WO2004053819A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004053819A1 WO2004053819A1 PCT/JP2003/012281 JP0312281W WO2004053819A1 WO 2004053819 A1 WO2004053819 A1 WO 2004053819A1 JP 0312281 W JP0312281 W JP 0312281W WO 2004053819 A1 WO2004053819 A1 WO 2004053819A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- electrode
- crystal display
- light emitting
- crystal layer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133342—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods for double-sided displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
- G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
- G09G2300/046—Pixel structures with an emissive area and a light-modulating area combined in one pixel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having an electorescent luminescent element (hereinafter, referred to as an EL light emitting element) as a light source or a display element, and more particularly, it can be used as a reflective liquid crystal display device when the EL light emitting element is not lit.
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
- a liquid crystal display device that does not have a light emitting function in a liquid crystal itself and uses a transmitted light from a light source provided in the device to perform a display is used in a small information device or the like.
- a transmission type liquid crystal display device there is a reflection type liquid crystal display device which performs display by using reflected light of light incident on the liquid crystal display panel from the outside.
- a transflective liquid crystal display device having both functions of a transmissive type and a reflective type.
- a light source that emits ultraviolet light is disposed on the opposite side (behind the liquid crystal display panel) of a person who observes the display of the liquid crystal display panel (hereinafter referred to as a viewer) with the liquid crystal display panel interposed therebetween.
- a liquid crystal display device in which a polarizing beam splitter having a property of polarizing ultraviolet light is disposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the liquid crystal display panel.
- the dichroic ratio of the fluorescent dichroic dye as a guest is improved, and the visibility is improved.
- an auxiliary light source is necessary, since the secondary light is emitted only by an external light source (auxiliary light source).
- FIG. 28 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of a display device using a conventional EL light emitting element.
- the configuration of the conventional EL light emitting device will be described with reference to FIG. 28. Power In this description, “upper” means lower in FIG.
- an anode electrode 21 made of a transparent conductive film and a positioning insulating film 20 are provided on a transparent first substrate 1, on a transparent first substrate 1, an anode electrode 21 made of a transparent conductive film and a positioning insulating film 20 are provided on a transparent conductive film and a positioning insulating film 20 are provided.
- the positioning insulating film 20 covers the edge of the anode electrode 21, but is open on the anode electrode 21 except for the edge of the anode electrode 21, and defines a light emitting region.
- a hole (hole) transport layer 35, a light emitting layer 23, and an electron transport layer 22 are laminated in this order.
- a force source electrode 24 is provided on the electron transport layer 22.
- the EL light emitting element 33 includes the above-described anode electrode 21, hole transport layer 35, light emitting layer 23, electron transport layer 22, and force source electrode 24.
- the emission luminance of the EL light emitting element 33 is reduced by the influence of moisture.
- a metal case 30 is bonded (not shown) to the first substrate 1, and a space between the first substrate 1 and the metal case 30 is provided with an air layer from which moisture has been removed. 3 8 are filled.
- the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 ' is transmitted through the anode electrode 21 and the first substrate 1 and emitted to the viewer side.
- the force source electrode 24 is a metal film having a small work function, such as lithium oxide-aluminum (L i 20 ), for efficiently emitting light from the light emitting layer 23 to the first substrate 1 side.
- the anode electrode 21 is made of, for example, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film.
- the hole transport layer 35 is made of, for example, a triphenylamine derivative.
- the light emitting layer 23 is made of, for example, an iridium complex (Ir (ppy) 3).
- the electron transport layer 22 is made of, for example, a tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (3) complex.
- the cathode electrode 24 made of a reflective metal film reflects light from an external light source. Therefore, in a situation where the external environment is bright and the reflected light from the force source electrode 24 is strong, the difference in light intensity between the reflected light and the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 is reduced. Therefore, on the viewer side of the first substrate 1, the retardation plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55 are laminated in this order, and function as a .1 / 4 wavelength polarizing filter. As a result, light from an external light source (not shown) is not emitted to the viewer side even if reflected by the cathode electrode 24. Therefore, the contrast ratio between the transmitted light 61 and the reflected light is sufficiently large.
- Patent Document 3 a liquid crystal display device using an EL light emitting element as an illumination light source such as a backlight is known (for example, Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-221828
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-53335
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-166300
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-24930.
- a desired display is not performed by controlling the light emission intensity of the EL light emitting element, but the light emitting element is simply used as an illumination light source for the liquid crystal display element. It is just that. Therefore, it is necessary to drive the liquid crystal display element even when the EL light emitting element is turned on, which leads to an increase in power consumption.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device including a light emitting element as a display element.
- the liquid crystal display device is provided with a switching element, and the switching element controls the liquid crystal display pixel electrode and the light emitting element, so that the display quality of the liquid crystal display panel can be improved, and power consumption can be reduced, and visibility and visibility can be improved. It becomes. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
- a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a display electrode and a second substrate having a counter electrode, which are separated by a predetermined gap.
- a liquid crystal display device arranged to face each other and having a liquid crystal layer in the gap, between the first substrate and the second substrate, an electroluminescent element, and the electroluminescent device
- An EL control switching element for controlling the element is provided.
- the EL control switching element is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate, and the EL control switching element is provided with an insulating film on the liquid crystal layer side via an insulating film. It is characterized in that an luminescent light emitting element is formed.
- the electroluminescent light emitting element is further formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate, and is insulated on the liquid crystal layer side of the electroluminescent light emitting element. It is characterized in that the EL control switching element is formed through a hole.
- liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the elect-opening luminescent element transmits light to the first substrate side and emits light to the first substrate side.
- an EL connection opening is formed in the insulating film, and the electro / luminescent light emitting element and the EL control switching element are connected through the EL connection opening. Are electrically connected.
- the liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the electroluminescent light emitting elements are a plurality of types of electroluminescent light emitting elements each emitting a different color.
- liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that a protective film for preventing the penetration of moisture into the electorescent luminescent element is provided on the electorescent luminescent element. .
- an insulating flattening film for flattening a step is formed on the electorescent luminescent light emitting element or the EL controlling switching element.
- a display electrode of a liquid crystal display element is formed on the flattening film.
- the liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the flattening odor further comprises a diffusion member for diffusing light.
- the liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the display electrode is a reflective electrode and has an opening in a region overlapping with the electroluminescent element.
- liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the surface of the reflective electrode has an uneven shape.
- liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the surface of the flattening film has an uneven shape.
- the liquid crystal display device may further include a switching element for controlling a liquid crystal layer for supplying a display signal to the liquid crystal layer, between the first substrate and the second substrate. It is provided so as to be connected to the display electrode.
- a display electrode is formed via an insulating film on a liquid crystal layer side of the switching element for controlling the liquid crystal layer, and the display electrode and the switching element for controlling the liquid crystal layer are different from each other. It is characterized by being electrically connected through an LC connection opening formed in the insulating film.
- the display electrode is formed in a region almost covering a set of two switching elements for controlling the liquid crystal layer and the switching element for EL control. It is characterized by having been done.
- the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is further characterized in that the switching element comprises a thin film transistor having a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode.
- the EL control switching element and the liquid crystal layer control switching element included in the same display pixel region have a gate electrode connected to each other,
- the electrodes are characterized by being independent of each other.
- the gate electrodes of the EL control switching elements included in the two adjacent display pixel regions are connected to each other.
- the liquid crystal layer system respectively included in The gate electrodes of the control switching elements are connected to each other, and the source electrodes of the EL control switching elements are connected to the source electrodes of the liquid crystal layer control switching elements included in adjacent display pixel regions. It is characterized by.
- the gate electrodes of the EL control switching elements included in the two adjacent display pixel regions are connected to each other, and in the two adjacent display pixel regions.
- the gate electrodes of the switching elements for controlling the liquid crystal layer included in the EL elements are independent of the gate electrodes of the switching elements for controlling the EL elements and are connected to each other, and are included in the same display pixel region.
- the source electrodes are independent of each other.
- the liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the switching element is a thin film transistor having a semiconductor layer made of a polysilicon thin film.
- the EL control switching element is a thin film transistor having a semiconductor layer formed of a polysilicon thin film, and the liquid crystal layer control switching element is formed of a semiconductor formed of an amorphous silicon film. It is a thin film transistor having a layer.
- liquid crystal display device is characterized in that a color filter is further provided between the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the liquid crystal layer is a mixed liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal and a transparent solid, and the scattering and the transmission are controlled by the strength of a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer. It is a scattering type liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is further characterized in that an organic insulating film for mixing a moisture absorbing member is provided between the first substrate and the display electrode. Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is characterized by further comprising at least a polarizing plate on a side of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display device further includes a liquid crystal layer that is opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the second substrate. It is characterized in that at least one retardation plate and a polarizing plate are sequentially provided on the opposite side from the second substrate side.
- liquid crystal display device is characterized by further comprising a light diffusion layer between the electroluminescent luminescent element and the polarizing plate.
- the liquid crystal display device is further characterized in that the liquid crystal display device further comprises a light diffusion layer between the electorescent luminescent light emitting element and the second substrate. Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention further includes an alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer and an arrangement of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate provided on the second substrate on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer. In which the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer is substantially maximized when no voltage is applied.
- the voltage at which the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer becomes substantially maximum during the light emission of the electorescent luminescent light emitting device is transmitted via the liquid crystal layer controlling switching device. It is characterized in that it is applied to a liquid crystal layer.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an entire portable information device having a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line ⁇ — ⁇ of FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view
- FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an entire portable information device having a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along
- FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a partial view illustrating a main part of the liquid crystal display device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view, and FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of the liquid crystal display device in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view showing a main part of a display pixel area of a liquid crystal display device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view showing a main part of a display pixel area of the liquid crystal display device in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 15 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of the liquid crystal display device in the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to a 12th embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing EL light emission in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of an element.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing EL light emission of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram schematically showing a gate electrode applied voltage and a light emission intensity when the element is driven in a time-division manner.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device for explaining a driving pattern of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a partially enlarged view showing a part of the display section of FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a waveform diagram showing drive waveforms when only the liquid crystal display element of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is driven.
- FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing a driving waveform when only the EL light emitting element of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is driven.
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a waveform diagram showing driving waveforms when both are driven.
- FIG. 23 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram showing an open state of a lid of a mobile phone to which the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 4 shows a mobile phone to which the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 25 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram showing a closed state of a telephone cover.
- FIG. 20 is a waveform diagram showing drive waveforms when only the liquid crystal display element of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is driven.
- FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing a driving waveform when only the EL light emitting element of the liquid
- FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a passive matrix EL light emitting device.
- FIG. 26 is a passive matrix EL light emitting device.
- FIG. 27 is a waveform diagram schematically showing a scanning electrode applied voltage and a light emission intensity when the pixel is driven in a time-division manner.
- FIG. 27 is a characteristic diagram schematically showing a relationship between the luminance of the organic EL light emitting element and the applied voltage.
- FIG. 28 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of a display device using a conventional EL light emitting element. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION One
- FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 A feature of the first embodiment is that a switching element for controlling an EL light emitting element and a liquid crystal are provided on a first substrate. The point is that a layer control switching element is formed. Another point is that the switching element for controlling the EL and the switching element for controlling the liquid crystal layer are formed on the same surface. Further, a reflective electrode constituting an EL light emitting element is used as a reflector of the liquid crystal layer.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of a liquid crystal display device with a built-in light emitting element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a portable information device having a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the portable information device taken along line AA shown in FIG.
- the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 alternately.
- the case of the portable information device 81 has a display section 96 for displaying an image. Beside this display section 96, a mode switching button 85 for changing the display contents, a scroll up / down (+) button 86, a scroll / return (one) button 87, a communication section 88, and ⁇ There is a switch button 89 that turns the portable information device 81 on and off.
- the portable information device 81 includes a liquid crystal display device P and a windshield 90 through which the display unit of the liquid crystal display device P can be seen.
- the circuit board 105 is provided on the case back 103 side of the case, and the liquid crystal display device P is mounted on the circuit board 105.
- the liquid crystal display device P includes, from the windshield 90 side (viewer side), a second substrate 41 provided with a second electrode (not shown in FIG. 3), a liquid crystal layer 51, and a second substrate.
- the basic configuration is a first substrate 1 provided with one electrode (not shown in FIG. 3) and an EL element 33.
- EL light emitting element 3 Organic EL as 3 A light-emitting element can be used.
- the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41 face each other at a predetermined distance, and a liquid crystal layer 51 is sealed in a space between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41. ing.
- the liquid crystal layer 51 is sealed with a sealing material and a sealing portion (not shown).
- the electrodes (not shown) of the second substrate 41 are connected to the signal terminals on the circuit substrate 105 by a conductive member (not shown).
- the communication section 88 disposed on the case is mounted on the communication circuit board 91.
- the communication circuit board 91 is connected to the circuit board 105 by an FPC 92 composed of a flexible printed circuit board (flexible printed circuit board: FPC).
- the communication unit 88 is used for transmission / reception or reception, and is a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor for position information, a pnolatooth transmission / reception sensor, or an infrared transmission / reception sensor.
- a battery 94 is attached to the circuit board 105 as an energy source by a battery holding panel 93.
- one shown by reference numeral 1 1 is a protective insulating film
- those indicated by reference numerals 5 5 is a polarizing plate
- those shown by reference numeral 5 6 is a phase difference plate 0
- TFT thin film transistors
- One thin film transistor 9 is an EL control switching element 17 for controlling the EL light emitting element 33.
- the other thin transistor 9 is a switching element 18 for controlling a liquid crystal layer which controls a liquid crystal display element which is a low power consumption display element.
- the EL control switching element 17 and the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are both formed in the same layer on the first substrate 1.
- the thin film transistor 9 made of a polysilicon semiconductor layer is manufactured as follows. First, a semiconductor layer 4 made of a polysilicon film is formed on a first substrate 1. On this semiconductor layer 4, a gate insulating film 3 made of an oxygen silicon film is formed. A source contact hole and a drain contact hole are formed in a part of the gate insulating film 3. Then, the source electrode 6 and the drain electrode 7 are connected to the source The semiconductor layer 4 is electrically connected to the impurity-doped semiconductor region 5 through the tact hole and the drain contact hole. Further, on the gate insulating film 3, a gate electrode 2 made of tungsten (W), which is a high melting point metal, is formed.
- W tungsten
- a passivation film 10 is formed on the thin film transistor 9 formed as described above. This is to prevent the characteristics of the thin film transistor 9 from being changed in a later light emitting element forming step or a liquid crystal display panel forming step.
- the drain electrode 7 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8.
- a flattening protective film 16 in which a moisture absorbing member is mixed with an organic insulating film such as ataryl resin is formed as an interlayer insulating film 25. This is to stabilize the characteristics of the light emitting element and prevent the characteristics of the thin-film transistor 9 from deteriorating.
- the moisture absorbing material for example, fine particles of barium oxide are used.
- the flattening protective film 16 is provided with one function of a moisture getter. In FIG. 1, the flattening protective film 16 is shown as a single layer.
- the flattening protective film 16 is made of an atalyl resin layer containing a large amount of barium oxide and giving priority to a moisture getter. It may have a multilayer structure in which an acrylic resin layer for improving the supportability is laminated. By doing so, the effect of preventing the EL light emitting element 33 from deteriorating is greater than when the flattening protective film 16 is composed of a single layer.
- the flattening protective film 16 has an EL for electrically connecting the drain electrode 7 of the EL control switching element 17 and the force source electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33 via the drain connection electrode 8.
- LC connection opening for electrically connecting the connection opening 13, the drain electrode 7 of the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer 18, and the display electrode 31 constituting a liquid crystal display pixel via the drain connection electrode 8.
- a light-emitting layer 23 composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex doped with lidone, a hole transport layer 35 composed of a triphenylamine derivative, and an anode electrode 21 of a fourth electrode composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film as a transparent conductive film 21 Are laminated in this order.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is constituted by the structure from the force source electrode 24 to the anode electrode 21.
- a protective insulating film 11 made of an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is provided on the EL light emitting element 33. This is to prevent the permeation of moisture into the EL light emitting element 33.
- a display electrode 31 made of indium tin oxide (ITI) is provided on the protective insulating film 11 as a transparent conductive film for driving liquid crystal. As described above, the display electrode 31 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8 of the thin film transistor 9 constituting the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 via the LC connection opening 14.
- the thin film transistor 9 provided on the first substrate 1 is an element for controlling two types of display elements, that is, a light emission control element of the EL light emitting element 33 and a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display element.
- the second substrate 41 Functions as an element for voltage control to 51.
- the second substrate 41 is opposed to the first substrate 1 with a predetermined gap.
- a counter electrode 42 that covers a plurality of display electrodes 31 arranged in a matrix is provided.
- the intersection between the display electrode 31 and the counter electrode 42 becomes a liquid crystal display pixel.
- An alignment film (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction is provided on a surface of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41 are bonded with a sealant 52 with a predetermined gap provided.
- a predetermined signal is applied to the connection electrode 36 on which the drive circuit unit (not shown) is mounted and the drive circuit unit It has an input electrode 37 for connection to an external circuit.
- a gap between the counter electrode 42 and the display electrode 31 is filled with a twisted nematic ( ⁇ ⁇ ) liquid crystal layer 51 having a twist angle from 60 degrees to 70 degrees.
- the reflected incident light 65 from the external light has a phase difference with the polarizer 55.
- the plate 56 changes to elliptically polarized light, and is modulated depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- a force electrode 24, which is a reflective electrode, is reached. Then, the polarized light is reversely twisted by the reflection electrode, passes through the liquid crystal layer 51 again, passes through the retardation plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55, and is emitted as reflected emission light 66 to the viewer side.
- the display is performed by controlling the strong reflected light and the very weak reflected light by the electro-optical change of the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the retardation plate 56 combines a 4 wavelength plate and a ⁇ wavelength plate, and when the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 51 is almost zero, the reflected light from the reflective electrode in the entire wavelength region of the visible light region. Is minimized on average by the polarizing plate 55.
- the liquid crystal display element should be a normally white type that is transparent when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal layer should be switched to drive the liquid crystal layer 51. It is sufficient that no signal is applied to the element 18.
- Providing the polarizing plate 55 and the retardation plate 56 is also effective for efficiently stopping the reflection of the force electrode 24 when the external environment is bright.
- the switching element 17 for EL control and the switching element 18 for controlling the night crystal layer are provided on the first substrate 1, and both switching elements 1 are provided. 7, 18 are covered with the cathode electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33. Therefore, these switching elements 17 and 18 cannot block the EL light emitting element 33. Therefore, a bright EL light emitting element 33 can be obtained.
- the reflection electrode of the liquid crystal display element since the reflectivity of the force source electrode 24 is used as a reflection electrode, the reflection electrode of the liquid crystal display element also has a switching element 17 for EL control and a switching element 18 for liquid crystal layer control. It is not obstructed by. Therefore, brightness and reflection can be displayed by the liquid crystal display element.
- the polarizing plate 55 and the phase difference plate 56 are displayed by the light emission of the EL light emitting element 3.
- the emission of the reflected light from the cathode electrode 24, which is a reflective electrode, is stopped in the P direction, and the contrast between the reflected light and the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL element 33 is increased. Has contributed to taking.
- the light emission from the EL light emitting element 33 causes an optical change due to the modulation of the liquid crystal layer 51 and the phase difference plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55.
- a voltage for reducing the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 51 is applied to the liquid crystal layer 51 in order to prevent the reflection from the force source electrode 24 and prevent the reflection.
- a silicon oxide film is used as the protective insulating film 11.
- a configuration in which another protective film made of an acrylic resin having a scattering property is provided as a light diffusion layer on the silicon oxide film may be used. Good. Then, when the viewer observes the reflection display of the liquid crystal display element, the direction of the viewer who can recognize the bright display can be widened. That is, since the reflected light is scattered by the protective insulating film 11, the light is diffused in various directions, and the viewing angle is widened.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- an EL control switching element 17 and a liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are provided for each pixel.
