CN101668525A - 谷氨酰胺酰环化酶抑制剂的新用途 - Google Patents
谷氨酰胺酰环化酶抑制剂的新用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101668525A CN101668525A CN200880011673A CN200880011673A CN101668525A CN 101668525 A CN101668525 A CN 101668525A CN 200880011673 A CN200880011673 A CN 200880011673A CN 200880011673 A CN200880011673 A CN 200880011673A CN 101668525 A CN101668525 A CN 101668525A
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Abstract
概括而言,本发明涉及谷氨酰胺酰肽环转移酶的抑制剂,以及其用于治疗和/或预防疾病或病症的用途,所述疾病或病症选自炎性疾病,所述炎性疾病选自:a.神经变性疾病,例如轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症,b.慢性和急性炎症,例如类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎,c.纤维化,例如肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化,d.癌症,例如癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、胃癌,e.代谢疾病,例如高血压,f.和其它炎性疾病,例如神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症。而且,本发明涉及各自的诊断方法、测定和试剂盒。
Description
概括而言,本发明涉及谷氨酰胺酰肽环转移酶(glutaminyl peptidecyclotransferase)的抑制剂,以及其用于治疗和/或预防疾病或病症的用途,所述疾病或病症选自:类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化、胰腺炎、轻度认知缺损、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征中的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、高血压、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、结节性硬化症和胃癌。
进一步地,本发明涉及基于谷氨酰胺酰环化酶抑制剂的用途的诊断试剂盒和方法。
谷氨酰胺酰环化酶(QC,EC 2.3.2.5),在释放出氨的情况下,催化N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基残基的分子内环化,而使其转化为焦谷氨酸(5-羟脯氨酸,pGlu*),并在释放出水的情况下,催化N-末端谷氨酰基残基的分子内环化,而使其转化为焦谷氨酸。
在1963年,Messer首次从热带植物番木瓜的乳液中分离出QC(Messer,M.1963 Nature 4874,1299)。24年后,在动物垂体中发现了相应的酶活性(Busby,W.H.J.等,1987 J Biol Chem 262,8532-8536;Fischer,W.H.和Spiess,J.1987 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84,3628-3632)。就哺乳动物的QC而言,对于TRH和GnRH的前体,可以表现出通过QC将Gln转化为pGlu(Busby,W.H.J.等,1987 J Biol Chem 262,8532-8536;Fischer,W.H.和Spiess,J.1987 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84,3628-3632)。此外,初期的QC定位实验表明与它假定的催化产物的共同定位在牛下丘脑垂体束中,这进一步增强了其在肽类激素成熟中的显露出来的功能(Bockers,T.M.等,1995J Neuroendocrinol 7,445-453)。相反,植物QC的生理功能较不清楚。就来自番木瓜的酶而言,表明了在植物中防御致病微生物的作用(El Moussaoui,A.等,2001 Cell Mol Life Sci 58,556-570)。近来,通过序列比较鉴别了来自其它植物的假定的QC(Dahl,S.W.等,2000 Protein Expr Purif 20,27-36)。然而这些酶的生理功能尚不明确。
来自动物和植物的已知QC表现出对位于底物的N-末端上的L-谷氨酰胺的严格专一性,并且已发现它们的动力学行为遵循米-曼方程(Pohl,T.等,1991 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88,10059-10063;Consalvo,A.P.等,1988 Anal Biochem 175,131-138;Gololobov,M.Y.等,1996 Biol ChemHoppe Seyler 377,395-398)。然而,比对来自番木瓜的QC的一级结构和来自哺乳动物的高度保守的QC的一级结构,未显示任何序列同源性(Dahl,S.W.等,(2000)Protein Expr Purif 20,27-36)。而植物QC似乎属于新的酶家族(Dahl,S.W.等,(2000)Protein Expr Purif 20,27-36),发现了哺乳动物的QC与细菌的氨肽酶类具有显著的序列同源性(Bateman,R.C.等,2001Biochemistry 40,11246-11250),得出来自植物和动物的QC具有不同的进化起源的结论。
EP 02011349.4公开了编码昆虫谷氨酰胺酰环化酶的多核苷酸和由其编码的多肽。该申请进一步提供了包含含有该发明的多核苷酸的表达载体的宿主细胞。分离的多肽和包含昆虫QC的宿主细胞用于筛选降低谷氨酰胺酰环化酶活性的药剂的方法中。这样的药剂被描述为有用的杀虫剂。
趋化性细胞因子(趋化因子)是吸引和活化白细胞的蛋白质,并被认为在炎症中发挥基本作用。按照N-末端半胱氨酸残基的出现(″C″-;″CC″-;″CXC″-和″CX3C″-趋化因子),将趋化因子分成四类。″CXC″-趋化因子优先作用于嗜中性粒细胞。相反,″CC″-趋化因子优先吸引单核细胞至炎症部位。单核细胞侵润被认为是许多病况中的关键事件(Gerard,C.和Rollins,B.J.(2001)Nat.Immunol 2,108-115;Bhatia,M.,等,(2005)Pancreatology.5,132-144;Kitamoto,S.,Egashira,K.,和Takeshita,A.(2003)J Pharmacol Sci.91,192-196)。作为趋化因子家族之一的MCP家族由4种成员(MCP-1-4)组成,这4种成员表现为优先吸引单核细胞,但是它们的能力不同(Luini,W.,等,(1994)Cytokine 6,28-31;Uguccioni,M.,等,(1995)Eur J Immunol 25,64-68)。MCP-1-4的cDNA和氨基酸序列显示如下:
人类MCP-1(CCL2)(基因库编号:M24545)
cDNA(300bp) SEQ ID NO:2
1 atgaaagtct ctgccgccct tctgtgcctg ctgctcatag cagccaccttcattccccaa
61 gggctcgctc agccagatgc aatcaatgcc ccagtcacct gctgttataacttcaccaat
121 aggaagatct cagtgcagag gctcgcgagc tatagaagaa tcaccagcagcaagtgtccc
181 aaagaagctg tgatcttcaa gaccattgtg gccaaggaga tctgtgctgaccccaagcag
241 aagtgggttc aggattccat ggaccacctg gacaagcaaa cccaaactccgaagacttga
蛋白质(信号序列以粗体表示:23aa;成熟MCP-1:76aa)
KEAVIFKTIVAKEICADPKQKWVQDSMDHLDKQTQTPKT
人类MCP-2(CCL8)(基因库编号:Y10802)
cDNA(300bp) SEQ ID NO:12
1 atgaaggttt ctgcagcgct tctgtgcctg ctgctcatgg cagccactttcagccctcag
61 ggacttgctc agccagattc agtttccatt ccaatcacct gctgctttaa cgtgatcaat
121 aggaaaattc ctatccagag gctggagagc tacacaagaa tcaccaacat ccaatgtccc
181 aaggaagctg tgatcttcaa gacccaacgg ggcaaggagg tctgtgctga ccccaaggag
241 agatgggtca gggattccat gaagcatctg gaccaaatat ttcaaaatct gaagccatga
蛋白质(信号序列以粗体表示:23aa;成熟 MCP-2:76aa)
KEAVIFKTQRGKEVCADPKERWVRDSMKHLDQIFQNLKP
人类MCP-3(CCL7)(基因库编号:X71087)
cDNA(300bp) SEQ ID NO:14
1 atgaaagcct ctgcagcact tctgtgtctg ctgctcacag cagctgctttcagcccccag
61 gggcttgctc agccagttgg gattaatact tcaactacct gctgctacag atttatcaat
121 aagaaaatcc ctaagcagag gctggagagc tacagaagga ccaccagtag ccactgtccc
181 cgggaagctg taatcttcaa gaccaaactg gacaaggaga tctgtgctga ccccacacag
241 aagtgggtcc aggactttat gaagcacctg gacaagaaaa cccaaactcc aaagctttga
蛋白质(信号序列以粗体表示:23aa;成熟MCP-3:76aa)
REAVIFKTKLDKEICADPTQKWVQDFMKHLDKKTQTPKL
人类MCP-4(CCL13)(基因库编号:U46767)
cDNA(297bp) SEQ ID NO:16
1 atgaaagtct ctgcagtgct tctgtgcctg ctgctcatga cagcagcttt caacccccag
61 ggacttgctc agccagatgc actcaacgtc ccatctactt gctgcttcac atttagcagt
121 aagaagatct ccttgcagag gctgaagagc tatgtgatca ccaccagcag gtgtccccag
181 aaggctgtca tcttcagaac caaactgggc aaggagatct gtgctgaccc aaaggagaag
241 tgggtccaga attatatgaa acacctgggc cggaaagctc acaccctgaa gacttga
蛋白质(信号序列以粗体表示:23aa;成熟MCP-4:75aa)
SEQ ID NO:15QPDALNVPSTCCFTFSSKKISLQRLKSYVITTSRCPQ
KAVIFRTKLGKEICADPKEKWVQNYMKHLGRKAHTLKT
许多研究已特别强调了MCP-1在以下疾病的形成中起决定性作用:动脉粥样硬化(Gu,L.,等,(1998)Mol.Cell 2,275-281;Gosling,J.,等,(1999)J Clin.Invest 103,773-778);类风湿性关节炎(Gong,J.H.,等,(1997)J Exp.Med 186,131-137;Ogata,H.,等,(1997)J Pathol.182,106-114);胰腺炎(Bhatia,M.,等,(2005)Am.J Physiol Gastrointest.liver Physiol 288,G1259-G1265);阿尔茨海默病(Yamamoto,M.,等,(2005)Am.J Pathol.166,1475-1485);肺纤维化(Inoshima,I.,等,(2004)Am.J Physiol Lung CellMol.Physiol 286,L1038-L1044);肾纤维化(Wada,T.,等,(2004)J Am.Soc.Nephrol.15,940-948),和移植排斥(Saiura,A.,等,(2004)Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol.24,1886-1890)。而且,MCP-1可能也在以下疾病中发挥作用:妊娠中毒(Katabuchi,H.,等,(2003)Med Electron Microsc.36,253-262),在肿瘤形成中作为旁分泌因子(Ohta,M.,等,(2003)Int.J Oncol.22,773-778;Li,S.,等,(2005)J Exp.Med 202,617-624),神经性疼痛(White,F.A.,等,(2005)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A)和AIDS(Park,I.W.,Wang,J.F.和Groopman,J.E.(2001)Blood 97,352-358;Coll,B.,等,(2006)Cytokine 34,51-55)。
人类和啮齿动物的MCP-1的成熟形式经由谷氨酰胺酰环化酶(QC)进行翻译后修饰而具有N-末端焦谷氨酰基(pGlu)残基。N-末端pGlu修饰使蛋白质抵抗氨肽酶的N-末端降解,这很重要,因为MCP-1的趋化能力受其N-末端介导(Van Damme,J.,等,(1999)Chem Immunol 72,42-56)。人为的延长或降解导致功能丧失,但是MCP-1仍然结合至它的受体(CCR2)(Proost,P.,等,(1998),J Immunol 160,4034-4041;Zhang,Y.J.,等,1994,J Biol.Chem269,15918-15924;Masure,S.,等,1995,J Interferon Cytokine Res.15,955-963;Hemmerich,S.,等,(1999)Biochemistry 38,13013-13025)。
由于MCP-1在许多病况中的主要作用,需要抗MCP-1的策略。因此,抑制MCP-1作用的小的口服可用的化合物是药物开发的有希望的候选化合物。谷氨酰胺酰环化酶的抑制剂是小的口服可用的化合物,其靶向在MCP-1的N-末端的形成pGlu的重要步骤(Cynis,H.,等,(2006)Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1764,1618-1625;Buchholz,M.,等,(2006)J MedChem 49,664-677)。因此,由于QC-抑制,导致MCP-1的N-末端未被pGlu-残基保护。代替地,该N-末端具有谷氨酰胺-脯氨酸模体,其易被富含在内皮上和血液循环中的二肽基肽酶类例如二肽基肽酶IV和成纤维细胞活化蛋白(FAP,Seprase)切割。这种切割导致形成N-末端被截断的MCP-1。这些分子继而表现出对CCR2受体的拮抗作用,并因此有效地抑制单核细胞相关的病况。
动脉粥样硬化病变,其限制或阻塞冠状动脉血流,是缺血性心脏病相关的死亡的主要原因,导致年死亡数500000-600000。1996年,美国内有超过550000位患者,并且全世界有945000+位患者进行了动脉经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA),以打开阻塞的动脉(Lemaitre等,1996)。这项技术的主要局限是血管的PTCA后(PTCA后立即(急性闭塞)和长期的(再狭窄))闭合的问题:30%的患者具有次全损害和50%的患者具有慢性全部损害,这些患者在血管成形术后会发展成再狭窄。此外,对于进行隐静脉旁路移植术的患者,再狭窄是重大问题。急性闭塞的机制似乎涉及几个因素,并且可能由血管回缩引起,产生动脉闭合和/或血小板沿着新打开的血管的受损伤段沉积,随后形成血纤蛋白/红细胞血栓。
血管成形术后再狭窄是更为逐渐的过程,并且包括亚临界血栓形成的初步形成,导致粘附的血小板释放出细胞衍生的生长因子,随后内膜平滑肌细胞增殖,并且炎性细胞局部侵润导致血管增生。重要的是要注意,血栓形成、细胞增殖、细胞迁移和炎症中的许多过程各自似乎促进再狭窄过程。
在美国,30-50%再狭窄率说明120000-200000名美国患者处于再狭窄的危险中。如果仅80%的这样的患者选择重复血管成形术(剩余的20%的患者选择冠状动脉旁路移植术)并且这增加了剩余的20%的患者的冠状动脉旁路移植术的费用,那么在美国的再狭窄治疗的总费用会轻易地达到数十亿美元。因此,再狭窄的成功预防不仅可能产生显著的有益疗效,而且显著地节省卫生保健费用。
单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质1(MCP-1,CCL2)属于有效的趋化细胞因子(CC趋化因子)家族,其调节白细胞、特别是单核细胞、巨噬细胞和T-细胞至炎症部位的运输(Charo,I.F.和Taubman,M.B.(2004)Circ.Res.95,858-866)。除了它在例如血管病中的作用,令人信服的证据指明MCP-1在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中的作用(Xia,M.Q.和Hyman,B.T.(1999)J Neurovirol.5,32-41)。在患有AD的患者的脑内已观察到MCP-1存在于老年斑和反应性小胶质细胞中,以及CNS的定居巨噬细胞(Ishizuka,K.,等,(1997)PsychiatryClin.Neurosci.51,135-138)。用淀粉样-β蛋白(Aβ)刺激单核细胞和小胶质细胞诱导趋化因子的体外分泌(Meda,L.,等,(1996)J Immunol 157,1213-1218;Szczepanik,A.M.,等,(2001)J Neuroimmunol.113,49-62),脑室内输注Aβ(1-42)至鼠科动物的海马显著增加体内的MCP-1。而且,Aβ沉积吸引和活化小胶质细胞并且促使它们产生炎症介质如MCP-1,其继而产生反馈诱导进一步的趋化作用、活化和组织损伤。在Aβ沉积部位,活化的小胶质细胞也吞噬Aβ肽,导致活化被增强(Rogers,J.和Lue,L.F.(2001)Neurochem.Int.39,333-340)。
在针对AD的3xTg小鼠模型中趋化因子表达的检测表明,神经元的炎症先于空斑形成,并且MCP-1被因子11上调。而且,MCP-1的上调似乎与首次细胞内Aβ沉积物的出现有关(Janelsins,M.C.,等,(2005)JNeuroinflammation.2,23)。针对AD的Tg2575小鼠模型和过度表达MCP-1的小鼠模型的杂交繁殖已表明在Aβ沉积物周围的小胶质细胞聚积增加,并且与单转基因的Tg2576同窝出生小鼠相比,这种聚积伴有增量的弥散斑(Yamamoto,M.,等,(2005)Am.J Pathol.166,1475-1485)。
在AD患者和表现出轻度认知缺损(MCI)的患者的CSF中,MCP-1水平增加(Galimberti,D.,等,(2006)Arch.Neurol.63,538-543)。而且,在患有MCI和早期AD的患者的血清中表现出MCP-1水平增加(Clerici,F.,等,(2006)Neurobiol.Aging 27,1763-1768)。
发明概述
本发明涉及谷氨酰胺酰肽环转移酶的抑制剂,以及其用于治疗和/预防选自以下炎性疾病的疾病或病症的用途:
a.神经变性疾病,例如轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症,
b.慢性和急性炎症,例如类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎,
c.纤维化,例如肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化,
d.癌症,例如癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、胃癌,
e.代谢疾病,例如高血压,
f.和其它炎性疾病,例如神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症。
附图简述
图1表示将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的MCP-1(1-76)和重组人类DP4一起温育24h。为了使N-末端谷氨酰胺环化成焦谷氨酸,在测定开始前3h,将MCP-1和重组人类QC一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析DP4切割产物。
图2表示将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基的MCP-1(1-76)和人类滑膜成纤维细胞MMP-1一起温育24h。为了使N-末端谷氨酰胺环化成焦谷氨酸,在测定开始前3h,将MCP-1和重组人类QC一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析MMP-1切割产物。
图3表示将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)的MCP-1(1-76)和人类滑膜成纤维细胞MMP-1以及重组人类DP4一起温育24h。为了使N-末端谷氨酰胺环化成焦谷氨酸,在测定开始前3h,将MCP-1和重组人类QC一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的MMP-1切割产物。
图4表示从人类成神经细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y分离人类MCP-1。(M:DNA标准以bp计;1:分离自SH-SY5Y的全长人类MCP-1)
图5表示分离自SH-SY5Y的人类MCP-1(上列)和人类MCP-1基因库编号M24545(下列)的核苷酸(A)和氨基酸(B)比对。以粗体描述单核苷酸多态性。C:表示与载体转染的对照(pcDNA)相比,人类MCP-1(1-76)和缺少N-末端pGlu残基(ΔQ1)的突变型人类MCP-1在转染的HEK293细胞上清液中的浓度(WT)。(n.s.:无显著性,t-检验;n=6)D:THP-1单核细胞向转染的HEK293细胞在1∶1、1∶3、1∶10和1∶30的稀释液中产生的上清液的迁移。(*,P<0.05;**,P<0.01;***,P<0.001;t-检验,n=3)。
图6A:表示与载体转染的对照(pcDNA)相比,人类MCP-1(1-76)和缺少2个N-末端氨基酸的突变型人类MCP-1(ΔQ1P2)在转染的HEK293细胞上清液中的浓度(WT)。(**,P<0.01;t-检验;n=6)B:THP-1单核细胞向转染的HEK293细胞在1∶1、1∶3、1∶10和1∶30的稀释液中产生的上清液的迁移。(*,P<0.05;**,P<0.01;***,P<0.001;t-检验,n=3)。
图7A:表示与载体转染的对照(pcDNA)相比,在无和有10μM 1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐的条件下,人类MCP-1(1-76)在转染的HEK293细胞上清液中的浓度(WT)。(n.s.:无显著性;t-检验;n=6)B:在无和有10μM 1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐的条件下,THP-1单核细胞向转染的HEK293细胞在1∶1、1∶3、1∶10和1∶30的稀释液中产生的上清液的迁移。(**,P<0.01;t-检验,n=3)。
图8表示未处理的ApoE3 Leiden小鼠(黑条)和用1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的小鼠(空白条)的带有袖管的(cuffed)血管壁片段的血管重构的定量。安置袖管(cuff)后14天,处死小鼠。所表示的是血管周长(A),即所述血管片段外径内的总面积,和剩余的管腔(B),均以μm2计。
图9表示未处理的ApoE3 Leiden小鼠(黑条)和用1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的小鼠(空白条)的带有袖管的血管壁片段的血管重构的定量。安置袖管后14天,处死小鼠。所表示的是管腔狭窄A(以%计)和新内膜的面积B(以μm2计)。(*,P<0.05,t-检验)。
图10表示未处理的ApoE3 Leiden小鼠(黑条)或用1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的小鼠(空白条)的带袖管的血管壁片段的血管重构的定量。安置袖管后14天,处死小鼠。所表示的是中膜面积A(以μm2计)和内膜/中膜比B。(*,P<0.05,t-检验)。
图11表示在未经(黑条)或经(空白条)1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的条件下,每横切面的粘附细胞和侵润细胞。计数安置袖管两天后获得的带有袖管的股动脉横切面中的每横切面的粘附细胞总数。在粘附细胞的总群内,使用针对单核细胞/巨噬细胞的特异性染色来鉴别粘附的单核细胞和侵润的单核细胞。(*,P<0.05,t-检验)。
图12表示在未经处理的小鼠(对照)和经1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的小鼠中,在早期时间点(2天)和后期时间点(14天)时,通过损害的免疫组织化学进行的MCP-1染色的实例。
图13表示在未经(黑条)和经(空白条)1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的条件下,在中膜和新内膜内,2天后(早期时间点)A或14天后(后期时间点)B处死的小鼠的横切面的MCP-1染色的定量。(*,P<0.05;t-检验)。
图14表示在未经(黑条)和经(空白条)1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的条件下,在中膜和新内膜内,2天后(早期时间点)(A)或14天后(后期时间点)(B)处死的小鼠的横切面的MCP-1染色的相对量(%)。(*,P<0.05;t-检验)。
图15表示使用标记物AIA31240,根据单核细胞/巨噬细胞染色的定量,血管壁的急进性(accelerated)动脉粥样硬化的定量。所表示的是在未经(黑条)和经(空白条)1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐处理的条件下,在后期时间点(14天)处死的小鼠的横切面。泡沫细胞累积显示为(A)泡沫细胞阳性面积/横切面(以%计)和(B)泡沫细胞阳性面积/横切面(以μm2计)。
图16表明带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的人类MCP-1(1-76)被重组人类氨肽酶P切割24h。在测定前,通过将MCP-1和重组人类QC一起温育3h,来实现在N-末端形成焦谷氨酸。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析DP4切割产物。
图17表明带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的人类MCP-1(1-76)被重组人类DP4切割4h。在测定前,通过将MCP-1和重组人类QC一起温育3h,来实现在N-末端形成焦谷氨酸。此外,在10μM QC特异性抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐存在下,进行Gln1-MCP-1和重组人类QC的温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h和4h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析DP4切割产物。
图18表示带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基残基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的人类MCP-1(1-76)分别在人类血清中降解7h和24h。为了将N-末端谷氨酰胺残基环化成焦谷氨酸,在测定开始前,将MCP-1和重组人类QC一起温育3h。此外,在9.6μM DP4抑制剂异亮氨酰基噻唑烷(Isoleucyl-Thiazolidide)(P32/98)的存在下,在人类血清中将Gln1-MCP-1温育24h(C)。对于Gln1-MCP-1,在0min、10min、30min、1h、2h、3h、5h和7h后,对于pGlu1-MCP-1,在0min、30min、1h、2h、3h、5h、7h和24h后,以及对于Gln1-MCP-1与异亮氨酰基噻唑烷的组合,在0min、1h、2h、3h、5h、7h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱,分析切割产物。
图19表示带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的人类MCP-2(1-76)被重组人类DP4降解24h。为了将N-末端谷氨酰胺环化成焦谷氨酸,在测定开始前,将MCP-2和重组人类QC一起温育3h。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析DP4切割产物。
图20表示带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的人类MCP-3(1-76)被重组人类DP4降解24h。为了将N-末端谷氨酰胺环化成焦谷氨酸,测定开始前,将MCP-3和重组人类QC一起温育3h。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析DP4切割产物。
图21表明带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基(A)或焦谷氨酰基(5-氧代-L-脯氨酰基)残基(B)的人类MCP-4(1-75)被重组人类DP4切割4小时。为了将N-末端谷氨酰胺环化成焦谷氨酸,在测定开始前,将MCP-4和重组人类QC一起温育3h。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h和4h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析DP4切割产物。
图22表示起始于N-末端谷氨酰胺(Gln1-MCP-1)、焦谷氨酸(pGlu1-MCP-1)(5-氧代-L-脯氨酸)、起始于脯氨酸2(Pro2-MCP-1,氨肽酶P切割产物)、起始于天冬氨酸3(Asp3-MCP-1,DP4切割产物)和起始于异亮氨酸5(Ile5-MCP-1,MMP-1切割产物)的人类N-末端MCP-1变体对人类THP-1单核细胞的趋化能力。
图23表示与人类重组DP4一起温育的人类MCP-1,在存在(Gln1-MCP-1+QC+DP4)和缺少(Gln1-MCP-1+DP4)QC-介导的pGlu形成的条件下的趋化能力分析。此外,表明了QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐(QCI)(10μM)对N-末端pGlu残基的形成的影响,以及随后的DP4裂解(Gln1-MCP-1+QC+QCI+DP4)。
图24表明在缺少或存在N-末端焦谷氨酰基残基的条件下,人类MCP-1(A)、MCP-2(B)、MCP-3(C)和MCP-4(D)的趋化能力。
图25表明起始于N-末端谷氨酰胺的全长人类MCP-1(A)、MCP-3(B)、MCP-2(C)和MCP-4(D)与它们各自的DP4切割产物相比的趋化能力。
图26表明在大鼠的LPS诱导的败血症模型中,在施用QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐后,TNFα-水平的显著性降低(ANOVA,P<0.05)。
图27表明在小鼠的巯基乙酸盐诱导的腹膜炎模型中,由QC抑制剂引起的单核细胞向腹膜侵润的剂量依赖性降低。巯基乙酸盐和QCI(1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐)以三种不同浓度25mg/kg、50mg/kg和100mg/kg注射。诱导腹膜炎后4h,使用FACS分析法来归类侵润腹膜的细胞。(*,P<0.05,t-检验)。
图28表明在接受巯基乙酸盐负荷和QC特异性抑制剂QCI(1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲)的组合的小鼠的腹腔灌洗液中,与未接受QCI的动物相比,Moma2-阳性细胞的减少。(*,P<0.05,t-检验)。
