CN101164377A - 电流编程的有机发光二极管显示器的驱动电路 - Google Patents

电流编程的有机发光二极管显示器的驱动电路 Download PDF

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CN101164377A
CN101164377A CNA2006800095490A CN200680009549A CN101164377A CN 101164377 A CN101164377 A CN 101164377A CN A2006800095490 A CNA2006800095490 A CN A2006800095490A CN 200680009549 A CN200680009549 A CN 200680009549A CN 101164377 A CN101164377 A CN 101164377A
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A·内森
R·G·查吉
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于负载的负载驱动电路，该负载具有相关联的寄生电容。该负载被电流编程。驱动电路具有其电压控制负载的数据线，具有用来监控数据线电压的低通滤波器的反馈环；和电流源，其用于提供电流至数据线；电流源由信号线和低通滤波器的输出来控制。

Description

电流编程的有机发光二极管显示器的驱动电路
技术领域
本发明涉及驱动具有寄生电容的电流线的方法和设备。具体地，本发明涉及驱动电流编程的有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器的方法和设备。
背景技术
平板显示器(FPD)技术的成熟能够提供尺寸较大且成本较低的膝上型监视器，手机和其他便携式设备用小面积/低功率面板，家用电视用HDTV和宽屏幕形式，和用于航空器的“玻璃驾驶舱”的高可靠性日光下可读的显示器。
新涌现的技术，如有机LED(OLED)能够提供高质量的发光式平面显示器(emmisive flat display)，其允许消除背光。与LCD比较，OLED能够提供更薄的外观尺寸和几乎完美的视角以及快得多的响应速度。因此，OLED的本征特征在视觉和外观尺寸方面都超过LCD。
有源矩阵有机发光二极管(AMOLED)的典型阵列结构在图1中示出。显示器100包括以行和列形式排列的像素102的阵列。像素102经选择晶体管104连接到数据线106。晶体管104是薄膜晶体管(TFT)。数据线106由电流源108驱动。连接到数据线106的晶体管104的交叠电容和数据线106自身的线电容导致高寄生电容。
给定像素102的基本OLED结构由透明正极和金属负极之间的一叠有机层组成。有机层包括空穴注入层(hole-iniection)，空穴输运层(hole-tansport layer)，发光层(emissive layer)，和电子输运层(electrontransport layer)。当将适当电压施加在该结构上时，注入的正电荷和负电荷在发光层中结合从而产生光。因此OLED是自发光显示器，从而不象LCD那样需要背光。而且，电荷结合过程引起的时间延迟非常小，因此提供较快的响应时间。
OLED显示器是电流控制的显示设备。而LCD是电压控制的。电流编程为OLED提供了与任何其他部件(如薄膜晶体管(TFT))或OLED自身的特性相独立的电流，并补偿Vt偏移、空间失配和OLED老化。然而，线和连接到该线的选择晶体管产生的寄生电容导致较大的建立时间(settling time)。建立时间是初始线电压和驱动TFT阈值电压的函数。虽然，建立时间可通过预充电得到部分的改善，但这种改善对于中等面积和大面积显示器是不够的。
驱动晶体管和其连接于其上的数据线的寄生电容在图2中示意地示出。具体地，图2示意示出编程周期中电流编程像素202的等效电路，其具有电流源203和晶体管204。电容Cp210和电阻Rp208是寄生元件，而电容Cs206是存储电容器的电容。如果Cs206＜＜Cp 210，且Rp 208小，则图2所示电路的时间常数(timing constant)或建立时间为：
τ ∝ 2 C p i * β - - - ( 1 )