- a passivation film 10 and an interlayer insulating film 25 serving as an insulating film are provided, and the interlayer insulating film 25 is flattened.
- an electron transport layer (not shown) composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex (A1q), a light emitting layer 23 composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex doped with quinatalidone, and a triphenylamine derivative
- a hole transport layer 35 composed of a conductor and an anode electrode 21 of a fourth electrode composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film as a transparent conductive film are laminated in this order.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is configured by the configuration from the power source electrode 24 to the anode electrode 21.
- Protective insulation 11 is provided on the EL element 33 in order to prevent water from permeating into the EL element 33 and to prevent deterioration of the EL element 33 in a later step.
- the display electrode 31 made of a transparent conductive film is provided on the protective insulating film 11.
- a final protective film 32 is provided on the display electrode 31 in order to prevent intrusion of moisture or impurities.
- the second substrate 41 is opposed to the first substrate 1 with a predetermined gap.
- a color filter that transmits light in the visible wavelength region of red, blue, and green is provided on the surface of the second substrate 41 on the liquid crystal layer 51 side.
- FIG. 4 shows a red color filter 45 and a green color filter 46, and does not show a blue color filter.
- a CF overcoat layer 47 made of acrylic resin is provided on the red, blue and green color filters 45 and 46.
- an opposing electrode 42 made of a transparent conductive film is provided so as to cover the display electrodes 31 arranged in a matrix.
- An alignment film (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction is provided on a surface of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41 are adhered to each other with a predetermined gap between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41.
- An ultraviolet cut film 74 is adhered on the surface of the second substrate 41 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the UV light finolem 74 prevents the UV light from entering the liquid crystal layer 51.
- a predetermined signal is applied to a connection electrode 36 for mounting a drive circuit unit (not shown) and a drive circuit unit in order to apply a predetermined signal to the gate electrode or the source electrode.
- a liquid crystal layer 51 enclosed in a gap between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41 having an input electrode 37 for connection to an external circuit to be applied is composed of liquid crystal molecules and an atrial resin of an organic polymer material.
- Liquid crystal molecules have a refractive index (no) corresponding to ordinary light and a refractive index (ne) corresponding to extraordinary light. Refractive index of the transparent solid and transparent state and the scattering state of the liquid crystal and (n P), produced by the alignment of the difference and the liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules (1 1 0 11 6).
- PNM-157 manufactured by Dainippon Ink was used as a raw material of the liquid crystal layer 51, and after enclosing the liquid crystal, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 360 nm or more (3 OmW) was irradiated. Irradiation is performed for 60 seconds at an intensity of / cm 2 .
- the refractive index of liquid crystal no is 1.5, 116 is 1.7, and the refractive index of the transparent solid is about 1.5.
- the reflected incident light 65 from the external light source reflects the reflective electrode that constitutes the EL element 33.
- the reflected light 66 is specularly reflected by the force electrode 24 and the reflected light 66 is observed by the viewer.
- most of the reflected incident light 65 reverts to minute diffuse reflection, and passes through the color filters 45 and 46 as scattered light, so that the viewer perceives color and brightness.
- the specularly reflected light is recognized as a dark display because it is not emitted at angles other than the predetermined angle. Bright and dark display is performed based on the difference in light intensity between the specular reflection light and the diffuse reflection light.
- the reflective display in the liquid crystal display pixel having large scattering, not only the minute diffuse reflection in the liquid crystal layer 51 but also the reflected light from the reflective electrode provided on the first substrate 1 side is reflected. Repeats the minute diffuse reflection inside. Therefore, the emission intensity of the diffuse reflected light toward the viewer becomes higher than that of the liquid crystal alone due to the reflective electrode constituting the EL light emitting element 33.
- the transmissive display in which the EL light emitting element 33 is turned on, the transmitted and emitted light 61 passes through the liquid crystal layer 51 only once, so that the scattering degree is apparently reduced, and a sufficient contrast cannot be achieved.
- the liquid crystal layer 51 is in a transmissive state.
- the liquid crystal layer 51 is in a scattering state.
- the EL light emitting element 33 can be used even in a situation where the EL light emitting element 33 is used. Specular reflection from the constituent reflective electrode can be prevented.
- the light from the external light source can be prevented from being specularly reflected from the reflective electrode by setting a slight scattering state, so that a good display can be obtained.
- the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 becomes colored light by the color filters 45 and 46 and is emitted to the viewer side. That is, the color filters 45 and 46 have both functions of colorizing reflective display using liquid crystal and colorizing light emitting display using the EL light emitting element 33.
- an ultraviolet ray power film 74 made of a plastic film is provided on the viewer side of the second substrate 41.
- the ultraviolet and blue cut films 74 are useful for preventing the liquid crystal layer 51 and the EL light emitting element 33 from being deteriorated due to irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and for preventing the second substrate 41 from being damaged.
- the second embodiment since no polarizing plate is provided on the second substrate 41 of the liquid crystal display device with a built-in light emitting element, bright reflective display is possible. Further, when the EL light emitting element 33 is used, a bright light emitting display can be realized. Furthermore, the reflective display of the liquid crystal is enabled by using the reflective electrode of the organic EL light emitting element 33.
- the color filters 4.5, 46 enable colorization in both reflective display and luminescent display.
- an EL control switching element 17 and a liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are provided on the first substrate 1, and both switching elements 17 and 18 are EL light emitting elements 33
- the force is covered by the electrode 24. Therefore, the switching elements 17 and 18 do not block the EL light emitting element 33. Therefore, a bright EL light emitting element 33 is obtained.
- the EL light emitting element 33 emits white light, and the white light is transmitted as light in a predetermined visible light region by the color filters 45 and 46, so that color light is transmitted. Display becomes possible.
- the EL light emitting element in the process of providing the color filters 45 and 46 is provided. It is possible to prevent the characteristics of the element 33 from changing.
- the liquid crystal layer 51 a scattering type liquid crystal (normally transmission scattering type liquid crystal) which is in a transmission state when no voltage is applied. Then, when the EL light emitting element 33 emits light, the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer 51 can be maximized without supplying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the normally-scattering liquid crystal uses an alignment polymer (transparent solid), and the liquid crystal layer 51 is regularly arranged by the alignment polymer when no voltage is applied, so that the refractive index difference between the transparent solid and the liquid crystal is small. State.
- a feature of the third embodiment is that a display electrode is formed on an EL step flattened film formed by flattening an insulating film.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view enlarging a portion of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment. The third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.
- an EL control switching element 17 and a liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are provided for each pixel.
- a passivation film 10 and an interlayer insulating film 25 as an insulating film are provided, and the inter-brows insulating film 25 is flattened.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is formed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- a protective insulating film 11 is provided on the EL light emitting element 33 in order to prevent the permeation of moisture to the EL light emitting element 33 and to prevent deterioration in a later step of the EL light emitting element 33.
- Switching elements 17 and 18 and EL light emitting element An EL step flattening film 26 made of acrylic resin is provided in order to reduce the step caused by the element 33.
- a polishing process is performed after the formation of the acrylic resin, and the EL step flattening film 26 is thoroughly flattened. Then, the display electrode 31 is formed on the flattened EL step flattening film 26.
- the EL step flattening film 26 is used to electrically connect the drain electrode 7 of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 and the display electrode 31 forming the liquid crystal display pixel via the drain connection electrode 8.
- the LC connection opening 14 is formed.
- the display electrode 31 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8 of the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 via the LC connection opening 14.
- the EL step flattening film 26 it is easy to make the gap between the display electrode 31 and the counter electrode 42 constant. In other words, it is possible to the gap of the liquid crystal layer 5 1 constant, even as small as the thickness of force 2-3 microphone port meters the liquid crystal layer 5 1 (mu [pi iota), the liquid crystal layer thickness uniform over a large area It becomes possible.
- the switching element for EL control is constituted by a polysilicon thin film transistor having a polysilicon film as a semiconductor layer, and the switching element for liquid crystal layer control is formed by an amorphous silicon (a-Si) film. Is constituted by an amorphous silicon thin film transistor having a semiconductor layer. Further, in order to improve the connection between the drain connection electrode of the switching element for controlling the liquid crystal layer and the display electrode, an LC connection inclined opening is provided in the EL step flattening film which is an insulating film.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view enlarging a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- a thin film transistor 9a using a polysilicon film as a semiconductor layer 4 is provided as an EL control switching element 17.
- an amorphous silicon (a-Si) film is used as the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer.
- a thin film transistor 9b to be the body layer 4 is provided. Since the EL light emitting element 33 is a current control type, the semiconductor layer 4 is a polysilicon film through which a large amount of current can flow.
- the semiconductor layer 4 is an amorphous silicon (a-Si) film having a large off-resistance.
- a-Si amorphous silicon
- a passivation layer 10 and an interlayer insulating film 25 are provided on the switching elements 17 and 18, and the interlayer insulating film 25 is flattened.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is formed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- a protective insulating film 11 is provided on the EL light emitting element 33 in order to prevent the permeation of moisture to the EL light emitting element 33 and to prevent deterioration in a later step of the EL light emitting element 33.
- An EL step flattening film 26 made of an acrylic resin is provided on the protective insulating film 11 in order to reduce the steps caused by the switching elements 17 and 18 and the EL light emitting element 33.
- a polishing step is performed after the formation of the ataryl resin, and the EL step flattening film 26 is thoroughly flattened.
