US20050069535A1 - Immunotherapeutic combinations for the treatment of tumours that overexpress gangliosides - Google Patents

Immunotherapeutic combinations for the treatment of tumours that overexpress gangliosides Download PDF

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US20050069535A1
US20050069535A1 US10/473,978 US47397804A US2005069535A1 US 20050069535 A1 US20050069535 A1 US 20050069535A1 US 47397804 A US47397804 A US 47397804A US 2005069535 A1 US2005069535 A1 US 2005069535A1
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vaccine
ganglioside
antibody
immunotherapeutic
mab
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Luis Fernandez Molina
Ana Vazquez Lopez
Rolando Perez Rodriguez
Adriana Carr Perez
Yildian Diaz Rodriguez
Mauro Alfonso Fernandez
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Centro de Immunologia Molecular
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Centro de Immunologia Molecular
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Assigned to CENTRO DE IMMUNOLOGIA MOLECULAR reassignment CENTRO DE IMMUNOLOGIA MOLECULAR ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARR PEREZ, ADRIANA, FERNANDEX MOLINA, LUIS ENRIQUE, PEREZ GONZALEZ, ALEXIS, PEREZ RODRIGUEZ, ROLANDO, VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, ANA MARIA, ALFONSO FERNANDEZ, MAURO A., DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, YILDIAN
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    • A61K31/7032—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a polyol, i.e. compounds having two or more free or esterified hydroxy groups, including the hydroxy group involved in the glycosidic linkage, e.g. monoglucosyldiacylglycerides, lactobionic acid, gangliosides
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to human medicine, and especially to therapeutic vaccines that induce an immune response to tumors that over-express gangliosides.
  • Gangliosides are components of the plasmatic membranes of the most of mammalian cells. Even when these glycosphingolipids are expressed in normal tissues, they are very attractive targets for immunotherapy due to the expression patterns during the malignant transformation of the cells (Hakomori, S. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50; 1981:733-764; Hakomori, Cancer Res. 45; 1985:2405-2414; Irie, R. F., et al. In: Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Borrebaeck, C. A. K., and Larrick, J. W. (Eds.). M Stockton Press, 1990, pp. 75-94).
  • the saccharide nature of the gangliosides makes them very low immunogenic molecules.
  • Some strategies have been used to increase the immunogenicity of these antigens. They are based on presentation of gangliosides to the immune system in a different molecular environment.
  • One of these strategies has been the use of conjugated vaccines in which the saccharide antigen is covalently linked to a carrier protein where the carrier is very immunogenic for T cells. It makes possible to obtain a strong and long lasting antibody immune response.
  • New vaccine compositions have been reported to induce an immune response against N-acetylated and N-glycolylated gangliosides.
  • These vaccines are based on hydrophobic conjugation between gangliosides and very small size proteoliposomes (VSSP) obtained from the association of the Outer Membrane Protein Complex (OMPC) from Neisseria meningitidis, Gram-negative bacteria, with gangliosides (gangliosides/VSSP) (Estévez F. Et al. Vaccine 18; 1999:190-197; U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,985 y U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,921).
  • the vaccines composed by GM3 ganglioside/VSSP or the (NeuGcGM3) ganglioside/VSSP have raised high IgM and IgG antibodies titers specific against GM3 and NeuGcGM3.
  • Jerne 1974 Jerne, N. K. Ann. Immunol. 125C; 1974:373-389
  • Jerne's theory supported new strategies for cancer active immunotherapy (AI) based on the use of anti-idiotype vaccines.
  • the vaccination is carried out with an antibody (Ab1) that recognizes the tumor-associated antigen, which induces anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab2).
  • anti-idiotype antibodies mimic the nominal antigen and in turn they generate anti-anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab3) against the tumor-associated antigen (Schmolling J, et al. Hybridoma 14; 1995:183-186).
  • Ab3 anti-anti-idiotype antibodies
  • the induction of immune response against tumor associated antigens has been reported after vaccination with anti-Id antibodies (Ab2) (Raychauhuri, S. et al. J. Immunol. 137; 1986:1743-1749; Raychauhuri, S. et al. J. Immunol. 139; 1987:3902-3910; Bhattacharya-Chatterjee, M. et al. J. Immunol. 139; 1987:1354-1360; Bhattacharya-Chatterjee, M.
