757A
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lithium ion
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ion battery
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CN102056757B (zh
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松本润一
石下晃生
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

具备：安装于各单电池(21)的单电池电压传感器(32)与单电池温度传感器(31)，安装于腔室(27)的气体温度传感器(33)、一氧化碳气体传感器(34)与氢气传感器(35)，安装于气体排出通路(28)的气体温度传感器(36)、一氧化碳气体传感器(37)与氢气传感器(38)，空调扇(17)、流路切换风门(19)和进行窗玻璃(41)的下降的驱动电动机(42)；在由传感器(31)～(38)检测出的电池状态值超过了预定的阈值时判断为电池组(20)的异常，起动流路切换风门(19)与空调扇(17)，使窗玻璃(41)下降，对车厢内换气。由此，将从锂离子电池产生的烟迅速排出到车外。

Description

电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及搭载有锂离子电池的电动车辆的构造。
背景技术
近年来，作为环境问题对策之一，通过来自电动机的驱动力行驶的混合动力车、燃料电池车、电动汽车等电动车辆受到瞩目。在这样的电动车辆中，搭载有电池等二次电池。作为构成车辆的驱动用电源的二次电池，使用镍氢电池、铅蓄电池等。
车辆驱动用的二次电池为了通过车厢内的被空调的空气冷却，多设置于车厢内。特别为了有效使用车厢内用的空调装置的能力，进行：将车厢内的空气向二次电池输送而进行二次电池的冷却，然后使温度上升了的空气返回到车厢内，通过车厢内用的空调装置将该温度上升了的空气冷却。这是因为，在该方式的情况下，空调效率比将冷却了二次电池的空气向外部排出更好。另外因为，不需要从二次电池与外部连通的管道，所以能够消除从该管道进入的噪音，能够降低车厢内的噪音。
另一方面，作为车辆驱动用的二次电池开始使用能量密度比镍氢电池、铅蓄电池等高、能够小型化的锂离子电池。但是，锂离子电池具有在由于车辆的碰撞等而向电池组施加冲击力时由锂离子电池内部的短路等引起而产生烟的可能性。此时，如果如上所述那样将二次电池设置于车厢内，则产生的烟进入车厢内，所以需要将车厢内的烟排出。
因此，为了即使向电池组施加冲击、从内部的锂离子电池产生的烟进入车厢内、也能够将该烟排出到车辆外，提出了在预测到车辆的碰撞等时预先将车厢与车辆外连通、将烟排出到车厢外的方法(例如，参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1：特开2007-99075号公报
发明内容
专利文献1所记载的以往技术通过设置于车辆的碰撞检测传感器、雷达装置预测车辆的碰撞，进行空调的起动、窗子的开放。因此，在没有碰撞、没有向车辆施加冲击时也会进行空调的起动、窗子的开放。这样的动作有时是与用户的意思相反的动作，有时给用户带来不舒适感。另外，在没有向电池组施加冲击力时由于锂离子电池的状态也有产生烟的可能性，但在专利文献1的以往技术中，在由于冲击以外的原因产生烟时，需要搭乘者开放窗子等而将该烟排出，所以具有不能将烟迅速排出的问题。
本发明的目的在于在从搭载于车厢内的锂离子电池产生了烟时迅速将烟排出到车外。
本发明的电动车辆，具备：搭载于车厢内的锂离子电池，检测锂离子电池的状态的电池状态检测单元，对车厢内的空气进行换气的换气机构，和进行换气机构的起动停止的控制部；控制部，在由电池状态检测单元检测出的电池状态值超过了预定的阈值时判断为锂离子电池异常，并具备在判断为异常时起动换气机构的换气机构起动单元。
在本发明的电动车辆中，也可优选设为：包含在锂离子电池的状态异常时将从锂离子电池产生的气体排出到车厢内的气体排出通路，电池状态检测单元为安装于锂离子电池的电压传感器与温度传感器和设置于气体排出通路的气体传感器与温度传感器的任意一个或者多个的组合，换气机构包含将大气(外界空气)导入车厢内的大气导入机构和通过驱动电机使车厢的窗玻璃移动的窗玻璃驱动机构，换气起动单元包含大气导入机构起动单元和通过窗玻璃驱动机构开始窗玻璃的开放的窗开放开始单元。