其中β是晶体管204的电流—电压(I-V)特征中的系数，其由Ids＝β(Vgs-Vth)2给出。这里，Ids是漏极—源极电流，Vgs是栅极一源极电压，Vth是阈值电压。
如果电容Cp 210是较大的电容，约40pf，且晶体管204的β值较小，该晶体管是以非晶硅(a-Si)制造的，则τ为毫秒量级。然而，对于大面积显示器，编程周期的时序预算小于100μs。因为OLED的效率已经增加，所以实现最大亮度所要求的电流量非常小；因此，作为电流函数的τ急剧增加。
因此该寄生电容为电流编程的像素带来了高建立时间，从而限制了编程周期的时序预算。这可能由于不完美的建立而引起相当大的误差。为了消除这些误差，因此需要适用于OLED显示器的用于驱动电流编程像素的简单并且快速的解决方案。
授予Libsch等人的美国专利申请No.20040095297A1描述了一种编程方法，其中编程电路由电流传感器控制。Libsch等人的专利说明书图1中的电路的示意图在图3中示出。在编程周期中，电流传感器302通过反馈电路308监控电阻器R 304两端的电压。电流传感器302控制编程电流。在像素建立后，流过电阻器R 304和OLED 306的电流与所需电流相同。由于使用反馈电路308，该驱动方法具有快建立时间。然而，该电路的缺点是其具有高功率消耗，这是由于电阻器R304导致的。电阻器R304应非常大以便电路能够精确感测低电流水平。因此，电阻器R 304中耗散的功率相当大。该电路的其他缺点是失配。空间失配改变电阻器R 304的值，这引起显示不均匀性。而且该电路还附有反馈电路308。
授予Bu的美国专利6,433,488揭示了一种OLED驱动电路(drivercircuit)，其以反馈环实现电流比较器。在Bu的专利说明书的图2中给出的电路示意地在图4中示出。在编程周期中，SCAN高，因此晶体管T2 402截止而晶体管T4 404导通。因此，电流流过晶体管T3 406，OLED408，和晶体管T1 410。电流比较器412基于比较流经反馈线416的像素电流和基准电流418的比较结果来限定基准电压414。在像素设定后，像素电流416与基准电流418相同。由于使用了反馈，因此该电路为像素提供快速建立时间。然而，由于驱动周期中电流路径上有两个晶体管(T1 410和T2 402)，所以该电路具有高功率补偿，进一步该方法使用四个晶体管和额外的反馈线416。
因此需要这样的电路，其改善电流驱动电路的建立时间，而不会产生现有电路中的高功率消耗。
发明内容
本发明涉及驱动OLED像素的电路。本发明进一步涉及这样的电路，通过改善建立时间，其使得电流编程的像素电路能够在大面积显示器中使用。
本发明的目的是消除或缓解电路的至少一个缺点，以便提高现有技术的时间灵敏度。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了对于具有寄生电容并被电流编程的负载的负载驱动电路，该寄生电容与负载相关联。该驱动电路具有数据线、反馈环和电流源，该数据线具有控制负载的电压，反馈环具有低通滤波器来监控数据线的电压，而电流源用于提供电流至数据线；该电流源由信号线和低通滤波器的输出来控制。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了电流编程并具有寄生电容的发光二极管的驱动电路。该驱动电路具有控制发光二极管的数据线，监控数据线电压的低通滤波器，和提供电流至数据线的电流源；该电流源由信号线和低通滤波器的输出来控制。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了电流编程并具有寄生电容的发光二极管的驱动电路。该驱动电路包括控制发光二极管的数据线，包括模数转换器的反馈环，运行为反馈环提供低通滤波器功能的算法的控制器，和提供电流至数据线的电流源；该电流源从数模转换器接收输入，该数模转换器从控制器接收输入。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种驱动显示器中发光二极管的方法，该发光二极管具有寄生电容并被电流编程。该方法包括以下步骤：提供电流至发光二极管，该电流由电流源提供，监控数据线的电压，该数据线提供电流至具有低通滤波器的发光二极管，和混合电压和数据线信号从而形成输入，将该输入提供至电流源。
本发明的发明内容不必描述本发明所有特征。