  • the monoclonal antibody P3 (Deposit Number ECACC 94113026) is known from the prior art, which specifically recognizes the sialic acid in N-glycolyl-containing monosialo and disialogangliosides.
  • This Mab Ab1 recognizes antigens on human breast tumors and melanomas.
  • the anti-idiotype antibody 1E10 (Ab2 MAb 1E10) (Deposit Number ECACC 97112901) obtained by immunization with MAb P3 is a gamma type antibody (not internal image).
  • Ab2 MAb 1E10 showed anti-tumor effect on growth tumors of breast and melanomas (U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,379; Vázquez et al. Hybridoma 14; 1995:183-186; Vazquez et al. Oncology Reports 7; 2000:751-756).
  • the present invention refers the use of all the possible vaccine combinations described, in order to potentiate the effect that they produce each one of them separately.
  • the present invention refers to a pharmaceutical composition or the combination of pharmaceutical compositions, useful for cancer immunotherapy, specifically for tumors that over express gangliosides, and that it comprises at least two of the following compounds:
  • the pharmaceutical composition, or the combination of pharmaceutical compositions can have A plus B, or A plus C, or B plus C.
  • compositions where A can be an idiotypic vaccine comprising the murine MAb P3 with Deposit Number ECACC 94113026; and where B can be an idiotypic vaccine comprising the murine anti-idiotype antibody 1E10 with Deposit Number ECACC 97112901 and where C can be a vaccine comprising N-glycolyl GM3 (NeuGcGM3) or N-acetyl GM3 (NeuAcGM3) gangliosides.
  • A can be an idiotypic vaccine comprising the murine MAb P3 with Deposit Number ECACC 94113026
  • B can be an idiotypic vaccine comprising the murine anti-idiotype antibody 1E10 with Deposit Number ECACC 97112901
  • C can be a vaccine comprising N-glycolyl GM3 (NeuGcGM3) or N-acetyl GM3 (NeuAcGM3) gangliosides.
  • a plus B, or A plus C, or B plus C can be administered in a simultaneous or alternating way.
  • compositions of this invention may be useful in the treatment of cancer, particularly those which over express gangliosides as well as lung, breast, digestive system, urogenital system, melanomas, sarcomas and those derived from neuroectodermic tissue.
  • the present invention also described the scheme for the administration of the pharmaceutical compositions, or combination of pharmaceutical compositions to treat mammalians.
  • a method is also described a method that comprises the administration to mammals of the pharmaceutical composition, or combination of pharmaceutical compositions described previously for the prevention or treatment of tumors of breast, lung, digestive system, urogenital system, melanomas, sarcomas and of neuroectodermic origin.
  • the vaccines comprising gangliosides are obtained according to the specification of Estevez and col in Vaccine 18,1999: 190-197 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,985 y U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,921).
  • Very Small Size Proteoliposomes obtained from the association of the Outer Membrane Protein Complex (OMPC) from the Gram-negative bacteria strain, Neisseda meningitidis, with synthetic or natural gangliosides incorporated therein (VSSP-G).
  • the gangliosides could be (NeuGcGM3), GD3 or (NeuAcGM3).
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are obtained according to the specifications of U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,513 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,379.
  • the vaccine comprises murine anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibodies such anti-gangliósidos such as MAb P3 or murine anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies such as Mab 1E10 that recognize anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibodies.
  • the referred procedures can be used in mice or any other species of mammals.
  • the components of the combination are the ganglioside vaccine and the idiotypic vaccine; they can be combined in different ways.
  • the animals can be immunized with 3 to 10 doses in a range of 25 ⁇ g to 1 mg of the murine anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibody; the interval between doses can be 7 and 14 days. During this period the animals receive among 3 to 10 dose in a range among 60 to 1000 ⁇ g of the ganglioside vaccine, the interval between doses can be 7 to 14 days.