- the EL step flattening film 26 needs a film thickness of about 1 to 3 zm in order to flatten the steps of the switching elements 17 and 18 and the light emitting element 33. Therefore, when the display electrode 31 is connected to the drain connection electrode 8 connected to the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer, the EL step flat film 26 serving as the second protective insulating film is simply formed. The mere formation of an opening (contact hole) penetrating the EL step flat film 26 has a severe step coverage, and the display electrode 31 may be disconnected. In order to avoid disconnection of the display electrode 31, an LC connection inclined opening 15 having an inclined cross section may be provided in the EL step flattening film 26. Further, an LC connection opening 14 is provided in the interlayer insulating film 25. If the LC connection opening 14 also has an inclined cross-sectional shape, and if the area of the opening becomes too large, only the LC connection inclined opening 15 may have a shape having a slope.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is controlled by the polysilicon thin film transistor 9a. Then, the liquid crystal display element is made of amorphous silicon thin film. By controlling with the film transistor 9b, it is possible to improve the controllability of the EL light emitting element 33 and ensure the uniformity of the light emission intensity, and at the same time, it is possible to reduce the power consumption when driving the liquid crystal display element. is there.
- the alignment stability of the liquid crystal layer 51 can be improved and the generation of domains can be prevented.
- the connection between the display electrode 31 and the drain connection electrode 8 is also stabilized, and the display quality can be improved.
- a feature of the fifth embodiment is that irregularities are provided on the display electrode surface. Another feature is that a reflective electrode is provided over the display electrode, and the reflective electrode is provided with an opening through which light emitted from the light emitting element is transmitted.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment.
- an EL control switching element 17 and a liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are provided for each pixel.
- a passivation film 10 and an interlayer insulating film 25 are provided on the switching elements 17 and 18 to flatten the inter-brows insulating film 25.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is formed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- a protective insulating film 11 is provided in order to prevent the permeation of moisture to the EL light emitting element 33 and to prevent deterioration in a later step of the EL light emitting element 33.
- an uneven interlayer insulating film 27 having an uneven surface is photo-cured in order to reduce the water permeability to the EL light emitting element 33 and to make the display electrode surface uneven. It is formed using a conductive resin.
- the uneven interlayer insulating film 27 is used for electrically connecting the drain electrode 7 of the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer and the display electrode 31 constituting the liquid crystal display pixel via the drain connection electrode 8.
- the LC connection opening 14 is formed.
- a display electrode 31 made of a transparent conductive film is provided on the uneven interlayer insulating film 27.
- display The electrode 31 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8 of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 via the LC connection opening 14.
- a reflective electrode 28 made of an aluminum film and having a transmission opening 53 through which light emitted from the EL element 33 is transmitted is provided on the display electrode 31.
- the light When the light is reflected by the force source electrode 24, the light may be colored by the light emitting layer 23 of the EL light emitting element 33, an electron transport layer (not shown), or the like.
- the reflective electrode 28 close to the liquid crystal layer 51 as in the fifth embodiment almost the same reflection is possible in the visible light region, so that white display is possible. .
- a counter electrode 42 made of a transparent conductive film is provided on a surface of the second substrate 41 facing the first substrate 1 on the liquid crystal layer 51 side.
- the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41 are separated by a predetermined gap by a sealing material 52 and a spacer (not shown).
- a liquid crystal layer 51 is sealed in a gap between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41.
- the intersection of the display electrode 31 and the reflective electrode 28 with the counter electrode 42 becomes a liquid crystal display pixel.
- a phase difference ⁇ 56 and a polarizing plate 55 are provided on the surface of the second substrate 41 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 51 in order from the second substrate 41 side.
- a connection electrode 36 for mounting a drive circuit unit (not shown) and a predetermined signal to the drive circuit unit are provided on the first substrate 1. It has an input electrode 37 for connecting to an external circuit for applying a voltage.
- the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 is emitted from the transmission opening 53 provided in the reflection electrode 28 to the second substrate 41 side. Further, of the light emitted from the EL light emitting element 33, the light shielded by the reflective electrode 28 reflects the reflective electrode 28 provided on the uneven interlayer insulation layer 27 in various directions and the EL light emitting element 3 The light is emitted from the transmission opening 53 of the reflective electrode 28 by repeating the reflection of the cathode electrode 24 which is the reflective electrode of No. 3.
- the reflected incident light 65 from the external light source of the liquid crystal display device is reflected by the force electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33, is optically modulated by the liquid crystal layer 51, and is reflected to the viewer side as the emitted light 66. Emit.
- another reflected incident light 68 from the external light source The light is reflected by the reflective electrode 28 provided on the interlayer insulating film 27, and is emitted as reflected and emitted light 69, 70, 71 in various directions.
- the EL control switching element 17 and the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are provided on the first substrate 1 to control the EL light emitting element 33 and the liquid crystal display element.
- an uneven interlayer insulating film 27 is provided on the EL light emitting element 33, and the reflective electrode 28 reflects the light in various directions, and the reflective electrode 28 has a transmission opening 53.
- the light emitted from the EL light emitting element 33 can be emitted through the transmission opening 53 of the reflection electrode 28, and the reflection by the reflection electrode 28 having an uneven shape is also used. Bright display becomes possible.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.
- an EL control switching element 17 and a liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are formed by polysilicon thin film transistors 9a.
- a passivation film 10 and an interlayer insulating film 25 are provided on the switching elements 17 and 18, and the interlayer insulating film 25 is flattened.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is formed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- a protective insulating film 11 is provided on the EL light emitting element 33 in order to prevent the permeation of moisture to the EL light emitting element 33 and to prevent deterioration in a later step of the EL light emitting element 33.
- An EL step flattening film 26 made of an acrylic resin is provided on the protective insulating film 11 in order to reduce a step caused by the switching elements 17 and 18 and the EL element 33.
- the EL step flattening film 26 is made of acrylic resin and acrylic resin And a diffusion member 29 made of a transparent ball made of styrene having a different refractive index.
- the EL step flattening member 26 has a function of diffusing light because light is reflected at the interface between the acryl resin and the diffusion member 29 and the reflection is repeated a plurality of times at a short distance.
- the LC connection opening 14 is formed.
- the display electrode 31 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8 of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 via the LC connection opening 14.
- a counter electrode 42 made of a transparent conductive film is provided on the surface of the second substrate 41 on the liquid crystal layer 51 side, which is adhered to the first substrate 1 with a predetermined gap by a sealing material 52.
- a liquid crystal layer 51 is sealed in a gap between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 41.
- a retardation plate 56 and a polarizing plate 55 are provided in this order from the second substrate 41 side.
- a predetermined signal is applied to the connection electrode 36 on which the drive circuit unit (not shown) is mounted and the drive circuit unit. It has an input electrode 37 for connection to an external circuit.
- the emitted light from the EL light emitting element 33 is scattered in various directions by the diffusion member 29 in the EL step flattening film 26, and transmitted and emitted light 61, 62, 63 in various directions. Become.
- reflected incident light 68 from an external light source of the liquid crystal display device is reflected by the force electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33, is optically modulated by the liquid crystal layer 51, and is further scattered by the diffusion member 29. Then, reflected and emitted light 69, 70, 71 in various directions is obtained.
- the diffusion member 29 contained in the EL step flattening film 26 can impart a scattering property to the liquid crystal display element.
- light from the EL light emitting element 33 can be scattered.
- the retardation plate 56 is interposed between the second substrate 41 and the polarizing plate 55, but only the diffusion member 29 included in the EL step flattening film 26 is provided.
- the phase difference between the second substrate 41 and the retarder 56 or the retarder A diffusion layer may be provided between 56 and the polarizing plate 55.
- the feature of the seventh embodiment is that the light emitting layer of the EL light emitting element absorbs light, the transmitted light is colored, and the emission color is also colored, and the EL light emitting element emits light of different colors.
- This is a type of EL light emitting device.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.
- the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- a switching element 17 for EL control and a switching element 18 for liquid crystal layer control are formed by a polysilicon thin film transistor 9a.
- the passivation film 10 and the interlayer insulating film 25 are provided on the switching elements 17 and 18, and the interlayer insulating film 25 is flattened.
- a cathode electrode 24 made of a reflective metal electrode is formed of silver and a magnesium alloy.
- an electron transport layer (not shown) made of a quinolinol aluminum complex (A1q)
- -A hole transport layer 35 composed of a luminamine derivative (TPD)
- an anode electrode 21 composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film as a transparent conductive film
- the green light emitting element 33 g instead of the light emitting layer 23 made of the europium (Eu) complex of the red light emitting element 33 r on the power source electrode 24, light emission made of a terbium (Tb) complex is used. Layer 34 is used. The transmitted and emitted light 62 from the green light emitting element 33 g emits green light.
- FIG. 9 shows a red light emitting EL element 33 r and a light emitting layer 23, and a green light emitting EL element 33 g and a light emitting layer 34.
- a light emitting layer composed of a triphenylamine derivative (TPD) is used. The transmitted and emitted light of the blue light emitting EL element becomes blue. Red light, green light andordination ⁇ TM
- the red, green, and blue EL elements 33 r and 33 g are made of silicon oxide film on the EL elements 33 X and 33 g to prevent moisture from penetrating
- a protective insulating film 11 is provided.
- a display electrode 31 made of a transparent conductive film is provided on the protective insulating film 11.
- An LC connection opening 14 is provided in the protective insulating film 11 and the interlayer insulating film 25, and the display electrode 31 and the drain of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 are provided through the LC connection opening 14.
- the connection electrode 8 is electrically connected.
- a moisture permeation prevention film (not shown) made of a silicon nitride film, a tantalum oxide film or a silicon oxide film is provided on the display electrode 31. It is better to form.
- the moisture permeation prevention film is preferably a thin film having a large dielectric constant.
- a structure in which a moisture permeation preventing film is provided around the portion where the LC connection opening 14 and the display electrode 31 overlap and the periphery thereof is also effective. In order to prevent this, a structure in which a moisture permeation prevention film is provided on the entire surface is not sufficient in terms of reliability.
- the LC connection opening 14 is shown not to be too far from the light emitting element 3333 g. It is provided at a distance of about 100 m. This is to prevent moisture from entering the EL light emitting elements 33 r and 33 g from the LC connection opening 14.
- a counter electrode 42 covering a plurality of display electrodes 31 arranged in a matrix is provided on the surface of the second substrate 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 51 with a predetermined gap provided on the first substrate 1. Install. The intersection of the display electrode 31 and the counter electrode 42 is a liquid crystal display pixel.