在本发明的电动车辆中，也可优选设为：具备覆盖锂离子电池上部、连接有气体排出通路、在锂离子电池异常时将从锂离子电池产生的气体集合的腔体，气体传感器和气体温度传感器中的任意一方或者双方设置于腔体的上部内面；也可优选设为：气体传感器为一氧化碳气体传感器和氢气传感器中的任意一方或者双方。
本发明起到能够在从搭载于车厢内的锂离子电池产生烟时迅速将烟排出到车外的效果。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式中的电动车辆的结构的说明图。
图2是表示本发明的实施方式中的电动车辆所搭载的电池组的平面与侧面的说明图。
图3是表示本发明的实施方式中的电动车辆的控制系统的系统图。
图4是表示本发明的实施方式中的电动车辆的动作的流程图。
图5是表示本发明的实施方式中的电动车辆的电池异常时的单电池(セル)电压与单电池温度与一氧化碳浓度的变化、和大气导入机构与窗玻璃驱动机构的指令信号的变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面，一边参照附图一边对本发明的优选的实施方式进行说明。如图1所示，本实施方式的电动车辆100具备车体10、在车体10的内部由前方分隔构件12与后方分隔构件13分隔的车厢11。在位于前方分隔构件12的前方的发动机罩中收纳有未图示的发动机、车辆驱动用的电动发电机、动力分配机构、逆变器、驱动用齿轮等。在车体10上，开闭自如地安装有具有窗玻璃41的门40。窗玻璃41通过未图示的驱动用电动机与齿轮上下开闭。驱动用电动机与齿轮构成窗玻璃驱动机构。
在前方分隔构件12的前方的发动机罩下，设有向车厢11输送空气的空调扇17。在空调扇17上，安装有：连接于车厢11的车厢空气吸入管15，从车外吸入大气的大气吸入管16和在车厢空气吸入管15与大气吸入管16之间切换吸入流路的流路切换风门19(调节器，ダンパ)。另外，在空调扇17上，连接有将从车厢空气吸入管15或者大气吸入管16吸入的空气送入车厢11的空气吹出管18。在空气吹出管18上安装有未图示的空调装置的换热器，构成为将吸入的空气冷却而送入车厢11。在流路切换风门19被切换到车厢空气吸入管15侧时，车厢11变为大致密闭状态，大气几乎不会进入车厢11内。大气吸入管16、流路切换风门19、空调扇17与空气吹出管18构成大气导入机构。先前说明的窗玻璃驱动机构与大气导入机构构成换气机构。
在车厢11内配置有驾驶者、乘员就座的座椅，在驾驶席的座椅与副驾席的座椅之间设有通过壳体14分隔的电池设置空间。电池设置空间构成为与车厢11连通。在电池设置空间中安装有收纳有多个锂离子电池的单电池21的电池组20。在电池组20上安装有从车厢11内吸入冷却用空气的空气吸入管路23和将冷却电池组20而温度上升的空气从电池组20排出到车厢11的空气排出管路25。在空气吸入管路23上安装有冷却风扇24。另外，在收纳于电池组20的锂离子电池的各单电池21的上面，安装有用于使诸如当在各单电池21的内部正负的电极接触的异常状态时从各单电池21产生的气体逸出的逸出管26。在逸出管26的端面上设有在单电池21的内压由于产生的气体而上升时破裂而使单电池21内部的气体逸出到外部的安全隔膜26a(安全阀，ラプチヤ一ヂスク)。在电池组20的上面设有将从逸出管26放出的气体集合的腔室27。在腔室27上设有将气体排出到车厢11的气体排出通路28。
如图2(a)所示，电池组20的结构为将板状的单电池21立起、在电池组20的外壳22的宽度方向上隔开间隙地并列。从各单电池21获取蓄电功率(电力)，合计而作为电池组20的输出而输出。在各单电池21之间的间隙中，通过冷却风扇24使冷却空气从空气吸入管路23向空气排出管路25流动，各单电池21被冷却变为运行范围温度。如图2(a)以及图2(b)所示，在各单电池21的中央的上部设有逸出管26与安全隔膜26a。在各单电池21上，分别安装有测定各单电池21的输出电压的单电池电压传感器32与测定各单电池21的温度的单电池温度传感器31。
如图2(b)所示，在设置于电池组20的上部的腔室27的上侧的内部安装有气体温度传感器33、一氧化碳气体传感器34与氢气传感器35。这些各传感器33、34、35被安装于设置于各单电池21的各逸出管26的正上附近，构成为从各单电池21放出的气体直接接触各传感器33、34、35而能够高灵敏度地进行温度、一氧化碳气体、氢气的检测。另外，也可以将气体温度传感器33、一氧化碳气体传感器34与氢气传感器35一个一个安装于腔室27的上部内面的中央附近。另外，如图2(b)所示，在将气体排出到车厢11的气体排出通路28上安装有气体温度传感器36、一氧化碳气体传感器37与氢气传感器38。
