JP2014525230A - ベストエフォートエコノミーのための車両動作の動的制限 - Google Patents
ベストエフォートエコノミーのための車両動作の動的制限 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014525230A JP2014525230A JP2014523005A JP2014523005A JP2014525230A JP 2014525230 A JP2014525230 A JP 2014525230A JP 2014523005 A JP2014523005 A JP 2014523005A JP 2014523005 A JP2014523005 A JP 2014523005A JP 2014525230 A JP2014525230 A JP 2014525230A
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Abstract
【選択図】図4
Description
さらに前記方法においては、決定された前記走行距離が決定された前記推定航続距離を超えていると判断されると、前記車両における少なくとも1つの不要なコンポーネントへの電力供給を中止できる。
現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記主電力蓄積デバイスの履歴情報に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記車両の特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記車両の運転パターン履歴に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記現時点における前記車両の運転者の運転パターン履歴(速度、加速度)に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記現時点において前記車両が動作されている環境の環境パラメータ(気温、地形)の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定するにあたって、前記現在地と前記主電力蓄積デバイスの交換品を所持している少なくとも1つの場所の間の走行距離を特定できる。
現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定するにあたって、前記現在地から前記少なくとも1つの目的地まで前記車両が走行する道路の最短距離を特定できる。
現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定するにあたって、前記現在地と前記少なくとも1つの目的地の間における少なくとも1つの標高変化を考慮できる。
決定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離を比較するにあたって、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないかを判断できる。
決定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離の比較結果に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性を制限するかを決定するにあたって、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないと判断されると、前記車両の速度と加速度の少なくとも一方を制限できる。
前記コントローラは、前記判断に応じて、前記車両における少なくとも1つの不要なコンポーネントへの電力供給を中止できる。
前記コントローラは、前記主電力蓄積デバイスの履歴情報に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記車両の特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記車両の運転パターン履歴に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記現時点における前記車両の運転者の運転パターン履歴に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記現時点において前記車両が動作されている環境の環境パラメータの少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記現在地と前記少なくとも1つの目的地の間における少なくとも1つの標高変化に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記現在地と前記主電力蓄積デバイスの交換品を所持している少なくとも1つの場所の間の走行距離を特定できる。
前記コントローラは、前記現在地から前記少なくとも1つの目的地まで前記車両が走行する道路の最短距離を特定できる。
前記コントローラは、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないかを判断できる。
前記コントローラは、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないと判断されると、前記車両の速度と加速度の少なくとも一方を制限できる。
第2の数の温度調節デバイス200cは、制御回路の少なくとも1つのコンポーネント(例えば少なくとも1つの電力コンバータ206a〜206e)の近傍に、あるいは当該コンポーネントに隣接または接触して配置されうる。
第3の数の温度調節デバイス200dは、コントローラ204の少なくとも1つのコンポーネントの近傍に、あるいは当該コンポーネントに隣接して、またあるいは当該コンポーネントに接触して配置されうる。
温度調節デバイス200cは、第1DC/DC電力コンバータ206aおよびDC/AC電力コンバータ206bの近傍に配置されている。これに加えてあるいは代えて、温度調節デバイス200cは、AC/DC電力コンバータ206cまたは第2DC/DC電力コンバータ206dの近傍に、あるいはAC/DC電力コンバータ206cまたは第2DC/DC電力コンバータ206dに隣接または接触して配置されうる。
これに加えてあるいは代えて、少なくとも1つの温度調節デバイス200は、第3DC/DC電力コンバータ206eの近傍に配置されうる。
温度調節デバイス200は、トラクション電動モータ116により生成される電力の供給を受けうる。この電力は回生制動動作の間に生成されうる。少なくとも1つのスイッチSW1(1個のみ図示)は、コントローラ120からの制御信号CS1に応じて操作されうる。これにより、電気エネルギー蓄積デバイス118から温度調節デバイスへ電力を選択的に結合する。
ROM222は、制御ロジックを実行するプロセッサ実行可能な命令とデータの少なくとも一方を記憶できる様々な形態を取りうる。
RAM224は、プロセッサ実行可能な命令またはデータを一時的に保持できる様々な形態を取りうる。
マイクロコントローラ220、ROM222、RAM224、およびゲート駆動回路226は、電力バス、命令バス、データバス、アドレスバス等を含む少なくとも1つのバス(不図示)によって結合されうる。
あるいは、制御ロジックは、アナログ回路により実現されうる。
好ましくは、電動スクータまたはモータバイク100の航続距離の推定をより良好に行なうためにこれらが用いられうる。