- An alignment film (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction is provided on a surface of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 51.
- a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal layer 51 having a twist angle of any one of 60 degrees to 70 degrees is sealed.
- the reflected incident light 65 from the external light becomes elliptically polarized light by the polarizer 55 and the retarder 56, and is modulated depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the light reaches the force source electrode 24 which is a reflection electrode of the red light emitting EL element 33 r.
- the polarized light is reversely twisted by the reflective electrode, passes through the liquid crystal layer 51 again, passes through the phase difference plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55, and is emitted as reflected emission light 66 to the viewer side.
- the reflected emitted light 66 becomes red emitted light by the light emitting layer 23 constituting the red light emitting EL element 3 3].
- the other reflected incident light 68 becomes elliptically polarized light by the polarizing plate 55 and the phase difference plate 56, and is modulated depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the force sword electrode 24, which is a reflective electrode, reaches the electrode. Then, the polarized light is reversely twisted by the reflective electrode, passes through the liquid crystal layer 51 again, passes through the phase difference plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55, and is emitted as reflected reflected light 69 to the viewer side.
- the reflected emission light 69 becomes green emission light by the light emitting layer 34 constituting the green light emitting EL light emitting element 33 g.
- the liquid crystal layer 51 which is a light receiving element, is dark even in a bright display, so it is difficult to recognize the light and dark. Turn on 3r and 33g. At this time, the light emitted from the red, green, and blue EL light-emitting elements 33 r and 33 g is hardly absorbed by the liquid crystal layer 51, and almost no phase difference occurs in the liquid crystal layer 51. To prevent this, a voltage for reducing the phase difference, that is, a large voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the display element may be of a normally white type which becomes transparent when no voltage is applied, and no signal is applied to the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 for driving the liquid crystal layer 51.
- Providing the polarizing plate 55 and the retardation plate 56 is also effective in efficiently preventing the reflection of the cathode electrode 24 when the external environment is bright.
- a switching element 17 for EL control and a switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer are provided on the first substrate 1, and both switching elements 17 and 1 are provided. 8 is covered with a force source electrode 24 of each EL light emitting element 33 r and 33 g. Therefore, these switching elements 17 and 18 do not block the EL light emitting elements 33 r and 33 g. Therefore, bright EL light emitting elements 33 r and 33 g are obtained.
- the liquid crystal layer 51 is formed by utilizing the absorption characteristics of the light emitting layers 23 and 34 constituting the EL light emitting elements 33 r and 33 g at a specific wavelength and the force sword electrode 24 as a reflective electrode. Achieve color display when functioning the liquid crystal display element to be used.
- color display is performed by using the light emitting layers 23 and 34 that emit light of specific wavelengths, for example, red, green and blue. A brighter display can be achieved as compared to the case where a filter is used.
- a feature of the eighth embodiment is that an EL light emitting element is formed on a first substrate, and a switching element for controlling an EL and a switching element for controlling a liquid crystal layer are provided on the EL element.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the eighth embodiment.
- a force electrode 24 made of a reflective metal electrode of a third electrode is formed of aluminum and a magnesium alloy.
- an electron transport layer (not shown) composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex (A1q), a light-emitting layer 23 composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex doped with quinatalidone, and a hole transport layer composed of a triphenylamine derivative Layer 35 and indium oxide as transparent conductive film
- An anode electrode 21 of a fourth electrode made of a film (ITO) is laminated in this order.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is constituted by the structure from the cathode electrode 24 to the anode electrode 21.
- a protective insulating film 11 made of a silicon oxide film is provided in order to prevent penetration of moisture into the EL light emitting element 33.
- an interlayer insulating film 2 5 made of a silicon nitride film is used to reduce the level difference due to the EL light emitting element 3 3 and to prevent moisture from passing through the EL light emitting element 3 3. Is provided.
- an EL control switching element 17 composed of a polysilicon thin film transistor for controlling the EL light emitting element 33, and a liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal display element are provided.
- the drain connection electrode 8 connected to the EL controlling switching element 17 is connected to the anode electrode 21 of the EL light emitting element 3 3 through the EL connection opening 13 provided in the interlayer insulating film 25 and the protective insulating film 11. Connect electrically.
- An uneven interlayer insulating film 27 is formed on both the switching elements 17 and 18.
- a reflection electrode 28 made of an aluminum film is formed on the interlayer insulating film 27.
- a transmission opening 53 is provided in a portion of the reflection electrode 28 above the EL light emitting element 33, and the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 is emitted from the transmission opening 53.
- the reflection electrode 28 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8 of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 via the LC connection opening 14 provided in the uneven interlayer insulating film 27.
- the drain connection electrode 8 of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 7 of the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is first formed on the first substrate 1, and the EL light emitting element 33 is firmly protected by a film with low moisture and gas permeability. Therefore, there is no deterioration in the post-process of the EL light emitting element 33. Further, since the EL light emitting element 33 can be formed on a glass substrate, there is no problem that the switching elements 17 and 18 are damaged even if the mask for mask evaporation touches the substrate.
- the switching elements 17 and 18 are formed on the interlayer insulating layer 25, EL There is no characteristic change or deterioration of the switching elements 17 and 18 in the light emitting element forming process. After the EL light emitting element 33 and the switching elements 17 and 18 are formed, the EL connection opening 13 is formed, and the drain connection electrode 8 is formed in the same vacuum chamber. The contamination of the EL element 33 can be made almost negligible.
- a feature of the ninth embodiment is that an EL light emitting element is formed on a first substrate, and a switching element for controlling an EL and a switching element for controlling a liquid crystal layer are provided on the EL light emitting element. Another feature is that light emission display is performed by the EL light emitting element on the surface opposite to the surface on which reflection display is performed by the liquid crystal display element.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the ninth embodiment. The ninth embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.
- an anode electrode 21 of a fourth electrode made of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film is formed as a transparent conductive film.
- a hole transport layer 35 composed of a triphenylamine derivative, a light emitting layer 23 composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex doped with quinacridone, and an electron transport layer composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex (Alq) (shown in FIG. Are formed in this order.
- a cathode electrode 24 made of a reflective 'I "raw metal electrode of the third electrode is formed of aluminum and magnesium alloy.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is formed by the configuration from the anode electrode 21 to the cathode electrode 24. Constitute.
- a protective insulating film 11 made of a silicon oxide film is provided in order to prevent moisture from penetrating into the EL light emitting element 33.
- An interlayer insulating film 25 made of a silicon nitride film is provided on the protective insulating film 11 in order to reduce the level difference of the EL light emitting element 33 and to prevent moisture from permeating the EL light emitting element 33.
- an EL control switching element 17 for controlling the EL light emitting element 33 and a liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal display element are provided.
- the switching element 17 for EL control and the switching element 18 for liquid crystal layer control are composed of amorphous silicon thin film transistors using a morphous silicon (a-Si) film as a semiconductor layer. Since the amorphous silicon thin film transistor can be manufactured by a low-temperature manufacturing process, it is suitable to be formed on the organic EL element 33 via the protective insulating film 11 and the interlayer insulating film 25.
- the drain connection electrode 8 connected to the switching element 17 for EL control is provided in the interlayer insulating film 25 and the protective insulating film 11 1.
- the power source electrode of the EL light emitting element 3 3 is provided through the EL connection opening 13. Electrically connect to 24.
- An uneven interlayer insulation layer 27 is formed on both switching elements 17 and 18.
- a reflection electrode 28 made of an aluminum film is formed on the interlayer insulating film 27.
- a first retardation plate 56 and a first polarizing plate 55 are laminated.
- the reflected incident light 65 incident from the second substrate 41 side passes through the liquid crystal layer 51, is reflected by the reflective electrode 28, and exits again from the second substrate 41 side through the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the light emitted from the EL light emitting element 33 passes through the first substrate 1 and is emitted downward in FIG. 11 (transmitted and emitted light 61).
- a second retardation plate 59 and a second polarizing plate 58 are laminated.
- the liquid crystal display device of the ninth embodiment described above is a color display device
- the following configuration may be used.
- the reflection display by the liquid crystal display element is colored, for example, a configuration having a color filter may be used as in the liquid crystal display device according to the above-described second embodiment.
- the first substrate 1 may be provided with a color filter, or may be colored as in the liquid crystal display device in the seventh embodiment described above.
- a configuration using an EL light-emitting element that emits light may be employed.
- the reflection display by the liquid crystal display element can be observed from the second substrate 41 side, while the light emission display by the EL light emitting element 33 is observed from the first substrate 1 side. be able to. That is, in the ninth embodiment, the double-sided display is It becomes possible.
- the reflective electrode 28 since it is not necessary to provide the reflective electrode 28 with a transmission opening for transmitting and emitting light from the EL light emitting element 33, the reflective electrode 28 can be formed in a large area, and bright display can be performed. Become.
- there is no switching element or reflective electrode that blocks transmitted and emitted light from the EL light emitting element 33 display by light emission of the EL light emitting element 33 can be performed efficiently.
- FIG. 12, FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are schematic plan views showing three examples in which the EL control switching element and the liquid crystal layer control switching element have different plane positions.
- the tenth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 12, FIG. 13 and FIG.
- the switching element 17 for EL control and the switching element 18 for liquid crystal layer control have source electrodes.
- the first source electrode 79 is for the switching element 17 for controlling the EL
- the second source electrode 80 is for the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer.
- the display pixel area 76 is composed of one display electrode 31 for the liquid crystal display element and one of the force source electrode 24 or the anode electrode 21. And a region having
- Each switching element 17, 18 includes a source electrode 79, 80, a semiconductor layer 4 made of an amorphous silicon film or a polysilicon film, a drain electrode 7, an impurity doped semiconductor region 5 (not shown), and a gate. It comprises an insulating film 3 (not shown), a gate electrode 2, and a drain connection electrode 8 (not shown) connected to the drain electrode 7.
- the drain connection electrode 8 connected to the EL control switching element 17 is connected to the anode electrode 21 or the force sword electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33.