发明详述
具体地本发明涉及以下项目:
1.用于治疗和/或预防选自以下的炎性疾病或病症的QC抑制剂:
a.神经变性疾病,包括轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆和多发性硬化症,
b.慢性和急性炎症,包括类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎,
c.纤维化,包括肺纤维化、肝纤维化和肾纤维化,
d.癌症,包括癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖和胃癌,
e.代谢疾病,包括高血压,
f.和其它炎性疾病,包括神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症。
2.项目1的QC抑制剂,其中所述神经变性疾病选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症。
3.项目1或2的QC抑制剂,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损。
4.项目1-3中任一项的QC抑制剂,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
5.项目1的QC抑制剂,其中所述疾病是选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎的慢性或急性炎症。
6.项目1或5的QC抑制剂,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
7.项目1、5或6的QC抑制剂,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
8.QC抑制剂用于治疗和/或预防选自以下的炎性疾病或病症的用途:
a.神经变性疾病,包括轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症,
b.慢性和急性炎症,包括类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎,
c.纤维化,包括肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化,
d.癌症,包括癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、胃癌,
e.代谢疾病,包括高血压,
f.和其它炎性疾病,包括神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症。
9.项目8的用途,其中所述疾病是选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症的神经变性疾病。
10.项目8或9的用途,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
11.项目8-10中任一项的用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
12.项目8的用途,其中所述疾病是选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎的慢性或急性炎症。
13.项目8或12的用途,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
14.项目8、12或13的用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
15.QC抑制剂用于制备用于治疗和/或预防选在以下的炎性疾病或病症的药物中的用途:
a.神经变性疾病,包括轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症,
b.慢性和急性炎症,包括类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎,
c.纤维化,包括肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化,
d.癌症,包括癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、胃癌,
e.代谢疾病,包括高血压,
f.和其它炎性疾病,包括神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症。
16.项目15的用途,其中所述疾病是选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症的神经变性疾病。
17.项目15或16的用途,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
18.项目15-17中任一项的用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
19.项目15的用途,其中所述疾病是选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎的慢性或急性炎症。
20.项目15或19的用途,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
21.项目15、19或20中任一项的用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
22.治疗和/或预防选自以下的炎性疾病或病症的方法:
a.神经变性疾病,包括轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症,
b.慢性和急性炎症,包括类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎,
c.纤维化,包括肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化,
d.癌症,包括癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、胃癌,
e.代谢疾病,包括高血压,
f.和其它炎性疾病,包括神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症,
其中将有效量的QC抑制剂给药于有此需要的个体。
23.项目22的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症的神经变性疾病。
24.项目23或24的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
25.项目23-25中任一项的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
26.项目23的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎的慢性或急性炎症。
27.项目23或26的治疗和/预防的方法,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
28.项目23、26或27的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
29.项目7-21中任一项的用途,其中所述疾病和/或病症困扰人类。
30.项目22-28中任一项的方法,其中所述疾病和/或病症困扰人类。
31.前述项目中任一项的用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自式1、1*、1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f、1g、1h和1i的抑制剂。
32.项目1-31中任一项的用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自实施例1-141的抑制剂。
33.项目1-32中任一项的用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
34.诊断测定,其包括QC抑制剂。
35.项目34的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自式1、1*、1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f、1g、1h和1i的抑制剂。
36.项目34或35的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自实施例1-141的抑制剂。
37.项目34-36中任一项的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
38.诊断如项目1中所定义的任一种疾病和/或病症的方法,其包括以下步骤
-从怀疑患有所述疾病和/或病症的个体采集样品,
-使所述样品与QC抑制剂接触,和
-确定所述个体是否患有所述疾病和/或病症。
39.项目38所述的方法,其中所述个体是人类。
40.项目38或39的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自式1、1*、1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f、1g、1h和1i的抑制剂。
41.项目38-40中任一项的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自实施例1-141的抑制剂。
42.项目38-41中任一项的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
43.项目38-42中任一项的方法,其中所述样品是血液样品、血清样品、脑脊液样品或尿液样品。
44.用于实施项目38-42的方法的诊断试剂盒,其包括作为检测装置的项目34或37中任一项的诊断测定和测定装置。
45.药物组合物,其包含项目1-7或31-33中任一项的QC抑制剂。
在特别优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及QC抑制剂在治疗选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎、特别是再狭窄和胰腺炎、最优选再狭窄的慢性或急性炎症的方法中的用途。
QC抑制剂用于治疗选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎的慢性或急性炎症的效力,可以使用本发明的实施例3、7和8中所述的体内测定来测试。
根据本发明更加优选的是QC抑制剂在治疗轻度认知缺损(MCI)的方法中的用途。
因此,本发明更优选涉及以下项目:
1.QC抑制剂,其用于治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症。
2.QC抑制剂用于治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症的用途。
3.QC抑制剂用于制备用于治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症的药物的用途。
4.项目1-3中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
5.项目1-4中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
6.项目1-3中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
7.项目1-3或6中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述疾病是再狭窄。
8.1-3、6或7中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
9.治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症的方法,其中将有效量的QC抑制剂给药于有此需要的个体。
10.项目9的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
11.项目9或10的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
12.项目9的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是选自类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄和胰腺炎的慢性或急性炎症。
13.项目9或12的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
14.项目9、12或13中任一项的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是再狭窄。
15.项目9或12-14中任一项的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
16.项目2-8中任一项的用途,其中所述疾病和/或病症困扰人类。
17.项目9-15中任一项的方法,其中所述疾病和/或病症困扰人类。
18.项目1-17中任一项的QC抑制剂、用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自式1、1*、1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f、1g、1h和1i的抑制剂。
19.项目1-18中任一项的QC抑制剂、用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自实施例1-141的抑制剂。
20.项目1-19中任一项的QC抑制剂、用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
21.诊断测定,其包括QC抑制剂。
22.项目21的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自式1、1*、1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f、1g、1h和1i的抑制剂。
23.项目21或22的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自实施例1-141的抑制剂。
24.项目21-23中任一项的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
25.诊断如项目1中所定义的任一种疾病和/或病症的方法,其包括以下步骤
-从怀疑患有所述疾病和/或病症的个体采集样品,
-使所述样品与谷氨酰胺酰肽环转移酶抑制剂接触,和
-确定所述个体是否患有所述疾病和/或病症。
26.项目26的方法,其中所述个体是人类。
27.项目26或27的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自式1、1*、1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f、1g、1h和1i的抑制剂。
28.项目25-27中任一项的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是选自实施例1-141的抑制剂。
29.项目25-28中任一项的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
30.项目25-29中任一项的方法,其中所述样品是血液样品、血清样品、脑脊液样品或尿液样品。
31.用于实施项目25-30的方法的诊断试剂盒,其包含作为检测装置的项目21-24中任一项的诊断测定和测定装置。
32.药物组合物,其包含项目1、4-6或18-20中任一项的QC抑制剂。
定义
酶抑制剂,特别是QC抑制剂
可逆性酶抑制剂:包括竞争性抑制剂、非竞争性可逆抑制剂、缓慢结合型或紧密结合型抑制剂、过渡态类似物和多底物类似物。
竞争性抑制剂表现出
i)与酶的非共价相互作用,
ii)与底物竞争酶的活性部位。
可逆性酶抑制剂作用的主要机理和解离常数的定义可以如下直观地表示:
酶-抑制剂[E-I]复合物的形成阻止底物的结合,因此反应不能产生正常的生理学产物P。越高的抑制剂浓度[I],产生越高的[E-I],使得底物可结合的游离酶越少。
非竞争性可逆抑制剂
i)结合至活性部位之外的部位(活性中心外的结合部位)
ii)在酶内引起降低或阻止催化活性的构象变化
缓慢结合型或紧密结合型抑制剂
i)是竞争性抑制剂,其中缓慢地达到抑制剂和酶之间的平衡,
ii)(kon缓慢),可能是由于一定会在酶或者抑制剂内发生的构象变化
a)通常是过渡态类似物
b)在近似于酶浓度的浓度下有效(亚纳摩尔(subnanomolar)KD值)
c)由于koff值如此低,所以这些类型的抑制剂“几乎”是不可逆的。
过渡态类似物
是模拟酶催化反应的过渡状态的竞争性抑制剂。因为过渡态的能量降低而发生酶催化,因此,过渡态结合比底物结合更有利。
多底物类似物
对于涉及两种或多种底物的反应,可以设计包含类似于两种或多种所述底物的结构特征的竞争性抑制剂或者过渡态类似物。
不可逆性酶抑制剂:用共价键(~100kcal/摩尔)促使未结合的酶和抑制剂与酶抑制剂复合物(E+I<--->E-I)之间的平衡完全向E-I侧移动,使抑制作用不可逆。
亲和标记剂
活性部位导向的不可逆抑制剂(竞争性不可逆抑制剂)被酶识别(可逆的特异性结合),随后形成共价键,并且
i)其结构上近似于底物、过渡状态或产物,这允许药物和目标酶特异性地相互作用,
ii)其包含反应性的官能团(例如,亲核体,-COCH2Br),这允许形成共价键。
以下反应路线描述了活性部位导向的试剂和它的目标酶,其中KD是解离常数,k相互作用表示形成共价键的速度。
基于机理的酶灭活剂(也称为自杀性抑制剂)是活性部位导向的试剂(非活性的),其结合至酶的活性部位,在那里它们被所述酶的催化能力转化为活性形式(被激活)。一旦激活,在所述抑制剂和所述酶之间的共价键就形成了。
以下反应路线表明了基于机理的酶灭活剂的作用机理,其中KD是解离复合物,k2是抑制剂一旦结合至酶后的激活速度,k3是被激活的抑制剂P从所述酶解离的速度(产物可以仍然有活性),k4是所述被激活的抑制剂和所述酶之间形成共价键的速度。
灭活(共价键形成,k4)必须发生在解离(k3)之前,否则此刻有活性的抑制剂就被释放到环境中。分配率k3/k4:为了有效地灭活该体系和最低限度地减少不良反应,应该使被释放的产物和灭活的比率降至最低。
分配率大(有利于解离)导致非特异性反应。
非竞争性酶抑制剂:可以假定以下平衡方程作为非竞争性抑制剂(仅结合至ES复合物的抑制剂)的定义:
ES复合物解离出底物,解离常数等于Ks,而ESI复合物不解离出底物(即具有等于零的Ks值)。米-曼型酶的Km估计会降低。增加底物浓度致使ESI浓度增加(不能形成反应产物的复合物),因此不能消除抑制。
根据本发明,优选的是竞争性酶抑制剂。
最优选的是竞争性可逆性酶抑制剂。
术语“Ki”或“KI”和“KD”是结合常数,其表述抑制剂和酶的结合以及随后从酶的释放。另一个量度是“IC50”值,其反映在给定的底物浓度下产生50%酶活性的抑制剂浓度。
QC
如本文中使用的,术语“QC”包括谷氨酰胺酰环化酶(QC)和QC样酶。QC和QC样酶具有相同或相似的酶活性,进一步定义为QC活性。在此方面,QC样酶在它们的分子结构上可以根本不同于QC。
如本文中使用的,术语“QC活性”被定义为在释放出氨的情况下,将N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基残基分子内环化成焦谷氨酸(pGlu*)或者将N-末端L-高谷氨酰胺酰基(homoglutaminyl)或L-β-高谷氨酰胺酰基分子内环化成环状的焦高谷氨酰胺衍生物。关于此方面,参见路线1和2。
路线1:谷氨酰胺被QC环化
路线2:L-高谷氨酰胺(L-homoglutamine)被QC环化
如本文中使用的,术语“EC”包括QC和QC样酶作为谷氨酸环化酶(EC)的副活性(side activity),进一步地定义为EC活性。
如本文中使用的,术语“EC活性”被定义为N-末端谷氨酰基残基被QC分子内环化成焦谷氨酸(pGlu*)。关于此方面参见路线3。
路线3:无电荷的谷氨酰基肽被QC(EC)N-末端环化
术语“QC抑制剂”“谷氨酰胺酰环化酶抑制剂”通常为本领域技术人员所知,其意指如上文中一般地定义的酶抑制剂,其抑制谷氨酰胺酰环化酶(QC)的催化活性或它的谷氨酰环化酶(EC)活性。
QC抑制能力
鉴于和QC抑制的相关性,在优选的实施方案中,主题方法和医学用途使用具有10μM或更小、更优选1μM或更小、甚至更优选0.1μM或更小、或者0.01μM或更小、或者最优选0.001μM或更小的QC抑制Ki的药剂。实际上,预期具有较低的微摩尔、优选纳摩尔并且甚至更优选皮摩尔范围的Ki值的抑制剂。因此,当为了方便在本文中将活性药剂描述为“QC抑制剂”时,应理解这样的命名并不意图以任何方式限制本发明的主题。
QC抑制剂的分子量
一般而言,主题方法或医学用途的QC抑制剂是小分子,例如具有分子量1000g/摩尔或更小、500g/摩尔或更小、优选400g/摩尔或更小、甚至更优选350g/摩尔或更小、甚至300g/摩尔或更小的分子量。
如本文中使用的,术语“个体”意指动物,优选哺乳动物,最优选人类,其已作为治疗、观察或试验的对象,和/或其被怀疑患有如在所述项目中所定义的疾病和/或病症。
如本文中使用的,术语“治疗有效量”意指在研究者、兽医、医生或其它临床医生所调查的组织系统、动物或人类中发挥出生物或医学反应的活性化合物或药剂的量,所述反应包括被治疗的疾病或病症的症状的减轻。
如本文中使用的,术语“药学可接受”包括人类用和兽医学用:例如,术语“药学可接受”包括兽医学可接受的化合物或在人类医学和卫生保健中可接受的化合物。
药学可接受的盐:
鉴于游离化合物和所述化合物的盐或溶剂合物形式之间的紧密联系,无论何时,在本文中分别提及化合物或抑制剂时,也意指相应的盐或溶剂合物,条件是在这种情况下这样是可能的或者合适的。
适合用于药物的本发明的抑制剂的盐和溶剂合物及其生理学上的官能团衍生物是其中的反荷离子或结合的溶剂是药学可接受的那些。但是,含有非药学可接受的反荷离子或结合的溶剂的盐和溶剂合物在本发明的范围内,例如,作为中间体用于制备其它化合物和它们的药学可接受的盐和溶剂合物。
本发明的适合的盐包括与有机和无机酸或碱形成的那些盐。药学可接受的酸加成盐包括与以下的酸形成的那些盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、磷酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三苯基乙酸、氨基磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸、琥珀酸、草酸、富马酸、马来酸、苹果酸、苦杏仁酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、草酰乙酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、芳基磺酸(例如对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘磺酸或萘二磺酸)、水杨酸、戊二酸、葡糖酸、丙三羧酸、肉桂酸、被取代的肉桂酸(例如被苯基、甲基、甲氧基或卤素取代的肉桂酸,包括4-甲基肉桂酸和4-甲氧基肉桂酸)、抗坏血酸、油酸、萘甲酸、羟基萘甲酸(例如1-或3-羟基-2-萘甲酸)、萘丙烯酸(例如萘-2-丙烯酸)、苯甲酸、4-甲氧基苯甲酸、2-或4-羟基苯甲酸、4-氯苯甲酸、4-苯基苯甲酸、苯丙烯酸(例如1,4-苯二丙烯酸)、羟乙磺酸、高氯酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、羟基乙磺酸、扑酸、环己烷氨基磺酸、水杨酸、糖精酸和三氟乙酸。药学可接受的碱盐包括铵盐、碱金属盐例如钠和钾的那些盐、碱土金属盐例如钙和镁的那些盐,以及与有机碱如二环己基胺和N-甲基-D-谷氨酰胺形成的盐。
在本发明的范围意在包括本发明的抑制剂的所有药学可接受酸加成盐形式。
溶剂合物的实例包括水合物。
多晶型:
而且,抑制剂的某些晶体形式可以多晶型存在,并且意图将诸如此类包括在本发明内。另外,某些化合物可以与水(即水合物)或常见有机溶剂形成溶剂合物,并且也意图将这样的溶剂合物包括在本发明的范围内。所述抑制剂,包括它们的盐,也可以它们的水合物形式获得,或者包括用于使它们结晶的其它溶剂。
前药:
本发明在其范围内进一步包括本发明抑制剂的前药。概括而言,这样的前药是所述抑制剂的官能团衍生物,其在体内可容易地转化为期望的治疗活性抑制剂。因此,在这些情况下,本发明的治疗方法、术语“给药”应包括使用一种或多种所列出的抑制剂的前药形式治疗所述的各种病症,但是在向个体给药后,所述前药形式在体内转化为上述抑制剂。例如在″Design of Prodrug″,ed.H.Bundgaard,Elsevier,1985和专利申请DE19828113、DE 19828114、WO 99/67228和WO 99/67279中,描述了用于选择和制备适当的前药衍生物的常规方法,这些文献以其全部通过引用结合于此。
保护基:
在用于制备本发明的抑制剂的任何方法中,可能需要和/或希望保护任何有关分子上的敏感或易反应的基团。这可以通过常规的保护基实现,例如在Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,ed.J.F.W.McOmie,PlenumPress,1973;和T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,John Wiley & Sons,1991中描述的那些保护基,这些文献以其全部通过引用结合于此。使用本领域已知的方法,在方便的后续步骤中可以除去保护基。
如本文中使用的,术语“组合物”意图包括含有治疗有效量的所列出的化合物的产物,以及由所列出的化合物的组合直接或间接得到的任何产物。
用于盖仑制剂的载体和添加剂:
对于液体口服制剂,例如混悬剂、酏剂和溶液剂,适合的载体和添加剂可以有利地包括水、二醇、油、醇、调味剂、防腐剂、着色剂等;对于固体口服制剂,例如散剂、胶囊剂、软胶囊和片剂,适合的载体和添加剂包括淀粉、糖、稀释剂、粒化剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。
可以添加入混合物中的载体包括必需且惰性的药用赋形剂,包括但不局限于适合的粘合剂、悬浮剂、润滑剂、食用香料、甜味剂、防腐剂、包衣剂、崩解剂、染料和着色剂。
作为靶向药物载体的可溶性聚合物可以包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺苯酚(polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol)、聚羟乙基天冬酰胺苯酚(polyhydroxyethylaspartamidephenol)、或被棕榈酰基残基取代的聚氧化乙烯聚左旋赖氨酸。此外,本发明的抑制剂可以偶联至用于实现药物的控释/缓释的可生物降解的聚合物类型,例如聚乳酸、聚-ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯(polyorthoesters)、聚缩醛、聚二氢吡喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和水凝胶的交联或两性嵌段共聚物。
适合的粘合剂非限制性地包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖如葡萄糖或β-乳糖、玉米甜味剂、天然和合成的树胶例如阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶或油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。
崩解剂非限制性地包括淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。
QC抑制剂的实例
在WO 2005/075436中,公开了适用于本发明的用途和方法的QC抑制剂,该申请有关QC抑制剂的结构、合成和使用方法的方面以其全部通过引用结合于此。
本发明提供了式1的新型QC(EC)抑制剂,
其中:
A或是:
烷基链、烯基链或炔基链;
或者A是选自下列的基团:
其中:
R6、R7、R8、R9和R10独立地为H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基或杂环;
n和n1独立地为1-5;
m是1-5;
o是0-4;
并且B是选自(VI)-(XIV)的基团:
其中:
D和E独立地表示烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、-烷基芳基、杂芳基、-烷基杂芳基、酰基或杂环;
X表示CR20R21、O、S、NR19,对于式(VIII)和(IX),条件是,如果Z=CH,则X是O或S;
R19选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、羟基、NO2、NH2、CN;
R20和R21独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、杂环、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、NO2、NH2、CN、CF3;
X1、X2和X3独立地为O或S,条件是X2和X3不都是O;
Y是O或S,条件是当由R17和R18形成的碳环在环中具有3个成员时,Y不可以是O;
Z是CH或N;
R11、R12、R13和R14可以独立地选自H、烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂环、卤素、烷氧基-、-硫烷基、羧基、羧酸酯、羰基、脲、碳酰亚胺、硫脲或硫代羰基、NH2、NO2;
R15和R16彼此独立地为H或者支链或直链的烷基链、或者支链或直链的烯基链;
R17和R18独立地选自H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂烷基,或者它们可以被连接以形成具有至多6个环原子的碳环;
n是0或1;
一个条件是,以下化合物从式1中排除:
当A选自烷基链、烯基链或者炔基链,优选A是C1-C7烷基链、C1-C7烯基链或C1-C7炔基链。在本发明的一个实施方案中,A是直链C2-5烷基链,特别是直链C3-4烷基链,尤其是直链C3烷基链。在本发明的第二个实施方案中,A表示在2-位上被一个(即S或R构型)或两个甲基基团取代的C3烷基链。
当A选自式(I)至(V)时,优选A选自基团(I)至(IV)。在本发明的一个实施方案中,A表示式(IV)的基团,其中n1各自等于1并且m=1-4,特别是m=1。在本发明的第二个实施方案中,A表示式(I)、(II)或(III)的基团,其中:n和n1各自等于1并且R6、R7、R8、R9和R10表示H。
优选R6、R7、R8、R9和R10表示H或甲基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基团B选自(VI)、(VIa)、(VIb)、(VII)、(X)、(XI)、(XII)、(XIII)和(XIV)。在本发明的第二个实施方案中,基团B表示式(VI)。在本发明的第三个实施方案中,基团B表示式(VIa)。在本发明的第四个实施方案中,基团B表示式(VIb)。在本发明的第五个实施方案中,基团B表示式(VII)。在本发明的第六个实施方案中,基团B表示式(X)。在本发明的第七个实施方案中,基团B表示式(XI)。在本发明的第八个实施方案中,基团B表示式(XII)。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,基团B表示式(XIII)。在本发明的又一个实施方案中,基团B表示式(XIV)。在本发明的优选实施方案中,B表示式(VI)或(VII)的基团。
当B表示基团(IX)时,适当地A不表示炔基。
优选D和E独立地表示苄基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,D和E表示芳基,特别是苯基或萘基,尤其是被取代的苯基。当D表示苯基时,优选的取代基基团包括烷氧基-、-硫烷基、卤素、或者羧酸烷基酯或芳基酯。也优选氟、氯、溴、碘、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基、氰基、乙酰基、二甲氨基、甲硫基(methylsulphanyl)、硝基、噁唑基、吡唑基、异丙基、乙基和甲氧羰基。当苯基基团是单取代时,优选是在4-位上取代。D和E可以表示的其它适合的芳基基团包括二氢苯并二噁英、苯并间二氧杂环戊烯、苯并二硫杂环戊二烯、二氢苯并二噻因(dihydrobenzodithiine)、苯并氧硫杂环戊烯(benzooxathiole)和二氢苯并氧硫杂环己二烯。D或E可以表示的特别优选的基团是3,4-(二甲氧基)苯基,