  • the animals can be immunized with 3 to 10 dose in a range of 25 ⁇ g to 1 mg of the murine anti-idiotypic antibody specific against an anti-ganglioside antibody; the interval between doses can be 7 to 14 days. During this period the animals receive among 3 to 10 dose in a range among 60 to 1000 ⁇ g of the ganglioside vaccine, the interval between doses can be 7 to 14 days.
  • the administration of both types of vaccines can be simultaneous or alternating.
  • the vaccines can be formulated as separate products or as a vaccine composition when they are administered in a simultaneous way. When vaccines are administered in an alternating way, the intervals between each type of vaccine can be 3-7 days.
  • the vaccines are administered in an adjuvant that can be aluminum hydroxide (62.5 ⁇ g-2.5 mg), Montanide ISA 51 (0.1-1.2 ml/doses), or any other appropriate adjuvant.
  • the total volume for each dose can be 10 ⁇ l-2 ml.
  • Vaccines comprising gangliosides can be administered intradermic, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intramucosal or their combinations. The same administration routes can be used for vaccines comprising antibodies.
  • the immunotherapeutic combinations increase the antibody immune response as well as the cellular immune response in treated animals.
  • the time of appearance of local tumors, the tumor volume and survival of treated subjects is compared with the same parameters for the control group, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic combinations.
  • the control groups are not only those animals treated with the adjuvant, but also those groups treated with just only one vaccine instead of with their combinations.
  • the procedure before referred can also be applied to cancer patients in different clinical stages. Particularly those tumors that over express gangliosides as well as lung, breast, digestive system, urogenital system, melanomas, sarcomas and those derived from neuroectodermic tissue
  • the patients can be immunized with 3 to 10 dose in a range of 0.1 to 5 mg of the murine anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibody; the interval between doses can be 7 and 14 days. During this period the patients receive among 3 to 10 dose in a range among 60 to 1000 ⁇ g of the ganglioside vaccine, the interval between doses can be 7 to 14 days.
  • the patients can be immunized with 3 to 10 dose in a range of 0.1 to 5 mg of the murine anti-idiotypic antibody specific against an anti-ganglioside antibody; the interval between doses can be 7 to 14 days. During this period the patients receive among 4 to 6 dose in a range among 60 to 1000 ⁇ g of the ganglioside vaccine, the interval between doses can be 7 to 14 days.
  • the patients can be immunized with the murine anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibody; doses, frequency and intervals can be the described previously. During this period the patients receive among 3 to 10 dose in a range among 0.1 to 2 mg of the murine anti-idiotypic antibody specific against an anti-ganglioside antibody.
  • the administration of both types of vaccines can be simultaneous or alternating.
  • the vaccines can be formulated as separate products or as a vaccine composition when they are administered in a simultaneously.
  • the intervals between each type of vaccine can be 3-7 days.
  • the vaccines are administered in an adjuvant that can be aluminum hydroxide (1-5 mg/doses), Montanide ISA 51 (0.6-1.2 ml/doses), or any other appropriate adjuvant.
  • the total volume for each dose can be 10 ⁇ l-2 ml.
  • Vaccines comprising gangliosides can be administered intradermic, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intramucosal or their combinations. The same route can be used for vaccines comprising antibodies.
  • the frequency can be 1 week to 3 months.
  • Cellular immunity is studied using lymphocytes from the patients. The extractions are carried out with a frequency oscillating from one week to three months.
  • the patients are re-immunized with both vaccines at the concentrations before mentioned; the intervals between doses can be 1-6 months. They can be administered simultaneously or not and during 1 to 2 years.
  • the present vaccination scheme induces in patients an antibody and cellular immune response increased, and therefore to reduce tumor burden.
  • mice Female Balb/c and nude mice of the same genetic background 6-8 weeks old, were immunized subcutaneously with 100 ⁇ g of murine MAb P3 (anti-N-glycolylated ganglioside, Deposit Number ECACC 94113026; Vázquez et al., Hybridoma 14; 1995: 551-558; Moreno et al. Glycobiolgy 8; 1998: 695-705) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Seven days later mice were re-immunized with 50 ⁇ g of the antibody in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). At day 10, draining lymph nodes were collected and the lymphocytes were obtained by pressing with a syringe.