- the drain connection electrode 8 of the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer is • Connect to display electrode 31 or reflective electrode 28.
- the switching element 17 for EL control and the switching element 18 for liquid crystal layer control in the same display pixel area are connected to different source electrodes 79, 80.
- a different current is required between the EL light emitting element 33 and the liquid crystal display element, and the voltage applied between the source electrode 79, 80 and the drain electrode 7 is different. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 12, the configuration in which the switching elements 17 for EL control and the switching elements 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer 18 are connected to different source electrodes 79, 80 is more controllable. Is preferred.
- the switching elements 17 for EL control and the switching elements 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer 18 are compared with the case where the gate electrodes are individually provided. However, the area occupied by the gate electrode 2 can be reduced.
- a second example of the planar arrangement will be described.
- a feature of the planar arrangement shown in FIG. 13 is that a switching element connected to a gate electrode is different in an adjacent display pixel region.
- the switching element 17 for EL control is arranged on the back side of the drawing, and the right display pixel region 7 7 on the right side of the drawing.
- the EL control switching element 17 is arranged on the near side in the drawing.
- the arrangement of the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer is opposite to the arrangement of the switching element 17 for controlling the EL.
- the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 is arranged on the front side of the drawing, and in the right display pixel area 77 described on the right side of the drawing.
- the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer is arranged at the back of the drawing.
- the EL control switching element 17 in the right display pixel area 77 is connected to the first source electrode 79.
- the EL control switching element 17 in the left display pixel area 78 is connected to the second source electrode 80.
- the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer of the left display pixel area 78 is connected to the first source electrode 79.
- the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 of FIG. 7 is connected to the second source electrode 80.
- the EL control switching element 17 in the right display pixel area 77 and the EL control switching element 17 in the left display pixel area 78 are connected to the same gate electrode 2.
- the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer in the right display pixel area 77 and the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer in the left display pixel area 78 are connected to the same gate electrode 2. Therefore, the switching element 17 for EL control and the switching element 18 for liquid crystal layer control in the same display pixel area are connected to different gate electrodes 2. This sequence is repeated.
- the EL control switching element 17 is connected to the second source electrode. 80, and the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer is connected to the first source electrode 79.
- the EL control switching element 17 is connected to the first source electrode 7 9 and the liquid crystal layer controlling switching element 18 is connected to the second source electrode 80.
- the EL control switching element 17 and the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 in the same display pixel area are connected to different source electrodes 79 and 80.
- a different current is required for the EL light emitting element 33 and the liquid crystal display element, and the voltage applied between the source electrodes 79 and 80 and the drain electrode 7 is different. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, a configuration in which the EL control switching element 17 and the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are connected to different source electrodes 79 and 80 has better controllability and is preferable. .
- the source electrode for the EL control switching element 17 and the source electrode for the liquid crystal layer control switching element 18 are individually wired for each of the display pixel areas 77 and 178, the source electrode Since the number of wirings is doubled, the probability of disconnection increases, and when the area of the EL light emitting element 33 is increased, the overlap between the EL light emitting element 33 and the wiring increases, resulting in the characteristics of the EL light emitting element 33 It causes deterioration. Example shown in Fig. 13 According to this, such an inconvenience can be avoided.
- FIG. 14 A third example of the planar arrangement will be described.
- the example shown in FIG. 14 is characterized by separately providing a source electrode and a gate electrode for the EL control switching element and the liquid crystal layer control switching element in order to reduce power consumption.
- the EL control switching element 17 is connected to the first source electrode 79 and the first gate electrode 72.
- the switching element 18 for controlling the liquid crystal layer is connected to the second source electrode 80 and the second gate electrode 73.
- the first source electrode 79 and the second source electrode 80 have a laminated structure with an insulating film interposed therebetween.
- the first source electrode 79 is formed of a source electrode material
- the second source electrode 80 is formed.
- Is formed of a gate electrode material, and an interlayer insulating film is provided between the first source electrode 79 and the second source electrode 80.
- the first gate electrode 72 and the second gate electrode 73 can have a stacked structure. In particular, at the intersections between the source electrodes 79, 80 and the gate electrodes 72, 73, openings are formed in the insulating film around them, and the arrangement of the upper and lower source electrodes and data electrodes is changed. Thereby, two-layer wiring becomes possible.
- a feature of the eleventh embodiment is that an EL light emitting element and a switching element for controlling the EL light emitting element are provided in a passive matrix liquid crystal display panel. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device of the eleventh embodiment is not provided with a switching element for controlling a liquid crystal layer.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device with a light-emitting element according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the eleventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- a thin-film transistor 9 made of a polysilicon film is provided on the first substrate 1.
- the thin film transistor 9 is an EL control switching element 17 for controlling the EL light emitting element 33.
- the characteristics of the thin film transistor 9 are prevented from being changed in a later light emitting element forming step or a liquid crystal display panel forming step. Therefore, a passivation film 10 is formed on the thin film transistor 9.
- the drain electrode 7 is electrically connected to the drain connection electrode 8.
- an inter-layer insulating film 25 as an insulating film is provided and flattened.
- the interlayer insulating film 25 is used to electrically connect the drain electrode 7 of the EL control switching element 17 and the power source electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33 via the drain connection electrode 8.
- a force sword electrode 24 as a reflective metal electrode of a third electrode is formed of aluminum and a magnesium alloy on the interlayer insulating film 25.
- an electron transporting layer 22 composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex (A1q), a light emitting layer 23 composed of a quinolinol aluminum complex doped with quinacridone, and a positive electrode composed of a triphenylenylamine derivative
- a hole transport layer 35 and an anode electrode 21 of a fourth electrode made of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film as a transparent conductive film are laminated in this order.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is constituted by the configuration from the force source electrode 24 to the anode electrode 21.
- a protective insulating film 11 made of an insulating film such as an silicon oxide film is provided on the EL light emitting element 33.
- a striped display electrode 31 made of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film is provided as a transparent conductive film for driving liquid crystal.
- the second substrate 41 is opposed to the first substrate 1 with a predetermined gap.
- a striped counter electrode 42 in a direction substantially orthogonal to the display electrode 31 is provided on the surface of the second substrate 41 on the liquid crystal layer 51 side.
- the intersection of the display electrode 31 and the counter electrode 42 is a liquid crystal display pixel.
- an alignment film (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction is provided on the surface of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 51.
- a liquid crystal layer 51 made of a super twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between the counter electrode 42 and the display electrode 31.
- STN super twisted nematic
- the light becomes elliptically polarized light by the phase difference plate 56 and is modulated depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 51, and reaches the force sword electrode 24, which is a reflective electrode. And reverse at the reflective electrode The polarized light is twisted, passes through the liquid crystal layer 51 again, passes through the phase difference plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55, and is emitted as reflected reflected light 66 to the viewer side.
- the phase difference plate 56 that performs display by controlling strong reflected light and very weak reflected light by the electro-optical change of the liquid crystal layer 51 combines a 1/4 wavelength plate and a 1Z 2 wavelength plate. When the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 51 is substantially zero, the light reflected from the reflective electrode is minimized by the polarizer 55 in the entire wavelength region of the visible light region on average.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is turned on. At this time, a voltage for reducing the phase difference, that is, a large voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 51. This is because the light emitted from the EL light emitting element 33 is hardly absorbed by the liquid crystal layer 51, and the phase difference is hardly generated in the liquid crystal layer 51.
- Providing the polarizing plate 55 and the retardation plate 56 is also effective in efficiently preventing the reflection of the force source electrode 24 when the external environment is bright.
- the liquid crystal display device using the passive matrix type display panel is also provided on the first substrate 1 as in the first embodiment. Since the EL controlling switching element 17 is covered with the force source electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33, the EL controlling switching element 17 does not block the EL light emitting element 33. Therefore, a bright EL light emitting element 33 can be obtained.
- the reflection electrode of the liquid crystal display element is not blocked by the EL control switching element 17. Therefore, bright reflective display by the liquid crystal display element is possible. Further, in the case where the display is performed by the light emission of the EL light emitting element 33, the polarizing plate 55 and the phase difference plate 56 prevent the reflected light from being emitted from the cathode electrode 24 which is a reflective electrode. The contrast between the light and the transmitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 can be increased.
- a feature of the first and second embodiments is that in a liquid crystal display device in which an EL light emitting element and a switching element for controlling the EL light emitting element are embedded in a passive matrix type liquid crystal display panel, the light emitting element, the second substrate, The point is that a color filter is provided between them. Another feature is that white light is emitted from the light emitting element.
- the liquid crystal display device of the twelfth embodiment is not provided with a switching element for controlling a liquid crystal layer.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal display device according to the 12th embodiment of the present invention.
- the 12th embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- an EL control switching element 17 is provided for each pixel.
- a passivation film 10 and an interlayer insulating film 25 as an insulating film are provided on the switching element 17, and the interlayer insulating film 25 is flattened.
- a cathode electrode 24, which is a reflective metal electrode of the third electrode is formed of aluminum and a magnesium alloy.
- an electron transport layer 22 composed of a quinolino-monoaluminum complex (A1q), a light-emitting layer 23 composed of a quinolinol-doped quinolinol aluminum complex, and a hole transport layer composed of a triphenylenylamine derivative
- a layer 35 and a fourth anode electrode 21 made of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film as a transparent conductive film are laminated in this order.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is configured by the configuration from the force source electrode 24 to the anode electrode 21.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is provided on the EL light emitting element 33 to prevent water from permeating into the EL light emitting element 33.
- a protective insulating film 11 is provided on the protective insulating film 11, a striped display electrode 31 made of a transparent conductive film is provided.
- the second substrate 41 is opposed to the first substrate 1 with a predetermined gap.
- a red color filter 45 transmitting light in a red visible light wavelength region and a blue color filter transmitting light in a blue visible light wavelength region are provided.
- a green color filter 4 6 that transmits light in the green visible light wavelength region You.
- a stripe-shaped counter electrode 42 in a direction substantially orthogonal to the display electrode 31. The intersection of the display electrode 31 and the counter electrode 42 is a liquid crystal display pixel.