优选R20和R21表示NO2、CN、CF3,或者,如果R20是H,则R21是NO2、CN、CF3,或者,如果R21是H,则R20是NO2、CN、CF3。
在一个实施方案中,X或Y是S、O或NR1。优选X或Y是S。
优选Z表示N。
在优选实施方案中,R11和R14是H。
在进一步优选实施方案中,R12和R13独立地选自氧基烷基或硫烷基、卤素、或者羧酸烷基酯或者苯基。
在优选实施方案中,R15和R16中至少一个是H,更优选R15和R16二者都是H。
在优选实施方案中,R17和R18之一是H且另一个是Me。也优选其中R17和R18之一是H且另一个是苯基的化合物。另外优选其中R17和R18形成在环原子中具有至多6个成员的碳环的化合物。
优选的化合物包括由以下实施例13、119和125定义的那些化合物。
本发明提供了用作药物的式1的化合物。在关于式1的化合物作为药物的用途的一个实施方案中,化合物:
从式1中排除。
在Ganellin等,(1995)J Med Chem 38(17)3342-3350中,以上条件的化合物(a)被公开为化合物7。该文献公开了所述化合物为弱的组胺H3受体抑制剂。
在Venkatachalam等,(2001)Bioorganic Med Chem Lett 11,523-528中,条件(b)的化合物被公开为化合物7。该文献公开了所述化合物为HIV1逆转录酶抑制剂。
在Moon等,(1991)J Med Chem 34,2314-2327中,条件(c)的化合物被公开为化合物19b。该文献公开了所述化合物为在阿尔茨海默病的治疗中具有潜在用途的胆碱能激动剂。
在Wright等,(1986)J Med Chem 29,523-530中,条件(d)的化合物被公开为化合物99、100和102-103。该文献公开了所述化合物为血栓素合成酶抑制剂。
如果不是因为条件“条件是X2和X3不都为O”而本应被式1包括的某些化合物在Wright等,(1987)J Med Chem 30,2277-2283中公开为血栓素合成酶抑制剂。
如果不是因为条件“当由R17和R18形成的碳环在环中具有3个成员时,Y不可以是O”而本应被式1包括的某些化合物在EP 0117462 A2中公开为血栓素合成酶抑制剂。
特别是:
以下所示的式1*的适当化合物是QC的抑制剂:
在其它实施方案中,QC(EC)的抑制剂是式1a的那些化合物,
其中R在实施例1-53中定义。
实施例 | R | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | IC50(μM) | Ki(μM) |
实施例 | R | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | IC50(μM) | Ki(μM) |
1 | 甲基 | 199.3 | 4.3 | 13 | |
2 | 叔丁基 | 241.4 | 60.7 | 14.7 | |
3 | 苄基 | 275.4 | 60.9 | 5.67 | |
4 | 苯基 | 261.4 | 42.3 | 4.4 | |
5 | 4-(氟)苯基 | 279.35 | 42.0 | 4.73 | |
6 | 4-(氯)苯基 | 295.80 | 1.2 | ||
7 | 4-(乙基)苯基 | 289.41 | 28.7 | 2.78 | |
8 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 | 329.4 | 38.5 | 3.93 | |
9 | 4-(甲氧羰基)苯基 | 319.4 | 1.19 | ||
10 | 4-(乙酰基)苯基 | 303.4 | 17.0 | 1.70 | |
11 | 4-(甲氧基)苯基 | 291.4 | 9.7 | 0.70 | |
12 | 双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基 | 277.5 | 16.0 | ||
13 | 3,4-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 321.5 | 0.7 | 0.22 | 0.06 |
14 | 2,4-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 321.5 | 2.2 | 0.57 | |
15 | 3,5-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 321.5 | 2.86 | 0.75 | |
16 | 2-(甲氧羰基)苯基 | 319.4 | |||
17 | 4-(噁唑-5-基)苯基 | 328.5 | 3.64 | 0.86 | |
18 | 4-(吡唑-1-基)苯基 | 327.4 | |||
19 | 4-(异丙基)苯基 | 303.5 | 8.7 | ||
20 | 4-(哌啶-1-磺酰基)苯基 | 408.6 | 8.5 | 2.27 | |
21 | 4-(吗啉-4-基)苯基 | 346.5 | 9.0 | ||
22 | 4-(氰基)苯基 | 286.4 | 9.0 | 2.89 | |
23 | 2,3-二氢苯并[1,4]二噁英-6-基 | 319.4 | 4.17 | 1.12 | |
24 | 苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基 | 305.4 | 16.7 | 5.66 |
实施例 | R | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | IC50(μM) | Ki(μM) |
25 | 3,4,5(三甲氧基)苯基 | 351.5 | 1.7 | 0.34 | |
26 | 3-(甲氧基)苯基 | 291.4 | 6.8 | 1.86 | |
27 | 4-(乙氧基)苯基 | 305.5 | 7.2 | 0.89 | |
28 | 4-(苄氧基)苯基 | 367.5 | 0.98 | ||
29 | 4-(甲氧基)苄基 | 305.5 | 3.93 | ||
30 | 3,4-(二甲氧基)苄基 | 335.5 | 1.55 | ||
31 | 2-(甲氧羰基)噻吩-3-基 | 325.5 | |||
32 | 3-(乙氧羰基)-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[b]噻吩-2-基 | 392.6 | |||
33 | 2-(甲氧羰基)-4-(甲基)噻吩-3-基 | 339.5 | |||
34 | 苯并[c][1,2,5]噻唑-4-基 | 319.5 | |||
35 | 苯并[c][1,2,5]噻唑-5-基 | 319.5 | 4.4 | 1.37 | |
36 | 5-(甲基)-3-(苯基)异噁唑-4-基 | 342.5 | |||
37 | 3,5-(二甲基)异噁唑-4-基 | 280.4 | |||
38 | 4-(碘)苯基 | 387.3 | 23.5 | 2.12 | |
39 | 4-(溴)苯基 | 340.3 | 2.52 | ||
40 | 4-(甲基)苯基 | 275.4 | 31.3 | 2.14 | |
41 | 萘-1-基 | 311.5 | 26.7 | 2.79 | |
42 | 4-(硝基)苯基 | 306.4 | 31.1 | 2.68 | |
43 | 丁基 | 241.4 | 53.8 | 14.0 | |
44 | 环辛基 | 295.5 | 33.1 | 9.1 | |
45 | 呋喃-2-基甲基 | 265.4 | 61.4 | 10.0 | |
46 | 四氢呋喃-2-基甲基 | 269.4 | 46.0 | 12.8 |
实施例 | R | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | IC50(μM) | Ki(μM) |
47 | 苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基甲基 | 319.4 | 42.7 | 6.1 | |
48 | 2-(吗啉-4-基)乙基 | 298.5 | 55.0 | 13.3 | |
49 | 4-(甲硫基)苯基 | 307.5 | 19.1 | 1.66 | |
50 | 4-(二甲氨基)苯基 | 304.5 | 2.03 | ||
51 | 4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基 | 345.4 | 14.2 | ||
52 | 苯甲酰基 | 288.3 | |||
53 | 吡啶-4-基 | 261.1 |
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1b的那些化合物,
其中R1和R2在实施例54至95中定义。
实施例 | R1 | R2 | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | Ki(μM) |
54 | 氰基 | 甲基 | 207.3 | 1.5 | |
55 | 氰基 | 3,4-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 329.4 | 1.36 | |
56 | 氰基 | 2,4-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 329.4 | ||
57 | 氰基 | 3,5-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 329.4 | 0.91 | |
58 | 氰基 | 2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二噁英-7-基 | 327.4 | 0.64 | |
59 | 氰基 | 苯并[d][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-6-基 | 313.4 | 0.73 | |
60 | 氰基 | 3,4,5-(三甲氧基)苯基 | 359.4 | 0.88 |
实施例 | R1 | R2 | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | Ki(μM) |
61 | 氰基 | 3-(甲氧基)苯基 | 299.4 | ||
62 | 氰基 | 4-(乙氧基)苯基 | 313.4 | ||
63 | 氰基 | 4-(苄氧基)苯基 | 375.5 | ||
64 | 氰基 | 苯基 | 269.4 | 1.02 | |
65 | 氰基 | 4-(甲氧基)苯基 | 299.4 | 0.70 | |
66 | 氰基 | 4-(乙酰基)苯基 | 311.4 | ||
67 | 氰基 | 4-(硝基)苯基 | 314.4 | ||
68 | 氰基 | 苄基 | 283.4 | 22.5 | 8.17 |
69 | 氰基 | 萘-1-基 | 319.4 | ||
70 | 氰基 | 4-(氟)苯基 | 387.3 | ||
71 | 氰基 | 4-(碘)苯基 | 395.3 | ||
72 | 氰基 | 4-(溴)苯基 | 348.3 | ||
73 | 氰基 | 环辛基 | 289.4 | ||
74 | 氰基 | 叔丁基 | 249.3 | ||
75 | 氰基 | 4-(甲基)苯基 | 283.3 | 1.34 | |
76 | 氰基 | 4-(甲硫基)苯基 | 315.5 | ||
77 | 氰基 | 4-(乙基)苯基 | 297.4 | ||
78 | 氰基 | 4-(二甲氨基)苯基 | 312.4 | ||
79 | 氰基 | 丁基 | 249.4 | ||
80 | 氰基 | 三苯甲基 | 435.6 | ||
81 | 氰基 | (苯并[d][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-6-基)甲基 | 327.4 | 1.53 | |
82 | 氰基 | (四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基 | 277.4 | ||
83 | 氰基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 | 334.4 | ||
84 | 氰基 | (呋喃-2-基)甲基 | 273.4 | ||
85 | 氰基 | 2-(吗啉-4-基)乙基 | 306.4 | ||
86 | 氰基 | 4-(噁唑-5-基)苯基 | 336.4 |
实施例 | R1 | R2 | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | Ki(μM) |
87 | 氰基 | 吡啶-3-基 | 270.4 | ||
88 | 氰基 | 4-(氰基)苯基 | 294.4 | ||
89 | 氰基 | 4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基 | 353.4 | ||
90 | 氰基 | 4-(哌啶子基磺酰基)苯基 | 416.6 | ||
91 | 氰基 | 4-(1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基 | 335.4 | ||
92 | H | 3,4-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 304.4 | 204.5 | |
93 | 甲基 | 3,4-(二甲氧基)苯基 | 318.4 | 3.62 | |
94 | 氰基 | 2,3,4-(三甲氧基)苯基 | 358.1 | ||
95 | 氰基 | 环庚基 | 288.2 |
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1c的那些化合物,
其中R3在实施例96至102中定义。
实施例 | R3 | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | IC50(μM) | Ki(μM) |
96 | 乙基 | 197.3 | 19.2 | ||
97 | 6-氟-4H-苯并[d][1,3]二噁英-8-基 | 321.4 | 19.0 | 12.0 | |
98 | 3-(环戊基氧基)-4-(甲氧基)苯基 | 359.4 | 2.87 | 0.62 | |
99 | 4-(庚基氧基)苯基 | 359.5 | 5.6 | 9.9 |
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1d的那些化合物,
其中在环上的位置在实施例103至105中定义。
实施例 | 苄基取代的位置 | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | Ki(μM) |
103 | 2 | 383.5 | 16.27 | 4.84 |
104 | 3 | 383.5 | 3.52 | |
105 | 4 | 383.5 | 1.86 |
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1e的那些化合物,
其中R4和R5在实施例106至109中定义。
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1f的那些化合物,
其中R6在实施例110至112中定义。
实施例 | R6 | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | IC50(μM) | Ki(μM) |
110 | H | 259.4 | 3.00 | ||
111 | 氯 | 293.8 | 3.35 | ||
112 | 甲氧基 | 289.4 | 1.57 |
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1g的那些化合物,
其中R7、R8和R9在实施例113至132中定义。
QC(EC)的其它适合的抑制剂是式1h的那些化合物,
其中n在实施例133至135中定义。
实施例 | N | ESI-MS(M+H) | Ki(μM) |
133 | 3 | 306.4 | |
134 | 4 | 320.5 | 0.99 |
135 | 5 | 334.5 |
QC(EC)的其它的适合的抑制剂是式1i的那些化合物,
其中m在实施例136和137中定义。
实施例 | m | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | Ki(μM) |
136 | 2 | 307.4 | 17.6 |
实施例 | m | ESI-MS(M+H) | Res.Act.(%) | Ki(μM) |
137 | 4 | 335.5 | 2.19 | 0.55 |
QC(EC)的其它的适合的抑制剂是式138至141的那些化合物。
优选的谷氨酰胺酰肽环转移酶的抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐(另外命名为QCI)
在优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了组合物,优选药物组合物,其包含至少一种QC抑制剂,任选地与至少一种其它药剂组合,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
更具体地,上述的其它药剂选自β-淀粉样蛋白抗体、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、PEP抑制剂、LiCl、乙酰基胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、PIMT增强剂、β-分泌酶抑制剂、γ-分泌酶抑制剂、中性肽链内切酶抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶-4(PDE-4)抑制剂、TNFα抑制剂、毒蕈碱M1受体拮抗剂、NMDA受体拮抗剂、σ-1受体抑制剂、组胺H3拮抗剂、免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、MCP-1拮抗剂、或者选自Antegren(那他珠单抗)、Neurelan(氨基吡定-SR)、Campath(阿仑珠单抗)、IR 208、NBI 5788/MSP 771(替利莫肽)、紫杉醇、Anergix.MS(AG 284)、SH636、Differin(CD 271,阿达帕林)、BAY361677(白介素-4)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(例如BB 76163)、干扰素-τ(滋养层素)和SAIK-MS的药剂。
此外,所述其它药剂可以是例如选自以下的抗焦虑药或抗抑郁药:
(b)选择性5-羟色胺再吸收抑制剂(SSRI),例如西酞普兰、氟西汀、氟伏沙明、依地普仑、舍曲林、帕罗西汀,
(c)三环抗抑郁药,例如阿米替林、氯米帕明、地昔帕明、多赛平、丙米嗪,
(d)单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂,
(e)阿扎哌隆,例如丁螺环酮、坦度螺酮,
(f)5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂(SNRI),例如文拉法辛、度洛西汀,
(g)米氮平,
(h)去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂(NRI),例如瑞波西汀,
(i)丁氨苯丙酮,
(j)奈法唑酮,
(k)β受体阻端剂,
(l)NPY受体配体:NPY激动剂或拮抗剂。
在其它实施方案中,所述其它药剂可以是例如选自以下的抗多发性硬化症药剂;
a)二氢乳清酸脱氢酶抑制剂,例如SC-12267、特立氟胺、MNA-715、HMR-1279(与HMR-1715、MNA-279同物异名),
b)自身免疫抑制剂,例如拉喹莫德(laquinimod),
c)紫杉醇,
d)抗体,例如AGT-1、抗粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)单克隆抗体、Nogo受体调节剂、ABT-874、阿仑珠单抗(CAMPATH)、抗OX40抗体、CNTO-1275、DN-1921、那他珠单抗(与AN-100226、Antegren、VLA-4 Mab同物异名)、达克珠单抗(与Zenepax、Ro-34-7375、SMART anti-Tac同物异名)、J-695、普立昔单抗(与Centara、CEN-000029、cM-T412同物异名)、MRA、Dantes、抗IL-12抗体,
e)肽核酸(PNA)制剂,例如Reticulose,
f)干扰素α,例如Alfaferone、人类α-干扰素(与Omniferon、α-Leukoferon同物异名),
g)干扰素β,例如Frone、干扰素β-1a如Avonex、Beton(Rebif)、干扰素β-类似物、干扰素β-转铁蛋白融合蛋白、重组干扰素β-1b如Betaseron,
h)干扰素-τ,
i)肽,例如AT-008、AnergiX.MS、Immunokine(α-Immunokine-NNSO3)、环肽如ZD-7349,
j)治疗性酶,例如可溶性CD8(sCD8),
k)多发性硬化症特异性的自身抗原编码质粒和细胞因子编码质粒,例如BHT-3009;
l)TNF-α抑制剂,例如BLX-1002、沙利度胺、SH-636,
m)TNF拮抗剂,例如索利司他、来那西普(与RO-45-2081、Tenefuse同物异名)、奥那西普(sTNFR1)、CC-1069,
n)TNF-α,例如依那西普(与Enbrel、TNR-001同物异名)
o)CD28拮抗剂,例如阿巴他赛(abatacept),
p)Lck酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,
q)组织蛋白酶K抑制剂,
r)神经元靶向性膜转运蛋白的类似物牛磺酸和源自植物的钙蛋白酶抑制剂亮肽素,例如Neurodur,
s)趋化因子受体-1(CCR1)拮抗剂,例如BX-471,
t)CCR2拮抗剂,
u)AMPA受体拮抗剂,例如ER-167288-01和ER-099487、E-2007、他仑帕奈,
v)钾通道阻断剂,例如氨吡定,
w)VLA-4/VCAM相互作用的甲苯磺酰基脯氨酸苯丙氨酸小分子拮抗剂,例如TBC-3342,
x)细胞粘附分子抑制剂,例如TBC-772,
y)反义寡核苷酸,例如EN-101,
z)与肥大细胞受体结合的游离免疫球蛋白轻链(IgLC)的拮抗剂,例如F-991,
aa)凋亡诱导抗原,例如Apogen MS,
bb)α-2肾上腺素受体激动剂,例如替扎尼定(与Zanaflex、Ternelin、Sirdalvo、Sirdalud、Mionidine同物异名),
cc)L-酪氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-谷氨酸和L-丙氨酸的共聚物,例如格拉默乙酸盐(与Copaxone、COP-1、共聚物-1同物异名),
dd)拓扑异构酶II调节剂,例如盐酸米托蒽醌,
ee)腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂,例如克拉屈滨(与Leustatin、Mylinax、RWJ-26251同物异名),
ff)白介素-10,例如伊洛白介素(与Tenovil、ScH-52000、CSIF同物异名),
gg)白介素-12拮抗剂,例如利索茶碱(与CT-1501R、LSF、Lysofylline同物异名),
hh)Ethanaminum,例如SRI-62-834(与CRC-8605、NSC-614383同物异名),
ii)免疫调节剂,例如SAIK-MS、PNU-156804、α-甲胎蛋白肽(AFP)、IPDS,
jj)类视黄醇受体激动剂,例如阿达帕林(与Differin、CD-271同物异名),
kk)TGF-β,例如GDF-1(生长和分化因子1),
ll)TGF-β-2,例如BetaKine,
mm)MMP抑制剂,例如Glycomed,
nn)磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)抑制剂,例如RPR-122818,
oo)嘌呤核苷酸磷酸化酶抑制剂,例如9-(3-吡啶基甲基)-9-脱氮鸟嘌呤、培得星(与BCX-34、TO-200同物异名),
pp)α-4/β-1整联蛋白拮抗剂,例如ISIS-104278,
qq)反义-α4-整联蛋白(CD49d),例如ISIS-17044、ISIS-27104,
rr)细胞因子诱导剂,例如核苷、ICN-17261,
ss)细胞因子抑制剂,
tt)热休克蛋白疫苗,例如HSPPC-96,
uu)神经调节蛋白生长因子,例如GGF-2(与神经调节蛋白、神经胶质生长因子2同物异名),
vv)组织蛋白酶S抑制剂,
ww)溴匹立明类似物,例如PNU-56169、PNU-63693,
xx)单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质-1抑制剂,例如类苯并咪唑MCP-1抑制剂、LKS-1456、PD-064036、PD-064126、PD-084486、PD-172084、PD-172386。
此外,本发明提供了例如用于肠胃外、肠或口服给药的药物组合物,其包括至少一种QC抑制剂,任选地与至少一种其它的前述药剂组合。
这些组合提供了特别有利的效力。因此,表明这些组合对于治疗上述疾病是有效且有用的。因此,本发明提供了用于治疗这些病症的方法。
所述方法包括同时给药至少一种QC抑制剂和至少一种所述其它药剂,或者将它们相继给药。
同时给药包括给药包含至少一种QC抑制剂和至少一种所述其它药剂的制剂,或者基本上同时给药各药剂的单独制剂。
β-淀粉样蛋白抗体和包含它们的组合物描述于例如WO 2006/137354、WO 2006/118959、WO 2006/103116、WO 2006/095041、WO2006/081171、WO 2006/066233、WO 2006/066171、WO 2006/066089、WO 2006/066049、WO 2006/055178、WO 2006/046644、WO2006/039470、WO 2006/036291、WO 2006/026408、WO 2006/016644、WO 2006/014638、WO 2006/014478、WO 2006/008661、WO2005/123775、WO 2005/120571、WO 2005/105998、WO 2005/081872、WO 2005/080435、WO 2005/028511、WO 2005/025616、WO2005/025516、WO 2005/023858、WO 2005/018424、WO 2005/011599、WO 2005/000193、WO 2004/108895、WO 2004/098631、WO2004/080419、WO 2004/071408、WO 2004/069182、WO 2004/067561、WO 2004/044204、WO 2004/032868、WO 2004/031400、WO2004/029630、WO 2004/029629、WO 2004/024770、WO 2004/024090、WO 2003/104437、WO 2003/089460、WO 2003/086310、WO2003/077858、WO 2003/074081、WO 2003/070760、WO 2003/063760、WO 2003/055514、WO 2003/051374、WO 2003/048204、WO2003/045128、WO 2003/040183、WO 2003/039467、WO 2003/016466、WO 2003/015691、WO 2003/014162、WO 2003/012141、WO2002/088307、WO 2002/088306、WO 2002/074240、WO 2002/046237、WO 2002/046222、WO 2002/041842、WO 2001/062801、WO2001/012598、WO 2000/077178、WO 2000/072880、WO 2000/063250、WO 1999/060024、WO 1999/027944、WO 1998/044955、WO1996/025435、WO 1994/017197、WO 1990/014840、WO 1990/012871、WO 1990/012870、WO 1989/006242。
所述β-淀粉样蛋白抗体可以选自例如多克隆的、单克隆的、嵌合的或人源化的抗体。而且,所述抗体可以用于开发主动和被动免疫治疗物,即疫苗和单克隆抗体。
适合的β-淀粉样蛋白抗体的实例是ACU-5A5、huC091(Acumen/Merck);PF-4360365、RI-1014、RI-1219、RI-409、RN-1219(Rinat Neuroscience Corp(Pfizer Inc));Ablynx/Boehringer Ingelheim的纳米抗体(nanobody)治疗药;Intellect Neurosciences/IBL的β-淀粉样蛋白特异性人源化单克隆抗体;m266、m266.2(Eli Lilly & Co.);AAB-02(Elan);巴匹珠单抗(bapineuzumab)(Elan);BAN-2401(Bioarctic Neuroscience AB);ABP-102(Abiogen Pharma SpA);BA-27、BC-05(Takeda);R-1450(Roche);ESBA-212(ESBATech AG);AZD-3102(AstraZeneca)和Mindset BioPharmaceuticals Inc的β-淀粉样蛋白抗体。
特别优选的是识别Aβ肽的N-末端的抗体。识别Aβ-N-末端的适合的抗体是例如Acl-24(AC Immune CA)。
在WO 2007/068412中公开了抗β-淀粉样蛋白肽的单克隆抗体。在WO2008/011348中公开了各自的嵌合和人源化抗体。在WO 2007/068411中公开了制备用于治疗淀粉样蛋白相关性疾病的疫苗组合物的方法。
适合的半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂是例如组织蛋白酶B抑制剂。组织蛋白酶B抑制剂和包含所述抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO 2006/060473、WO2006/042103、WO 2006/039807、WO 2006/021413、WO 2006/021409、WO 2005/097103、WO 2005/007199、WO2004/084830、WO2004/078908、WO 2004/026851、WO 2002/094881、WO 2002/027418、WO 2002/021509、WO 1998/046559、WO 1996/021655。
适合的PIMT增强剂的实例是在WO 98/15647和WO 03/057204中分别描述的10-氨基脂族基二苯并[b,f]噁庚因(10-aminoaliphatyl-dibenz[b,f]oxepines)。根据本发明,其它有用的PIMT活性调节剂在WO 2004/039773中描述。
β-分泌酶抑制剂和包含所述抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO03/059346、WO 2006/099352、WO 2006/078576、WO 2006/060109、WO2006/057983、WO 2006/057945、WO 2006/055434、WO 2006/044497、WO 2006/034296、WO 2006/034277、WO 2006/029850、WO2006/026204、WO 2006/014944、WO 2006/014762、WO 2006/002004、US7109217、WO 2005/113484、WO 2005/103043、WO 2005/103020、WO2005/065195、WO 2005/051914、WO 2005/044830、WO 2005/032471、WO 2005/018545、WO 2005/004803、WO 2005/004802、WO2004/062625、WO 2004/043916、WO 2004/013098、WO 03/099202、WO03/043987、WO 03/039454、US 6562783、WO 02/098849和WO02/096897。
用于本发明的适合的β-分泌酶抑制剂实例是WY-25105(Wyeth);Posiphen、(+)-芬赛林(phenserine)(TorreyPines/NIH);LSN-2434074、LY-2070275、LY-2070273、LY-2070102(Eli Lilly & Co.);PNU-159775A、PNU-178025A、PNU-17820A、PNU-33312、PNU-38773、PNU-90530(Elan/Pfizer);KMI-370、KMI-358、kmi-008(Kyoto University);OM-99-2、OM-003(Athenagen Inc.);AZ-12304146(AstraZeneca/Astex);GW-840736X(GlaxoSmithKline plc.)和DNP-004089(De Novo PharmaceuticalsLtd.)。