これに代えてあるいは加えて、電動スクータまたはモータバイク100は、標高を検出する高度計や、他のセンサ(例えば、標高の変化を検出する加速度計)を含みうる。これにより、推定航続距離を決定する際に位置エネルギーの考慮が可能とされる。位置エネルギーは、丘陵に対する電動スクータまたはモータバイク100の相対位置(丘陵最上部、丘陵最下部など)に対応付けられる。したがって、動作性能の不必要な制限を防止しつつ、より正確な推定航続距離を有利に生成できる。例えば、電動スクータまたはモータバイク100が大きな丘陵の最上部またはその近傍に位置すると分かれば、推定航続距離を長くするように決定して交換または補充場所を航続距離内に収め、運転性能を制限する必要を回避する。あるいは、電動スクータまたはモータバイク100が大きな丘陵の最下部またはその近傍に位置すると分かれば、推定航続距離を短くするように決定して最も近い交換または補充場所を推定航続距離外とする。これにより、運転性能の制限をより早期に発生させ、電動スクータまたはモータバイク100が交換または補充場所へ確実に到達できるようにする。
このような構成は、トラクションモータ116から副電気エネルギー蓄積デバイス300へ電流を選択的に流すことにより様々な温度調節デバイス200の少なくとも一部が動作するときに、副電気エネルギー蓄積デバイス300の蓄積量低下を抑制しうるので有利である。例えば、様々な温度調節デバイス200が動作しているとき、または蓄積デバイス300が100%未満の充電状態であるときに、コントローラ204は、制動サイクル中に低デューティサイクルの制御信号をSW4へ提供し、SW4を効果的に閉状態から開状態にすることができる。反対に、温度調節装置200が実質的に動作していないとき、あるいは蓄積デバイス300が実質的に完全な充電状態であるときに、コントローラ204は、制動サイクル中に高デューティサイクルの制御信号をSW4に提供してSW4を効果的に開状態から閉状態にすることができる。これにより、例えば回生制動動作中に生成されるエネルギーが副電気エネルギー蓄積デバイス300には多すぎる場合には、余分な電気エネルギーが熱として散逸されうる。
当該実施形態例では電動モータに言及しているが、説明の内容は電動車両補機にも等しく適用可能である。さらに、電動車両補機については、補機による電気エネルギー消費を削減するため、補機へ供給される電圧を制限するのではなく、補機への電力供給をスイッチング回路を介して遮断可能である。
一実施形態においては、開示の主題は、少なくとも1つのマイクロコントローラを通じて実現されうる。しかしながら、本明細書に開示された各実施形態の少なくとも一部は、標準的な集積回路(特定用途向け集積回路すなわちASICなど)により、少なくとも1つのコンピュータにより実行される少なくとも1つのコンピュータプログラムとして(例えば、少なくとも1つのコンピュータシステム上で動作する少なくとも1つのプログラムとして)、少なくとも1つのコントローラ(マイクロコントローラなど)により実行される少なくとも1つのプログラムとして、少なくとも1つのプロセッサ(マイクロプロセッサなど)により実行される少なくとも1つのプログラムとして、ファームウェアとして、あるいはこれらの組合せによって同等に実現されうることは、当業者にとって明らかである。
また、本明細書の教示を踏まえた回路設計、ソフトウェアやファームウェアのコードライティングは、当業者の技量の範囲内であることは明らかである。
コンピュータ読取り可能な媒体のより具体的な例としては、可搬型コンピュータディスク(磁気ディスク、コンパクトフラッシュカード、SDカードなど)、ランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)、リードオンリメモリ(ROM)、消去可能なプログラマブルリードオンリメモリ(EPROM、FEPROM、またはフラッシュメモリ)、可搬型コンパクトディスクリードオンリメモリ(CDROM)、デジタルテープが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
発明の名称が「電池などの電力蓄積デバイスを回収し、充電し、分配する装置、方法、および物品」とされ、2011年7月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願(代理人整理番号170178.401P1)。
発明の名称が「電動車両におけるコンポーネントの熱管理」とされ、2011年7月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願(代理人整理番号170178.406P1)。
Claims (35)
- 主電力蓄積デバイスにより給電される原動機を有する車両を動作させる方法であって、
現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の推定航続距離を決定し、
現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定し、
決定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離を比較し、
決定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離の比較結果に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性を制限するかを決定する、方法。 - 前記決定に応じて、前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性の少なくとも1つを制限する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性の少なくとも1つを制限するにあたり、前記車両の速度を制限する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性の少なくとも1つを制限するにあたり、前記車両の加速度を制限する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記原動機は電動モータであり、
決定された前記走行距離が決定された前記推定航続距離を超えていると判断されると、前記車両の前記電動モータに供給される電圧を制限する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記原動機は電動モータであり、
決定された前記走行距離が決定された前記推定航続距離を超えていると判断されると、前記車両の前記電動モータに供給される電流を制限する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 決定された前記走行距離が決定された前記推定航続距離を超えていると判断されると、前記主電力蓄積デバイスの温度を調節する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 決定された前記走行距離が決定された前記推定航続距離を超えていると判断されると、前記車両における少なくとも1つの不要なコンポーネントへの電力供給を中止する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの充電レベルに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記主電力蓄積デバイスの履歴情報に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記車両の特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記車両の運転パターン履歴に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記現時点における前記車両の運転者の運転パターン履歴(速度、加速度)に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の推定航続距離を決定するにあたって、前記現時点において前記車両が動作されている環境の環境パラメータ(気温、地形)の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定するにあたって、前記現在地と前記主電力蓄積デバイスの交換品を所持している少なくとも1つの場所の間の走行距離を特定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定するにあたって、前記現在地から前記少なくとも1つの目的地まで前記車両が走行する道路の最短距離を特定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離の推定値を少なくとも決定するにあたって、前記現在地と前記少なくとも1つの目的地の間における少なくとも1つの標高変化を考慮する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 