- An alignment film (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction is provided on a surface of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 51.
- a liquid crystal layer 51 made of a single part is nematic (STN) liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between the counter electrode 42 and the display electrode 31.
- a light diffusion layer 39, a retardation plate 56 and a polarizing plate 55 are provided in this order from the second substrate 41 side.
- the light diffusion layer 39 is obtained by mixing a dispersion material (spacer) having a different refractive index into an acrylic resin.
- the light diffusion layer 39 scatters the reflected and emitted light 66 from the liquid crystal display element and the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33, thereby improving the visibility.
- the reflected incident light 65 from the external light becomes elliptically polarized light by the polarizer 55 and the retarder 56, and is modulated depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the force electrode which is a reflective electrode, reaches electrode 24.
- the polarized light is reversely twisted at the reflective electrode, passes through the liquid crystal layer 51 again, passes through one of the color filters 44, 45, and 46, and passes through the retardation plate 56 and the polarizing plate 55. Then, it is emitted as colored anti-emission light 66 to the viewer side.
- the EL light emitting element 33 is turned on. At this time, a voltage for reducing the phase difference, that is, a large voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 51. This is because the light emitted from the EL light emitting element 33 is hardly absorbed by the liquid crystal layer 51, and the phase difference is hardly generated in the liquid crystal layer 51.
- the transmitted and emitted light 61 from the EL light emitting element 33 becomes colored light in the color filters 44, 45, and 46 and is emitted to the viewer side. That is, the color filters 44, 45, and 46 have both functions of colorizing reflective display using liquid crystal and colorizing light emitting display using the EL light emitting element 33.
- the passive matrix The color filters 44, 45, and 46 enable color display in both reflective display and light-emitting display even in a liquid crystal display device using a display panel of the same type. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, since the EL control switching element 17 provided on the first substrate 1 is covered with the force source electrode 24 of the EL light emitting element 33, the EL The control switching element 17 does not block the EL light emitting element 33. Therefore, a bright EL light emitting element 33 can be obtained.
- the reflection electrode of the liquid crystal display element since the reflective property of the force electrode 24 is used as the reflection electrode, the reflection electrode of the liquid crystal display element is not blocked by the EL control switching element 17. Therefore, bright reflective display by the liquid crystal display element is possible.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of an EL light emitting element in each of the liquid crystal display devices according to the first to 12th embodiments.
- FIG. 18 is a waveform diagram schematically showing the gate electrode applied voltage and the light emission intensity when the EL light emitting element of each of the liquid crystal display devices according to the first to the 12th embodiments is time-divisionally driven.
- FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a passive matrix EL light emitting device.
- FIG. 26 is a waveform diagram schematically showing the scan electrode applied voltage and the light emission intensity when the passive matrix EL light emitting element is driven in a time-division manner. ).
- FIG. 27 is a characteristic diagram schematically showing the relationship between the luminance of the organic EL light emitting device and the applied voltage.
- FIG. 17, FIG. 18, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, and FIG. The advantage of driving the device by the active matrix method will be described.
- a striped scanning electrode 401 and a striped data electrode 402 in a direction substantially orthogonal to the scanning electrode 401 are provided.
- the organic EL light emitting element 33 provided in each display pixel area 76 is disposed at each intersection of the scanning electrode 401 and the data electrode 402, and is provided between the scanning electrode 401 and the data electrode 402. Connected to. Scan electrode by drive circuit not shown When a selection signal is applied to 401 and a data signal is applied to data electrode 402, the EL emission connected to the scanning electrode 401 selected by the selection signal and the data electrode 402 to which the data signal is applied. Element 33 lights up. A plurality of scan electrodes 401 are sequentially selected, so that time-division driving is performed.
- the time-division driving of the passive matrix light emitting element for example, if there are 1000 scanning electrodes 401, as shown in FIG. 26, for example, one screen display time at 30 Hz is 16.6 ms as shown in FIG. Since 1000 scanning electrodes 401 are sequentially selected during this one screen display time, the selection time per one scanning electrode is 16 ⁇ s. That is, the time during which the voltage of the selection signal is applied to each scanning electrode 401 is 16 ⁇ s.
- Figure 26 shows the first (Fig. (A)), the 500th (Fig. (B)), the 1000th (Fig. (C)), and the first (Fig. (D)) of the next screen. Only when a voltage is applied to each scanning electrode 401, the EL light emitting element connected to each scanning electrode 401 and to which a data signal is applied is lit. The voltage is applied to the second scan electrode 401 at the same time when the voltage application to the first scan electrode 401 is completed. Thereafter, a voltage is sequentially applied to the 1000th scan electrode 401, and simultaneously with the completion of the voltage application to the 1000th scan electrode 401, the next screen display is started, and the first scan electrode 401 is applied again. A voltage is applied.
- each organic EL light emitting element Since the organic EL light emitting element has a high response speed, it is turned on when a voltage is applied, and is turned off at the same time as the end of the voltage application. Therefore, the lighting time of each organic EL element is 16 ⁇ s. In other words, each organic EL light emitting element is turned on for 16 s out of 16.6 ms, which is one screen display time, and is turned off until the next screen is turned on. However, to the viewer, the EL image appears to be lit during the one-screen display time due to the afterimage effect.
- the waveform of the solid line indicates the voltage applied to the scanning electrode, and the waveform of the broken line indicates the emission intensity.
- the emission luminances of the organic EL light emitting elements required are 100 cd / m 2 , 5000 cd / m 10000 cd dZm 2, respectively. And 100000 cd / m 2 , and the applied voltage at that time is 3.5 V, 5.0 V, 7.0 OV, and 11. OV, respectively.
- the half-life indicating the degree of deterioration of the organic EL light-emitting element is 50,000 hours, 15,000 hours, 3500 hours, and 5 ° C, respectively. Time.
- the organic EL light emitting element As described above, the deterioration of the characteristics remarkably progresses due to the increase in the applied voltage. Therefore, when the organic EL light emitting element is incorporated in the liquid crystal display device as in each of the above-described embodiments, if the organic EL light emitting element is driven by a passive matrix method, the organic EL light emitting element has a longer life than the liquid crystal. The life of the device is significantly shortened. Also, due to variations in the characteristic deterioration rate of each organic EL light emitting element, unevenness in light emission display by the EL light emitting element occurs relatively early. In the case where an organic EL light emitting element is incorporated in a liquid crystal display device, there is a problem of solving these disadvantages.
- the EL light emitting element built in the liquid crystal display device is driven by the active matrix method as in the first to the 12th embodiments described above.
- a memory element 4 11 composed of a capacitor is connected to the drain electrode 7 of the EL control switching element 17.
- the time required for selection is, for example, about 0.1 ms.
- Fig. 18 shows the first screen (Fig. (A)), the 500th screen (Fig. (B);), the 1000th screen (Fig. (C)), and the first screen ( A voltage is applied to each gate electrode in FIG. 4 (d)), and the EL light-emitting element is lit during one screen display time.
- the voltage is applied to the second gate electrode at the same time as the end of the voltage application to the first gate electrode. Thereafter, the voltage is sequentially applied to the 1000th gate electrode, and after the application of the voltage to the 1000th gate electrode is completed, the display of the next screen is completed at the same time when one screen display time ends. Once started, voltage is applied to the first gate electrode again.
- the solid line waveform indicates the voltage applied to the gate electrode
- the broken line waveform indicates the emission intensity.
- the EL light-emitting element While the voltage of the selection signal is applied to each gate electrode for 0.1 ⁇ s, the EL light-emitting element is turned on by the voltage applied to the gate electrode, and at the same time, electric charge is accumulated in the memory element 4111. After the voltage application to each gate electrode is completed, the EL element is supplied with electric charge from the memory element 411. As a result, most of the time after the voltage application to the gate electrode is completed and the gate electrode is selected for the next screen display, the EL light emitting element is actually lit. . Therefore, it is possible to achieve a sufficiently high emission luminance without applying a large current to the EL element in a short time as in the case of driving the passive matrix organic EL element in a time-division manner. Therefore, the characteristic deterioration rate of the EL light emitting element can be extremely slowed, so that a life equivalent to the display life of the liquid crystal can be obtained.
- FIG. 19 is an enlarged view showing a part of the display unit of the liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing driving waveforms when only the liquid crystal display element is driven.
- Fig. 21 shows the EL light emitting device
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a driving waveform when only driving is performed.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing driving waveforms when driving both a liquid crystal display element and an EL light emitting element. The respective drive patterns will be described below with reference to FIGS. 19, 20, 21, and 22.
- the pixel 423 of 3 is displayed in white.
- the liquid crystal display element is a normally white type that becomes transparent when no voltage is applied.
- the liquid crystal display element driving waveform (source electrode applied waveform) is set so that the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer is minimized. It has a waveform that applies the maximum voltage to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display device is driven by an alternating current to prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display element drive waveform (waveform applied to the source electrode) is such that the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer is the transmittance corresponding to the gray scale of gray display.
- the waveform is such that an appropriate voltage smaller than the maximum voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display element drive waveform (waveform applied to the source electrode) has the minimum voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer so that the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer is maximized. Do not apply force or voltage that results in a waveform that applies. No voltage is applied to the EL element for any pixel.
- the EL light emitting element driving waveform (source electrode applied wave 'shape) is a waveform for applying the minimum voltage to the EL light emitting element. No force or voltage is applied. At this time, the EL light emitting element does not light.
- the EL light emitting element drive waveform (source electrode The applied waveform is a waveform that applies an appropriate voltage smaller than the maximum voltage to the EL light emitting element so that the luminance of the EL light emitting element becomes a luminance corresponding to the gray scale of gray display.
- the EL light emitting element driving waveform (source electrode applied waveform) is a waveform that applies the maximum voltage to the EL light emitting element. At this time, the EL light-emitting element lights up at the maximum luminance. For each pixel, no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element in order to maximize the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display element drive waveform (source electrode applied waveform) has the minimum transmittance of the liquid crystal layer. As described above, the waveform becomes a waveform for applying the maximum voltage to the liquid crystal layer. Also, the EL light emitting element driving waveform (source electrode applied waveform) does not apply a force or a voltage that has a waveform that applies a minimum voltage to the EL light emitting element so that the EL light emitting element does not light. Therefore, a very dark black display is possible.