γ-分泌酶抑制剂和包含所述抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO2005/008250、WO 2006/004880、US 7122675、US 7030239、US6992081、US 6982264、WO 2005/097768、WO2005/028440、WO2004/101562、US 6756511、US 6683091、WO 03/066592、WO03/014075、WO 03/013527、WO 02/36555、WO 01/53255、US 7109217、US 7101895、US 7049296、US 7034182、US 6984626、WO 2005/040126、WO 2005/030731、WO 2005/014553、US 6890956、EP 1334085、EP1263774、WO 2004/101538、WO 2004/00958、WO 2004/089911、WO2004/073630、WO 2004/069826、WO 2004/039370、WO 2004/031139、WO 2004/031137、US 6713276、US 6686449、WO 03/091278、US6649196、US 6448229、WO 01/77144和WO 01/66564。
用于本发明的适合的γ-分泌酶抑制剂是GSI-953、WAY-GSI-A、WAY-GSI-B(Wyeth);MK-0752、MRK-560、L-852505、L-685-458、L-852631、L-852646(Merck & Co.Inc.);LY-450139、LY-411575、AN-37124(Eli Lilly & Co.);BMS-299897、BMS-433796(Bristol-Myers SquibbCo.);E-2012(Eisai Co.Ltd.);EHT-0206、EHT-206(ExonHit TherapeuticsSA)和NGX-555(TorreyPines Therapeutics Inc.)。
用于本发明的适合的β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂是例如Bisnorcymserine(Axonyx Inc.);(R)-氟比洛芬(MCP-7869;Flurizan)(Myriad Genetics);硝基氟比洛芬(NicOx);BGC-20-0406(Sankyo Co.Ltd.)和BGC-20-0466(BTGplc.)。
用于本发明的适合的淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂是例如SP-233(SamaritanPharmaceuticals);AZD-103(Ellipsis Neurotherapeutics Inc.);AAB-001(巴匹珠单抗)、AAB-002、ACC-001(Elan Corp plc.);Colostrinin(ReGenTherapeutics plc.);Tramiprosate(Neurochem);AdPEDI-(淀粉样蛋白-β1-6)11)(Vaxin Inc.);MPI-127585、MPI-423948(Mayo Foundation);SP-08(Georgetown University);ACU-5A5(Acumen/Merck);转甲状腺素蛋白(State University of New York);PTI-777、DP-74、DP 68、Exebryl(ProteoTech Inc.);m266(Eli Lilly & Co.);EGb-761(Dr.Willmar SchwabeGmbH);SPI-014(Satori Pharmaceuticals Inc.);ALS-633、ALS-499(Advanced Life Sciences Inc.);AGT-160(ArmaGen Technologies Inc.);TAK-070(Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.);CHF-5022、CHF-5074、CHF-5096和CHF-5105(Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA.)。
用于本发明的适合的PDE-4抑制剂是例如多索茶碱(Instituto BiologicoChemioterapica ABC SpA.);异丁司特滴眼液、泰鲁司特(tipelukast)、异丁司特(Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.);茶碱(Elan Corp.);西洛司特(GlaxoSmithKline plc.);Atopik(Barrier Therapeutics Inc.);妥非司特(tofimilast)、CI-1044、PD-189659、CP-220629、PDE4d抑制剂BHN(PfizerInc.);阿罗茶碱、LAS-37779(Almirall Prodesfarma SA.);罗氟司特、羟基普马芬群(Altana AG)、替托司特(tetomilast)(Otska Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.);泰鲁司特、异丁司特(Kyorin Pharmaceutical)、CC-10004(CelgeneCorp.);HT-0712、IPL-4088(Inflazyme Pharmaceuticals Ltd.);MEM-1414、MEM-1917(Memory Pharmaceuticals Corp.);奥米司特(oglemilast)、GRC-4039(Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.);AWD-12-281、ELB-353、ELB-526(Elbion AG);EHT-0202(ExonHit Therapeutics SA.);ND-1251(Neuro3d SA.);4AZA-PDE4(4 AZA Bioscience NV.);AVE-8112(Sanofi-Aventis);CR-3465(Rottapharm SpA.);GP-0203、NCS-613(Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique);KF-19514(Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co.Ltd.);ONO-6126(Ono Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.);OS-0217(DainipponPharmaceutical Co.Ltd.);IBFB-130011、IBFB-150007、IBFB-130020、IBFB-140301(IBFB Pharma GmbH);IC-485(ICOS Corp.);RBx-14016和RBx-11082(Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd.)。优选的PDE-4-抑制剂是咯利普兰。
MAO抑制剂和包含所述抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO2006/091988、WO 2005/007614、WO 2004/089351、WO 01/26656、WO01/12176、WO 99/57120、WO 99/57119、WO 99/13878、WO 98/40102、WO 98/01157、WO 96/20946、WO 94/07890和WO 92/21333。
用于本发明的适合的MAO抑制剂是例如利奈唑胺(Pharmacia Corp.);RWJ-416457(RW Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute);布地品(AltanaAG);GPX-325(BioResearch Ireland);异卡波肼;苯乙肼;反苯环丙胺;茚他多(indantadol)(Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA.);吗氯贝胺(Roche HoldingAG);SL-25.1131(Sanofi-Synthelabo);CX-1370(Burroughs WellcomeCo.);CX-157(Krenitsky Pharmaceuticals Inc.);脱氧鸭嘴花碱(HEArzneimittelforschung GmbH & Co.KG);二苯美伦(Mitsubishi-TokyoPharmaceuticals Inc.);RS-1636(Sankyo Co.Ltd.);乙磺普隆(BASF AG);雷沙吉兰(Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.);拉多替吉(ladostigil)(HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem);沙芬酰胺(safmamide)(Pfizer)和NW-1048(NewronPharmaceuticals SpA.)。
用于本发明的适合的组胺H3拮抗剂是例如ABT-239、ABT-834(AbbottLaboratories);3874-H1(Aventis Pharma);UCL-2173(Berlin FreeUniversity)、UCL-1470(BioProjet,Societe Civile de Recherche);DWP-302(Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co Ltd);GSK-189254A、GSK-207040A(GlaxoSmithKline Inc.);西拉利生(cipralisant)、GT-2203(Gliatech Inc.);环丙沙芬(Ciproxifan)(INSERM)、(1S,2S)-2-(2-氨基乙基)-1-(1H-咪唑-4-基)环丙烷(Hokkaido University);JNJ-17216498、JNJ-5207852(Johnson &Johnson);NNC-0038-0000-1049(Novo Nordisk A/S)和ScH-79687(Schering-Plough)。
PEP抑制剂和包含所述抑制剂的组合物描述于例如JP 01042465、JP03031298、JP 04208299、WO 00/71144、US 5847155;JP 09040693、JP10077300、JP 05331072、JP 05015314、WO 95/15310、WO 93/00361、EP0556482、JP 06234693、JP 01068396、EP 0709373、US 5965556、US5756763、US 6121311、JP 63264454、JP 64000069、JP 63162672、EP0268190、EP 0277588、EP 0275482、US 4977180、US 5091406、US4983624、US 5112847、US 5100904、US 5254550、US 5262431、US5340832、US 4956380、EP 0303434、JP 03056486、JP 01143897、JP1226880、EP 0280956、US 4857537、EP 0461677、EP 0345428、JP02275858、US 5506256、JP 06192298、EP 0618193、JP 03255080、EP0468469、US 5118811、JP 05025125、WO 9313065、JP 05201970、WO9412474、EP 0670309、EP 0451547、JP 06339390、US 5073549、US4999349、EP 0268281、US 4743616、EP 0232849、EP 0224272、JP62114978、JP 62114957、US 4757083、US 4810721、US 5198458、US4826870、EP 0201742、EP 0201741、US 4873342、EP 0172458、JP61037764、EP 0201743、US 4772587、EP 0372484、US 5028604、WO91/18877、JP 04009367、JP 04235162、US 5407950、WO 95/01352、JP01250370、JP 02207070、US 5221752、EP 0468339、JP 04211648、WO99/46272、WO 2006/058720和WO 2006/120104。
用于本发明的适合的脯氨酰内肽酶抑制剂是例如Fmoc-Ala-Pyrr-CN、Z-Phe-Pro-苯并噻唑(Probiodrug)、Z-321(Zeria Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.);ONO-1603(Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd);JTP-4819(Japan Tobacco Inc.)和S-17092(Servier)。
根据本发明,可以与QC抑制剂联合使用的其它适合的化合物是NPY、NPY模拟物、或者NPY激动剂或拮抗剂、或NPY受体的配体。
根据本发明优选的是NPY受体的拮抗剂。
适合的NPY受体的配体或拮抗剂是在WO 00/68197中公开的3a,4,5,9b-四氢-1h-苯并[e]吲哚-2-基胺衍生的化合物。
可以提及的NPY受体拮抗剂包括在欧洲专利申请EP 0614911、EP0747357、EP 0747356和EP 0747378;国际专利申请WO 94/17035、WO97/19911、WO 97/19913、WO 96/12489、WO 97/19914、WO 96/22305、WO 96/40660、WO 96/12490、WO 97/09308、WO 97/20820、WO97/20821、WO 97/20822、WO 97/20823、WO 97/19682、WO 97/25041、WO 97/34843、WO 97/46250、WO 98/03492、WO 98/03493、WO98/03494和WO 98/07420;WO 00/30674、美国专利5552411、5663192和5567714;6114336、日本专利申请JP 09157253;国际专利申请WO94/00486、WO 93/12139、WO 95/00161和WO 99/15498;美国专利5328899;德国专利申请DE 393 97 97;欧洲专利申请EP 355794和EP355793;和日本专利申请JP 06116284和JP 07267988中公开的那些拮抗剂。优选的NPY拮抗剂包括具体公开于这些专利文献中的那些化合物。更优选的化合物包括氨基酸和非肽系NPY拮抗剂。可以提及的氨基酸和非肽系NPY拮抗剂包括在欧洲专利申请EP 0614911、EP 0747357、EP 0747356和EP 0747378;国际专利申请WO 94/17035、WO 97/19911、WO 97/19913、WO 96/12489、WO 97/19914、WO 96/22305、WO 96/40660、WO96/12490、WO 97/09308、WO 97/20820、WO 97/20821、WO 97/20822、WO 97/20823、WO 97/19682、WO 97/25041、WO 97/34843、WO97/46250、WO 98/03492、WO 98/03493、WO 98/03494、WO 98/07420和WO 99/15498;美国专利5552411、5663192和5567714;和日本专利申请JP 09157253中公开的那些拮抗剂。优选的氨基酸和非肽系NPY拮抗剂包括在这些专利文献中具体公开的那些化合物。
特别优选的化合物包括氨基酸系NPY拮抗剂。可以提及的氨基酸系化合物包括在国际专利申请WO 94/17035、WO 97/19911、WO 97/19913、WO 97/19914、或优选地在WO 99/15498中公开的那些化合物。优选的氨基酸系NPY拮抗剂包括在这些专利文献中具体公开的那些拮抗剂,例如BIBP3226,特别是(R)-N2-(二苯基乙酰基)-(R)-N-[1-(4-羟基苯基)乙基]精氨酸酰胺(国际专利申请WO 99/15498的实施例4)。
M1受体激动剂和包含这样的抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO2004/087158、WO 91/10664。
用于本发明的适合的M1受体拮抗剂是例如CDD-0102(CognitivePharmaceuticals);西维美林(Evoxac)(Snow Brand Milk Products Co.Ltd.);NGX-267(TorreyPines Therapeutics);沙可美林(GlaxoSmithKline);阿伐美林(H Lundbeck A/S);LY-593093(Eli Lilly & Co.);VRTX-3(VertexPharmaceuticals Inc.);WAY-132983(Wyeth)和CI-1017/(PD-151832)(PfizerInc.)。
乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂和包含所述抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO2006/071274、WO 2006/070394、WO 2006/040688、WO 2005/092009、WO 2005/079789、WO 2005/039580、WO 2005/027975、WO2004/084884、WO 2004/037234、WO 2004/032929、WO 03/101458、WO03/091220、WO 03/082820、WO 03/020289、WO 02/32412、WO01/85145、WO 01/78728、WO 01/66096、WO 00/02549、WO 01/00215、WO 00/15205、WO 00/23057、WO 00/33840、WO 00/30446、WO00/23057、WO 00/15205、WO 00/09483、WO 00/07600、WO 00/02549、WO 99/47131、WO 99/07359、WO 98/30243、WO 97/38993、WO97/13754、WO 94/29255、WO 94/20476、WO 94/19356、WO 93/03034和WO 92/19238。
用于本发明的适合的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂是例如多奈哌齐(Eisai Co.Ltd.);利斯的明(Novartis AG);(-)-芬赛林(TorreyPines Therapeutics);拉多替吉(Hebrew University of Jerusalem);石杉碱甲(Mayo Foundation);加兰他敏(Johnson & Johnson);Memoquin(Universita di Bologna);SP-004(Samaritan Pharmaceuticals Inc.);BGC-20-1259(Sankyo Co.Ltd.);毒扁豆碱(Forest Laboratories Inc.);NP-0361(Neuropharma SA);ZT-1(Debiopharm);他克林(Warner-Lambert Co.);美曲膦酯(Bayer Corp.)和INM-176(WhanIn)。
NMDA受体拮抗剂和包含这样的抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO2006/094674、WO 2006/058236、WO 2006/058059、WO 2006/010965、WO 2005/000216、WO 2005/102390、WO 2005/079779、WO2005/079756、WO 2005/072705、WO 2005/070429、WO 2005/055996、WO 2005/035522、WO 2005/009421、WO 2005/000216、WO2004/092189、WO 2004/039371、WO 2004/028522、WO 2004/009062、WO 03/010159、WO 02/072542、WO 02/34718、WO 01/98262、WO01/94321、WO 01/92204、WO 01/81295、WO 01/32640、WO 01/10833、WO 01/10831、WO 00/56711、WO 00/29023、WO 00/00197、WO99/53922、WO 99/48891、WO 99/45963、WO 99/01416、WO 99/07413、WO 99/01416、WO 98/50075、WO 98/50044、WO 98/10757、WO98/05337、WO 97/32873、WO 97/23216、WO 97/23215、WO 97/23214、WO 96/14318、WO 96/08485、WO 95/31986、WO 95/26352、WO95/26350、WO 95/26349、WO 95/26342、WO 95/12594、WO 95/02602、WO 95/02601、WO 94/20109、WO 94/13641、WO 94/09016和WO93/25534。
用于本发明的适合的NMDA受体拮抗剂是例如美金刚(Merz & Co.GmbH);托吡酯(Johnson & Johnson);AVP-923(Neurodex)(Center forNeurologic Study);EN-3231(Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc.);奈拉美生(neramexane)(MRZ-2/579)(Merz and Forest);CNS-5161(CeNeSPharmaceuticals Inc.);地塞比诺(HU-211;Sinnabidol;PA-50211)(Pharmos);EpiCept NP-1(Dalhousie University);茚他多(V-3381;CNP-3381)(Vernalis);培净福太(perzinfotel)(EAA-090、WAY-126090、EAA-129)(Wyeth);RGH-896(Gedeon Richter Ltd.);曲索罗地(CP-101606)、贝生罗地(besonprodil)(PD-196860、CI-1041)(Pfizer Inc.);CGX-1007(Cognetix Inc.);德芦西明(delucemine)(NPS-1506)(NPS PharmaceuticalsInc.);EVT-101(Roche Holding AG);阿坎酸(Synchroneuron LLC.);CR-3991、CR-2249、CR-3394(Rottapharm SpA.);AV-101(4-氯犬尿氨酸(4-Cl-KYN))、7-氯犬尿喹啉酸(7-Cl-KYNA)(VistaGen);NPS-1407(NPSPharmaceuticals Inc.);YT-1006(Yaupon Therapeutics Inc.);ED-1812(SoseiR&D Ltd.);himantane(N-2-(金刚烷基)六亚甲基亚胺盐酸盐)(RAMS);Lancicemine(AR-R-15896)(AstraZeneca);EVT-102、Ro-25-6981和Ro-63-1908(HoffmanN-La Roche AG/Evotec)。
而且,本发明涉及用于治疗动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎或关节炎的联合疗法,其将QC抑制剂与另一治疗药剂的联合给药,并提供了比单独的各单一疗法组成部分更有利的或协同的治疗效果,所述另一治疗药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
血管紧张素II受体阻断剂应理解为与血管紧张素II受体的AT1受体亚型结合但不致使所述受体活化的那些活性药剂。由于阻断所述AT1受体,这些拮抗剂可被用作例如抗高血压药。
可以用于本发明的联合的适合的血管紧张素II受体阻断剂包括具有不同结构特征的AT1受体拮抗剂,优选是具有非肽结构的那些拮抗剂。例如,可以提及的化合物是缬沙坦(EP 443983)、氯沙坦(EP 253310)、坎地沙坦(EP 459136)、依普罗沙坦(EP 403159)、厄贝沙坦(EP 454511)、奥美沙坦(EP 503785)、他索沙坦(EP 539086)、替米沙坦(EP 522314)、下式的具有标号E-4177的化合物
下式的具有标号SC-52458的化合物
和下式的具有标号化合物ZD-8731的化合物
或者在各个实例中,它们的药学可接受的盐。
优选的AT1-受体拮抗剂是已获准和已上市的那些药剂,最优选的是缬沙坦或其药学可接受的盐。
使用ACE抑制剂阻断血管紧张素至血管紧张素II的酶降解,是用于调节血压的成功变法,并由此也提供了用于治疗高血压的治疗方法。
用于本发明的联合的适当的ACE抑制剂是例如选自以下的化合物:阿拉普利、贝那普利、贝那普利拉;卡托普利、西罗普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依那普利、依那普利拉(enaprilat)、福辛普利、咪达普利、赖诺普利、莫维普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、替莫普利和群多普利,或者在各个实例中,它们的药学可接受的盐。
优选的ACE抑制剂是已上市的那些药剂,最优选的是贝那普利和依那普利。
利尿剂是例如选自氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪和氯噻酮的噻嗪类衍生物。最优选的利尿剂是氢氯噻嗪。利尿剂还包括保钾利尿剂如阿米洛利或氨苯蝶啶、或它们的药学可接受的盐。
用于所述联合的CCB优选为选自氨氯地平、非洛地平、ryosidine、伊拉地平、拉西地平、尼卡地平、硝苯地平、尼古地平、尼鲁地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平、尼群地平和尼伐地平以及在各实例中其药学可接受的盐的代表性DHP,以及优选为选自氟桂利嗪、普尼拉明、地尔硫、芬地林、戈洛帕米、米贝拉地尔、阿尼帕米、噻帕米和维拉帕米以及在各实例中其药学可接受的盐的代表性非DHP。所有这些CCB治疗上用作如抗高血压、抗心绞痛或抗心律失常药物。
优选的CCB包括氨氯地平、地尔硫、伊拉地平、尼卡地平、硝苯地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平、尼群地平和维拉帕米、或者它们的药学可接受的盐(例如取决于具体的CCB)。作为DHP,特别优选的是氨氯地平或其药学可接受的盐,特别是苯磺酸盐。特别优选的代表性非DHP是维拉帕米或其药学可接受的盐,特别是其盐酸盐。
适合用于本发明的β-受体阻断剂包括β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(β-受体阻断剂),其与肾上腺素竞争β-肾上腺素能受体,并且干扰肾上腺素的作用。优选地,较之α-肾上腺素能受体,所述β-受体阻断剂对β-肾上腺素能受体具有选择性,并且因此不具有显著的α-受体阻断效力。适合的β-受体阻断剂包括选自醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、比索洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、艾司洛尔、拉贝洛尔、美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔和噻吗洛尔的化合物。其中所述β-受体阻断剂是酸或碱,或者要不然就是能形成药学可接受的盐或前药,这些形式被认为包括在本文中,并且应理解所述化合物可以游离形式或者药学可接受的盐或前药的形式(例如生理学可水解并可接受的酯)给药。例如,美托洛尔适合以它的酒石酸盐的形式给药,普萘洛尔适合以其盐酸盐给药,等等。
HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂(也称为β-羟基-β-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂或他汀类)应理解为可以用于降低血液中的脂质(包括胆固醇)水平的那些活性药剂。
HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂类包括具有不同结构特征的化合物。例如可以提及选自阿托伐他汀、西立伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀、或者在各个实例中它们的药学可接受的盐的化合物。
优选的HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂是已上市的那些药剂,最优选的是阿托伐他汀、匹伐他汀或辛伐他汀、或它们的药学可接受的盐。
增加HDL的化合物包括但不局限于胆固醇酯转运蛋白(CETP)抑制剂。CETP抑制剂的实例包括JTT7O5(公开于2002年7月30日授权的美国专利6426365的实施例26中)和其药学可接受的盐。
抑制由白介素-6介导的炎症可以通过调节内源性胆固醇合成和类异戊二烯消耗来间接地实现,或者通过使用以下药剂直接抑制信号转导途径来实现:白介素-6抑制剂/抗体、白介素-6受体抑制剂/抗体、白介素-6反义寡核苷酸(ASON)、gp130蛋白抑制剂/抗体、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂/抗体、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂/抗体、丝裂原活化蛋白(MAP)激酶抑制剂/抗体、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂/抗体、核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制剂/抗体、IκB激酶(IKK)抑制剂/抗体、激活物蛋白-1(AP-1)抑制剂/抗体、STAT转录因子抑制剂/抗体、修饰的IL-6、IL-6或IL-6受体的末端肽(partial peptides)、或SOCS(细胞因子信号转导抑制剂)蛋白、PPARγ和/或PPARβ/δ激活剂/配体或其功能片段。
适合的抗炎皮质类固醇是地塞米松。
适合的抗增殖剂是克拉屈滨、雷帕霉素、长春新碱和紫杉醇。
适合的细胞外基质合成抑制剂是卤夫酮。
适合的生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂是例如ras抑制剂R115777。
适合的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂是酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂。
适合的肾素抑制剂描述于例如WO 2006/116435。优选的肾素抑制剂是阿利吉仑,优选其半富马酸盐形式。
MCP-1拮抗剂例如可以选自抗MCP-1抗体(优选单克隆或者人源化单克隆抗体)、MCP-1表达抑制剂、CCR2-拮抗剂、TNF-α抑制剂、VCAM-1基因表达抑制剂和抗-C5a单克隆抗体。
MCP-1拮抗剂和包含这样的抑制剂的组合物描述于例如WO02/070509、WO 02/081463、WO 02/060900、US 2006/670364、US2006/677365、WO 2006/097624、US 2006/316449、WO 2004/056727、WO03/053368、WO 00/198289、WO 00/157226、WO 00/046195、WO00/046196、WO 00/046199、WO 00/046198、WO 00/046197、WO99/046991、WO 99/007351、WO 98/006703、WO 97/012615、WO2005/105133、WO 03/037376、WO 2006/125202、WO 2006/085961、WO2004/024921、WO 2006/074265。