附图简要说明
根据以下参考附图进行的描述，本发明的这些和其他特征将变得更明显，其中：
图1给出按照现有技术的像素阵列的示意图；
图2表示现有技术中与基于OLED的显示器的像素关联的寄生电容的示意图；
图3给出现有技术的像素编程电路的示意图；
图4给出现有技术的另一个像素编程电路的示意图；
图5给出按照本发明实施例的显示驱动电路的示意图，该显示驱动电路具有反馈电路；
图6给出按照本发明另一个实施例的显示驱动电路的示意图，该显示驱动电路具有反馈电路；
图7给出按照本发明另一个实施例的显示驱动电路的示意图，该显示驱动电路具有带通滤波器；
图8a给出按照本发明另一个实施例的带通滤波器的示意图；
图8b给出按照本发明另一个实施例的带通滤波器的示意图；
图9给出按照本发明另一个实施例的建立时间的曲线；
图10a给出按照本发明实施例在使用高通滤波器时计算的噪声；
图10b给出按照本发明实施例在使用低通滤波器时计算的噪声：
具体实施方式
如图2讨论中的总结，由于寄生电容，电流的建立时间可能比所允许的大。本发明的实施例考虑使用反馈电路从而提供正反馈至电流源。该反馈使得电流建立时间得到改善，从而允许电流驱动的显示器具有必要的响应时间。
按照本发明一个实施例的基本反馈电路在图5中示出。显示器驱动电路502被用来驱动发光像素503。驱动电路502包括电压控制的电流源(VCCS)506和反馈环。在该反馈环内有滤波器504和电压加法器512。电流源506被VDATA508和滤波器504的输出所控制，滤波器504监控数据线510的电压。电流源506、滤波器504，和电压加法器512是显示驱动器502的一部分，该显示驱动器502可以用CMOS技术实现为独立芯片，或用显示器上TFT技术实现为显示器的部件。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如图6所示，滤波器被实现为微分器602。如果寄生电阻RP 604足够小且VCCS 606是线性电流源，则图6中所示的电路的时间常数如下：
τ ∝ 2 ( C P - K ) i * β - - - ( 3 )
这里“i”是与VDATA 608相关的电流。K是微分器602的系数并应选择近似寄生电容CP 610，以便实现理想的结果。然而，K和CP之间的合理差异对建立时间没有显著影响。
图6中的电路可消除寄生电容610的影响，并且结果可用于电流编程像素612的快速编程，这是代表了电流编程像素的功能的概况性示意图。对本领域技术人员来说显然，图6中电路可与任何电流编程像素电路一起使用。
按照当前优选实施例的滤波器电路在图7中示出。在该实施例中，显示器驱动电路702使用带通(BP)滤波器704提供反馈功能。驱动电路702驱动像素703并通过使用正反馈来管理寄生电容CP 706的效果。在编程周期开始时，线708的电压急剧改变，且因此VCCS 710汲取更多电流到电流线708中。随着电流线708的电压建立起来，由电流源710提供的电流成为编程电流。而且，带通滤波器704减轻了电流线708的高频噪声，否则该高频噪声将影响电流源710的输出电流。
图8a给出在显示器驱动电路702中使用的带通滤波器的更进一步的细节。使用简单的滤波器电路以便电路能适配约100微米的像素间距。图8a中带通滤波器通常表示为803，被实现为一极(one-pole)低通Butterworth滤波器和微分器。在图8a的电路中，电流传送器类型II(CCII)被用来实现驱动器。Z端子808直接连接到Y端子806上。因此，节点X 804的电压跟随Z端子808的电压，这是由于Y端子806和X端子804之间的反馈。而且，电容器CPL 810用作低通滤波器并减轻任意高频噪声。另一方面，电容器CF 812求X端子804的电压的微分，该电压等于线电压并将其转换为电流。电流镜将该电流加倍并将其加到编程电流上。
图8b给出利用数字执行的低通滤波器的另一种实现方法。在该图中，驱动电路819被用于驱动像素825。线820的电压被ADC 822读取。控制器824运行算法并用DAC 828改变电流源826的电流。由控制器824运行的算法的重要方面是计算当前样点V[n]和前一样点V[n-1]之间的差。考虑到该差值，算法调整由电流源826提供的电流从而加速编程。
图9示出与图8a中电路关联的建立时间的分析。利用MATLABTM模型来分析新电流源的特征。为了简化分析，LP滤波器的截止频率被认为是高频率。这样，T1的过驱电压可表达为：