- the liquid crystal display element drive waveform (source electrode applied waveform) has the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer according to the gray display gradation.
- the waveform is such that an appropriate voltage smaller than the maximum voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer.
- the EL light emitting element driving waveform (waveform applied to the source electrode) applies an appropriate voltage smaller than the maximum voltage to the EL light emitting element so that the luminance of the EL light emitting element becomes a luminance corresponding to the gray scale of gray display. It becomes the waveform to be applied.
- the liquid crystal display element drive waveform (source electrode applied waveform) has a minimum voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer so that the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer is maximized. Do not apply any force or voltage that results in a waveform
- the EL light emitting element driving waveform (waveform applied to the source electrode) is a waveform that applies the maximum voltage to the EL light emitting element so that the EL light emitting element is lit at the maximum luminance. Therefore, a very bright white display is possible.
- the liquid crystal display element is driven only and the EL light emitting element is not driven.
- the liquid crystal display element is driven only the EL light emitting element and the liquid crystal display element is not driven.
- n respective operation patterns with three operation patterns cases to drive both the EL light emitting element
- the passive matrix type and the active matrix type in the driving waveform of the liquid crystal display element.
- each of the liquid crystal display devices of the above-described first to 12th embodiments is carried. This is applied to a mobile phone.
- foldable mobile phones With the increase in the information content of Internet connection display contents and mail display contents, foldable mobile phones have been used in mobile phones to enlarge the display screen and prevent erroneous operation of buttons when not in use. is there.
- a sub liquid crystal display panel is provided on the front cover. By providing the sub liquid crystal display panel, it is possible to display limited information even in a folded state.
- the liquid crystal display devices of the above-described first to 12th embodiments are used for one or both of the main liquid crystal display panel and the sub liquid crystal display panel.
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a three-dimensional schematic view showing a state in which characters and images are displayed on the main liquid crystal display panel (first display panel) by opening the cover of the mobile phone from the main body of the mobile phone.
- Fig. 24 shows a state in which the lid of the mobile phone is closed, miniaturized, characters and images are displayed on the sub LCD panel (second display panel), and the main LCD panel is not displayed. It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram shown.
- the mobile phone 300 can be opened and closed by a hinge 300.
- the mobile phone main unit 302 is provided with a plurality of input buttons 304 for performing numeral or character input, mode selection, a power switch, screen scrolling, and the like, and a microphone 307.
- a first display panel 204 and a second display panel 205 are arranged on the back of the mobile phone back-to-back, and a speaker 303 is provided on the side where the first display panel is mounted. I have. ⁇
- the first display panel 204 has communication contents, The mail content, Internet information, phone number, battery level, reception status, and information required by the user are displayed.
- the mobile phone back cover 301 is provided with an antenna 303 and an image sensor 308.
- the second display panel 205 is in a display state.
- the shooting status of the image sensor 308, mail reception information, reception status, remaining battery power, and mobile phone information are displayed.
- the display capacity of the second display panel 205 is smaller than that of the first display panel 204.
- the configuration of the low molecular EL light emitting element has been described as the light emitting element.
- the present invention is not limited to the low molecular EL light emitting element. It goes without saying that it can be used.
- the structure of the organic EL light emitting device is not limited to the structure of the above-described embodiment, and may include, for example, a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the light emitting element on the side facing the liquid crystal of the substrate constituting the liquid crystal display element, so that the light emitting element is disposed outside the liquid crystal display panel. Thinning is possible.
- liquid crystal display elements and external circuits Alternatively, the connection between the light emitting element and the external circuit can be achieved by the same substrate, so that the handling becomes very simple.
- the EL light emitting element as the light emitting element, the luminous efficiency is high and the power consumption can be reduced. Further, since the light emitting layer of the EL light emitting element is a thin film, it can be made thinner. In addition, since the force source electrode of the EL light emitting element is formed of a metal electrode having a small work function, it is possible to use the force source electrode also as a reflector of the liquid crystal display element.
- the individual display elements are controlled to control the EL light emitting element and the liquid crystal display element.
- Display performance can be maximized.
- the EL light emitting element in the upper layer of the switching element, the light emission of the EL light emitting element is not blocked by the switching element, so that it is not necessary to consider the area for forming the switching element.
- the reflective electrode that constitutes the EL light emitting element as a reflector of the liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal display element can be configured to be overlaid on the EL light emitting element. Not only does it not only block the light emission of the EL light-emitting element, but also keeps the light emission of the EL element large. That is, a bright EL emission display and a bright reflection display by the liquid crystal display element can be achieved.
- the liquid crystal display element seals the liquid crystal with a sealant, it is possible to prevent entry of moisture. Therefore, deterioration of the EL light emitting element due to moisture can be prevented. Further, by providing a protective film made of, for example, a silicon nitride film on the EL light emitting element, deterioration of the EL light emitting element due to moisture can be further reduced.
- the liquid crystal display element by using a reflective electrode as the first electrode constituting the liquid crystal display element, it is possible to achieve a bright display by the liquid crystal display element and to emit light emitted from the light emitting element to the first substrate side. can do. Therefore, the reflection display by the liquid crystal display element is recognized through the second substrate, and the light emission display by the light emitting element is recognized by the first substrate. Through the substrate. That is, double-sided display of the liquid crystal display device becomes possible.
- the first electrode When the first electrode is provided on the light-emitting element as a reflective electrode, an opening is provided in the reflective electrode to allow light emitted from the light-emitting element to pass therethrough. Both of the light emitting displays can be recognized through the second substrate. Furthermore, by using the reflective electrode as the cathode electrode provided on the first substrate side of the light emitting element, the decrease in the reflection intensity due to the reflective electrode opening provided in the first electrode is reinforced by the reflection of the reflective force source electrode. It becomes possible. As described above, the reflective display and the luminescent display can be recognized on the same surface, and the reflective display can also be a bright display.
- a retardation plate and a polarizing plate are provided on the viewer side of the first substrate from the side of the first substrate, and the retardation plate is a quarter-wave plate.
- the color filters incorporated in the liquid crystal display element are formed on the inner surface of the second substrate (the surface on the side of the liquid crystal layer), the color filters can be brought close to the liquid crystal. No blur occurs, and blurring of pixels can be prevented.
- the flattening protective film or the EL step flattening film provided on the light emitting element, and the flattening protective film or the EL step flattening film has a light diffusion function.
- the viewing angle dependency of the reflective display can be reduced.
- Since light emitted from the light emitting element can be scattered, visibility of light emitting display by the light emitting element is also improved.
- An auxiliary light diffusion function may be provided between the phase difference plate and the second substrate or between the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate.
- the backscattering of the incident light from the viewer side by the auxiliary light diffusion function can be reduced, and the scattering member when the light diffusion function is incorporated in the flattening protective film or the EL step flattening film.
- a switching element is provided for each display pixel to drive the EL element, and each EL element is driven by the active matrix method. Therefore, the number of display pixels arranged in a matrix increases, and each EL element is turned on. Even if the selection time for the light emission is shortened, a sufficiently bright light emitting display can be obtained without applying a great stress to the EL light emitting element.
- the life of the EL light emitting element can be extended. ⁇ ⁇
- the selection time for lighting each EL element is shortened, the selection time for maintaining the predetermined brightness is reduced. It is necessary to increase the brightness by the reduced amount. If the brightness is set high, a large stress is applied to the EL light-emitting element, so that the lifetime is significantly shortened. Further, the first electrode for driving the liquid crystal display element is formed on a protective film on the semiconductor switching element.
- a liquid crystal capable of displaying light and dark can be used without using a polarizing plate or a polarizing plate and a retardation plate.
- a guest-host type liquid crystal in which liquid crystal molecules and a dichroic dye are mixed is employed.
- a guest-host type liquid crystal in the case of reflective display, light from an external light source passes through the liquid crystal layer twice, so that two dichroic dyes cause absorption, and a sufficient dark display can be achieved.
- the backlight is turned on and used as a transmissive type, a sufficient dark display cannot be obtained because the light only passes through the liquid crystal layer once.
- the liquid crystal display element and the light emitting element are provided close to each other between the first substrate and the second substrate, the liquid crystal display element and the light emitting element are Can be recognized.
- a liquid crystal capable of scattering and transmissive display can be used without using a polarizing plate or a polarizing plate and a retardation plate.
- a scattering type liquid crystal of a liquid crystal molecule and a transparent solid is employed.
- the liquid crystal layer causes the light to be scattered twice, so that a sufficient scattering display can be achieved.
- the knock light is turned on and used as a transmissive type, sufficient scattering display cannot be obtained because the light only passes through the liquid crystal layer once.
- both the light of the external light source and the light emission of the light emitting element are set by setting the liquid crystal of the pixel where the light emitting element is turned on to the transmissive state and setting the liquid crystal of the pixel not lighting the light emitting element to the scattering state.
- the liquid crystal display device incorporates a light emitting element by integrating a liquid crystal display element that performs reflective display by time division driving and a light emitting element that performs light emitting display by time division driving. It is useful for liquid crystal display devices.Especially with low power consumption, reflective display is performed by the liquid crystal display element when the external environment is bright, and light emission is displayed by the light emitting element when the external environment is poor. Excellent display quality and visibility. It is suitable for a display device provided with.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US10/537,780 US20060072047A1 (en) | 2002-12-06 | 2003-09-23 | Liquid crystal display |
JP2004558393A JPWO2004053819A1 (ja) | 2002-12-06 | 2003-09-25 | 液晶表示装置 |
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JP2002-354634 | 2002-12-06 | ||
JP2002354634 | 2002-12-06 |
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PCT/JP2003/012281 WO2004053819A1 (ja) | 2002-12-06 | 2003-09-25 | 液晶表示装置 |
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JP (1) | JPWO2004053819A1 (ja) |
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