适合的MCP-1拮抗剂是例如C-243(Telik Inc.);NOX-E36(NoxxonPharma AG);AP-761(Actimis Pharmaceuticals Inc.);ABN-912、NIBR-177(Novartis AG);CC-11006(Celgene Corp.);SSR-150106(Sanofi-Aventis);MLN-1202(Millenium Pharmaceuticals Inc.);AGI-1067、AGIX-4207、AGI-1096(AtherioGenics Inc.);PRS-211095、PRS-211092(Pharmos Corp.);抗-C5a单克隆抗体例如Neutrazumab(G2 Therapies Ltd.);AZD-6942(AstraZeneca plc.);2-巯基咪唑(Johnson & Johnson);TEI-E00526、TEI-6122(Deltagen);RS-504393(Roche Holding AG);SB-282241、SB-380732、ADR-7(GlaxoSmithKline);抗MCP-1单克隆抗体(Johnson &Johnson)。
QC抑制剂和MCP-1拮抗剂的联合一般可以用于治疗炎性疾病,包括神经变性疾病。
QC抑制剂和MCP-1拮抗剂的联合优选用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。
最优选地,所述QC抑制剂与选自下组的一种或多种化合物联合:
PF-4360365、m266、巴匹珠单抗、R-1450、Posiphen、(+)-芬赛林、MK-0752、LY-450139、E-2012、(R)-氟比洛芬、AZD-103、AAB-001(巴匹珠单抗)、Tramiprosate、EGb-761、TAK-070、多索茶碱、茶碱、西洛司特、妥非司特、罗氟司特、替托司特、泰鲁司特、异丁司特、HT-0712、MEM-1414、奥米司特、利奈唑胺、布地品、异卡波肼、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺、茚他多、吗氯贝胺、雷沙吉兰、拉多替吉、沙芬酰胺、ABT-239、ABT-834、GSK-189254A、环丙沙芬、JNJ-17216498、Fmoc-Ala-Pyrr-CN、Z-Phe-Pro-苯并噻唑、Z-321、ONO-1603、JTP-4819、S-17092、BIBP3226;(R)-N2-(二苯基乙酰基)-(R)-N-[1-(4-羟基苯基)乙基]精氨酸酰胺、西维美林、沙可美林、(PD-151832)、多奈哌齐、利斯的明、(-)-芬赛林、拉多替吉、加兰他敏、他克林、美曲膦酯、美金刚、托吡酯、AVP-923、EN-3231、奈拉美生、缬沙坦、贝那普利、依那普利、氢氯噻嗪、氨氯地平、地尔硫、伊拉地平、尼卡地平、硝苯地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平、尼群地平、维拉帕米、氨氯地平、醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、比索洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、艾司洛尔、拉贝洛尔、美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、噻吗洛尔、(硫酸氢氯吡格雷)、(西洛他唑)、阿司匹林、(依折麦布)和KT6-971、他汀类、阿托伐他汀、匹伐他汀或辛伐他汀;地塞米松、克拉屈滨、雷帕霉素、长春新碱、紫杉醇、阿利吉仑、C-243、ABN-912、SSR-150106、MLN-1202和干扰素β-1b(betaferon)。
具体地,考虑到以下联合:
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与阿托伐他汀联合,用于治疗和/或预防动脉粥样硬化
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与免疫抑制剂优选雷帕霉素联合,用于预防和/或治疗再狭窄
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与免疫抑制剂优选紫杉醇联合,用于预防和/或治疗再狭窄
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与AChE抑制剂优选多奈哌齐联合,用于预防和/或治疗阿尔茨海默病
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与干扰素优选Aronex联合,用于预防和/或治疗多发性硬化症
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与干扰素优选干扰素β-1b联合,用于预防和/或治疗多发性硬化症
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与干扰素优选Rebif联合,用于预防和/或治疗多发性硬化症
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与Copaxone联合,用于预防和/或治疗多发性硬化症
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与地塞米松联合,用于预防和/或治疗再狭窄
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与地塞米松联合,用于预防和/或治疗动脉粥样硬化
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与地塞米松联合,用于预防和/或治疗类风湿性关节炎
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂联合,用于预防和/或治疗再狭窄,其中所述HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂选自阿托伐他汀、西立伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂联合,用于预防和/或治疗动脉粥样硬化,其中所述HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂选自阿托伐他汀、西立伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀
-QC抑制剂特别是QCI与HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂联合,用于预防和/或治疗类风湿性关节炎,其中所述HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂选自阿托伐他汀、西立伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀
这样的联合疗法对于AD、FAD、FDD和唐氏综合征的神经变性以及动脉粥样硬化、类风湿性关节炎、再狭窄和胰腺炎特别有效。
与单独使用两种药剂中的任何一种相比,这样的联合疗法可能产生更好的疗效(更轻的增殖以及更轻的刺激增殖的炎症)。
关于QC抑制剂和其它化合物的具体联合,具体参见WO 2004/098625的这方面内容,该申请通过引用结合于此。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供了用于预防或治疗选自炎性疾病的疾病或病症的方法,所述炎性疾病选自:
a.神经变性疾病,例如轻度认知缺损(MCI)、阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征的神经变性、家族性英国型痴呆、家族性丹麦型痴呆、多发性硬化症,
b.慢性和急性炎症,例如类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、胰腺炎,
c.纤维化,例如肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肾纤维化,
d.癌症,例如癌症/血管内皮瘤增殖、胃癌,
e.代谢疾病,例如高血压,
f.和其它炎性疾病,例如神经性疼痛、移植排斥/移植失败/移植物血管病变、HIV感染/AIDS、妊娠中毒、结节性硬化症。
此外,本发明包括本发明的化合物和它们相应的药学可接受的酸式盐形式用于制备用于预防或治疗任何以上疾病或病症的药物的用途。
最优选地,本发明的QC抑制剂用于治疗上述神经变性疾病。更优选的是本发明的QC抑制剂用于治疗选自再狭窄、胰腺炎、类风湿性关节炎和动脉粥样硬化的疾病最优选再狭窄或胰腺炎的用途。
可以通过任何常规的给药途径,包括但不局限于静脉内、口服、皮下、肌内、皮内、肠胃外和它们的组合,向患者给药所述化合物。
在其它优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及药物组合物,即药物,其包含至少一种本发明的化合物或其盐,任选地和一种或多种药学可接受的载体和/或溶剂组合。
所述药物组合物可以例如是肠胃外或肠内制剂的形式并且包含适当的载体,或者它们可以是可以包含适当的适于口服给药的载体的口服制剂的形式。优选地,它们是口服制剂的形式。
根据本发明给药的QC活性抑制剂可以作为抑制剂,或者与抑制剂、底物、假底物、QC表达抑制剂、结合蛋白或降低哺乳动物的QC蛋白浓度的那些酶蛋白的抗体组合,用于药学上可给药的制剂或制剂复合物。本发明的化合物使针对患者和疾病个性化地调整治疗成为可能,特别是使避免个体不耐受、过敏和副作用成为可能。
所述化合物也显示出不同程度的作为时间函数的活性。因此,提供治疗的医生有机会针对患者的个别情况作出不同的反应:一方面,他能够准确地调整开始作用的速度,另一方面,能够准确地调整作用的持续时间,特别是作用的强度。
所述化合物可以有利地例如以包含活性成分和现有技术已知的常规添加剂如稀释剂、赋形剂和/或载体的组合的药物制剂的形式给药。例如它们可以被肠胃外(例如以生理盐水溶液形式静脉注射)或肠内(例如口服,用常规载体配制)给药。
取决于它们的体内稳定性和它们的生物利用度,可以每日给药一次或多次剂量的所述化合物,以达到预期的MCP活性的降低。例如,在人类,这样的剂量范围可以是约0.01mg-250.0mg/天,优选是约0.01-100mg化合物/千克体重/天。
可以按照本领域已知的方式,使用惰性的、无毒性的、药学上适合的载体和添加剂或溶剂,将根据本发明使用的化合物相应地转化成常规的制剂,例如片剂、(可咀嚼的(bitable))胶囊剂、糖衣丸、丸剂、栓剂、颗粒剂、气雾剂、糖浆剂、滴剂、液体剂、固体剂和乳膏样乳剂和混悬剂和/或作为栓剂或作为鼻喷雾的溶液剂。在各种所述制剂中,存在的治疗有效化合物的浓度优选为占总混合物约0.1-80重量%,更优选1-50重量%,即其量足以得到所述剂量范围。
可以例如通过使用溶剂和/或载体,任选地使用乳化剂和/或分散剂,例如在用水作为稀释剂时可能任选地使用有机溶剂作为辅助溶剂,使活性成分分散,来有利地配制所述制剂。
用于本发明的赋形剂的实例包括:水、无毒性有机溶剂如石蜡(例如天然油馏分)、植物油(例如菜籽油、花生油、芝麻油)、醇(例如乙醇、甘油)、二醇(例如丙二醇、聚乙二醇);固体载体例如天然的粉碎矿物质(例如高度分散的二氧化硅、硅酸盐)、糖(例如粗糖、乳糖和葡萄糖);乳化剂例如非离子型和阴离子型乳化剂(例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)、分散剂(例如木质素、亚硫酸盐废液(sulphite liquors)、甲基纤维素、淀粉和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)和润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、硬脂酸和十二烷基硫酸钠)和任选地调味剂。
可以常规的方法给药,优选肠内或肠胃外给药,特别是口服给药。对于肠内给药,除了所述载体外,片剂可以包含其它添加剂例如柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙和磷酸钙,和各种添加剂例如淀粉优选马铃薯淀粉、明胶等。此外,可以同时使用润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠和滑石粉用于压片。对于意图用于口服给药的水性混悬剂和/或酏剂,除了上述赋形剂外,可以向活性成分中加入各种矫味剂或着色剂。
对于肠胃外给药,可以采用活性成分的溶液剂,其使用适合的液体载体。一般而言,已发现,为获得有效结果,对于静脉内给药,以约为0.01-2.0mg/kg体重/日、优选约为0.01-1.0mg/kg体重/日的量给药是有利的,而对于肠内给药,剂量约为0.01-2mg/kg体重/日,优选约为0.01-1mg/kg体重/日。
然而,在某些情况下,需要偏离所述量,这取决于实验动物或患者的体重,或者取决于给药途径的类型,但也要取决于动物的物种及其对药物的个体反应,或者取决于给药的间隔。因此,在某些情况下,使用低于上述最低量可能就足够了,而在其它情况下,必须超出所述上限。对于给药较大量的情况,可以合理地将这些量分成一天内的若干单次剂量。对于人类医学的给药,提供同样的剂量范围。在那种情况下,上述说明类似地适用。
上述公开概述地描述了本发明。通过参考以下图和实施例可以更完全地理解本发明。描述这些实施例仅为了例证目的,并不意图限制本发明的范围。虽然在本文中使用了具体的术语,但所述术语是意在描述而不是为了限制。
参照例1:制备人类QC
宿主菌株和培养基
按照制造商的说明书(Invitrogen),培养、转化和分析用于表达人类QC的巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)菌株X33(AOX1、AOX2)。根据制造商的建议,配制巴斯德毕赤酵母需要的培养基,即缓冲复合甘油(BMGY)或缓冲复合甲醇(BMMY)培养基和发酵基础盐培养基。
编码人类QC的质粒载体的分子克隆
所有的克隆步骤均采用标准的分子生物学技术进行。为了在酵母中表达,使用载体pPICZαB(Invitrogen)。使用pQE-31载体(Qiagen)以在大肠杆菌(E.coli)中表达人类QC。将起始于密码子38的成熟QC的cDNA融合在具有质粒编码的6x组氨酸标记的框中。在使用引物pQCyc-1和pQCyc-2(WO2004/098625)扩增和亚克隆之后,使用SphI和HindIII限制位点将此片段插入表达载体。
转化巴斯德毕赤酵母和微量表达
按照制造商(Qiagen)的建议,在大肠杆菌JM109中扩增质粒DNA并纯化。在所用的表达质粒中,pPICZαB、三个限制位点供线性化。因为SacI和BstXI在QC cDNA内剪切,选择PmeI用于线性化。用PmeI将20-30μg质粒DNA线性化,通过乙醇使其沉淀,并将其溶于无菌的去离子水。然后,按照制造商(BioRad)的说明书,通过电穿孔法将10μg的DNA用于转化有感受态的巴斯德毕赤酵母细胞。使用含有150μg/ml Zeocin的板进行选择。使用线性化质粒的一次转化得到了数百个转化体。
为了测试重组酵母克隆对QC的表达,在含有2ml BMGY的10ml锥形管中培养重组体24h。然后,离心酵母,并将其重悬浮于含有0.5%甲醇的2ml BMMY中。在长达72h内,通过每24h添加甲醇保持此浓度。然后,测定上清液中的QC活性。使用抗体定向6x组氨酸标记(Qiagen),通过蛋白质印迹分析,确认融合蛋白的存在。选择表现出最高QC活性的克隆用于进一步的实验和发酵。
在发酵罐中大量表达
基本上按照″Pichia fermentation process guidelines″(Invitrogen)中所述,在5l反应器(Biostat B、B.Braun biotech)中,进行QC的表达。简言之,在补充有痕量盐并以甘油作为唯一碳源的发酵基础盐培养基(pH 5.5)中培养细胞。在约24h的首批阶段和随后约5h的补料分批阶段,积累细胞量。一旦细胞湿重达到200g/l,采用三步补料法,使用甲醇,在约60h的整个发酵时间内诱导QC表达。然后,通过在4℃以6000xg离心15min,从含有QC的上清液中除去细胞。通过加入NaOH将pH调节至6.8,并在4℃下以37000xg再次离心所得的混浊液40min。如果持续混浊,使用纤维素膜(孔宽0.45μm)进行额外的过滤步骤。
纯化在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达的6x组氨酸标记的QC
通过固定金属亲和色谱(IMAC)首次纯化了His-标记的QC。在典型的纯化中,将1000ml培养物上清液加至Ni2+-负载的螯合琼脂糖FF柱(1.6×20cm,Pharmacia)上,所述柱经含有750mM NaCl的pH 6.8的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液以5ml/min的流速平衡。在使用10个柱体积的平衡缓冲液和5个柱体积的含有5mM组氨酸的平衡缓冲液洗涤后,通过改用含有150mM NaCl和100mM组氨酸的pH 6.8的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱结合的蛋白。在4℃,使用pH 6.8的20mM Bis-Tris/HCl透析所得的洗脱液过夜。然后,通过阴离子交换色谱法,在用透析缓冲液平衡的Mono Q6柱(BioRad)上,进一步纯化QC。以4ml/min的流速将含有QC的部分加到柱上。然后,用含有100mM NaCl的平衡缓冲液洗涤脱。通过两个梯度进行洗脱,分别得到30个或5个柱体积的含有240mM和360mM NaCl的平衡缓冲液。收集各部分6m1,并通过SDS-PAGE分析纯度。合并含有同源QC的部分,并通过超滤浓缩。为了长期贮存(-20℃),加入甘油至终浓度50%。按照Bradford或者Gill和von Hippel的方法测定蛋白质含量(Bradford,M.M.1976 Anal Biochem 72,248-254;Gill,S.C.和von Hippel,P.H.1989 Anal Biochem 182,319-326.)。
OC在大肠杆菌中的表达和纯化
将编码QC的构建体(construct)转化入M15细胞(Qiagen),并在37℃,在选择性LB琼脂板上培养。在室温下,在含有1%葡萄糖和1%乙醇的LB培养基中,进行蛋白质表达。当培养物的OD600达到约0.8时,用0.1mM IPTG诱导表达过夜。在一个冷冻和解冻循环后,在4℃下,在含有300mM NaCl和2mM组氨酸的pH 8.0的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液中,通过加入2.5mg/ml的溶菌酶,溶解细胞约30min。通过在4℃下以37000xg离心30min,使溶液澄清,随后使用玻璃料过滤(DNA分离),以及针对粗品和细微沉淀使用纤维素过滤器额外进行两个过滤步骤。以1ml/min的流速将上清液(约500ml)加至Ni2+-亲和柱(1.6×20cm)上。用含有150mM NaCl和100mM组氨酸的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱QC。通过超滤浓缩含有QC的部分。
参照例2:MALDI-TOF质谱
使用带有线性飞行时间分析器的Voyager De-Pro(Applied Biosystems,Darmstadt),进行基质辅助激光解析/离子化质谱。该仪器配置有337nm氮激光、势能加速源和1.4m飞行管。检测器在正离子模式工作。将样品(5μl)与等体积的基质溶液混合。我们使用芥子酸作为基质溶液,其通过将20mg芥子酸(Sigma-Aldrich)溶于1ml乙腈/0.1%TFA的水溶液(1/1,v/v)中制得。将少量(≈1μl)的基质-分析物混合物转移至探针尖。
为了长期测试Glu1-环化,在30℃下,在pH 5.2的100μl 0.1M乙酸钠缓冲液,或pH 6.5的0.1M Bis-Tris缓冲液中,温育Aβ-衍生的肽。以0.5mM[Aβ3-11a]或者0.15mM[Aβ3-21a]的浓度施加肽,并在整个24小时内加入0.2U QC。对于Aβ3-21a,试样含有1%DMSO。在不同时间,从测试管中取样,按照制造商的建议,使用ZipTips(Millipore)萃取肽,与基质溶液(1∶1 v/v)混合,并随后记录质谱。阴性对照不含有QC或者含有热灭活的酶。对于抑制剂研究,除了加入抑制性化合物(5mM苯并咪唑或2mM1,10-菲咯啉)外,样品组成与上述相同。
实验例1:在哺乳动物细胞培养物中制备和表达人类MCP-1
细胞系和培养基
将人类神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y、人类胚胎肾细胞系HEK293和人类单核细胞细胞系THP-1,在37℃下于5% CO2(HEK293,THP-1)或10%CO2(SH-SY5Y)的潮湿气氛中,培养在适当的细胞培养基(对于SH-SY5Y和HEK293,DMEM,10%FBS)、(对于THP-1,RPMI1640,10%FBS)中。
分离人类MCP-1
使用RT-PCR从SH-SY5Y细胞中分离人类MCP-1的全长cDNA。通过SuperScript II(Invitrogen)反转录SH-SY5Y细胞的总RNA,随后使用引物hMCP-1-1(同义)和hMCP-1-2(反义),在具有Pfu-DNA-聚合酶(Promega)的25μl反应液中,在产生的cDNA产物(1∶12,5稀释度)上扩增人类MCP-1(表1)。使用HindIII和NotI限制位点,将所得的PCR-产物克隆至载体pcDNA3.1中,并通过DNA-测序确认其序列。
人类MCP-1的定点透变
缺失第一个氨基酸(ΔQ1)以及缺失第一和第二个氨基酸(ΔQ1P2)的成熟人类MCP-1,通过对于ΔQ1使用引物ΔQ1-1和ΔQ1-2(表1)和对于ΔQ1P2使用引物ΔQ1P2-1和ΔQ1P2-2(表1)进行定点诱变来产生。用Dpn I分解亲代DNA。将具有缺失ΔQ1和ΔQ1P2的成熟人类MCP-1的pcDNA 3.1质粒转化至大肠杆菌JM109中。通过测序确认氨苄西林抗性的克隆,随后使用EndoFree Maxi Kit(Qiagen)分离,以用于细胞培养。
在HEK293细胞中表达人类MCP-1的N-末端变体
为了表达人类MCP-1的N-末端变体,在涂有胶原蛋白I的6-孔培养皿中培养HEK293细胞,并培养至80%融合,按照制造商的说明书使用Lipofectamin2000(Invitrogen)转染,并在转染溶液中温育5小时。然后,使细胞在正常生长培养基中恢复过夜。第二天,在生长培养基中再温育细胞24h。为了分析QC抑制的效力,在不存在或存在特定抑制剂的条件下温育细胞24h。24h后,收集含有人类MCP-1变体的培养基,并在迁移测定中研究趋化能力。此外,在-80℃贮存细胞培养物上清液的等分试样,以使用人类MCP-1-ELISA(Pierce)定量人类MCP-1的浓度。
TransWell趋化性测定
使用孔径为5μm的24孔TransWell板(Corning)进行趋化性测定。使用含有在HEK293中表达的人类MCP-1变体的培养基作为化学引诱物。为此,将600μl的N-末端人类MCP-1变体的培养基(未稀释的或者在RPMI1640中稀释度为1∶3、1∶10和1∶30)加至TransWell板的下室。此外,将用载体对照转染的HEK293细胞的未稀释培养基作为阴性对照加至下室。收集THP-1细胞,并以1×106细胞/100μl的浓度重悬浮于RPMI1640中,然后将100μl的等分试样加至上室。在37℃下,使细胞向化学引诱物迁移2h。然后,弃去来自上室的细胞,并使下室与50μl 70mM EDTA的PBS溶液混合,然后在37℃下温育15min以释放粘附于膜上的细胞。随后,使用细胞计数系统(System)计数迁移至下室的细胞。通过迁移至刺激物的细胞除以迁移至阴性对照的细胞计算趋化指数。
实验例2:研究人类MCP-1(1-76)的蛋白降解
方法
通过重组人类DP4进行的N-末端降解
将在上文实验例1中得到的,始于N-末端谷氨酰胺的由核苷酸序列(如在序列号:2中所示)编码的全长重组人类MCP-1(1-76)(序列号:1)(Peprotech),以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl。MCP-1溶液或者在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)(按照上文的参照例1得到,序列号:3对应于核苷酸序列,序列号:4对应于氨基酸序列)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和重组人类DP4(0.0012mg/ml)一起温育(参见图1),或者在未预先施加QC的情况下和DP4一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得DP4切割产物。
通过人类类风湿性滑膜成纤维细胞MMP-1进行的N-末端降解
将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基而不是焦谷氨酰基残基的人类重组MCP-1(Peprotech)以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl。在37℃,在10∶1的APMA∶酶混合物中,使用溶于0.1N NaOH中的25mM对氨基苯基乙酸汞(APMA)将来自人类类风湿性滑膜成纤维细胞的MMP-1酶原(Calbiochem)活化3h。MCP-1或者在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和MMP-1一起温育,或者在未预先施加QC的情况下和MMP-1一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的MMP-1切割产物。
通过人类类风湿性滑膜成纤维细胞MMP-1和重组人类DP4进行的N-末
端降解
将始于N-末端谷氨酰胺的人类重组MCP-1(Peprotech)以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl。使用溶于0.1N NaOH中的25mM对氨基苯基乙酸汞(APMA),活化来自人类类风湿性滑膜成纤维细胞的MMP-1酶原(Calbiochem)。在37℃,温育10∶1的APMA∶酶混合物3h。MCP-1溶液或者在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和MMP-1及DP4一起温育,或者在未使用QC的情况下和MMP-1及DP4一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的MMP-1切割产物。
实验例3:QC特异性抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐(在下文中也称为QCI)对袖管诱导的ApoE3*Leiden小鼠急进性动脉粥样硬化的效力
时间轴
在手术安置套管前,给30只雄性ApoE3*Leiden小鼠(12周龄)饲喂3周轻度高胆固醇血症的饮食。
3周后,对小鼠进行手术安置非压缩性袖管(第0天),并将其分成匹配血浆胆固醇水平的2组。小鼠或者接受对照(酸化的)饮用水,或者接受含有浓度为2.4-mg/ml的QC特异性抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐的饮用水。治疗开始后的7天,将抑制剂浓度减至1.2mg/ml。2天后处死各组中的5只小鼠以分析单核细胞粘附和侵润,2周后处死10只小鼠用于组织形态学分析,以定量对急进性动脉粥样硬化病变和新内膜形成的抑制。
安置袖管的手术步骤
手术时,通过腹膜内注射5mg/kg Dormicum、0.5mg/kg Domitor和0.05mg/kg芬太尼,麻醉小鼠。这种混合物产生至少一小时的完全麻醉,并可以用Antisedan 2.5mg/kg和Anexate 0.5mg/kg快速消除麻醉。
在腿内侧切开纵向长1cm的切口,并切开股动脉3mm长(从股神经和股静脉计)。用绷带使股动脉成环,将非压缩性细孔聚乙烯管(0.4mm内径,0.8mm外径,长度2mm)纵向打开,并松弛地套在股动脉周围。用两个绷带结闭合袖管。使用连续缝合闭合皮肤。
手术后,消除动物麻醉,并将其置于取暖垫上的干净笼中若干小时。
处死动物
为了组织学分析,在安置袖管后2天或者14天处死动物。麻醉后,打开胸腔,通过心脏穿刺,用4%甲醛进行3分钟的轻度压力灌注(100mmHg)。灌注后,在腿内侧切开纵向2cm的切口,并切除整个带有袖管的股动脉,在4%甲醛中固定过夜,进行石蜡加工。
分析单核细胞粘附和MCP-1表达
通过显微镜分析安置袖管2天后获得的横截面,来分析白细胞(整体上)和单核细胞/巨噬细胞(具体地)对带有袖管的血管壁的活化内皮的粘附。计数被鉴别为血管片段管腔侧的粘附细胞的粘附和/或侵润的白细胞(整体上)和单核细胞/巨噬细胞(具体地)的数目,并表示为细胞/横切面或者定义为面积/横切面。通过用识别单核细胞和巨噬细胞的多克隆兔AIA31240抗体进行特异性免疫组织化学染色来鉴别单核细胞。此外,在这些切片上还进行MCP-1的特异性免疫组织化学染色。
分析血管重构和急进性动脉粥样硬化
在14天后处死的所有小鼠中,采用形态计量法分析血管壁重构、急进性动脉粥样硬化和新内膜形成。针对所有相关的血管壁参数(新内膜形成、血管周长(即外向性重构(outward remodeling))、中膜厚度、管腔狭窄),在两组间进行完全对比。通过用AIA31240抗体对受损面积内的巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞进行免疫组织化学染色,来分析急进性动脉粥样硬化。而且,也对这些切片进行MCP-1染色。
实验例4:由二肽基肽酶4(DP4)、氨肽酶P和存在于人类血清中的蛋白酶进行的人类MCP-1(1-76)蛋白降解
通过重组人类氨肽酶P进行的N-末端降解
将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基而不是焦谷氨酰基残基的人类重组MCP-1(Peprotech)以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl中。
在30℃,MCP-1和30μg/ml氨肽酶P(R&D Systems)一起温育。Gln1-MCP-1在未经pGlu-修饰的情况下使用,或者在30℃和重组人类QC(6μg/ml)一起预温育3h,以产生pGlu。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的氨肽酶P切割产物。
在不存在和存在OC特异件抑制剂的条件下,通过重组人类DP4进行的
MCP-1 N-末端降解
将在上文实验例1中得到的,始于N-末端谷氨酰胺的由核苷酸序列(如在序列号:2中所示)编码的重组人类MCP-1(1-76)(序列号:1)(Peprotech),以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl。MCP-1溶液在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)(按照上文的参照例1得到)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和重组人类DP4(0.0012mg/ml)一起温育(参见图1),或者在未预先施加QC的情况下和DP4一起温育。此外,在10μM的1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐存在下,Gln1-MCP-1和重组人类QC一起进行温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h和4h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的DP4切割产物。
人类MCP-1在人类血清中的N-末端降解
将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基而不是焦谷氨酰基残基的人类重组MCP-1(Peprotech)以100μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl中。MCP-1在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和人类血清一起温育,或者在未添加QC的情况下和人类血清一起温育。对于Gln1-MCP-1,在0min、10min、30min、1h、2h、3h 5h和7h后,对于pGlu1-MCP-1,在0min、30min、1h、2h、3h、5h、7h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的切割产物。
实验例5:人类MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4的降解
通过DP4进行的人类MCP-2 N-末端降解
将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基而不是焦谷氨酰基残基的人类重组MCP-2(Peprotech)以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl中。MCP-2在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和重组人类DP4(0.0012mg/ml)一起温育,或者在未和QC一起预温育的情况下和重组人类DP4(0.0012mg/ml)一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的DP4切割产物。