決定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離を比較するにあたって、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないかを判断する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 決定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離の比較結果に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性を制限するかを決定するにあたって、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないと判断されると、前記車両の速度と加速度の少なくとも一方を制限する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 車両における少なくとも1つの車輪に結合された原動機と、
電力を蓄積する主電力蓄積デバイスと、
前記主電力蓄積デバイスと前記原動機の間で選択的に電力を移動させるように結合および動作可能とされた電源と、
前記電源を制御すべく通信可能に結合されたコントローラと、
を備えており、
前記コントローラは、決定された前記車両の推定航続距離と、決定された前記車両の現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の走行距離との比較結果に応じて、前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性を制限する、車両。 - 前記コントローラは、
前記現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの電気的特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記推定航続距離を決定し、
現在地と少なくとも1つの目的地の間の前記走行距離を特定し、
特定された前記走行距離を決定された前記推定航続距離と比較し、
特定された前記走行距離と決定された前記推定航続距離の比較結果に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記車両の前記原動機の動作特性を制限するかを決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。 - 前記原動機は電動モータであり、
前記コントローラは、前記判断に応じて前記車両の前記電動モータに供給される電圧を制限する制御信号を前記電源に印加する、請求項20に記載の車両。 - 前記原動機は電動モータであり、
前記コントローラは、前記判断に応じて、前記車両の前記電動モータに供給される電流を制限する制御信号を前記電源に印加する、請求項20に記載の車両。 - 前記コントローラは、前記判断に応じて、前記車両における少なくとも1つの不要なコンポーネントへの電力供給を中止する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記現時点における前記主電力蓄積デバイスの充電レベルに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記主電力蓄積デバイスの履歴情報に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記車両の特性の少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記車両の運転パターン履歴に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記現時点における前記車両の運転者の運転パターン履歴に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記現時点において前記車両が動作されている環境の環境パラメータの少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記現在地と前記少なくとも1つの目的地の間における少なくとも1つの標高変化に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記推定航続距離を決定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記現在地と前記主電力蓄積デバイスの交換品を所持している少なくとも1つの場所の間の走行距離を特定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、前記現在地から前記少なくとも1つの目的地まで前記車両が走行する道路の最短距離を特定する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないかを判断する、請求項20に記載の車両。
- 前記コントローラは、決定された前記走行距離に係る所定の閾値を前記推定航続距離が超えていないと判断されると、前記車両の速度と加速度の少なくとも一方を制限する、請求項20に記載の車両。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI584976B (zh) | 2017-06-01 |
EP2736760A2 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
WO2013016542A3 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
EP3340131B1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
US9437058B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
TW201309502A (zh) | 2013-03-01 |
WO2013016542A2 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
US20130030630A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
EP3340131A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
EP2736760A4 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
CN103889773A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
CN103889773B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
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