  • murine MAb P3 anti-N-glycolylated ganglioside, Deposit Number ECACC 94113026; Vázquez et al., Hybridoma 14; 1995: 551-558; Moreno et al. G
  • the cellular suspension was used in experiments of cellular proliferation, which was measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation.
  • In vitro lymphocyte proliferation was measured by cultivating lymphocyte suspension in the presence of increased concentrations (25 to 150 ⁇ g/mL) of the murine MAb P3 and its Ab2 MAb 1E10 (Number of Deposit ECACC 97112901). Isotype-matched murine MAbs were used as controls. Stimulation indexes equal to or higher than 3 where considered positive.
  • IgM murine control MAb A3
  • Immunization with the murine MAb P3 not only induced the proliferation of T cells against the idiotype of this Ab1 MAb (T2), but also induced the proliferation of anti-anti-idiotype T cells (T3) specific for the murine Ab2 MAb 1E10 (IgG1), and not against Mab C5 of the same isotype (IgG1) ( FIG. 1 ).
  • 100 ⁇ g of the antibody emulsified in ACF was used.
  • Seven days later animals were re-immunized with 50 ⁇ g of the antibody emulsified in AIF.
  • draining lymph nodes (LN) were collected and the LN cell lymphoproliferative capacity was analyzed by incubating in the presence of the murine and chimeric variants of antibodies P3 and Ab2 1E10, whose sequences of the variable regions are shown in the FIGS.
  • C5 murine MAb and its chimeric variant were used as isotype-matched controls (Patent Application WO 97/33916 A1). Lymphocytes from mice immunized with the chimeric antibody P3 specifically proliferated when cultivated in the presence of this antibody or the chimeric 1E10 MAb, and also when cultivated in the presence of the murine variants of these antibodies. Specificity of proliferation was demonstrated by using isotype-matched control MAbs. Therefore, chimeric P3 MAb maintains the ability of the murine variant to induce specific proliferation of anti-idiotype (T2) and anti-anti-idiotype (T3) T cells ( FIG. 2 ).
  • mice A group of 6-8 weeks old C57BL/6 female mice was immunized subcutaneously at days 0, 14, 28 and 42 with 50 ⁇ g of murine 1E10 MAb adsorbed in aluminum hydroxide. At days 7, 21, 35 and 49, mice received intramuscular doses with 120 ⁇ g of GM3-VSSP/Montanide ISA 51. Another group of mice was immunized in a similar way, but beginning the immunizations with the vaccine preparation containing GM3 ganglioside. Control groups separately immunized at the same time intervals and with the same number of doses of each vaccine or only with phosphate-buffered saline solution were used in these experiments. At day 63, mice in all groups were subcutaneously inoculated with 10 000 cells of the murine tumor B16. Tumor growth was evaluated in all groups.
  • Blood samples were obtained for routine biochemistry determinations and for evaluating serum titers of anti-NeuGcGM3 ganglioside antibodies at days 0, 14, 28, 56, 112, 168, 224, 280, and 332.
  • Antibodies titers were measured by ELISA. Serum dilutions were considered positive when anti-ganglioside OD values were equal or higher than 0.1 (referred to anti-methanol OD).
  • the toxicity of the vaccine NeuGcGM3-VSSP/Montanide ISA 51 consisted on erythema, local pain, induration in the place of injection and fever, and this allowed classification of the toxicity as mild, grade I/II according to the OMS criteria.
  • Detected antibody isotype included IgG and IgM (all patients) and IgG (75% of the patients; Table I).
  • Vaccine administration to the patients produced mild toxicity, classified as degree I and II, according to the OMS.
  • the antibodies generated against the NeuGcGM3 were, in most of the cases, both IgM and IgG, with titers 1:4000 and 1:800, respectively ( FIG. 7 ).
  • a patient with diagnosis of malignant melanoma and liver metastases was included in the clinical trial; after the treatment it was shown stabilization of the disease for 8 months and the patient's survival was 15 months.