通过DP4进行的人类MCP-3 N-末端降解
将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基而不是焦谷氨酰基残基的人类重组MCP-3(Peprotech)以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl中。MCP-3在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和重组人类DP4(0.0012mg/ml)一起温育,或者在未预先施加QC的情况下和重组人类DP4(0.0012mg/ml)一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的DP4切割产物。
通过DP4进行的人类MCP-4 N-末端降解
将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基而不是焦谷氨酰基残基的人类重组MCP-4(Peprotech)以10μg/ml的浓度溶于pH 7.6的25mM Tris/HCl中。MCP-4在30℃和重组人类QC(0.0006mg/ml)一起预温育3h,并随后在30℃和重组人类DP4(0.00006mg/ml)一起温育,或者在未预先施加QC的情况下和重组人类DP4(0.00006mg/ml)一起温育。在0min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h和24h后,使用Maldi-TOF质谱分析所得的DP4切割产物。
实验例6:人类MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3、MCP-4的不同N-末端变体的趋化能力
人类MCP-1的N-末端变体的趋化能力
始于谷氨酰胺1的MCP-1(Gln1-MCP-1)(Peprotech)和(i)重组人类QC一起温育以产生pGlu1-MCP-1,和(ii)人类重组DP4一起温育以产生Asp3-MCP-1,和(iii)人类滑膜成纤维细胞MMP-1一起温育以产生Ile5-MCP-1,和人类重组氨肽酶P一起温育以产生Pro2-MCP-1。使用THP-1趋化性测定(n=3)测试浓度为1、5、10、50、100、500和1000ng/ml的所产生的MCP-1变体。
在不存在和存在QC抑制剂的条件下,人类MCP-1的趋化能力
带有N-末端谷氨酰胺的MCP-1(Gln1-MCP-1)(Peprotech)与重组人类QC和DP4一起温育(Gln1-MCP-1+QC+DP4)、和单独的人类重组DP4一起温育(Gln1-MCP+DP4)、与重组人类QC和10μM QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐和DP4一起温育(Gln1-MCP-1+QC+QCI+DP4)。使用趋化性测定(n=3)测试浓度为1、5、10、50、100、500和1000ng/ml的所产生的MCP-1变体。
对比具有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基或焦谷氨酰基残基的人类MCP-1、MCP-
2、MCP-3和MCP-4的变体的趋化能力
测试带有N-末端谷氨酰胺(Peprotech)或焦谷氨酰基残基的人类MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4(在30℃,各Gln1-MCP以1∶100稀释度和人类重组QC一起温育2h)的趋化能力。使用趋化性测定(n=3)测试浓度为1、5、10、50、100、500和1000ng/ml的具体MCP。
具有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基残基的人类MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-
4的变体与各自的DP4切割产物的趋化能力的对比
将始于N-末端谷氨酰胺的人类MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4(Peprotech)直接用于趋化性测定,并与MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4的DP4切割产物的趋化能力进行对比。为了产生DP4切割产物,在测定前,各MCP以1∶100稀释度和人类重组DP4在30℃一起温育2h。使用趋化性测定(n=3)测试浓度为1、5、10、50、100、500和1000ng/ml的具体MCP。
实验例7:对LPS诱导的败血症模型大鼠施用QC抑制剂
制备
使用0.9%(w/v)的盐水,以需要的最高浓度配制QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。通过使用0.9%(w/v)的盐水进行系列稀释,得到较低的剂量。
此外,使用0.9%(w/v)盐水配制LPS的储备溶液(1mg/mL),并使用0.9%(w/v)盐水将其稀释以提供需要的浓度用于给药。
浓度
以抑制剂的量表示剂量水平,所述抑制剂在不考虑纯度或活性物含量的情况下给药。
物种
雄性Han Wistar大鼠来自Charles River(UK)Ltd.,Margate,Kent。
适应环境和健康规程
到达时,检查所有动物的疾病。在给药前,使动物适应环境至少5天。在此期间,按照它们的笼子标签识别动物。在任何实验步骤开始之前,进行兽医学检查以确保它们适合用于研究。
实验设计
该研究经两天完成(各治疗组每天5只动物)。
除了当将动物从饲养笼中取出用于研究步骤时,食物和水可随意获得。在给药LPS前3.5小时和0.5小时,使用恒定给药体积2mL/kg缓慢推注,使各只动物接受两次单独的静脉内给药安慰剂或低剂量、中等剂量和高剂量(表2)的QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲。
在最后一次给药安慰剂或测试品后30分钟,动物各自接受腹膜内注射LPS或盐水,使用恒定给药体积5mL/kg。
个体的给药体积是基于给药当天得到的个体体重。在表2中描述了该研究中使用的治疗组。
取样和TNFα测定
在LPS后第2小时,采集末梢血样品。
在4℃,以2300xg离心血样10分钟,随后分析TNFα。使用定量夹心酶免疫分析法分析样品。
实验例8:在巯基乙酸盐诱导的腹膜炎小鼠模型中评价QC抑制剂
动物
各实验中的C57/B16J野生型小鼠购自Charles River Laboratories Inc。各实验中的小鼠是年龄匹配和性别匹配的。
巯基乙酸盐诱导的腹膜炎的诱导
为了诱导腹膜炎,用25ml/kg体重的无菌8%(w/v)巯基乙酸盐(Sigma-Aldrich;时间:t=0)向小鼠腹膜内注射(i.p.)。在施用巯基乙酸盐之前和之后的不同时间点,用各种浓度的QC抑制剂向小鼠i.p注射。使用2%异氟烷麻醉动物以进行腹腔灌注。注射巯基乙酸盐后,在时间点(第4、24小时),通过用8ml的无菌磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)清洗腹膜来收集腹膜渗出液。然后,离心洗出液以使细胞成团,染色用于FACS分析。
使用FACS-分析法分析收集的渗出液的细胞组成
按照制造商的说明书,染色样品,用于BD Trucount管(BD Trucounttubes;catalog no.340334;BD Biosciences)。用CD16/32(Caltag)将细胞封闭,并用以下抗体染色15min:CD3-FITC(Caltag)/CD13-PE(BD)/F4/80-APC(Caltag);Moma2-FITC(Acris)和IgG1-PE(BD)/IgG2a-APC(Caltag)作为同型对照。染色后,在室温下于黑暗中,用BD FACSLyse(BD)溶解细胞15min。在BD FACSCalibur(BD Biosciences)上,以5000珠/样品进行流式细胞计数分析,作为参照标准。
结果
在哺乳动物细胞培养物中制备和表达人类MCP-1
扩增来自人类神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y RNA的人类MCP-1,得到300bp的PCR产物。测序分离的cDNA,表明编码半胱氨酸35的密码子105的静寂单核苷酸多态性。
如通过人类MCP-1ELISA所监测到的,在HEK293中表达人类MCP-1变体致使细胞培养物上清液中水平升高。因此,MCP-1(WT)和MCP-1(ΔQ1)之间的水平(图5C),以及MCP-1(WT)在不存在或存在10μM 1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐的情况下的水平(图7A),都没有显著变化。然而,MCP-1(ΔQ1P2)的表达与MCP-1(WT)相比降低了28%。收集上清液,并施用于TransWell迁移测定中(在此方面参见图4和5C和D)。
TransWell趋化性测定
纯化的人类MCP-1显示出钟形的趋化性剂量反应曲线,当吸引例如单核细胞时,表明最适条件在约1-50ng/ml。因此,依次地稀释所得的含有MCP 1变体的细胞培养物上清液,以达到MCP-1的最佳工作浓度,用于吸引THP-1单核细胞的趋化性测定。
表达MCP-1(WT)和MCP-1(ΔQ1)后,MCP-1变体的浓度没有显著性区别(图5C)。MCP-1(WT)用于趋化性测定,产生THP-1细胞的趋化反应(图5D),通过趋化指数升高表现出来。但是,MCP-1(ΔQ1)没能诱导THP-1的趋化性(图5D),通过趋化指数接近1表现出来。这些结果支持之前的结果,即N-截断的MCP-1是无活性的。通过MCP-1(ΔQ1P2)不能诱导THP-1细胞的趋化性(图6B)进一步证明了此发现。在不存在或存在趋化细胞因子(趋化因子)的情况下,在HEK293细胞中表达MCP-1(WT)对MCP-1的浓度没有影响。然而,以稀释度1∶3和1∶10施用趋化因子使得THP 1细胞的趋化性显著降低(图7B)。这表明,QC特异性抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐阻止了MCP-1(WT)的N-末端pGlu形成,并因此,通过N-末端蛋白降解或通过仅仅阻止pGlu形成将MCP-1(WT)灭活。
研究人类MCP-1
(1-76)
的蛋白降解
在循环中,MCP-1被N-末端pGlu残基保护,这赋予了对抗被氨肽酶例如DP4进行N-末端切割的能力。因为给药QC抑制剂,未被保护的N-末端易于被DP4切割。N-末端截断继而导致人类MCP-1灭活(图5和6)。MMP-1通过切割4个N-末端氨基酸(pE/Q-P-D-A),灭活成熟的MCP-1。该反应与N-末端pGlu残基的存在无关。此过程反映了在循环内灭活MCP-1的情况。已表明所得切割产物MCP1(5-76)存在于血浆中,并类似于天然存在的CCR2受体拮抗剂。本实验表明这样的发现,即,就N-末端谷氨酰胺残基而言MMP-1切割略微更快(图2A:2h、4h对比图2B:2h、4h)。而且,带有N-末端Gln残基的人类MCP-1(图3A)和人类DP4和人类MMP-1一起温育,与pGlu-MCP-1相比,表现出加速降解(图3B)。
总之,结果表明N-末端pGlu形成代表保护机制,该保护机制赋予对抗后脯氨酸切割酶例如DP4、氨肽酶的N-末端降解,以及如有关MMP-1的结果所表现出来的,还在某种程度上对抗内切蛋白酶。通过施用QC抑制剂阻止N-末端pGlu形成,致使更快地灭活人类MCP-1。
分析ApoE3
*
Leiden小鼠的血管重构和急进性动脉粥样硬化
袖管诱导的ApoE3*Leiden小鼠急进性动脉粥样硬化的治疗,对血管片段外径内的总面积无影响(图8A),并对剩余管腔无统计学上显著的影响(图8B),但是可以观察到剩余管腔的稍微增加。然而,1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐显示出对管腔狭窄百分比的显著降低(降低40%)(图9A),和新内膜形成面积的显著降低(降低45%)(图9B)。两个数值都是统计学上显著的。而且,此抑制剂也降低中膜的面积(图10A)和内膜/中膜比率(图10B),但是内膜/中膜比值的降低无统计学显著性(P<0.102)。
分析在特定血管壁层中的细胞组成,表明2天和14天后,平滑肌细胞和巨噬细胞/泡沫细胞的相对分布对中膜和外膜的组成无差别(图15)。虽然本领域技术人员可能因为1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐影响MCP-1并因此影响单核细胞吸引,推测对血管壁中的单核细胞/巨噬细胞含量有更特异性的影响,但应注意到MCP-1也直接影响平滑肌细胞增殖,这近来已被发现并发表在Schepers,A.2006 Arterioscler ThrombVasc Biol.26,2063-2069。
分析单核细胞粘附和MCP-1表达
使用1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐治疗轻度高胆固醇血症ApoE3*Leiden小鼠(血浆胆固醇水平12-15mM),2天后导致总粘附细胞的显著降低了45%(p<0.05)。具体分析粘附的单核细胞,表明对经治疗的带有袖管的血管片段有达67%的更明显降低(p<0.05)(图11)。
手术2天后,即所用模型中MCP-1表达增加达最高时,用1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐治疗的小鼠的血管片段内MCP-1的表达被降低(图12、13A、14A)。这些结果表明,当给药1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐时,血管损伤后的早期,在血管壁片段的中膜和内膜内(即在内弹性膜内)都可以检测到损伤内MCP-1表达降低。分析横截面中MCP-1阳性的相对面积,表明在中膜中MCP 1表达减少52%(P=0.01),在内膜中减少36%(P=0.001)(图14A)。分析MCP-1阳性的绝对面积(以μm2阳性/横截面表示)表明相似的MCP-1表达减少——在中膜(41%减少,p=0.09)和在内膜(40%减少,p=0.05),但是在中膜内的减少无统计学显著性(t-检验)(图13A)。
在后期的时间点第14天,当新内膜形成/急进性动脉粥样硬化已进展时,在中膜或者新内膜中,总MCP-1表达低于早期时间点所观察到的结果,而且相反地,没有检测到MCP-1表达的降低(图13B、14B),表明1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐的效力仅在MCP-1的强诱导之时。
总之,这些数据表明口服给药1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐对ApoE3*Leiden袖管模型的介入后血管重构和急进性动脉粥样硬化具有有利功效。
通过人类氨肽酶和人类血清以及QC特异性抑制剂进行的人类MCP-1
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蛋白降解
为了进一步说明QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐对产生N-末端pGlu残基的效力以及其随后对蛋白水解稳定性的影响,将带有N-末端谷氨酰胺(图17A)或N-末端焦谷氨酸(图17B)的人类MCP-1和DP4一起温育。N-末端pGlu形成通过使前体和人类QC一起预温育来实现,反映了生理学的成熟过程。正如所料,在未与人类QC一起预温育的情况下,MCP-1易于被DP4切割(图17A)。相反地,与人类QC一起预温育,导致形成N-末端pGlu残基,并因此导致它对抗DP4切割(图17B)。此外,在QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐存在下,人类MCP-1和人类QC一起预温育,致使抑制QC,并因此阻止pGlu-MCP-1形成。通过1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐阻止pGlu-MCP-1形成,又使得MCP-1肽易于被DP4切割(图17C)。因此,抑制QC导致MCP-1的N-末端在体外和体内去稳定化。
类似于人类MCP-1被DP4 N-末端截断,Gln1-MCP-1和重组人类氨肽酶P一起温育致使切割未被保护的N-末端。因而,氨肽酶P在N-末端氨基酸Gln1和Pro2之间剪切,并释放出N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基残基(图16A)。然而,Gln1-MCP-1和人类QC一起预温育致使N-末端pGlu残基形成,并因此防止氨肽酶P切割(图16B)。因此,形成N-末端pGlu残基也是对抗氨肽酶P切割和对抗假定地所有其它的脯氨酸特异性氨肽酶的切割的保护机制。
为了进一步研究人类MCP-1的蛋白水解稳定性,通过使MCP-1和纯化的蛋白酶一起温育得到数据,这些数据通过使人类MCP-1和人类血清一起温育得到证明。人类Gln1-MCP-1和人类血清一起温育表明了N-末端截断底物,并释放出前2个氨基酸(Gln1Pro2)。此外,血浆中的QC活性和N-末端蛋白酶解竞争,并稳定MCP-1,终止在最终比率为约60%截断的Asp3-MCP-1和40%全长pGlu1-MCP-1(图18A)。而且,人类MCP-1和人类QC一起预温育导致形成N-末端pGlu残基,并因此稳定人类MCP-1。至少在选定的时间范围和血浆稀释液中,没有观察到pGlu1-MCP-1的降解(图18B)。此外,在9.6μM的DP4抑制剂异亮氨酰基噻唑烷的存在下,在血清中温育MCP-1,也阻止N-末端降解,证明了在人类血清中MCP-1被DP4或DP4样活性降解(图18C)。
人类MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4的蛋白降解
类似于人类MCP-1的N-末端降解,研究了其它人类MCP,即MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4对被DP4N-末端截断的敏感性。如同在之前MCP-1中观察到的,N-末端pGlu残基阻止DP4对MCP-2(图19B)、MCP-3(图20B)和MCP-4(图21B)蛋白降解。但是,如同Gln1-MCP-2(图19A)、Gln1-MCP-3(图20A)和Gln1-MCP-4(图21A)所显示的,始于N-末端谷氨酰胺的未环化变体易于被DP4截断。因此,N-末端pGlu-残基使所有MCP稳定,对抗被氨肽酶如DP4的截断。因此,显示出的这样的概念,即,降低体内QC活性以引起转换(turnover)加速和趋化性减小以及受体活化,适用于MCP家族的所有成员。
人类MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3、MCP-4的不同N-末端变体的趋化能力
为了研究MCP-1的不同N-末端变体对吸引人类THP-1单核细胞的能力的影响,在体外趋化性测定中,测试了Gln1-MCP-1、pGlu1-MCP-1、氨肽酶P切割产物Pro2-MCP-1、DP4切割产物Asp3-MCP-1和MMP-1切割产物Ile5-MCP-1。发现,在吸引THP-1单核细胞方面,带有N-末端谷氨酰胺酰基或焦谷氨酰基残基的全长MCP-1效力相等,最大反应在50ng/ml和100ng/ml之间。相反地,MCP-1被氨肽酶P截断(Pro2-MCP-1)和被DP4截断(Asp3-MCP-1),致使各个变体丧失效力。剂量-反应曲线转变至更高的引起最大反应所需的浓度,这相当于通过N-末端截断灭活MCP-1。MMP-1切割产物(Ile5-MCP-1)具有与Glu1-MCP-1和pGlu1-MCP-1相等的最大反应,其在50ng/ml和100ng/ml之间,然而,与全长MCP-1相比,迁移至此变体的细胞的数量,即趋化能力,更低(图22)。
为了进一步研究QC在稳定MCP-1中的作用和它对THP-1单核细胞迁移的影响,使Gln1-MCP-1和人类DP4一起温育。在平行样品中,在施用DP4前,使MCP-1和人类QC一起预温育。正如所料,得到的剂量-反应曲线表明pGlu1-MCP-1的蛋白水解稳定性,其由在50-100ng/ml的最大反应反映。相反地,在不存在QC的情况下,Gln1-MCP-1被DP4截断,这致使剂量-反应曲线向更高的引起最大反应所需的MCP-1浓度(500-1000ng/ml)转移。此外,Gln1-MCP-1和QC以及QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐一起预温育,阻止pGlu形成,并因此使肽易被DP4切割,正如通过剂量-反应曲线与pGlu1-MCP-1相比向较高MCP-1浓度转移(图23)所观察到的。因此,通过被DP4降解,抑制QC致使MCP-1的N-末端去稳定化,并因此导致其在单核细胞趋化活性方面无活性。
此外,研究了具有N-末端谷氨酰胺或焦谷氨酸的MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4吸引人类THP-1单核细胞的能力。类似于MCP-1,与各自的谷氨酰胺前体相比,在MCP-2和MCP-3的N-末端形成pGlu对能力无影响。但是,对于MCP-4,pGlu形成稍微增加肽的能力(图24)。但是,因为谷氨酰胺酰基前体被DP4切割(图19、20、21),还使用趋化性测定研究了MCP-2、MCP-3和MCP-4的N-截断的DP4切割产物的能力。对于全部的三种变体,截断2个氨基酸致使部分地灭活趋化因子(图25)。因此,在所有已知的MCP的N-末端形成pGlu,不仅阻止N-末端截断,而且阻止丧失趋化能力。所示通过抑制N-末端成熟以减小MCP-1活性的方法,因此适用于人类MCP家族的所有成员。
向LPS诱导的败血症模型大鼠施用QC抑制剂
为了研究1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐的一般抗炎性质,对LPS诱导的败血症模型大鼠施用抑制剂。作为引发炎性反应的标志,细胞因子TNFα的水平根据QC抑制剂治疗来测定。如图26中所述,施用1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐,导致TNFα水平在低剂量(5mg/kg)至中等剂量(20mg/kg)范围内呈剂量依赖性地降低。此外,最高剂量(80mg/kg)也降低血浆中的TNFα水平,但是,与中等剂量相比,观察到少量增加。因此,施用QC抑制剂能够显著地降低炎性反应,在此以TNFα为例说明。实验表明,虽然QC抑制剂的效力对MCP的N-末端去稳定化高度特异,灭活这些趋化因子对其它炎症参数如TNFα也具有影响。因此,抑制其它促炎细胞因子是所示的MCP去稳定化概念的进一步结果。因此,此方法适合于开发用于具有不同程度MCP作用的不同炎症的药物。
向巯基乙酸盐诱导的腹膜炎模型小鼠施用QC抑制剂
为了进一步研究QC抑制剂给药对体内免疫细胞迁移的影响,将1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐施用于巯基乙酸盐诱导的腹膜炎模型小鼠。在负荷巯基乙酸盐后4h和24h,测定腹腔灌洗液的细胞组成,特别关注侵润的单核细胞。如图27中所示,4h后,QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐剂量依赖性地减少侵润到腹膜内的单核细胞数量。此外,施用巯基乙酸盐后24h,评价Moma2-阳性单核细胞/巨噬细胞的存在。如图28中所示,QC抑制剂1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐也显著地降低Moma2-阳性细胞的数量。因此,在体内抑制QC使MCP的N-末端不稳定。
实验证明通过QC抑制的MCP去稳定化的适用性可以观察治疗效果。作为若干炎症例如但不局限于动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄的一般特征的单核细胞动员被抑制了。因此,实验提供了描述QC抑制剂它们在不同炎症中的适用性的方法。
表1:使用的引物
引物 | 序列(5’→3’) | 用途 | 序列号 |
hMCP-1-1 | ATAT AAGCTT ATGAAAGTCTCTGCCGCCCTTC | 分离人类MCP-1 | 5 |
hMCP-1-2 | ATAT GCGGCCGC TCAAGTCTTCGGAGTTTGGG | 分离人类MCP-1 | 6 |
ΔQ1-1 | CATTCCCCAAGGGCTCGCTCCAGATGCAATCAA | 定点诱变ΔQ1 | 7 |
TGCC | |||
ΔQ1-2 | GGCATTGATTGCATCTGGAGCGAGCCCTTGGGGAATG | 定点诱变ΔQ1 | 8 |
ΔQ1P2-1 | CATTCCCCAAGGGCTCGCTGATGCAATCAATGCCCCAG | 定点诱变ΔQ1P2 | 9 |
ΔQ1P2-2 | CTGGGGCATTGATTGCATCAGCGAGCCCTTGGGGAATG | 定点诱变ΔQ1P2 | 10 |
表2:在LPS诱导的败血症大鼠中给药QC抑制剂
QC抑制剂的合成
合成路线1:实施例1-53、96-102、136-137的合成
试剂和条件:(a)NaH、DMF、4h、室温;(b)、8h、100℃;(c)H2N-NH2、EtOH、8h、回流然后4N HCl、6h、回流、(d)R3-NCO、EtOH、6h、回流、(e)3,4-二甲氧基苯基异硫氰酸酯,
合成路线2:实施例54-95的合成
试剂和条件:(a)R-NCS、EtOH、6h、回流;(b)WSCD、1H-咪唑-1-丙胺、DMF、2h、室温
合成路线3:实施例103-105的合成
试剂和条件:(a)NaH、DMF、室温、3h;(b)LiAlH4、二氧六环、回流、1h;(c)R-NCS、EtOH、回流6h,
合成路线4:实施例106-109的合成
试剂和条件:(a)EtOH、2h、回流
合成路线5:实施例110-112的合成
试剂和条件:(a)1H-咪唑-1-丙胺、三乙胺、甲苯、12h、回流
合成路线6:实施例113-132的合成
试剂和条件:(a)CAIBE、1H-咪唑-1-丙胺、二氧六环、0℃、12h;(b)Lawesson试剂、EtOH、回流、8h
合成路线7:实施例133-135的合成
试剂和条件:(a)1H-咪唑-1-丙酰氯、CH2Cl2、-10℃、1h;(b)Lawesson试剂、二氧六环、回流、8h
合成路线8:实施例138的合成
试剂和条件:(a)EtOH、回流、8h
合成路线9:实施例139的合成
试剂和条件:(a)75%浓H2SO4、4h
合成路线10:实施例140的合成
试剂和条件:(a)乙腈、回流2h
合成路线11:实施例141的合成
试剂和条件:(a)NaH、DMF、4h、室温;(b)、8h、100℃;(c)H2N-NH2,EtOH、8h、回流然后4N HCl、6h、回流、(d)3,4-二甲氧基苯基异硫氰酸酯、EtOH、6h、回流
分析条件
ESI-质谱是使用SCIEX API 365波谱仪(Perkin Elmer)得到的。1H-NMR(500MHz)数据在BRUKER AC 500上记录,使用DMSO-D6作为溶剂。化学位移表达为自四甲基硅烷向低场方向位移的百万分比。分裂谱图指定如下:s(单峰)、d(双峰)、dd(双重双峰)、t(三重峰)、m(多重峰)和br(宽峰信号)。
合成详述
实施例1-12和14-53
在乙醇中于回流下,使1H-咪唑-1-丙胺与相应的异硫氰酸酯反应8h。之后,除去溶剂,并将剩余的油溶于二氯甲烷。用饱和的NaHCO3溶液洗涤有机层二次,随后用NaHSO4和盐水洗涤,干燥,然后蒸发。从乙酸乙酯中重结晶剩余的固体,以80-98%的收率得到该实施例的硫脲。
实施例13
1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
将4.0mmol 3,4-二甲氧基苯基异硫氰酸酯和4.0mmol 3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)烷基-1-胺溶于10mL无水乙醇。在回流下搅拌2h后,蒸发溶剂,并从乙醇中重结晶所得的固体。
收率:0.66g(51.3%);mp:160.0-161.0℃
1H NMR δ1.8-2.0(m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.75(s,6H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.7-6.8(m,1H),6.9(br m,2H),6.95(s,1H),7.15(s,1H),7.55(br s,1H),7.6(s,1H),9.3(s,1H);MS m/z 321.2(M+H),253.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例96-102
在乙醇中于回流下,使1H-咪唑-1-丙胺与相应的异氰酸酯反应8h。之后,除去溶剂,并将剩余的油溶于二氯甲烷中。用饱和的NaHCO3溶液洗涤有机层两次,随后用NaHSO4和盐水洗涤,干燥,然后蒸发。从乙酸乙酯中重结晶剩余的固体,以85-90%的收率得到该实施例的脲。
实施例136、137
按照文献,从-溴烷基邻苯二甲酰亚胺和咪唑鎓盐和随后的肼解作用制备1H-咪唑-1-烷基胺。按照实施例1-53将所得产物转化为硫脲,得到收率88%(实施例136)和95%(实施例137)。
实施例54-95
通过在室温下,在干燥的二甲基甲酰胺中,由相应的硫脲通过与水可溶性的碳二亚胺(WSCD)和1H-咪唑-1-丙胺反应2h来制备所有的实施例,以收率40-87%得到三取代的胍。
实施例103-105
在室温下,使用1当量的NaH,使咪唑与相应的溴甲基苯基氰化物在DMF中反应3h,得到1H-咪唑-1-甲基苯基氰化物。除去溶剂,然后将所得的油再溶于二氧六环中。使用1当量的LiAlH4将该氰化物转化为相应的胺。加入饱和的KHSO4溶液后,蒸发二氧六环,用CHCl3萃取水层。真空浓缩有机层,按照实施例1-53将该胺转化为相应的硫脲,得到收率78%(实施例103)和65%(实施例104)以及81%(实施例105)。
实施例106-109
按照对实施例136-137中的胺的描述,从相应的甲磺酸-2-甲基丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺合成这些胺。按照实施例1-53将所得产物转化为硫脲,以总收率25-30%得到实施例106-109。
实施例110-112
在130℃的温度下,在甲苯中使1H-咪唑-1-丙胺与相应的2-氯苯并[d]噻唑反应24h。除去溶剂并从甲醇中重结晶后,以55-65%的收率得到实施例110-112。
实施例113-118、120-124和126-132
在0℃的温度下,在干燥的二氧六环中,通过加入1当量的CAIBE和N-甲基吗啉使1H-咪唑-1-丙胺与相应的2-苯基乙酸反应。2h后,使此混合物温热至室温并搅拌此混合物12h。除去溶剂后,将所得的油再溶于二氯甲烷中,然后用NaHCO3的水溶液和水洗涤有机层,干燥,蒸发溶剂。将剩余的油溶于二氧六环,加入Lawesson试剂。搅拌12h后,加入饱和的NaHCO3溶液。蒸发二氧六环,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。分出有机层,干燥,蒸发溶剂。从乙酰乙酸酯/乙醚中结晶剩余的固体,以总收率62-85%得到113-118、120-124和126-132。
实施例119
N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫代乙酰胺
将4.0mmol三乙胺和4.0mmol 3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)烷基-1-胺在20mL二氧六环中的混合物滴加入4.0mmol 2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰氯在30mL二氧六环中的冰冷却的搅拌溶液中。使此混合物温热至室温,然后搅拌1h。减压除去溶剂后,将此剩余物再溶于50mL二氯甲烷中。用30mL饱和NaHCO3水溶液和水洗涤有机层。干燥有机溶液,过滤,然后减压除去溶剂。再溶于50mL干燥的二氧六环中后,加入2.2mmol Lawesson试剂,然后加热混合物至90℃并搅拌8h。减压除去溶剂,然后将剩余物再溶于50mL二氯甲烷中。用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤有机层三次,随后用水洗涤三次,干燥,过滤,然后除去有机溶剂。使用离心力色谱装置(HarrisonResearch Ltd.),用层厚为2mm的硅胶板,通过色谱法纯化化合物,用CHCl3/MeOH梯度作为洗脱体系。
收率:0.14g(10.6%);熔点:148.0-150.0℃
1H NMR δ2.0-2.15(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.7(s,6H),6.75-6.8(m,2H),4.1-4.2(m,2H),6.8-6.9(m,2H),6.95-7.0(m,1H),7.4(s,1H),7.75-7.85(br m,1H),8.6(s,1H),10.2(s,1H);MS m/z 320.2(M+H),252.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例125