安装于各单电池21、测定各单电池21的输出电压的单电池电压传感器32、测定各单电池21的温度的单电池温度传感器31，以及安装于腔室27的气体温度传感器33、一氧化碳气体传感器34、氢气传感器35，以及安装于气体排出通路28的气体温度传感器36、一氧化碳气体传感器37与氢气传感器38构成检测作为锂离子电池的电池组20的状态的电池状态检测单元。
如图3所示，安装于电池组20的各传感器31～38被分别连接于搭载于电动车辆100的控制部50。在本实施方式中，控制部50是在内部具备CPU与存储器的计算机。另外，图中的单点划线表示信号线。如图3所示，控制部50具备大气导入机构起动单元51与窗开放开始单元52。电动车辆100的空调扇17与流路切换风门19构成为，经由风扇·风门接口54连接于控制部50，通过控制部50的指令驱动。另外，开闭驱动电动车辆100的门40的窗玻璃41的驱动电动机42构成为经由窗玻璃驱动机构接口55连接于控制部50，通过控制部50的指令驱动。
对于上面所说明那样构成的电动车辆100的动作，一边参照图4与图5一边进行说明。如图4的步骤S101所示，控制部50通过单电池温度传感器31和单电池电压传感器32获取电池组20的各单电池21的温度、电压。另外控制部50通过设置于电池组20的腔室27的各传感器33～35获取腔室27的气体温度、一氧化碳浓度、氢气浓度。另外，控制部50通过设置于气体排出通路28的各传感器36～38获取气体排出通路28的气体温度、一氧化碳浓度、氢气浓度。然后，控制部50如图4的步骤S102所示，判断是否在电池组20产生了异常。
在图5所示的时间零的时刻，各单电池21的单电池电压为通常输出，单电池温度、气体排出通路28的一氧化碳浓度都为阈值以下。在这样的状态的情况下，控制部50判断为电池组20正常，没有发烟，返回图4所示的步骤S101通过各传感器31～38监视电池组20的状态。
另一方面，在如图5的时间t1所示那样、1个或者多个单电池21的单电池电压大致下降为零、并且单电池温度变为阈值以上、进而气体排出通路28的一氧化碳浓度变为阈值以上的情况下，控制部50判断为在电池组20产生异常。这是因为，在单电池21的内部正负的电极接触从而输出电压变为零，由于单电池21的内部的电池的温度的上升在单电池内部产生气体，安全隔膜26a由于该气体的压力而破坏从而包含一氧化碳的气体从单电池21经腔室27流到气体排出通路28，能够判断为气体变为烟进入车厢11内的状态。
该异常产生的判断能够通过各种传感器判断。在上述的实施方式中，在单电池电压、单电池温度与一氧化碳浓度都超过阈值时判断为产生了异常，但例如，也可以在单电池电压大致为零并且一氧化碳浓度比预定的值大时判断为在电池组20产生了异常，也可以在温度与一氧化碳浓度超过了阈值时判断为在电池组20产生了异常。另外，也可以代替一氧化碳浓度而在作为气体中所含的另一种特征成分的氢气浓度超过阈值时判断为在电池组20产生了异常。
控制部50在判断为在电池组20产生了异常时，如图4的步骤S103所示那样，判断该异常状态是否持续了预定的时间。例如，控制部50可以每隔预定间隔通过各传感器31～38获取电池的状态，每当判断为该结果异常状态时将计数器累计加一，在计数器到达预定的数值时判断为异常状态持续了预定的时间；也可以在判断为电池组20异常时，起动控制部50内的定时器，在预定时间后通过各传感器31～38获取电池状态，在此时电池组20处于异常状态的情况下，判断为异常状态持续了预定的时间。
控制部50在如图5的时间Δt那样、判断为电池组20的异常状态持续了预定的时间时，如图4的步骤S104、图5的时间t2所示那样，判断为确定了从电池组20产生了烟的状态。
若控制部50确定了从电池组20产生了烟，则如图4的步骤S105、图5的时间t3所示那样，通过大气导入机构起动单元51向风扇·风门接口54输出大气导入指令。通过该指令，风扇·风门接口54将流路切换风门19切换到大气吸入管16侧并且起动空调扇17，将大气从空气吹出管18导入车厢11内。此时，也可以将空调扇17的转速设定为高转速模式而增加导入的大气。另外，控制部50如图4的步骤S106、图5的时间t4所示那样，通过窗开放开始单元52向窗玻璃驱动机构接口55输出将窗开放的指令。通过该指令，窗玻璃驱动机构接口55起动驱动电动机42使窗玻璃41下降而进行窗的开放。窗玻璃41的下降可以下降到窗变为完全开放，也可以下降到开放一半。