  • a melanoma patient with metastases which had been submitted to monthly surgery, after the diagnosis, received 6 doses of the idiotypic vaccine containing Ab2 MAb1E10 and aluminum hydroxide gel (2 mg of the MAb per dose), days 0,14,28,42,56. During this period, also it was administered to the patient the ganglioside vaccine containing 200 ug NeuGcGM3-VSSP ganglioside and Montanide ISA 51 as adjuvant, days 7, 21, 35, 49, 63. After the patient received this immunization scheme, he was re-immunized monthly with both vaccines simultaneously during two month. For the period of vaccination new lesions didn't appear and the patient condition was good.
  • NeuGcGM3 ganglioside is recognized by MAb 14F7 (patent application WO 99/40119). Recognition of tumor tissues by the antibody is shown.
  • Formalin fixed tissue was included in paraffin. The histology was evaluated in hematoxillin-eosin colored sections.
  • the fresh biopsies from pathological tissues were obtained one hour after surgery. All the tissues were washed with saline solution, and frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately and they were conserved frozen at ⁇ 80° C.
  • the frozen fragments were cut in a cryostat Leica at ⁇ 25° C. Serial sections with 5 um were obtained, air dried and used immediately or conserved at ⁇ 20° C. enveloped in aluminum paper; afterward the sections were fixed with para-formaldehyde 4% for 20 minutes.
  • Table II it is shown the immunostaining with MAb 14F7 in several human tumors. A strong membrane and cytoplasm staining is appreciated in more than 50% of tumor cells. The dye was very intense in colon carcinomas, uterus, ovary, sarcomas, lymph nodes and brain metastases of breast cancer, as well as melanoma metastases. TABLE II Tumor Immunostaining with MAb 14F7.
  • FIG. 1 Mice Balb/c euthymic and athymic mice were immunized subcutaneously with 100 ⁇ g of the murine MAb P3 in CFA followed by a re-immunization with 50 ⁇ g of the MAb emulsified in IFA. After three days, lymph nodes cells were collected and it was carried out the proliferation assay with different concentrations of the MAbs P3, A3, 1E10 and C5.
  • FIG. 2 Mice Balb/c were immunized subcutaneously with 100 pg of the chimeric antibody P3 in CFA followed by a re-immunization with 50 ⁇ g of the antibody emulsified in IFA. After three days, lymph nodes cells were collected and it was carried out the proliferation assay with different concentrations using murine and chimeric antibodies as control.
  • FIG. 3 Kinetics of growth for murine B16 tumor in mice immunized with the immunotherapeutic combinations, specifically the idiotypic vaccine comprising the Ab2 MAb1E10 and of the GM3-VSSP ganglioside vaccine, as it is detailed in the Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 Evolution of skin metastases in melanoma patient. The pictures were taken previous to the immunization with the vaccine NeuGcGM3/VSSP/ISA 51, 2 and 4 months after the treatment. Uncolored halos around some lesions are observed, stabilized lesions, in one lesion a diminished size was observed and in one lesion increment was detected.
  • FIG. 5 Evolution of lung metastases in a melanoma patient.
  • FIG. 6 Recognition of F(ab′)2 fragments from Ab2 MAb1E10 and from other MAbs with the same isotype by serum from patients immunized with the idiotypic vaccine containing Ab2 MAb1E10 and aluminum hydroxide gel as adjuvant.
  • FIG. 7 Recognition of GM3(NeuGc) and GM3(NeuAc) gangliosides serum from patients immunized with the idiotypic vaccine containing Ab2 MAb1E10 and aluminum hydroxide gel as adjuvant.

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EP1798243B1 (de) 2010-08-11
HRP20030806B1 (en) 2011-11-30
BG108228A (bg) 2005-04-30
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US20100297008A1 (en) 2010-11-25
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ZA200307585B (en) 2004-09-16
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SI1411064T1 (sl) 2008-04-30
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WO2002081661A3 (es) 2003-01-03
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AU2002308348B2 (en) 2007-11-22
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ATE378356T1 (de) 2007-11-15
BR0208675A (pt) 2004-08-03
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UA86768C2 (ru) 2009-05-25
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