N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)环丙烷硫代酰胺
将11.06mmol 3,4-二甲氧基苯基乙腈、34.8mmol 2-溴-1-氯乙醇和1.16mmol三乙基苄基氯化铵溶于10mL KOH水溶液(60%)中。将此混合物转移至超声波浴中,并在室温下剧烈搅拌3h。用40mL水稀释所得的悬浮液,并用20mL二氯甲烷萃取三次。用盐酸水溶液(1N)洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,然后减压除去溶剂。使用硅胶并以乙酸乙酯/庚烷作为洗脱体系,通过快速色谱法纯化剩余的油,得到0.81g(34.4%)1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)环丙烷腈。
将3.9mmol 1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)环丙烷腈和11.2mmol KOH悬浮于80mL乙二醇中。在回流下搅拌此混合物12h。然后加入80mL水,并用乙醚萃取水层两次。使用HCl(1N)将pH调至值为pH=4-5后,用乙醚萃取水层三次,然后用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机层,并除去溶剂,得到0.81g(93.5%)1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)环丙烷羧酸。
将3.44mmol 1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)环丙烷羧酸、3.5mmol N-甲基吗啉和3.5mmol氯甲酸异丁酯溶于干燥的四氢呋喃中,并在-15℃搅拌15min。然后加入3.5mmol 3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)烷基-1-胺,并使混合物温热至0℃,然后搅拌12h。减压除去溶剂,并将剩余的油再溶于氯仿中。然后用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤有机层两次,然后用Na2SO4干燥,并除去溶剂。使用装置(Harrison Research Ltd.),用层厚为2mm的硅胶板,通过离心力色谱法进行纯化,并用CHCl3/MeOH梯度作为洗脱体系,得到0.671g(59.3%)N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)环丙烷酰胺。
再溶解于30mL干燥的二氧六环后,加入1.43mmol Lawesson试剂,然后将混合物加热至90℃并搅拌8h。减压除去溶剂,然后将剩余物溶于50mL二氯甲烷。使用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤有机层三次,随后用水洗涤3次,干燥,过滤,然后除去有机溶剂。使用离心力色谱装置(HarrisonResearch Ltd.),用层厚为2mm的硅胶板,通过色谱法纯化化合物,并用CHCl3/MeOH梯度作为洗脱体系。
收率:0.33g(46.2%);熔点:127.0-127.5℃
1H NMR δ1.1-1.2(t,2H),1.55-1.6(t,2H),2.0-2.1(m,2H),3.5-3.6(m,2H),3.7-3.8(s,6H),4.1-4.2(t,2H),6.8-6.9(m,3H),7.65(s,1H),7.75(s,1H),8.8(m,1H),9.05(s,1H;MS m/z 346.0(M+H),278.2(M-C3H3N2·),177.1(M-C6H8N3S·)
实施例133-135
在0℃的温度下,将1当量的三乙胺和3,4-二甲氧基苯胺在二氧六环中的混合物加入相应的ω-溴烷基酰氯搅拌溶液中。使此溶液温热至室温并搅拌2h。蒸发溶剂,并将剩余的油溶于二氯甲烷。使用水洗涤有机层,干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂。
将咪唑和氢化钠悬浮于,并在室温下于惰性条件下搅拌混合物3h。加入ω-溴-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)烷基酰胺,并将混合物加热至100℃并搅拌8h。此后,蒸发溶剂,加入热甲苯,过滤溶液。然后减压除去溶剂。按照实施例113-132中所述,使用Lawesson试剂进行向硫代酰胺的转化,以总收率13-20%得到133-135。
按照上述的一般合成路线合成的其它实施例的分析数据如下:
实施例1:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-甲基硫脲
熔点:122-122.5℃
1H NMR δ1.85-1.95(m,2H),2.8(s,3H),3.2-3.5(br d,2H),3.8-3.9(m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.15(d,1H),7.3-7.5(br d,2H),7.65(s,1H);MS m/z199.1(M+H),221.3(M+Na),131.0(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例2:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-叔丁基硫脲
熔点:147.0-147.5℃
1H NMR δ1.3-1.4(s,9H),1.85-1.95(m,2H),3.5(t,2H),3.8(t,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.15(d,1H),7.3-7.5(br d,2H),7.65(s,1H);MS m/z 241.1(M+H),173.1(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例3:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-苄基硫脲
熔点:127.0-128.0℃
1H NMR δ1.85-1.95(m,2H),3.2-3.5(br d,2H),3.8-3.9(m,2H),4.6(s,2H),6.8(d,1H),7.15(d,1H),7.19-7.35(m,5H),7.5-7.6(br d,2H),7.85(s,1H);MS m/z 275.3(M+H),207.1(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例5:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-苯基硫脲
熔点:166.5-167.0℃
1H NMR δ1.95-2.05(m,2H),3.3-3.5(br d,2H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.05(m,1H)7.15(d,1H),7.25(m,2H),7.35(m,2H),7.6(s,1H),7.8(br s,1H),9.5(br s,1H);MS m/z 261.1(M+H),193.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例6:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-氟苯基)硫脲
熔点:147.0-148.0℃
1H NMR δ1.95-2.05(m,2H),3.3-3.5(br d,2H),3.9-4.05(m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.05-7.15(m,3H),7.3-7.4(m,2H),7.6(s,1H),7.7-7.8(br s,1H),9.4(br s,1H);MS m/z 279.3(M+H),211.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例7:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-乙基苯基)硫脲
熔点:100.0-100.5℃
1H NMR δ1.15-1.2(t,3H),1.9-2.0(m,2H),2.5-2.6(m,2H),3.3-3.5(br d,2H),3.9-4.05(m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.1-7.2(m,3H),7.25-7.3(m,2H),7.6(s,1H),7.7-7.8(br s,1H),9.4(br s,1H);MS m/z 289.3(M+H),221.1(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例8:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)硫脲
熔点:154.5-155.0℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.1(br m,2H),3.4-3.6(br d,2H),3.95-4.1(br m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.2(d,1H),7.6-7.8(m,5H),8.2(br s,1H),9.9(br s,1H);MSm/z 329.3(M+H),261.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例10:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-乙酰基苯基)硫脲
熔点:170.0-171.0℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.1(br m,2H),2.4-2.5(s,3H),3.2-3.5(br m,2H),3.9-4.1(m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.15(d,1H),7.5-7.65(br m,3H),7.8-7.9(m,2H),8.1(m,2H),9.8(br s,1H);MS m/z 303.2(M+H),235.1(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例11:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:125.0-125.5℃
1H NMR δ1.8-2.0(br m,2H),3.2-3.5(br m,2H),3.7(s,3H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.7-6.9(m,3H),7.1-7.2(m,3H),7.5(s,1H),7.6(s,1H),9.2(s,1H);MS m/z 291.1(M+H),223.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例14:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:120.0-120.5℃
1H NMR δ1.8-2.0(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(br m,2H),3.75(s,6H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.5(d,1H),6.6(s,1H),6.9(s,1H),7.15(s,1H),7.3(d,1H),7.5(br s,1H),7.6(s,1H),9.75(s,1H);MS m/z 321.2(M+H),253.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例15:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:142.0-143.0℃
1H NMR δ1.8-2.0(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(br m,2H),3.6(s,6H),3.95-4.0(m,2H),6.25(m,1H),6.6(m,2H),6.9(s,1H),7.2(s,1H),7.6(s,1H),7.8(s,1H),9.5(s,1H);MS m/z 321.2(M+H),253.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例23:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二噁英-7-基)硫脲
熔点:103.0-103.5℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.0(br m,2H),3.3-3.5(br d,2H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),4.2-4.3(m,4H),6.7(m,1H),6.8-6.8(m,1H),6.9(m,2H),7.2(s,1H),7.6(m,2H),9.3(s,1H);MS m/z 319.3(M+H),251.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例24:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(苯并[d][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-6-基)硫脲
熔点:115.0-115.6℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.1(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(br d,2H),4.05-4.15(m,2H),6.0(s,2H),6.7(m,1H),6.8-6.85(m,1H),6.95(d,1H),7.25(s,1H),7.45(s,1H),7.7(br s,1H),8.5(br s,1H),9.4(br s,1H);MS m/z 305.2(M+H),237.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例25:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:124.5-125.5℃
1H NMR δ1.8-2.0(m,2H),3.4-3.5(br m,2H),3.6(s,3H),3.7(s,6H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.65(m,2H),6.85(s,1H),7.2(s,1H),7.6(s,1H),7.7(br s,1H),9.4(s,1H);MS m/z 351.3(M+H),283.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例26:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:89.5-90.0℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.1(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(br m,2H),3.7(s,3H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.6-6.7(m,1H),6.8-6.9(m,2H),7.1(m,2H),7.15-7.25(br m,1H),7.6(s,1H),7.8(br s,1H),9.5(s,1H);MS m/z 291.1(M+H),223.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例27:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:126.0-126.5℃
1H NMR δ1.5(br m,3H),1.9-2.0(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(br m,2H),3.9-4.0(br m,4H),6.8-6.9(m,2H),6.95(s,1H),7.15-7.2(m,2H),7.25(s,1H),7.55-7.6(br s,1H),7.8(s,1H),9.3(s,1H);MS m/z 305.2(M+H),237.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例33:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-(甲硫基)苯基)硫脲
熔点:140.0-140.5℃
1H NMR δ1.8-2.05(br m,2H),2.5(s,3H),3.3-3.5(br m,2H),3.9-4.1(m,2H),6.9(m,1H),7.1-7.3(br m,5H),7.6(s,1H),7.75(br s,1H),9.4(s,1H);MS m/z 307.2(M+H),239.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例42:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)硫脲
熔点:165.0.166.0℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.05(m,2H),3.3-3.5(br d,2H),3.95-4.05(m,2H),6.85(d,1H),7.15(d,1H),7.6(d,1H),7.7(m,2H),8.1(m,2H),8.3(br s,1H),10.1(br s,1H);MS m/z 306.2(M+H),237.9(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例50:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(4-(二甲氨基)苯基)硫脲
熔点:146.5-147.0℃
1H NMR δ1.9-2.0(m,2H),2.9(s,6H),3.4(m,2H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.7(m,2H),6.9(s,1H),7.05-7.1(m,2H),7.15(s,1H),7.4(br s,1H),7.6(s,1H),9.2(s,1H);MS m/z 304.2(M+H),236.0(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例102:1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)脲
熔点:114.5-115.0℃
1H NMR δ1.7-1.9(m,2H),2.9-3.1(m,2H),3.7(2s,6H),3.9-4.0(m,2H),6.1(t,1H),6.7(s,2H),6.8(s,1H),7.15(d,2H),7.6(s,1H),8.2(s,1H);MS m/z 321.2(M+H),253.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例106:1-((S)-3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-甲基丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:150.5-151.5℃
1H NMR δ0.9(d,3H),2.3-2.4(m,2H),2.5(s,1H),3.7(d,6H),4.0-4.1(br m,1H),4.15-4.25(br m,1H),6.75-6.8(m,1H),6.85(m,1H),6.9-7.0(m,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.75(s,2H),9.1(s,1H),9.5(s,1H);MS m/z 335.6(M+H),267.1(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例107:1-((R)-3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-甲基丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:155.0-157.5℃
1H NMR δ0.9(d,3H),2.3-2.4(m,2H),2.5(s,1H),3.7(d,6H),4.0-4.1(br m,1H),4.15-4.25(br m,1H),6.75-6.8(m,1H),6.85(m,1H),6.9-7.0(m,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.75(s,2H),9.1(s,1H),9.5(s,1H);MS m/z 335.4(M+H),267.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例109:1-((1-((1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基)环丙基)甲基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:166.5-168.5℃
1H NMR δ0.7-0.8(br m,2H),1.85-1.9(m,1H),2.15-2.2(m,1H),2.2-2.3(m,1H),3.4-3.5(m,1H),3.7(d,6H),4.2(s,1H),4.95(s,1H),6.75-6.8(br m,1H),6.85-6.9(br m,1H),7.0(s,1H),7.5(m,1H),7.6(m,1H),7.7(s,0.5H),7.8(s,0.5H),8.85(s,0.5H),9.1(s,0.5H),9.35(s,0.5H),9.45(s,0.5H);MS m/z 347.2(M+H),279.2(M-C3H3N2·),137.5(M-C9H13N4S·)
实施例110:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)苯并[d]噻唑-2-胺
1H NMR δ1.95-2.15(m,2H),3.25-3.35(m,2H),4.0-4.1(t,2H),6.9(s,1H),6.95-7.05(t,1H),7.15-7.2(m,2H),7.35-7.4(d,1H),7.60-7.70(m,2H),8.0-8.1(br s,1H);MS m/z 259.4(M+H),191.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例111:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-6-氯苯并[d]噻唑-2-胺
1H NMR δ1.95-2.15(m,2H),3.25-3.35(m,2H),4.0-4.1(t,2H),6.9(s,1H),7.1-7.2(d,2H),7.3-7.4(d,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.8(s,1H),8.2(s,1H);MS m/z 293.3(M+H),225.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例112:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-6-甲氧基苯并[d]噻唑-2-胺
1H NMR δ1.9-2.05(m,2H),3.2-3.3(m,2H),3.7(s,3H),4.0-4.1(t,2H),6.7-6.8(d,1H),6.9(s,1H),7.15-7.2(s,1H),7.2-7.3(m,2H),7.65(s,1H),7.8(s,1H);MS m/z 289.1(M+H),221.4(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例115:(R)-N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-2-苯基硫代丙酰胺
熔点:82.0-82.5℃
1H NMR δ1.4-1.55(d,3H),1.9-2.0(m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.85-3.95(m,2H),4.0-4.1(q,1H),6.8-6.9(s,1H),7.1(s,1H),7.15-7.2(m,1H),7.2-7.3(m,2H),7.35-7.4(m,2H),7.55(s,1H),10.1(s,1H);MS m/z 274.4(M+H),206.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例116:(S)-N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-2-苯基硫代丙酰胺
熔点:82.5-83.5℃
1H NMR δ1.4-1.55(d,3H),1.9-2.0(m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.85-3.95(m,2H),4.0-4.1(q,1H),6.8-6.9(s,1H),7.1(s,1H),7.15-7.2(m,1H),7.2-7.3(m,2H),7.35-7.4(m,2H),7.55(s,1H),10.1(s,1H);MS m/z 274.4(M+H),206.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例121:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-1-(4-氯苯基)环丁烷硫代酰胺
熔点:137.5-139.0℃
1H NMR δ1.55-1.75(br m,2H),1.85-1.95(br m,2H),2.4-2.5(br m,2H),2.7-2.85(br m,2H),3.3-3.5(br m,2H),3.8(m,2H),6.9(s,1H),7.0(s,1H),7.3(m,2H),7.45(s,1H),7.5(m,2H),9.6(t,1H);MS m/z 334.3(M+H),266.1(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例122:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-1-(4-氯苯基)环戊烷硫代酰胺
熔点:140.0-141.0℃
1H NMR δ1.5-1.65(br m,4H),1.8-1.9(m,2H),2.0-2.1(m,2H),2.6(m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.7-3.8(m,2H),6.85(s,1H),7.0(s,1H),7.35(m,2H),7.4(m,2H),7.5(s,1H),9.4(t,1H);MS m/z 348.2(M+H),280.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例123:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)环己烷硫代酰胺
熔点:162.5-164.0℃
1H NMR δ1.2-1.3(m,1H),1.35-1.5(br m,5H),1.85-2.0(br m,4H),2.4-2.6(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.7(s,3H),3.8(m,2H),6.8(m,3H),7.0(s,1H),7.3(m,2H),7.5(s,1H),9.2(t,1H);MS m/z 358.3(M+H),290.3(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例124:N-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)环丙烷硫代酰胺
熔点:129.0-129.5℃
1H NMR δ1.0-1.1(m,2H),1.5-1.6(m,2H),1.9-2.0(br m,2H),3.4-3.5(m,2H),3.7(s,3H),3.9(m,2H),6.9(m,3H),7.1(s,1H),7.2-7.3(m,2H),7.6(s,1H),8.9(br s,1H);MS m/z 316.0(M+H),248.4(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例134:5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)戊烷硫代酰胺
熔点:128.0-128.5℃
1H NMR δ1.65-1.70(m,2H),1.75-1.80(m,2H),2.7-2.75(m,2H),3.7(s,3H),3.75(s,3H),4.0-4.05(t,2H),6.9-7.0(m,2H),7.2(s,1H),7.3(d,1H),7.5(s,1H),7.75(s,1H),11.0(s,1H);MS m/z 320.2(M+H),252.2(M-C3H3N2·)
实施例136:1-(2-(1H-咪唑-1-基)乙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲
熔点:157.5-159.0℃
1H NMR δ3.7(2s,6H),3.8(m,2H),4.2(m,2H),6.7(m,1H),6.85(m,1H),6.9(m,2H),7.15(s,1H),7.5(br s,1H),7.6(s,1H),9.5(s,1H);MS m/z307.2(M+H),239.1(M-C3H3N2·)
序列表
<110>前体生物药物股份公司
<120>谷氨酰胺酰环化酶抑制剂的新用途
<130>PBD 00062/WO
<160>16
<170>PatentIn version 3.1
<210>1
<211>99
<212>PRT
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>1
Met Lys Val Ser Ala Ala Leu Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Ile Ala Ala Thr
1 5 10 15
Phe Ile Pro Gln Gly Leu Ala Gln Pro Asp Ala Ile Asn Ala Pro Val
20 25 30
Thr Cys Cys Tyr Asn Phe Thr Asn Arg Lys Ile Ser Val Gln Arg Leu
35 40 45
Ala Ser Tyr Arg Arg Ile Thr Ser Ser Lys Cys Pro Lys Glu Ala Val
50 55 60
Ile Phe Lys Thr Ile Val Ala Lys Glu Ile Cys Ala Asp Pro Lys Gln
65 70 75 80
Lys Trp Val Gln Asp Ser Met Asp His Leu Asp Lys Gln Thr Gln Thr
85 90 95
Pro Lys Thr
<210>2
<211>300
<212>DNA
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>2
atgaaagtct ctgccgccct tctgtgcctg ctgctcatag cagccacctt cattccccaa 60
gggctcgctc agccagatgc aatcaatgcc ccagtcacct gctgttataa cttcaccaat 120
aggaagatct cagtgcagag gctcgcgagc tatagaagaa tcaccagcag caagtgtccc 180
aaagaagctg tgatcttcaa gaccattgtg gccaaggaga tctgtgctga ccccaagcag 240
aagtgggttc aggattccat ggaccacctg gacaagcaaa cccaaactcc gaagacttga 300