在从空气吹出管18将大气导入车厢11内并且窗玻璃41下降而将窗开放时，车厢11内通过大气换气，从气体排出通路28进入车厢11内的烟从开放的窗排出到车厢11的外部。如图5所示，在从发烟确定开始经过一段时间后，气体的从单电池21的放出停止，气体排出通路28的一氧化碳浓度急速下降，返回到初始的状态。另外，单电池21的温度也随时间而下降，在经过一段时间后，大致返回到初始的温度。
控制部50如图4的步骤S107所示那样，判断从导入大气并且将窗开放开始是否经过了预定的时间。这可以通过控制部50内部的定时器进行计时，也可以通过控制部50内部的累计计数器累计时间。
控制部50在判断为从导入大气并且将窗开放开始经过了预定的时间时，在图5的时间t5如图4的步骤S108与步骤S109所示那样，向风扇·风门接口54输出大气导入停止指令。风扇·风门接口54通过该指令，将空调扇17停止，将流路切换风门19切换到车厢空气吸入管15侧。控制部50向窗玻璃驱动机构接口55输出窗开放停止指令。通过该指令，在图5的时间t6窗玻璃驱动机构接口55将驱动电动机42停止，将窗的开放停止。此时，在窗已经变为完全开放的情况下，不进行窗玻璃41的移动，维持为完全开放状态。
如上面所说明，根据本实施方式，通过锂离子电池的电池组20的各单电池21或者安装于腔室27、气体排出通路28的传感器31～38进行电池组20的异常的检测与发烟的判断，所以起到能够在从电池组20产生烟时迅速将烟排出到车外，能够抑制由烟引起的视线不良的效果。另外，在没有产生来自电池组20的烟时，抑制了进行空调扇17的起动、窗的开放，所以起到不会给用户带来不舒适感的效果。
根据本实施方式，除了由通过电动车辆100的碰撞等向电池组20施加冲击而引起的烟的产生以外，在例如通过内部短路、过充电、过热等电池组20的单电池21的异常而产生烟时，也起到能够迅速将烟排出到车外的效果。
符号说明
10：车体
11：车厢
14：壳体
15：车厢空气吸入管
16：大气吸入管
17：空调扇
18：空气吹出管
19：流路切换风门
20：电池组
21：单电池
22：外壳
23：空气吸入管路
24：冷却风扇
25：空气排出管路
26a：安全隔膜
26：逸出管
27：腔室
28：气体排出通路
31：单电池温度传感器
32：单电池电压传感器
33、36：气体温度传感器
34、37：一氧化碳气体传感器
35、38：氢气传感器
40：门
41：窗玻璃
42：驱动电动机
50：控制部
51：大气导入机构起动单元
52：窗开放开始单元
54：风扇·风门接口(转接界面，インタ一フエス)
55：窗玻璃驱动机构接口
100：电动车辆
t1～t6：时间
Δt：时间

Claims (5)

1.一种电动车辆，该电动车辆具备：
搭载于车厢内的锂离子电池；
检测锂离子电池的状态的电池状态检测单元；
对车厢内的空气进行换气的换气机构；和
进行换气机构的起动停止的控制部；
控制部，在由电池状态检测单元检测出的电池状态值超过了预定的阈值时判断为锂离子电池异常，并具备在判断为异常时起动换气机构的换气机构起动单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其中：
包含在锂离子电池的状态异常时将从锂离子电池产生的气体排出到车厢内的气体排出通路；
电池状态检测单元为安装于锂离子电池的电压传感器与温度传感器和设置于气体排出通路的气体传感器与气体温度传感器的任意一个或者多个的组合；
换气机构包含将大气导入车厢内的大气导入机构和通过驱动电机使车厢的窗玻璃移动的窗玻璃驱动机构；
换气起动单元包含大气导入机构起动单元和通过窗玻璃驱动机构开始窗玻璃的开放的窗开放开始单元。
3.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆，其中：
具备覆盖锂离子电池上部、连接有气体排出通路、在锂离子电池异常时将从锂离子电池产生的气体集合的腔体；
气体传感器和气体温度传感器中的任意一方或者双方设置于腔体的上部内面。
4.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆，其中：
气体传感器为一氧化碳气体传感器和氢气传感器中的任意一方或者双方。
5.如权利要求3所述的电动车辆，其中：
气体传感器为一氧化碳气体传感器和氢气传感器中的任意一方或者双方。
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BRPI0915114B1 (pt) 2019-12-10
JP4582205B2 (ja) 2010-11-17
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