I P = ( C P - C F ) d dt V - V 2 - - - ( 3 )
其中，V是T1的过驱电压，CF是微分器的增益。显然CF可补偿寄生电容。
在图9中，执行LP滤波器的电流源702的建立时间要小于40微秒，然而传统情况下该建立时间是400微秒，即，电流由无反馈的电流源提供。显然，增加低通滤波器的截止频率使得驱动器对电流线的噪声更敏感。然而，随着截止频率的增加，速度也增加。
图10a表示在使用微分器或高通滤波器时在编程周期中像素电流对时间的曲线图。线噪声通过微分器反馈到电流。这会引起噪声放大。而且，这可能会使驱动器不稳定，因为微分器对高频信号高度敏感。从该曲线上显然可以看出，线噪声被放大并破坏了信号。图10b表示在使用低通滤波器时编程周期中像素电流对时间的曲线图。把图10b和图10a相比较，可显然看出噪声减小了。
本发明已经针对一个或多个实施例做了描述。然而，对本领域技术人员来说，显然，可以做出多种变化和修改而不偏离权利要求限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (17)

1.一种负载驱动电路，其用于具有相关联的寄生电容并且是电流编程的负载，该驱动电路包括：
数据线，该数据线的电压控制所述负载；
反馈环，其具有用来监控所述数据线的电压的低通滤波器；以及
用来提供电流至数据线的电流源；所述电流源由信号线和所述低通滤波器的输出来控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的负载驱动电路，具中所述低通滤波器包括所谓的Butterworth滤波器和微分器。
3.如权利要求1所述的负载驱动电路，其中所述电流源是电压控制的电流源(VCCS)。
4.一种用于发光二极管的驱动电路，所述发光二极管是电流编程的并具有寄生电容，所述驱动电路包括：
数据线，其控制所述发光二极管；
低通滤波器，其监控所述数据线的电压；以及
电流源，其用来提供电流至所述数据线；所述电流源由信号线和所述低通滤波器的输出来控制。
5.如权利要求4所述的驱动电路，其中所述低通滤波器包括所谓的Butterworth滤波器和微分器。
6.如权利要求4所述的驱动电路，其中所述电流源是电压控制的电流源(VCCS)。
7.如权利要求4所述的驱动电路，其中所述发光二极管是有机发光二极管。
8.如权利要求4所述的驱动电路，其中所述发光二极管的照明响应于所述数据线提供的电流。
9.如权利要求4所述的驱动电路，其中所述发光二极管由薄膜晶体管来控制。
10.一种用于发光二极管的驱动电路，所述发光二极管是电流编程的并具有寄生电容，所述驱动电路包括：
数据线，其控制所述发光二极管；
反馈环，其包括：
模数转换器；和
控制器，其运行为所述反馈环提供低通滤波器功能的算法；以及
电流源，其用来提供电流至所述数据线；所述电流源从数模转换器接收输入，该数模转换器从所述控制器接收输入。
11.如权利要求10所述的驱动电路，其中所述电流源是电压控制的电流源(VCCS)。
12.如权利要求10所述的驱动电路，其中所述发光二极管是有机发光二极管。
13.一种具有像素阵列的显示器，每个所述像素包括有机发光二极管，其中所述二极管由按照权利要求4所述的驱动电路来驱动。
14.一种具有像素阵列的显示器，每个所述像素包括有机发光二极管，其中所述二极管由按照权利要求10所述的驱动电路来驱动。
15.一种驱动显示器中的发光二极管的方法，所述发光二极管具有寄生电容并且是电流编程的，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供电流至所述发光二极管，所述电流由电流源提供；
用低通滤波器监控将所述电流提供给所述发光二极管的数据线的电压；以及
混合所述电压和数据线信号，以形成输入；
将所述输入提供给所述电流源。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述电流源是电压控制的电流源(VCCS)。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述发光二极管是有机发光二极管。
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