<210>3
<211>1086
<212>DNA
<213>human
<400>3
atggcaggcg gaagacaccg gcgcgtcgtg ggcaccctcc acctgctgct gctggtggcc 60
gccctgccct gggcatccag gggggtcagt ccgagtgcct cagcctggcc agaggagaag 120
aattaccacc agccagccat tttgaattca tcggctcttc ggcaaattgc agaaggcacc 180
agtatctctg aaatgtggca aaatgactta cagccattgc tgatagagcg atacccggga 240
tcccctggaa gctatgctgc tcgtcagcac atcatgcagc gaattcagag gcttcaggct 300
gactgggtct tggaaataga caccttcttg agtcagacac cctatgggta ccggtctttc 360
tcaaatatca tcagcaccct caatcccact gctaaacgac atttggtcct cgcctgccac 420
tatgactcca agtatttttc ccactggaac aacagagtgt ttgtaggagc cactgattca 480
gccgtgccat gtgcaatgat gttggaactt gctcgtgcct tagacaagaa actcctttcc 540
ttaaagactg tttcagactc caagccagat ttgtcactcc agctgatctt ctttgatggt 600
gaagaggctt ttcttcactg gtctcctcaa gattctctct atgggtctcg acacttagct 660
gcaaagatgg catcgacccc gcacccacct ggagcgagag gcaccagcca actgcatggc 720
atggatttat tggtcttatt ggatttgatt ggagctccaa acccaacgtt tcccaatttt 780
tttccaaact cagccaggtg gttcgaaaga cttcaagcaa ttgaacatga acttcatgaa 840
ttgggtttgc tcaaggatca ctctttggag gggcggtatt tccagaatta cagttatgga 900
ggtgtgattc aggatgacca tattccattt ttaagaagag gtgttccagt tctgcatctg 960
ataccgtctc ctttccctga agtctggcac accatggatg acaatgaaga aaatttggat 1020
gaatcaacca ttgacaatct aaacaaaatc ctacaagtct ttgtgttgga atatcttcat 1080
ttgtaa 1086
<210>4
<211>361
<212>PRT
<213>human
<400>4
Met Ala Gly Gly Arg His Arg Arg Val Val Gly Thr Leu His Leu Leu
1 5 10 15
Leu Leu Val Ala Ala Leu Pro Trp Ala Ser Arg Gly Val Ser Pro Ser
20 25 30
Ala Ser Ala Trp Pro Glu Glu Lys Asn Tyr His Gln Pro Ala Ile Leu
35 40 45
Asn Ser Ser Ala Leu Arg Gln Ile Ala Glu Gly Thr Ser Ile Ser Glu
50 55 60
Met Trp Gln Asn Asp Leu Gln Pro Leu Leu Ile Glu Arg Tyr Pro Gly
65 70 75 80
Ser Pro Gly Ser Tyr Ala Ala Arg Gln His Ile Met Gln Arg Ile Gln
85 90 95
Arg Leu Gln Ala Asp Trp Val Leu Glu Ile Asp Thr Phe Leu Ser Gln
100 105 110
Thr Pro Tyr Gly Tyr Arg Ser Phe Ser Asn Ile Ile Ser Thr Leu Asn
115 120 125
Pro Thr Ala Lys Arg His Leu Val Leu Ala Cys His Tyr Asp Ser Lys
130 135 140
Tyr Phe Ser His Trp Asn Asn Arg Val Phe Val Gly Ala Thr Asp Ser
145 150 155 160
Ala Val Pro Cys Ala Met Met Leu Glu Leu Ala Arg Ala Leu Asp Lys
165 170 175
Lys Leu Leu Ser Leu Lys Thr Val Ser Asp Ser Lys Pro Asp Leu Ser
180 185 190
Leu Gln Leu Ile Phe Phe Asp Gly Glu Glu Ala Phe Leu His Trp Ser
195 200 205
Pro Gln Asp Ser Leu Tyr Gly Ser Arg His Leu Ala Ala Lys Met Ala
210 215 220
Ser Thr Pro His Pro Pro Gly Ala Arg Gly Thr Ser Gln Leu His Gly
225 230 235 240
Met Asp Leu Leu Val Leu Leu Asp Leu Ile Gly Ala Pro Asn Pro Thr
245 250 255
Phe Pro Asn Phe Phe Pro Asn Ser Ala Arg Trp Phe Glu Arg Leu Gln
260 265 270
Ala Ile Glu His Glu Leu His Glu Leu Gly Leu Leu Lys Asp His Ser
275 280 285
Leu Glu Gly Arg Tyr Phe Gln Asn Tyr Ser Tyr Gly Gly Val Ile Gln
290 295 300
Asp Asp His Ile Pro Phe Leu Arg Arg Gly Val Pro Val Leu His Leu
305 310 315 320
Ile Pro Ser Pro Phe Pro Glu Val Trp His Thr Met Asp Asp Asn Glu
325 330 335
Glu Asn Leu Asp Glu Ser Thr Ile Asp Asn Leu Asn Lys Ile Leu Gln
340 345 350
Val Phe Val Leu Glu Tyr Leu His Leu
355 360
<210>5
<211>32
<212>DNA
<213>Artificial sequence
<220>
<223>DNA primer
<400>5
atataagctt atgaaagtct ctgccgccct tc 32
<210>6
<211>32
<212>DNA
<213>Artificial sequence
<220>
<223>DNA primer
<400>6
atatgcggcc gctcaagtct tcggagtttg gg 32
<210>7
<211>37
<212>DNA
<213>Artificial sequence
<220>
<223>DNA primer
<400>7
cattccccaa gggctcgctc cagatgcaat caatgcc 37
<210>8
<211>37
<212>DNA
<213>Artificial sequence
<220>
<223>DNA primer
<400>8
ggcattgatt gcatctggag cgagcccttg gggaatg 37
<210>9
<211>38
<212>DNA
<213>Artificial sequence
<220>
<223>DNA primer
<400>9
cattccccaa gggctcgctg atgcaatcaa tgccccag 38
<210>10
<211>38
<212>DNA
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<220>
<223>DNA primer
<400>10
ctggggcatt gattgcatca gcgagccctt ggggaatg 38
<210>11
<211>99
<212>PRT
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>11
Met Lys Val Ser Ala Ala Leu Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Met Ala Ala Thr
1 5 10 15
Phe Ser Pro Gln Gly Leu Ala Gln Pro Asp Ser Val Ser Ile Pro Ile
20 25 30
Thr Cys Cys Phe Asn Val Ile Asn Arg Lys Ile Pro Ile Gln Arg Leu
35 40 45
Glu Ser Tyr Thr Arg Ile Thr Asn Ile Gln Cys Pro Lys Glu Ala Val
50 55 60
Ile Phe Lys Thr Gln Arg Gly Lys Glu Val Cys Ala Asp Pro Lys Glu
65 70 75 80
Arg Trp Val Arg Asp Ser Met Lys His Leu Asp Gln Ile Phe Gln Asn
85 90 95
Leu Lys Pro
<210>12
<211>300
<212>DNA
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>12
atgaaggttt ctgcagcgct tctgtgcctg ctgctcatgg cagccacttt cagccctcag 60
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aggaaaattc ctatccagag gctggagagc tacacaagaa tcaccaacat ccaatgtccc 180
aaggaagctg tgatcttcaa gacccaacgg ggcaaggagg tctgtgctga ccccaaggag 240
agatgggtca gggattccat gaagcatctg gaccaaatat ttcaaaatct gaagccatga 300
<210>13
<211>99
<212>PRT
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>13
Met Lys Ala Ser Ala Ala Leu Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Thr Ala Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Phe Ser Pro Gln Gly Leu Ala Gln Pro Val Gly Ile Asn Thr Ser Thr
20 25 30
Thr Cys Cys Tyr Arg Phe Ile Asn Lys Lys Ile Pro Lys Gln Arg Leu
35 40 45
Glu Ser Tyr Arg Arg Thr Thr Ser Ser His Cys Pro Arg Glu Ala Val
50 55 60
Ile Phe Lys Thr Lys Leu Asp Lys Glu Ile Cys Ala Asp Pro Thr Gln
65 70 75 80
Lys Trp Val Gln Asp Phe Met Lys His Leu Asp Lys Lys Thr Gln Thr
85 90 95
Pro Lys Leu
<210>14
<211>300
<212>DNA
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>14
atgaaagcct ctgcagcact tctgtgtctg ctgctcacag cagctgcttt cagcccccag 60
gggcttgctc agccagttgg gattaatact tcaactacct gctgctacag atttatcaat 120
aagaaaatcc ctaagcagag gctggagagc tacagaagga ccaccagtag ccactgtccc 180
cgggaagctg taatcttcaa gaccaaactg gacaaggaga tctgtgctga ccccacacag 240
aagtgggtcc aggactttat gaagcacctg gacaagaaaa cccaaactcc aaagctttga 300
<210>15
<211>98
<212>PRT
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>15
Met Lys Val Ser Ala Val Leu Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Met Thr Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Phe Asn Pro Gln Gly Leu Ala Gln Pro Asp Ala Leu Asn Val Pro Ser
20 25 30
Thr Cys Cys Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Lys Lys Ile Ser Leu Gln Arg Leu
35 40 45
Lys Ser Tyr Val Ile Thr Thr Ser Arg Cys Pro Gln Lys Ala Val Ile
50 55 60
Phe Arg Thr Lys Leu Gly Lys Glu Ile Cys Ala Asp Pro Lys Glu Lys
65 70 75 80
Trp Val Gln Asn Tyr Met Lys His Leu Gly Arg Lys Ala His Thr Leu
85 90 95
Lys Thr
<210>16
<211>297
<212>DNA
<213>Homo sapiens
<400>16
atgaaagtct ctgcagtgct tctgtgcctg ctgctcatga cagcagcttt caacccccag 60
ggacttgctc agccagatgc actcaacgtc ccatctactt gctgcttcac atttagcagt 120
aagaagatct ccttgcagag gctgaagagc tatgtgatca ccaccagcag gtgtccccag 180
aaggctgtca tcttcagaac caaactgggc aaggagatct gtgctgaccc aaaggagaag 240
tgggtccaga attatatgaa acacctgggc cggaaagctc acaccctgaa gacttga 297
Claims (32)
1、QC抑制剂,其用于治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症。
2、QC抑制剂用于治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症的用途。
3、QC抑制剂用于制备用于治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症的药物的用途。
4、权利要求1-3中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
5、权利要求1-4中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
6、权利要求1-3中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
7、权利要求1-3或6中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述疾病是再狭窄。
8、权利要求1-3、6或7中任一项的QC抑制剂或用途,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
9、治疗和/或预防选自轻度认知缺损(MCI)、再狭窄和胰腺炎的炎性疾病或病症的方法,其中将有效量的QC抑制剂给药于有此需要的个体。
10、权利要求9的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是轻度认知缺损(MCI)。
11、权利要求9或10的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自促智药、神经保护剂、抗震颤麻痹药、淀粉样蛋白沉积抑制剂、β-淀粉样蛋白合成抑制剂、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和抗多发性硬化症药。
12、权利要求9的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病选自再狭窄和胰腺炎。
13、权利要求9或12的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是再狭窄。
14、权利要求9或12中任一项的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述疾病是胰腺炎。
15、如权利要求9或12-14中任一项的治疗和/或预防的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂与其它药剂联合给药,所述其它药剂选自血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂;血管紧张素II受体阻断剂;利尿剂;钙通道阻断剂(CCB);β-受体阻断剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;胆固醇吸收调节剂;HMG-Co-A还原酶抑制剂;增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的化合物;肾素抑制剂;IL-6抑制剂;抗炎皮质类固醇;抗增殖剂;一氧化氮供体;细胞外基质合成抑制剂;生长因子或细胞因子信号转导抑制剂;MCP-1拮抗剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
16、权利要求2-8中任一项的用途,其中所述疾病和/或病症困扰人类。
17、权利要求9-15中任一项的方法,其中所述疾病和/或病症困扰人类。
18、权利要求1-17中任一项的QC抑制剂、用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是式1的化合物,包括其药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物和立体异构体:
其中:
A或是:
烷基链、烯基链或炔基链;
或者A是选自如下的基团:
其中:
R6、R7、R8、R9和R10独立地为H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基或杂环;
n和n1独立地为1-5;
m是1-5;
o是0-4;
并且B是选自以下的基团:
其中:
D和E独立地表示烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、-烷基芳基、杂芳基、-烷基杂芳基、酰基或杂环;
Z是CH或N;
X表示CR20R21、O、S、NR19,对于式(VIII)和(IX),条件是,如果Z=CH,则X是O或S;
R19选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、羟基、NO2、NH2、CN;
R20和R21独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、杂环、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、NO2、NH2、CN、CF3;
X1、X2和X3独立地为O或S,条件是X2和X3不都是O;
Y是O或S,条件是当由R17和R18形成的碳环在环中具有3个成员时,Y不可以是O;
Z是CH或N;
R11、R12、R13和R14可以独立地选自H、烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂环、卤素、烷氧基-、-硫烷基、羧基、羧酸酯、羰基、脲、碳酰亚胺、硫脲或硫代羰基、NH2、NO2;
R15和R16彼此独立地为H或者支链或直链的烷基链、或者支链或直链的烯基链;
R17和R18独立地选自H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂烷基,或者它们可以被连接以形成具有至多6个环原子的碳环;
n是0或1。
19、权利要求1-18中任一项的QC抑制剂、用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂或者其药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或立体异构体选自
式1*的化合物:
或
式1a的化合物,
其中R在实施例1-53中定义:
或
式1b的化合物,
其中R1和R2在实施例54-95中定义:
或
式1c的化合物,
其中R3在实施例96-102中定义:
或
式1d的化合物,
其中在环上的位置在实施例103-105中定义,
或
式1e的化合物,
其中R4和R5在实施例106-109中定义:
或
式1f的化合物,
其中R6在实施例110-112中定义:
或
式1g的化合物,
其中R7、R8和R9在实施例113-132中定义:
或
式1h的化合物,
其中n在实施例133-135中定义:
或
式1i的化合物,
其中m在实施例136和137中定义:
或
选自实施例138-141的化合物:
20、权利要求1-19中任一项的QC抑制剂、用途或方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
21、诊断测定,其包括QC抑制剂。
22、权利要求21的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是式1的化合物,包括其药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物和立体异构体:
其中:
A或是:
烷基链、烯基链或炔基链;
或者A是选自下列的基团:
其中:
R6、R7、R8、R9和R10独立地为H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基或杂环;
n和n1独立地为1-5;
m是1-5;
o是0-4;
并且B是选自下列的基团:
其中:
D和E独立地表示烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、-烷基芳基、杂芳基、-烷基杂芳基、酰基或杂环;
Z是CH或N;
X表示CR20R21、O、S、NR19,对于式(VIII)和(IX),条件是,如果Z=CH,则X是O或S;
R19选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、羟基、NO2、NH2、CN;
R20和R21独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、杂环、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、NO2、NH2、CN、CF3;
X1、X2和X3独立地为O或S,条件是X2和X3不都是O;
Y是O或S,条件是当由R17和R18形成的碳环在环中具有3个成员时,Y不可以是O;
Z是CH或N;
R11、R12、R13和R14可以独立地选自H、烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂环、卤素、烷氧基-、-硫烷基、羧基、羧酸酯、羰基、脲、碳酰亚胺、硫脲或硫代羰基、NH2、NO2;
R15和R16彼此独立地为H或者支链或直链的烷基链、或者支链或直链的烯基链;
R17和R18独立地选自H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂烷基,或者它们可以被连接以形成具有至多6个环原子的碳环;
n是0或1。
23、权利要求21或22的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂或者其药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或立体异构体选自
式1*的化合物:
式1*
或
其中R在实施例1-53中定义:
或
式1b的化合物,
(1b)
其中R1和R2在实施例54-95中定义:
或
式1c的化合物,
(1c)
其中R3在实施例96-102中定义:
或
式1d的化合物,
其中在环上的位置在实施例103-105中定义,
或
式1e的化合物,
其中R4和R5在实施例106-109中定义:
或
式1f的化合物,
其中R6在实施例110-112中定义:
或
式1g的化合物,
其中R7、R8和R9在实施例113-132中定义:
或
式1h的化合物,
其中n在实施例133-135中定义:
或
式1i的化合物,
其中m在实施例136和137中定义:
或
选自实施例138-141的化合物:
24、权利要求21-23中任一项的诊断测定,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
25、诊断如权利要求1中所定义的任一种疾病和/或病症的方法,其包括以下步骤
-从怀疑患有所述疾病和/或病症的个体采集样品,
-使所述样品与QC抑制剂接触,和
-确定所述个体是否患有所述疾病和/或病症。
26、权利要求26的方法,其中所述个体是人类。
27、权利要求26或27的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是式1的化合物,包括其药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物和立体异构体:
其中:
A或是:
烷基链、烯基链或炔基链;
或者A是选自下列的基团:
其中:
R6、R7、R8、R9和R10独立地为H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基或杂环;
n和n1独立地为1-5;
m是1-5;
o是0-4;
并且B是选自下列的基团:
其中:
D和E独立地表示烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、-烷基芳基、杂芳基、-烷基杂芳基、酰基或杂环;
Z是CH或N;
X表示CR20R21、O、S、NR19,对于式(VIII)和(IX),条件是,如果Z=CH,则X是O或S;
R19选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、羟基、NO2、NH2、CN;
R20和R21独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、杂环、芳基、杂芳基、-氧基烷基、-氧基芳基、羰基、酰胺基、NO2、NH2、CN、CF3;
X1、X2和X3独立地为O或S,条件是X2和X3不都是O;
Y是O或S,条件是当由R17和R18形成的碳环在环中具有3个成员时,Y不可以是O;
Z是CH或N;
R11、R12、R13和R14可以独立地选自H、烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、环烷基、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂环、卤代、烷氧基-、-硫烷基、羧基、羧酸酯、羰基、脲、碳酰亚胺、硫脲或硫代羰基、NH2、NO2;
R15和R16彼此独立地为H或者支链或直链的烷基链、或者支链或直链的烯基链;
R17和R18独立地选自H或烷基链、烯基链、炔基链、碳环、芳基、杂芳基、杂烷基,或者它们可以被连接以形成具有至多6个环原子的碳环;
n是0或1。
28、权利要求25-27中任一项的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂或者其药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或立体异构体选自
式1*的化合物:
或
式1a的化合物,
其中R在实施例1-53中定义:
或
式1b的化合物,
(1b)
其中R1和R2在实施例54-95中定义:
或
式1c的化合物,
其中R3在实施例96-102中定义:
或
式1d的化合物,
其中在环上的位置在实施例103-105中定义,
或
式1e的化合物,
其中R4和R5在实施例106-109中定义:
或
式1f的化合物,
其中R6在实施例110-112中定义:
或
式1g的化合物,
其中R7、R8和R9在实施例113-132中定义:
或
其中n在实施例133-135中定义:
或
式1i的化合物,
其中m在实施例136和137中定义:
或
选自实施例138-141的化合物:
29、权利要求25-28中任一项的方法,其中所述QC抑制剂是1-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)硫脲盐酸盐。
30、权利要求25-29中任一项的方法,其中所述样品是血液样品、血清样品、脑脊液样品或尿液样品。
31、用于实施权利要求25-30的方法的诊断试剂盒,其包含作为检测装置的权利要求21-24中任一项的诊断测定和测定装置。
32、药物组合物,其包含权利要39求1、4-6或18-20中任一项的QC抑制剂。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105384692A (zh) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-09 | 深圳大学 | 一种谷氨酰胺酰基环化酶抑制剂 |
CN105384691A (zh) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-09 | 深圳大学 | 一种谷氨酰胺酰基环化酶抑制剂的制备方法及应用 |
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EA200901140A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
KR20090115951A (ko) | 2009-11-10 |
NZ579310A (en) | 2012-03-30 |
JP2010520168A (ja) | 2010-06-10 |
IL200315A (en) | 2017-08-31 |
AU2008220785A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
EP2117540A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
WO2008104580A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
IL200315A0 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
EP2481408A2 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
JP5930573B2 (ja) | 2016-06-15 |
ZA200905537B (en) | 2010-10-27 |
CA2679446A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
AU2008220785B2 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
CA2679446C (en) | 2016-05-17 |
MX2009009234A (es) | 2009-12-01 |
EP2481408A3 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
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